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10.1021/ic301537n, A total of 16 discrete polyoxopalladates(II) [MO8PdII12L8]n-, with a metal ion M encapsulated in a cuboid-shaped {Pd12O8L8} cage, have been synthesized: the phenylarsonate-capped series (1) L = PhAsO32¿, M = Sc3+ (ScPhAs), Mn2+ (MnPhAs), Fe3+ (FePhAs), Co2+ (CoPhAs), Ni2+ (NiPhAs), Cu2+ (CuPhAs), Zn2+ (ZnPhAs); the phenylphosphonate-capped series: (2) L = PhPO32¿, M = Cu2+ (CuPhP), Zn2+ (ZnPhP); and the selenite-capped series (3) L = SeO32¿, M = Mn2+ (MnSe), Fe3+ (FeSe), Co2+ (CoSe), Ni2+ (NiSe), Cu2+, (CuSe), Zn2+ (ZnSe), Lu3+ (LuSe)). The polyanions were prepared in one-pot reactions in aqueous solution of [Pd3(CH3COO)6] with an appropriate salt of the metal ion M, as well as PhAsO3H2, PhPO3H2, and SeO2, respectively, and then isolated as hydrated sodium salts Nan[MO8PdII12L8]·yH2O (y = 10¿37). The compounds were characterized in the solid state by IR spectroscopy, single-crystal XRD, elemental and thermogravimetric analyses. The solution stability of the diamagnetic polyanions ScPhAs, ZnPhAs, ZnPhP, ZnSe, and LuSe was confirmed by multinuclear (77Se, 31P, 13C, and 1H) NMR spectroscopy. The polyoxopalladates ScPhAs, MnPhAs, CoPhAs, and CuPhAs were investigated by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Electrochemical studies on the manganese- and iron-containing derivatives demonstrated that the redox properties of the Mn2+, Fe3+, and Pd2+ centers in the polyanions are strikingly influenced by the nature of the capping group. These results have subsequently been verified by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Interestingly, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements suggest that the coordination geometry around Mn2+ is dynamically distorted on the EPR time scale (10¿11 s), whereas it

The finite element (FE) implementation of a hyperbolic sine unified cyclic viscoplasticity model is presented. The hyperbolic sine flow rule facilitates the identification of strain-rate independent material parameters for high temperature applications. This is important for the thermo-mechanical fatigue of power plants where a significant stress range is experienced during operational cycles and at stress concentration features, such as welds and branched connections. The material model is successfully applied to the characterisation of the high temperature low cycle fatigue behavior of a service-aged P91 material, including isotropic (cyclic) softening and nonlinear kinematic hardening effects, across a range of temperatures and strain-rates.