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Barré-Lièou syndrome is a manifestation of various autonomic and secondary symptoms, such as muscle stiffness, tinnitus, dizziness, and pain in the head, neck, eyes, throat, ears, chest, and back. While thought to be caused by hyperactivation of the autonomic nervous system due to trauma, there is currently no firmly established etiology. This, and the nonspecific nature of many of its symptoms, presents a challenge both for clinicians, who must provide a correct diagnosis and patients, who are often misdiagnosed or faced with undue scrutiny from insurance companies. Here, we present two cases of Barré-Lièou syndrome, focusing on the processes leading to diagnosis, treatment, and problems encountered. Case 1 involves a 68-year-old woman whose head computed tomography (CT) scan revealed no abnormalities following a car accident. Approximately 10 months after her initial injury, Barré-Lièou syndrome was suspected because of autonomic symptoms that developed over time. She was prescribed an α-blocker, and 9 months later, her symptoms subsided. Case 2 was a 69-year-old woman who presented with bruising to the right chest and right knee after colliding with a car while riding her bicycle. One month later, Barré-Lièou syndrome was suspected because of her autonomic symptoms. She was prescribed an α-blocker, and 17 months later, her symptoms subsided. Because of the characteristic autonomic and secondary symptoms described above and a positive response to α-blockers, Barré-Lièou syndrome was suspected in both cases. We believe reporting cases will aid in the understanding of this disease and help patients obtain positive outcomes.

Тема дипломної роботи: “ Фізична терапія в комплексній реабілітації хворих із синдромом Барре- Льеу ”. Обсяг роботи становить 98 сторінок, міститься 18 ілюстрацій, 2 таблиці. Загалом опрацьовано 69 джерел. Метою даної роботи є, на підставі аналізу літературних та інших доступних джерел інформації, вивчити і відокремити теоретичний матеріал щодо побудови комплексної програми фізичної реабілітації хворих із синдромом Барре-Льеу в амбулаторних умовах в підгострому та довготривалому реабілітаційних періодах. Ця програма допоможе попередити і запобігти подальшому розвитку захворювання, а також подовжити період ремісії захворювання та покращити якість життя хворих. Завданням роботі є, узагальнення і систематизування сучасних инауково-методичних знань про поширеність, причини розвитку, особливості клінічного перебігу, методи лікування, реабілітації і профілактики синдрому Барре-Льеу. Необхідно вивчити характер процесів, які проходять в організмі тематичних хворих під час захворювання, та розробити теоретико- методологічну модель використання методів і засобів фізичної терапії на первинному рівні надання реабілітаційної допомоги низької інтенсивності в амбулаторних умовах. Обґрунтувати доцільність використання обраних методів і засобів фізичної терапії на первинному рівні надання реабілітаційної допомоги низької інтенсивності в амбулаторних умовах у хворих із синдромом Барре-Льеу. Визначити принципи побудови та запропонувати структуру комплексної програми використання методів і засобів фізичної терапії у хворих із синдромом Барре-Льеу в амбулаторних умовах. The theme of thesis: "Modeling the mechanical load of the mandible endoprosthesis". The work volume is 98 pages, contains 18 illustrations, 2 tables. In total 69 sources were processed. The purpose of this work is, based on the analysis of literary and other available sources of information, to study and separate the theoretical material on the construction of a comprehensive program of physical rehabilitation of patients with Barre-Lieou syndrome in outpatient settings in the subacute and long-term rehabilitation periods. This program will help prevent and prevent the further development of the disease, as well as lengthen the period of remission of the disease and improve the quality of life of the patients. The task of the work is to generalize and systematize modern scientific and methodological knowledge about the prevalence, causes of development, clinical course, and methods of treatment, rehabilitation and prevention of Barre-Lieou syndrome. It is necessary to study the nature of the processes that occur in the body of thematic patients during the disease, and to develop a theoretical and methodological model of the use of methods and means of physical therapy at the primary level providing rehabilitation assistance of low intensity in outpatient settings. To substantiate expediency of the use of the selected methods and means of physical therapy at the primary level of provision of low-intensity rehabilitation assistance in ambulatory conditions in patients with Barre-Lieou syndrome. Determine the principles of constructing and proposing the structure of a comprehensive program for the use of methods and means of physical therapy in patients with Barre-Lieou syndrome in outpatient settings.

Though there is abundant literature on cervicogenic dizziness with at least half a dozen of review articles, the condition remains to be enigmatic for clinicians dealing with the dizzy patients. However, most of these studies have studied the cervicogenic dizziness in general without separating the constitute conditions. Since the aetiopathological mechanism of dizziness varies between these cervicogenic causes, one cannot rely on the universal conclusions of these studies unless the constitute conditions of cervicogenic dizziness are separated and contrasted against each other. This narrative review of recent literature revisits the pathophysiology and the management guidelines of various conditions causing the cervicogenic dizziness, with an objective to formulate a practical algorithm that could be of clinical utility. The structured discussion on each of the causes of the cervicogenic dizziness not only enhances the readers’ understanding of the topic in depth but also enables further research by identifying the potential areas of interest and the missing links. Certain peculiar features of each condition have been discussed with an emphasis on the recent experimental and clinical studies. A simple aetiopathological classification and a sensible management algorithm have been proposed by the author, to enable the identification of the most appropriate underlying cause for the cervicogenic dizziness in any given case. However, further clinical studies are required to validate this algorithm. So far, no single clinical study, either epidemiological or interventional, has incorporated and isolated all the constitute conditions of cervicogenic dizziness. There is a need for such studies in the future to validate either the reliability of a clinical test or the efficacy of an intervention in cervicogenic dizziness.

Cervical vertigo (CV) hasn't yet been recognized by many neurologists, as it has no specific clinical symptoms and reliable diagnostic criteria. However, over the past 150 years, there has been accumulated numerous experimental and clinical evidence to support the legitimacy of CV allocation as a separate nosology. This review presents data regarding the vertigo associated with neck pathology: possible evidence of CV existence and the description of its type as well. The principles of CV diagnosis and treatment are considered, an attempt to create a unified concept is proposed.Цервикогенное головокружение до сих пор не признается многими неврологами, так как не имеет специфических клинических симптомов и надежных диагностических критериев. Накоплены многочисленные экспериментальные и клинические факты, подтверждающие правомочность выделения цервикогенного головокружения как отдельной нозологической формы. В обзоре представлены доказательства существования цервикогенного головокружения, а также описания его типов. Рассмотрены принципы диагностики и лечения, предпринята попытка создания единой концепции цервикогенного головокружения.

Background: Eponym lists in major sources can give an aura of legitimacy to discredited diagnoses, as exemplified by the case of Barré–Lieou syndrome, a ‘rare’ vestibular disorder.Methods: A literature review for information on the posterior cervical syndrome of Barré–Lieou.Results: Barré–Lieou syndrome includes very common symptoms – tinnitus, dizziness, and head or neck pain – attributed to ischaemia caused by cervical sympathetic nerve compression. Its original description brings together many unrelated disorders, and its causative mechanism has been discredited. However, it appears credulously in a number of eponym lists, and references to the syndrome are steadily increasing on the internet in general and on alternative medicine and legal profession websites in particular.Conclusion: By inclusion in eponym lists, without a disclaimer, a syndrome can be given legitimacy before the general public. A syndrome, such as Barré–Lieou syndrome, that is useless to the medical profession can unfortunately prove to be very useful for litigants and disability claimants.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of calcification of the oblique atlanto-occipital ligaments (OAOLs, arcuate ligaments) relative to gender, age, and degree of calcification. Lateral cephalometric radiographs of 255 subjects presenting for orthodontic evaluation were reviewed. Population size was determined by power analysis. Two calibrated raters reviewed the films and classified the degree of calcification using a standardized rating scale. Class 1 ligaments demonstrated no calcification, Class 2 ligaments were less than half calcified, Class 3 ligaments were at least half calcified, and Class 4 ligaments were completely calcified. Of the subjects, 158 were Class 1 (62%), 70 were Class 2 (20%), 18 were Class 3 (7%), and 29 were Class 4 (11%). There was no evidence that the degree of ligamentous calcification of the arcuate ligaments differed by gender (p>0.10) or age (p=0.8891). This suggests that the anomaly is congenital in origin.

Tuberculosis of the cervical spine is uncommon to arise in the whole apine. We report a case of tuberculous cervical spondylitis with Barre-Lieou syndrome.The case was a 61 year old female, who complained of mild muscle weakness and strong dizziness at motion, headache, nausea, so called Barre-Lieou syndrome. MRI showed rim enhancement of the retropharyngeal soft tissue and peridural abscess. We therefore performed the operation of curretage and anterior spinal body fusion by use of autogenous fibula bone, adding the chemotherapy of INH, RFP and SM. She gradually recovered from Barre-Lieou syndrome.The origin of Barre-Lieou syndrome in this case was unsidered the source of the irritation of the vertebral nerve by tuberculous abscess.

The case history presented is of a 32 year old woman suffering with severe occipital and bilateral temporal pain together with autonomic disturbances affecting her vision, balance and breathing, symptoms which have been postulated as ‘Barré Liéou syndrome’. She complained of pain referred to the left arm and associated circulatory and sensory disturbance in keeping with the diagnosis of complex regional pain syndrome type I. Traditional Chinese and Western trigger point acupuncture techniques were used in order to treat her pain and autonomic dysfunction. Acupuncture was successful in reducing, but not totally alleviating, her pain, and was particularly effective in reducing the majority of autonomic symptoms.

Neck injury of the whiplash type may lead to the cranial symptoms of the Barre-Lieou syndrome. Forty patients with this syndrome and 40 without it were investigated by a variety of imaging techniques. There was a clear correlation between root sleeve defects at C3/4 shown by special oblique myelographic views and cranial symptoms. Good results were obtained by anterior cervical discectomy and fusion at C3/4 in 21 cases. It is suggested that the syndrome may result from irritation of the sympathetic nervous supply at this level.

外傷の既往なく,顔面のほてり,後頭部痛,眩暈および耳鳴などのBarre-Lieou症候群の症状を主訴とし,その症状と平行して尿中カテコラミンの上昇を認めた症例を報告し, Barre-Lieou症候群と全身的交感神経緊張との関連について若干の考察を加えた.症例は46才,男.尿中カテコラミン高値を指摘され入院.検査所見では褐色細胞腫の所見は認めず,頸椎についてもBarsony stone以外の所見は認めなかつた.症状発作と一致して尿中カテコラミン上昇を認め,全身的な交感神経の緊張により症状が出現したものと考えた.本性候群には局所的な因子のみでなく,全身的な交感神経の緊張がその主因となつている例も存在していると考えられた.