Search

Your search keyword '"Bashkiria"' showing total 788 results
Start Over Descriptor "Bashkiria"
788 results on '"Bashkiria"'

1. Workers and Employees of Bashkiria and Udmurtia in 1940-1955: Employment Figures and Wages

Author

V. N. Mamyachenkov and V. P. Motrevich

Subjects
bashkiria, udmurtia, economic sectors, workforce figures, wages, Slavic languages. Baltic languages. Albanian languages, PG1-9665
Abstract

This comparative analysis examines data on the workforce in two regional economies (Bashkiria and Udmurtia) during the years 1940-1955. The selected period is unique due to the extreme transition from peacetime to wartime economies and back. Special attention is given to analyzing the indicator of “average monthly wage levels”. Materials from leading federal archives and one regional archive were utilized. A detailed comparison of indicators between the two regions is conducted. It was found that before the war, industry played a significantly larger role in Udmurtia's economic structure compared to Bashkiria, but during the war years, the proportion of industrial workers in Udmurtia only slightly increased, while in Bashkiria it more than doubled (a consequence of evacuees being relocated). The study reveals that during the examined period, sectors such as construction and geological exploration developed at a significantly faster pace in Bashkiria compared to Udmurtia. In 1940, the largest sector by number of workers and employees was the industrial sector, with the educational system coming in second place, playing a key role in preparing the workforce. The conclusion drawn is that by the end of the study period, a positive outcome was achieved with living standards surpassing pre-war levels.

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

2. Livestock Farming in Bashkiria in 1946-1950: Dynamics of Production of Main Types of Products

Author

V. P. Motrevich and V. N. Mamyachenkov

Subjects
ussr, bashkiria, livestock farming, meat, milk, eggs, wool, honey, Slavic languages. Baltic languages. Albanian languages, PG1-9665
Abstract

The article examines the dynamics of livestock production in the individual and collective sectors in the Bashkir ASSR during the first postwar five-year period (1946-1950). Archival data is introduced into scientific circulation. Emphasis is placed on the fact that throughout the studied period, the recovery of livestock farming in the republic faced significant challenges. Information is provided on the production of main types of livestock products during the fourth five-year plan by specific categories in natural and monetary terms. It is noted that the pre-war level of production volume was never reached in various indicators: the number of cattle, sheep, goats, and horses, gross production of eggs, wool, honey, etc. Among the socio-economic reasons hindering the development of livestock farming in the republic are cited: consequences of World War II; low state investment in agriculture; low level of livestock technologies; deliberate policy by authorities viewing agriculture as an appendage to industry; low living standards of rural residents. The contribution of Bashkiria to the country’s food balance is determined. The conclusion is drawn that the individual sector of livestock farming, despite extremely unfavorable conditions and resistance from government authorities in the first post-war five-year period, overall maintained its positions and produced over 2/3 of the livestock products in the republic.

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

3. Consumption of Food and Non-Food Manufactured Goods by Collective Farmers of Bashkiria in 1946—1950

Author

V. N. Mamyachenkov, V. P. Motrevich, and A. L. Anisimov

Subjects
collective farmers, budget surveys, bashkiria, food, non-food industrial products, Slavic languages. Baltic languages. Albanian languages, PG1-9665
Abstract

The problems of providing collective farm families of the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic with food and non-food industrial goods in the first post-war five-year period are studied. The relevance of the study is due to the unresolved problem of scientifically based and balanced consumption of these goods by the population to date. The source base for writing the article was the materials of budget surveys of the population, which have a long history in our country. Materials from the funds of two archives, some of which have never been published and have signs of scientific novelty were used. It was alleged that the main foodstuffs in the Bashkir village in the first post-war years were potatoes, milk and bread with some addition of vegetables and meat products. It is stated that most of the money allocated for the purchase of manufactured goods was spent on the purchase of ready-made clothes, shoes, fabrics and piece goods from them, as well as soap and matches. Attention is focused on the fact that the monetary reform of 1947 sharply reduced the income of collective farmers in the Urals. It is proved that in the period under study the level of provision of collective farm families of the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic with food and nonfood industrial goods was significantly lower than the scientifically based norms for their consumption.

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

4. Abzakovo hoard of the Bronze Age in the Bashkir Trans-Urals

Author

Bersenev E.V.

Subjects
bronze age, hoard, sickle, trans-ural, bashkiria, alakul culture, Archaeology, CC1-960
Abstract

The paper is concerned with the results of the study of a hoard of bronze sickles discovered in 1970 in Baimaksky District of Bashkortostan. Originally, it comprised 13 items, but as of today three of them have got lost, and the collection numbers to only 10 sickles reposited in the National Museum of the Republic of Bashkortostan. It stands out that the items are lacking clear traces of use. Over the past 50 years, materials of the complex have not received sufficient coverage in the scientific literature, despite the rarity of this category of finds for the South Urals region in general, and for the territory of Bashkortostan in particular. This paper constitutes the first publication which combines and refines information about the hoard available in the scientific literature; it also provides a description of each item with updated and further detailed data on their parameters (length, width, thickness, bending height, etc.). In addition, the paper introduces in the scientific discourse photographic images of the bronze objects of the complex, which have been absent until now, instead of rather schematic drawings. Revisiting the materials of the hoard allowed it to observe that the data which was available in the literature had some inaccuracies, associated primarily with the parameters of the objects, the study of which helped clarify and extend the information on the description of the sickles remaining to date. The analysis of the material shows that the considered set of reaping tools has some analogies originating from the Bronze Age sites of the Trans-Urals, both from similar hoards and from settlements, cultural identity of which is determined quite clearly and is attributed by researchers to the Alakul antiquities. For this reason, the origins of the Abzakovo hoard are also associated with the representatives of traditions of the Alakul archaeological culture.

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

5. Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR during the Great Patriotic War: The Bashkir Period Revisited

Author

Rima N. Suleimanova

Subjects
great patriotic war, evacuation, academy of sciences of the ukrainian ssr, institute, activity, humanities research, bashkiria, History (General), D1-2009, Oriental languages and literatures, PJ
Abstract

Introduction. The article deals with activities of institutes of the Ukrainian SSR Academy of Sciences evacuated to Bashkiria in 1941–1943. Goals. The article aims at revealing functioning features of Ukrainian scientific institutions, their research efforts, and academic results in the mentioned period. Materials and methods. The work focuses on archival documents and published sources. The principles of historicism, objectivity and scholarship proved key to analyses of sources, evaluations of events and phenomena. The study employs a variety of research methods, such as the comparative historical, chronological, retrospective, logical ones, etc. Results. The insights into archival documents and published sources depict academic institutions of the Ukrainian SSR during their WWII evacuation in the Bashkir ASSR, outline features of their research activities and actual impacts in military and economic endeavors. The period introduced cardinal changes not only in the scope of their work but also influenced the shaping of new scientific directions. Despite the extreme wartime conditions, the researchers were striving to implement research tasks that had been determined in Ukraine. They were conducting scientific research, undertaking expeditionary trips to rural Bashkiria further to be further described in published papers. They also joined efforts with Bashkir scientists to examine various problems of the autonomous Republic, thus not only continuing research and exploration work but also taking an active part in pursuing the assigned responsible missions. Conclusions. In the years under review, the stay of institutes and scientists of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences in Bashkiria became a most fruitful and productive period, which is evidenced by the scope of published scientific works. Joint efforts with scientists of the Republic and other evacuated Soviet scientific institutions and universities proved an excellent school for them to gain experiences, resulted in the emergence of new research areas, and the expansion of scientific and industrial ties.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

6. The 1920s Evolution of Peasant Family in Bashkiria: Sample Surveys Analyzed

Author

Shamil N. Isyangulov

Subjects
bashkiria, 1920s, sample surveys, peasants, family, History (General), D1-2009, Oriental languages and literatures, PJ
Abstract

Introduction. The article examines materials of 1920s cluster (dynamic) censuses and spring surveys of peasant farmsteads to outline the evolution of Bashkiria’s rural family (before 1922 — in Bashkiria Minor and Ufa Governorate). Goals. The work seeks to identify research possibilities of the two groups of sources in the context of historical studies of peasant family in the Bashkir ASSR. Materials and methods. The paper primarily analyzes published and archival materials — results of 1920s sample surveys of peasant households. The study employs a number of research methods, such as the statistical, descriptive, and comparative historical ones. Results. The results of spring surveys of farmsteads make it possible to delineate changes in the average size of a rural family. In particular, from 1920 to 1923 Bashkiria witnessed a sharp decrease in family size — by 0.6 people, especially in the eastern cantons of the Republic. Then, the parameter increased slightly to stay virtually static (5.1 people) to the late 1920s. As of 1926, the largest family sizes were registered in Russian farmsteads (5.4), smallest sizes — in Bashkir ones (4.8). The disastrous consequences of the Famine of 1921–1922 for the family were evidenced by the Censuses of 1920 and 1922. The two years show a significant increase in singles, small families, and a decrease in large ones. In 1920–1926, dynamic censuses in Bashkiria recorded such ‘organic’ changes in the village as splits (14.1 %), mergers (8.5), returns and repeated incorporations (13.4 %), migrations and temporary liquidations of peasant farms (36.9). These exceeded Russia’s indicators nationwide. While mainly prosperous households tended to split up, those were the poor that would merge, migrate, and even die out. The materials of 1920s sample surveys of peasant farms indicate that the majority of then villagers were poor. Conclusions. The documents show that the considered sources have a significant research potential for exploring family history in the 1920s, and may provide links between demographic and socioeconomic parameters.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

7. MIĘDZY POLITYKĄ A ORIENTALISTYKĄ: Ahmet Zeki Velidi Togan (1890-1970).

Author

DZIEKAN, Marek M.

Subjects
ACTIVISTS, WORLD War II, ASIAN studies, POLITICAL movements, EXTREMISTS, GEZI Park Protests, Turkey, 2013
Abstract

Copyright of Ethos (0860-8024) is the property of John Paul II Institute, Faculty of Philosophy, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

8. The Bashkir Woman’s Social Status within the Family in the First Soviet Decade

Author

Gulfiya Yu. Sultanguzhina

Subjects
family legislation, bashkiria, the social status of women, equality, family, History (General), D1-2009, Oriental languages and literatures, PJ
Abstract

Introduction. This article attempts a review of key trends in the transformation of Bashkir women’s social status within the family framework between 1917 and 1927. Goals. The study employs newly discovered data to show some specific features in the marital status of Bashkiria’s women in the 1920s. Materials and Methods. Relevant documents from the Russian State Archive of Social and Political History and the National Archive of the Republic of Bashkortostan served as the main sources for the research; published materials on the subject also proved as instrumental and efficient. The research methods employed include statistical, descriptive, and comparative historical ones. Results. The research indicates that the period under consideration was marked by the struggle of dedicated women to improve their positions in various spheres including that of the family. The struggle was long and painstaking. In Bashkiria, the old ways were changing slowly, and throughout those years traditional Bashkir customs and perceptions continued to play an important role in regulating family and marriage institutions. Such phenomena as polygamy, early marriages (including unwilled and unequal ones), kalym and others were still quite common. Nevertheless, the first decade of Soviet rule in the republic was also a period of serious success marked by advancing the de facto equality of women in the family, and the legislative measures did seek to improve the marital status of women. The analysis shows that in the period in question was witnessing a radical transformation in women’s positions in the family and everyday life contexts. The research allows for a conclusion that the image of a ‘new woman’ in the family sphere was being shaped during the first Soviet decade.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

9. Kuchum’s Descendants and the Bashkirs: Attempts of Reconstructing the Siberian Khanate

Author

Azat S. Salmanov

Subjects
bashkirs, kalmyks, kuchumovichs, siberian khanate, bashkiria, southern trans-urals, ethnopolitical history, History (General), D1-2009, Oriental languages and literatures, PJ
Abstract

Introduction. As is commonly believed in Russian historiography, the late 16th century witnessed a final collapse of the Siberian Khanate. However, that event was long followed by repeated attempts from ex-owners of Siberian Yurt — the Kuchumovichs (children and grandchildren of the Siberian Khan Kuchum) — to regain their power. In achieving their goal, they relied on Bashkir and Kalmyk leaders. The ideological supporters of Kuchum’s descendants were the Siberian Tatars and Bashkirs, primarily Bashkir Tabyns who also sought a restoration of the Siberian Khanate. But in historical science the question of Bashkirs’ participation in the Kuchumovichs’ cause to regain Siberian Yurt remains unaddressed. Goals. The study aims at examining the 17th century ethnopolitical history of the Trans-Ural Bashkirs through the prism of the movement attended by the Kuchumovichs, Kalmyks and Dzungars who came up with the idea of reviving the Siberian Khanate. Materials and Methods. The work employs materials already introduced into scientific discourse which, however, were not considered through the prism of Bashkirs’ participation in the general movement of nomadic leaders to have struggled for the restoration of the Siberian Khanate. Coupled with the use of historical research methods (historical, comparative and systemic ones), this made it possible to reveal that in the territory of Bashkiria the actions of Bashkir rebels were associated with the policy of the Kuchumovichs and Kalmyk taishas who tried to unite Bashkirs and inhabitants of Western Siberia to withdraw from subordination to the Moscow Government. Thus, the scientific novelty is that the 17th century anti-Russian movement of Bashkirs is being first considered in the context of attempts to restore the Siberian Khanate. Results. Analysis of historical events (departure of Kuchum’s grandson Kuchuk to the Karakalpaks and adoption of Russian citizenship by the Kalmyk ruler Ayuka) shows that the rebellious Bashkirs experienced a collapse of hopes for the restoration of the Siberian Khanate, the latter viewed as an opportunity to gain independence from the Tsardom of Russia. Conclusions. Bashkir uprisings of the mid-to-late 17th century should be considered in line with the political situation that had developed in the southeastern outskirts of Russia due to the joint activities of the Kuchumovichs, Kalmyk and Bashkir leaders

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

10. Bashkir Theme in Works by P.L. Yudin, Orenburg Local Historian of the Beginning of the XX Century

Author

Viktoriya Y. Prokofeva and Alla G. Prokofeva

Subjects
Bashkiria, Orenburg Region, Ufa Governorate, Yudin, archival materials, Башкирия, Education
Abstract

The article presents data on the studies by P.L. Yudin, a Russian historian-archivist of the beginning of the 20th century, local historian, a member of several scholarly archival commissions, who being a native of the Orenburg Region, dedicated his scientific activity to the study of multinational South Ural. For the first time, the Bashkir theme – research about the culture, history and people of Bashkiria – stands out in the scientist's legacy. Methods of research: analysis of the works of the scientist about Bashkir history, its culture and people, published in the magazines, newspapers. Based on the analysis of scientist’s works the following aspects of the study of Bashkiria by P.L. Yudin are distinguished: the historical past of the region – the settlement of Bashkir lands, a description of the Bashkir cities, the lives and mode of life of their inhabitants, archival data on the participation of the Bashkirs in the Pugachev uprising, the personality of V.A. Perovsky, Orenburg military governor general of the early 19th century, his military campaigns and citations about him in Bashkir history, historical visits to the Ufa Governorate by historical figures, including Emperor Alexander I, preparation for such visits, religious beliefs of the Bashkir population. Conclusion. The importance of studies by P.L. Yudin and the relevance of his archival finds for ethnography, ethnology and modern historical science is denoted as well.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

11. Population Characteristics of the Spectrum and Frequencies of CFTR Gene Mutations in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis from the Republic of Bashkortostan (Russia).

Author

Ayupova G, Litvinov S, Akhmetova V, Minniakhmetov I, Mokrysheva N, and Khusainova R

Subjects
Humans, Male, Female, Child, Adolescent, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Child, Preschool, Adult, Alleles, Infant, Russia epidemiology, Bashkiria, Young Adult, Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator genetics, Cystic Fibrosis genetics, Cystic Fibrosis epidemiology, Mutation, Gene Frequency
Abstract

Background/objectives: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most common autosomal-recessive disorders worldwide. The incidence of CF depends on the prevalence of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene ( CFTR ) mutations in the population, which is determined by genetic diversity and ethnicity., Methods: The search for the causes of mutations in the transmembrane conductance regulator gene (CFTR) was carried out using targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) on the Illumina platform in patients with cystic fibrosis from the Republic of Bashkortostan (Russia), taking into account the ethnic structure of the sample., Results: A total of 35 distinct causal variants were found in 139 cases from 129 families. Five (F508del, E92K, 3849+10kbC>T, CFTRdele2.3, L138ins) explain 78.7% of identified CF causal alleles. Variants N13103K and 394delTT were found in four families each. Variants 2143delT, S1196X, W1282X, Y84X, G194R, and 1525-1G>A, as well as the two previously described complex alleles-c. [S466X; R1070Q] and str.[G509D;E217G]-were found in two or three families each. Twenty additional variants occurred only once. Variant c.3883_3888dup has not been described previously. Thus, regional and ethnic features were identified in the spectrum of frequencies of pathogenic variants of the CFTR gene in the three major sub-groups of patients-Russians, Tatars, and Bashkirs., Conclusions: Taking into account these results, highlighting the genetic specificity of the region, a more efficient search for CFTR mutations in patients can be performed. In particular it is possible to choose certain test kits for quick and effective genetic screening before use of NGS sequencing.

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

12. Review on: Tagirova L. F. (2011). Cantonal Chiefs of Bashkiria: The National Regional Elite of the First Half of the XIX century, 164

Author

Elena V. Godovova

Subjects
Bashkiria, Tagirova, cantonal chiefs, cantonal system, national regional elite, Башкирия, Education
Abstract

A review of the monograph by Ufa historian L. F. Tagirova "Cantonal chiefs of Bashkiria: the national regional elite of the first half of the nineteenth century", published in Ufa in 2011, is presented. The author raised an urgent topic related to the study of social national leaders, namely cantonal chiefs of Bashkiria, their incorporation into state authorities structures. Conceptually, this study can become a model for the study of national regional elites of various territories or become the basis for comparative studies.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

13. On Question of Existence of Towns in Bashkiria in of Golden Horde Era (13th-14th Centuries) according to Archaeology

Author

I. V. Antonov

Subjects
golden horde, bashkiria, towns, kara-abyz hillfort, tornaly hillfort, ufa ii hillfort, Slavic languages. Baltic languages. Albanian languages, PG1-9665
Abstract

The question of the Golden Horde towns on the territory of the modern Republic of Bashkortostan is considered. Special attention is paid to those archaeological objects which, according to various researchers, preserve the remains of the Golden Horde towns: Kara-Abyz hillfort in Bladoveshchensk district, Tornaly (Turnaly) hillfort in Salavat district and Ufa II hillfort on the territory of modern Ufa. It is noted that there are no objects of the Golden Horde culture in Kara-Abyz hillfort; only one Golden Horde pottery vessel was found in the Tornaly hillfort; in Ufa II hillfort silver coins of the Golden Horde khans and wire silver earrings, characteristic of the Golden Horde burials, were found, but they make up a scanty part of the numerous and diverse ware material relating mainly to the era of the early middle ages (no later than the 9th century). It is reported that in the 8th-14th centuries on the site of the hillfort there was a small settlement. The novelty of the research is seen in the fact that all considered settlements can not be considered Golden Horde towns. Their further search is unlikely to lead to positive results. It is proved that the territory of Bashkiria was poorly affected by the Golden Horde urban culture, but at the same time it experienced a strong influence of the Golden Horde nomadic culture.

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

15. Consumption of Food and Non-Food Manufactured Goods by Collective Farmers of Bashkiria in 1946—1950

Author

Mamyachenkov, V. N., Motrevich, V. P., and Anisimov, A. L.

Subjects
ПРОДУКТЫ ПИТАНИЯ, NON-FOOD INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS, COLLECTIVE FARMERS, FOOD, BUDGET SURVEYS, BASHKIRIA, КОЛХОЗНИКИ, НЕПРОДО¬ВОЛЬСТВЕННЫЕ ПРОМЫШЛЕННЫЕ ТОВАРЫ, БЮДЖЕТНЫЕ ОБСЛЕДОВАНИЯ, БАШКИРИЯ
Abstract

Статья поступила в редакцию 13.12.2022, одобрена после рецензирования 11.02.2023, подготовлена к публикации 23.03.2023. Изучаются вопросы обеспечения колхозных семей Башкирской АССР продуктами питания и непродовольственными промышленными товарами в первом послевоенном пятилетии. Актуальность исследования обусловлена нерешенностью до настоящего времени проблемы научно обоснованного и сбалансированного потребления населением данных товаров. Источниковой базой послужили материалы бюджетных обследований населения, которые в нашей стране имеют давнюю историю. Использованы материалы фондов двух архивов, часть из которых никогда не публиковалась и имеет признаки научной новизны. Утверждается, что главными продуктами питания в башкирской деревне в первые послевоенные годы были картофель, молоко и хлеб с некоторым добавлением овощей и мясопродуктов. Констатируется, что большая часть денег, отведенных на покупку промтоваров, тратилась на приобретение готовой одежды, обуви, тканей и штучных изделий из них, а также мыла и спичек. Акцентируется внимание на том, что денежная реформа 1947 года резко снизила доходы колхозников Урала. Доказывается, что в исследованном периоде уровень обеспечения колхозных семей Башкирской АССР продуктами питания и непродовольственными промышленными товарами был существенно ниже научно обоснованных норм их потребления. The problems of providing collective farm families of the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic with food and non-food industrial goods in the first post-war five-year period are studied. The relevance of the study is due to the unresolved problem of scientifically based and balanced consumption of these goods by the population to date. The source base for writing the article was the materials of budget surveys of the population, which have a long history in our country. Materials from the funds of two archives, some of which have never been published and have signs of scientific novelty were used. It was alleged that the main foodstuffs in the Bashkir village in the first post-war years were potatoes, milk and bread with some addition of vegetables and meat products. It is stated that most of the money allocated for the purchase of manufactured goods was spent on the purchase of ready-made clothes, shoes, fabrics and piece goods from them, as well as soap and matches. Attention is focused on the fact that the monetary reform of 1947 sharply reduced the income of collective farmers in the Urals. It is proved that in the period under study the level of provision of collective farm families of the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic with food and non-food industrial goods was significantly lower than the scientifically based norms for their consumption.

Published
2023

16. [The experience of organization of combined screening of uterine neck cancer in the Republic of Bashkortostan].

Author

Olkhov IG, Grishina NK, and Timurzieva AB

Subjects
Adult, Humans, Female, Early Detection of Cancer, Bashkiria, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms diagnosis, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms epidemiology, Papillomavirus Infections, Head and Neck Neoplasms
Abstract

The article considers organizational issues of cervical cancer screening in the Russian Federation. In particular, experience of implementation of the Project "HPV testing within the framework of combined cervical cancer screening (HPV and cytologic screening) in the Republic of Bashkortostan is considered. The cervical cancer is a widespread disease that requires early diagnosis and timely medical care. The main aspects of organization of medical care of patients with gynecological diseases in relevant normative legal regulatory documents are described. The algorithm and scheme of routing patients with suspected cervical cancer and with this disease are presented. The study covered more than 60,000 women aged 30-39 years from 14 medical organizations of Ufa. Such methods as sociological, statistical, analytical, content-analysis and organizational experiment were applied. The study permitted to substantiate and to approve both the Project "HPV testing as part of combined screening for cervical cancer (HPV screening and cytologic screening) and the algorithm of combined screening of cervical cancer during preventive examinations of female adult population aged 30-39 years of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The scheme was developed for routing patients with suspected cervical cancer or diagnosed disease to medical organizations for timely medical care support. By implementing developed routing and screening scheme for patients at risk of developing cervical cancer, as well as those who already suffer this pathology, it is possible to improve quality of organization and delivery of medical care, to reduce morbidity, mortality and disability because of this pathology and to assure early diagnosis and prevention of cervical cancer.

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

17. Biodiversity of Terrestrial Cyanobacteria of the South Ural Region.

Author

Gaysina, Lira A., Bohunická, Markéta, Hazuková, Václava, and Johansen, Jeffrey R.

Abstract

South Ural is a territory with a unique geographical position and heterogeneous natural conditions. Unexplored biodiversity of the terrestrial cyanobacteria of this territory is very high. We undertook a floristic study covering all botanical-geographical zones of the Bashkiria and Bredinskiy district of the Chelyabinsk region. In a total of 85 soil samples collected, 56 species of cyanobacteria were identified. The number of cyanobacteria was highest in the boreal-forest zone (39 species) and notably lower in the other zones (18, 29, and 24 species for broad-leaved forest, forest steppe and steppe regions, respectively). Leptolyngbya voronichiniana, Leptolyngbya foveolarum, cf. Trichocoleus hospitus, Pseudophormidium hollerbachianum, Nostoc cf. punctiforme, Microcoleus vaginatus, Phormidium breve, Phormidium dimorphum, Phormidium corium, and Leptolyngbya cf. tenuis were detected in all studied zones. Trichormus variabilis and Cylindrospermum majus were detected in the forest zone, Phormidium ambiguum was typical for forest-steppe and steppe zones, Pseudophormidium hollerbachianum and Nostoc cf. commune were most abundant in the steppe. Humidity and heterogeneity of the substrate were likely the most important factors influencing terrestrial cyanobacteria diversity. For full understanding of the biodiversity of cyanobacteria in the South Urals, future molecular-genetic research is necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

18. Soil fertility analysis in the Republic of Bashkortostan

Author

Ramil, Mirsayapov, Ilgiz, Asylbaev, Anna, Kiseleva, Tatiana, Minkina, and Nadezhda, Kurmasheva

Subjects
Soil, Multidisciplinary, Agriculture, Bashkiria, Environmental Monitoring, Russia
Abstract

The manuscript presents the materials of soil fertility analysis of agricultural lands in the north-eastern forest-steppe of the Republic of Bashkortostan in the conditions of the Salavatskiy district of the republic (Russian Federation). Agrochemical analysis of the humus accumulation, mobile phosphorus, exchangeable potassium was carried out, morphological properties were studied, the thickness of the humus horizon, granulometric composition and soil erosion were determined. During the 49-year period of agricultural land use, it was revealed some of the medium-humus soils passed into the category of high-humus, caused by the fact that the arable lands were not used for cultivating crops and they were withdrawn from circulation and sown with many-year-old grasses. As to the thickness of the humus horizon, low-yielding soils predominate, which occupy 60.11%, average 32.9%. The main land area belongs to slightly washed soils of 67,445.2 ha (58.2%) and unwashed 36,985.5 ha (31.9%). Agricultural lands are mainly characterized as medium-humus (80.3%) and obese (12.1%) ones. Based on the results of the research, an adjustment, digitization and a new soil map of the Salavatskiy district was made with the allocation of the main types and subtypes of soils with the indication of varieties on a scale of 1:25,000.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

19. System of Professional Education in Regions of Pre-Revolutionary Russia (through the Example of Bashkiria)

Author

Takhir Aminov

Subjects
history of education, education management, professional education, bashkiria, women’s secondary education, madrasah, maktab, multifaith approach, Education (General), L7-991
Abstract

Development of professional education in pre-revolutionary Bashkiria can be divided into two relatively independent branches: Islamic and national Russian-language education. The former was launched in the 17th century, while the latter began to evolve in the mid-18th century. Specific features of their evolution were determined by geographical, economic, historical, ethnic and religious conditions that had been formed by that time in the territory of Ufa Governorate, which is now Bashkortostan. The paper describes religious, pedagogical, medical, commercial, legal, engineering, artisanal, agricultural, and other professional educational institutions that existed at that time. We provide an analysis of teaching practices applied by professional religious educational institutions, both Islamic and Orthodox, that prepared church ministers and teachers. We argue that diversity of types of teacher education institutions characteristic of the region was a unique henomenon, as the types included: 1) teacher institutes (Orenburg, Ufa); 2) teacher seminaries (Blagoveshchensk, Belebey, Sterlitamak); 3) Russian and non-Russian teacher schools (Ufa, Birsk); 4) teaching courses and classes provided by general education institutions; 5) teaching classes provided by women’s gymnasia and progymnasia; 6) Islamic teacher education institutions; 7) Orthodox teacher education institutions (the rural localities of Nikolo-Beryozovka and Bakaly); 8) teacher training externship; 9) nonconventional forms of teacher training. Among the most significant achievements of pre-revolutionary professional ducation in Bashkiria, we should mention its multi-levelness, diversity, multifaith approach, and the aspiration of its organizers to satisfy interests of various population groups and to consider specifics of different regions. This system developed through creating a uniform educational space. Social initiatives played an important role, so education management was pretty much state and public.

Published
2014
Full Text
View/download PDF

20. Prevalence and associated factors of glaucoma in the Russian Ural Eye and Medical Study

Author

Inga I. Arslangareeva, Dilya F. Yakupova, Natalia I. Bolshakova, Ellina M. Rakhimova, Mukharram M. Bikbov, Iulia Rusakova, Renat I. Khikmatullin, Ildar F. Nuriev, Jost B. Jonas, Rinat M. Zainullin, Said K. Aminev, Nikolay A Nikitin, Gyulli M. Kazakbaeva, Yulia V. Uzianbaeva, Artur F. Zaynetdinov, Kamila R. Safiullina, Timur R. Gilmanshin, Svetlana R. Mukhamadieva, and Songhomitra Panda-Jonas

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Intraocular pressure, genetic structures, Population, Glaucoma, lcsh:Medicine, Diseases, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Age Distribution, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Optic Nerve Diseases, Epidemiology, Prevalence, Humans, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, education, lcsh:Science, Intraocular Pressure, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, business.industry, lcsh:R, Health care, Age Factors, Odds ratio, Middle Aged, Bashkiria, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, eye diseases, Blood pressure, medicine.anatomical_structure, 030221 ophthalmology & optometry, Female, lcsh:Q, Glaucoma, Angle-Closure, business, Glaucoma, Open-Angle, Optic disc
Abstract

To assess the prevalence and associated factors of glaucoma in a Russian population. The population-based Ural Eye and Medical Study included 5899 (mean age 59.0 ± 10.7 years; range 40–94 years). Glaucomatous optic neuropathy was diagnosed using International Society of Geographical and Epidemiological Ophthalmology (ISGEO) criteria. Among 5545 participants with assessable optic disc photographs, 246 individuals [4.4%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.9, 5.0] had glaucoma, with open-angle glaucoma (OAG) in 177 individuals (3.2%; 95% CI 2.7, 3.7) and angle-closure glaucoma (ACG) in 69 individuals (1.2; 95% CI 1.0, 1.5), with IOP > 21 mmHg in 79 (32.1%) patients, and with 80 (32.5%) patients on glaucoma therapy. Glaucoma prevalence increased from 3/485 (0.6%; 95% CI 0.0, 1.3) in the age group of 40–45 years to 33/165 (20.0%; 95% CI 13.8, 26.2) in the group aged 80 + years. Higher OAG prevalence correlated with older age [odds ratio (OR) 1.07; 95% CI 1.04, 1.09; P P P P = 0.004) and lower diastolic blood pressure (OR 0.98; 95% CI 0.96, 0.99; P = 0.035). Higher ACG prevalence correlated with older age (OR 1.07; 95% CI 1.03, 1.11; P P P

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

21. [EPIDEMIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTIONS AND CERVICAL CANCER IN THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN AND THE KALININGRAD REGION]

Author

I. G. Olkov, I. N. Kononova, N. K. Grishina, and Yu. E. Dobrokhotova

Subjects
Genotype, Papillomavirus Infections, Prevalence, Humans, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms, Female, General Medicine, Prospective Studies, Bashkiria, Papillomaviridae, Early Detection of Cancer, Retrospective Studies
Abstract

In the context of improving cancer prevention programs, it becomes relevant to justify the introduction of regional HPV cervical cancer screening programs based on a study of the prevalence of human papillomavirus infection and cervical cancer.Aim: to identify the main patterns of the prevalence of human papillomavirus infection and cervical cancer in Bashkortostan and the Kaliningrad region for the scientific substantiation of the criteria for the adoption of regional screening programs.A prospective analytical cohort single-stage observational examination of 3428 women of the Republic of Bashkortostan and 1246 women of the Kaliningrad region was carried out, as well as a retrospective observational analytical study of cervical cancer incidence in Bashkiria and the Kaliningrad region according to the official statistics from 2011 to 2020 compared to Russian indicators.In Bashkortostan and the Kaliningrad region, HPV DNA was detected in 48.7% and 54.2% of women of reproductive age, respectively, of which HPV of high oncogenic risk (HPV HR) was 51.7 ± 6.2%, and 23.4% were found to have PCM . In the Kaliningrad region, HPV DNA was detected in 47.2% of the women under study, HPV VR - 31.1%, in 25.5% accompanied by cervix uteri diseases. An increase in the incidence is noted in the Kaliningrad region by 38.6% over 10 years, with an annual increase of 3.8%. In Bashkortostan, the growth is demonstrated by 31.8% with an annual increase of 3%, which is significantly higher than in the Russian Federation (13.3%, р=0.001). For 10 years, the prevalence of cervical cancer has increased in the Kaliningrad region by 10.1%, with an average annual increase of 1.1%. In Bashkortostan, the prevalence of CSM increased by 4.7% with an annual increase of 0.3%.The high prevalence of HPV infection among women of reproductive age, the unfavorable dynamics of indicators of cervical HPV-associated oncopathology in remote regions of the Russian Federation (Bashkiria and the Kaliningrad region) is a scientifically based criterion for the reorganization of regional cervical screening programs. The implementation of Organized screening with primary HPV examination with mandatory separate genotyping of types 16 and 18 and the remaining 12 types of HPV HRC in a complex will enhance the effectiveness of ongoing preventive measures and meet international standards.

Published
2022

22. [The certain aspects of organization of medical care of women in period of pregnancy and delivery in the Republic of Bashkortostan].

Author

Borisova MV, Enikeeva DR, Fazlyeva EA, Elkhova EA, Sharafutdinova NH, Mukhamadeeva OR, Sharafutdinova LA, and Kinjabulatov AU

Subjects
Pregnancy, Humans, Female, Bashkiria, Patient Care, Organizations, Pandemics, COVID-19 epidemiology, COVID-19 therapy
Abstract

Health protection of women of reproductive age is a priority direction of state policy. In protection of reproductive health of women no small importance is played by development of organization of primary medical sanitary care and specialized medical care of women during pregnancy and delivery. The study was carried out in the Republic of Bashkortostan and covered period of 2017-2021. It was established that the number of women of fertility age decreased up to 3,9% that became one of causes of reduction of birth rate from 12.1‰ to 9.8‰ respectively. At that, the level of maternal mortality increased up to 8.9 times (from 4.1 to 36.8 per 100,000 born alive). In 2021, out of 37,775 women who completed their pregnancy, 99.3% were examined by therapist and only 92.2% passed such an examination prior to 12 weeks of their pregnancy. On the gestation period of 11-4 weeks, 91.3 % of pregnant women were subjected to ultrasound examination of fetus with detection of maternal serum markers and 94.4% of pregnant women were examined at the 19-21 weeks of pregnancy. Among pregnant women, rate of diseases and pathological conditions that preceded or developed during pregnancy slightly increased. Increasing of morbidity of anemia, diseases of endocrine system, including diabetes mellitus, was noted. The deterioration of particular indicators of organization of medical care of women according to profile "obstetrics and gynecology" occurred during period of COVID-19 pandemic. The implementation of three-level system of organization of medical care resulted in significant reduction of number of obstetric and gynecological hospital beds.

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

23. The Choice of Nationality Policy in Bashkiria, 1917–1925.

Author

Novozhilov, Alexey

Abstract

Several factors shaped nationality policy in Bashkiria in 1917–25: involvement of the central Bolshevik and regional White governments and activities of Muslim and Turko-Tatar elites, but Bashkir elites' activism proved most significant. At first (1917–19) a long-range approach to practical organizational steps predominated. National activists in this period proceeded mainly on the higher elite level, proclaiming their principles and organizing national governing institutions; at the lower level they only disseminated propaganda of their views. In the second phase (1919–25), with Soviet power established in the Southern Urals a crucial struggle occurred concerning forms of national autonomy for Bashkiria and significant attention was paid to extending nationality policy to lower administrative levels. The main forms of struggle to achieve national autonomy's objectives were convening congresses of deputies, forming assorted power structures based upon the congresses, establishing contacts with various governments but mainly with the Bolshevik government in Moscow, creating a national military, and struggling against alternative governments in Ufa and Orenburg. The major results of nationality policy in Bashkiria in 1917–25 can be summarized thus: legal formalization of the territorial integrity of a Bashkir autonomous entity and its relations with the federal center; inclusion of factory agglomerations in the autonomous region; granting of broad autonomous powers in education, culture, direct self-rule, and matters of justice; and creating conditions for development of all spheres of life involving the Bashkir language. Finally, the successes of indigenization policy and activity toward formation of a national intelligentsia are noteworthy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

24. Multilocus associations of inflammatory genes with the risk of type 1 diabetes

Author

Olga E. Mustafina, Inga Prokopenko, Tatiana V. Morugova, Yanina Timasheva, Diana S. Avzaletdinova, Zhanna Balkhiyarova, and Timur R. Nasibullin

Subjects
Adult, Male, 0301 basic medicine, Adolescent, endocrine system diseases, Ethnic group, Biology, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Linkage Disequilibrium, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Genetic variation, Genetics, medicine, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Lymphotoxin-alpha, Inflammatory genes, Genetic association, Type 1 diabetes, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Bashkiria, medicine.disease, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, 030104 developmental biology, Polygene, Genetic marker, Case-Control Studies, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Disease risk, Female, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract

Background Genome-wide association studies have captured a large proportion of genetic variation related to type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D). However, most of these studies are performed in populations of European ancestry and therefore the disease risk estimations can be inaccurate when extrapolated to other world populations. Methods We conducted a case-control study in 1866 individuals from the three major populations of the Republic of Bashkortostan (Russians, Tatars, and Bashkirs) in Russian Federation, using single-locus and multilocus approach to identify genetic predictors of T1D. Results We found that LTA rs909253 and TNF rs1800629 polymorphisms were associated with T1D in the group of Tatars. Meta-analysis of the association study results in the three ethnic groups has confirmed the association between the T1D risk and LTA rs909253 genetic variant. LTA rs909253 and TNF rs1800629 loci were also featured in combinations most significantly associated with T1D. Conclusion Our findings suggest that LTA rs909253 and TNF rs1800629 polymorphisms are associated with the risk of T1D both independently and in combination with polymorphic markers in other inflammatory genes, and the analysis of multi-allelic combinations provides valuable insight in the study of polygenic traits.

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

25. Association of adiponectin gene alleles with type 2 diabetes mellitus in residents of Bashkortostan

Author

Liaisan F. Sharipova, Tatiana V. Morugova, Diana S. Avzaletdinova, Olga E. Mustafina, and O. V. Kochetova

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, endocrine system diseases, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Disease, ADIPOQ Gene, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Gastroenterology, Internal medicine, Genotype, Humans, Medicine, Allele, Genotyping, Alleles, Adiponectin, business.industry, nutritional and metabolic diseases, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetic retinopathy, Bashkiria, medicine.disease, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, business
Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most acute problems of the modern world. The disease is characterized by high ratio of micro- and macrovascular complications. T2DM is a multifactorial and polygenic disease, structure of hereditary predisposition to which may be population-specific. Aim - the analysis of allelic associations of adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ, rs17366743) with T2DM, its clinical and metabolic characteristics and complications in T2DM patients resident in the Republic of Bashkortostan.3 PCR-based method of genotyping with polymorphic marker rs17366743 of ADIPOQ gene in 433 T2DM patients and 428 healthy controls, residents of Bashkortostan.The ratio of genotype CT and allele С was higher in T2DM patients compared with controls (15.7% vs. 6.8%; p=0.0002 and 7.8% vs. 3.4%; p0.0001, respectively). Genotype ТТ and allele Т were less frequent in T2DM than in healthy subjects (84.3 and 93,2%; p=0.0002; 92.2 and 96.6%, p0.0001, respectively). The association with the development of diabetic retinopathy and cataract was shown (p=0,044, p=0,008, respectively).Allele C and genotype CT are risk markers of T2DM (OR=2.43 and 2.56 respectively).Сахарный диабет 2-го типа (СД2) является одной из острейших проблем современного мира. Заболевание характеризуется высокой частотой микро- и макрососудистых осложнений. СД2 — многофакторное полигенное заболевание, структура наследственной предрасположенности к которому может иметь популяционно-специфические особенности. Цель исследования — анализ ассоциаций аллелей гена адипонектина ADIPOQ (rs17366743) с СД2, его клинико-метаболическими характеристиками и осложнениями у жителей Республики Башкортостан. Материал и методы. Генотипирование по полиморфному маркеру rs17366743 гена адипонектина ADIPOQ 433 пациентов с СД2 и 428 здоровых жителей Башкортостана проведено с использованием метода полимеразной цепной реакции (ПЦР) синтеза ДНК. Результаты. В группе пациентов с СД2 выявлена более высокая частота генотипа CT и аллеля С, чем в контрольной группе (15,7% против 6,8%; p=0,0002 и 7,8% против 3,4%; p0,0001 соответственно). Среди пациентов с СД2 генотип ТТ и аллель Т выявлены с меньшей частотой, чем среди здоровых лиц (84,3 и 93,2%; p=0,0002; 92,2 и 96,6%; p0,0001 соответственно). Показана ассоциация изученных генотипов и аллелей с развитием диабетической ретинопатии и катаракты (p=0,044 и p=0,008 соответственно). Заключение. Аллель С и генотип СТ являются маркерами риска развития СД2 (OR=2,43 и 2,56 соответственно).

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

26. [The influence of social economic factors on level of morbidity of psoriasis among adult population of the Republic of Bashkortostan]

Author

O R, Mukhamadeeva, S A, Gorbatkov, N H, Sharafutdinova, and S A, Farkhieva

Subjects
Adult, Health Personnel, Humans, Psoriasis, Morbidity, Bashkiria, Economic Factors
Abstract

To assess the social economic factors of development of morbidity of psoriasis in adult population within a separate region as exemplified by the Republic of Bashkortostan.The non-linear dynamic prognostic regression model with panel data was applied to establish role of social economic factors in development of morbidity of psoriasis in adult population. The model-based indicator is rate of total adult morbidity of psoriasis in 51 municipalities and 7 urban districts in 2014-2018. The factor space was generated by ten groups.The regression coefficients (elasticity) were obtained for every group of social economic factors. With increasing of factor of harmful emissions into atmosphere by 100.0%, morbidity of psoriasis in all municipalities can increase on average by 7.0% (elasticity coefficient -0.07). With increasing of economic well-being and incomes of population by 1.0%, a decrease of morbidity of psoriasis by 1.55% is possible. With changing of number of workers employed in harmful production by 100.0%, morbidity of psoriasis in adult population decreases on average by 3.9% (elasticity coefficient -0.39). The specific number of unemployed population (the unemployed, pensioners) and factor of social psychological stress in society turned out to be insignificant. The elasticity factor of level of support of population with public health resources was 0.08. At theoretical opportunity of increasing health care resources up to 100.0%, morbidity of psoriasis in adult population of municipalities can increase on average by 8.0%.The overall morbidity of psoriasis in adult population of the Republic of Bashkortostan is positively affected by economic development of municipality and level of urbanization. The unfavorable environmental factors have impact negatively. The increasing of volume of health care resources (provision of population with medical personnel, number of beds of day-and-night and daytime stay, capacity of polyclinic institutions, etc.) may result in increasing of morbidity of psoriasis in municipalities as consequence of increased accessibility of medical care. The study results can be applied in planning health care within the framework of medical care support of patients with chronic dermatitis in the Republic of Bashkortostan.

Published
2021

27. [The social economic aspects of disability resulted from diseases of peripheral nervous system]

Author

A V, Berg and G R, Basharova

Subjects
Adult, Male, Peripheral Nervous System, Humans, Disabled Persons, Female, Middle Aged, Bashkiria
Abstract

The diseases of peripheral nervous system (PNS diseases) are diagnosed in 48%-72% of workers in various branches of economy. They made up more than half of all occupational diseases and are the main cause of labor ability and of high level of disability able-bodied population. The purpose of the study is to assess social economic importance of disability because of PNS diseases of able-bodied population in the Republic of Bashkortostan. It is established that in 2014-2018 about 107 individuals of able-bodied age for the first time became disabled because of PNS diseases. The average annual level of individuals of able-bodied age with for the first time established disabilities because of PNS diseases made up to 0.1 cases per 10 thousand of population. Among the disabled 69.0 ± 5.4% are males. The disability rate in males (0.142o/ooo) is twice higher than in females (0.063o/ooo). The average age of the disabled is 48.7 ± 5.7 years. In the structure of disability dominate lumbosacral radiculopathy (50.9%), polyneuropathy of upper (15.3%) and lower (13.5%) extremities. In average, the disability develops in 11.3 years prior to age of 60 years and on 3.8-5.5 years earlier than in case of other diseases. The disability because of PNS diseases shortens healthy life expectancy by 16.0% in males and by 17.8% in females. Annual economic losses come to more than 26 million rubles of non-produced production. The disability because of PNS consists significant social economic problem of society and requires increased attention to prevention, early diagnostics, treatment, improvement of quality of medical social expertise, rehabilitation and habilitation.

Published
2021

28. Targeted next-generation sequencing of 21 candidate genes in hereditary ovarian cancer patients from the Republic of Bashkortostan.

Author

Prokofyeva DS, Mingazheva ET, Valova YV, Sakaeva DD, Faishanova RR, Nurgalieva AK, Valiev RR, Bogdanova N, Dörk T, and Khusnutdinova EK

Subjects
Humans, Female, Bashkiria, BRCA1 Protein genetics, Genes, BRCA2, Mutation, Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial genetics, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Ovarian Neoplasms genetics, Breast Neoplasms genetics
Abstract

About 5-10% of all ovarian cancer cases show familial clustering, and some 15-25% of familial ovarian cancer cases are mediated by high-penetrance mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. Only few other genes have been identified for familial ovarian cancer.We conducted targeted next-generation sequencing of the protein coding region of 21 candidate genes, including UTR regions, in genomic DNA samples of 48 patients with familial ovarian cancer from the Republic of Bashkortostan. We identified deleterious variants in BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK2, MSH6 and NBN in a total of 16 patients (33%). The NBN truncating variant, p.W143X, had not previously been reported. Seven patients (15%) were carriers of the c.5266dupC variant in BRCA1, supporting a Russian origin of this founder allele. An additional 15 variants of uncertain clinical significance were observed. We conclude that our gene panel explains about one-third of familial ovarian cancer risk in the Republic of Bashkortostan., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

29. Multilocus evaluation of genetic predictors of multiple sclerosis

Author

I. A. Tuktarova, Klara Z. Bakhtiiarova, V. V. Erdman, Oksana V. Zaplakhova, Timur R. Galiullin, Yanina Timasheva, and Timur R. Nasibullin

Subjects
Adult, Male, Linkage disequilibrium, Multiple Sclerosis, Biology, Logistic regression, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled, Polymorphism (computer science), Genetic model, Genetics, medicine, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Allele, Genetic association, Multiple sclerosis, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Random effects model, medicine.disease, Bashkiria, Case-Control Studies, Female, B7-2 Antigen, Carrier Proteins, T-Box Domain Proteins, Demography
Abstract

Background Genome-wide association studies identified numerous susceptibility loci for multiple sclerosis in populations of European ancestry, but the associations are not always reproducible in other populations due to admixture and different linkage disequilibrium patterns obscuring true association signals. Objective Our aim was to identify genetic predictors of multiple sclerosis in three ethnically homogenous populations from the Volga-Ural region of Russian Federation. Methods In the largest to date study of multiple sclerosis in Russian population, involving 2048 participants from the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russian Federation (641 patients with multiple sclerosis and 1407 unaffected individuals), we performed replication analysis of previously identified genome-wide signals for multiple sclerosis. Associations were tested using logistic regression analysis under additive genetic model adjusted for sex. Meta-analysis of the study results in three populations was performed under fixed effects and random effects models. Results We demonstrate the association with multiple sclerosis of the five variants (INAVA rs7522462, EOMES rs11129295, C6orf10 rs3129934, CD86 rs9282641, and GPR65 rs2119704). The strongest association (OR = 2.16, CI:1.85–2.74, P = 2.53x10−13) was detected for rs3129934 polymorphism in the major histocompatibility region. Multilocus analysis has revealed 322 and 27 allelic patterns associated with multiple sclerosis in women and men, respectively. In women, the highest risk of MS was conferred by C6orf10 rs3129934*T/T + STAT3 rs744166*T combination (OR = 11.87), in men – by C6orf10 rs3129934*T + EOMES rs11129295*C + RPS6KB1 rs180515*C combination (OR = 3.25). Conclusion We confirm five associations with multiple sclerosis previously reported in genome-wide scans in Europeans in three ethnic groups from the Volga-Ural region of Russia.

Published
2021

30. SYMBIOSIS OF APITERAPY AND TOURIST — RECREATIONAL RESOURCES IN HEALTH TOURISM AS A FACTOR OF EFFECTIVE POST-COVIDAL HEALTH

Author

T P Kotova and A I Lesnikov

Subjects
2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), COVID-19, General Medicine, Bashkiria, The Republic, Russia, Tourism, Health tourism, Product (business), Humans, Business, Marketing, Beekeeping, Recreation
Abstract

The article discusses the possibilities and prospects of using apitherapy in health tourism in Bashkortostan. The features of the development of beekeeping in the republic and the prospects for the use of beekeeping products in the restoration of the immune system, improvement of the psychological state of the consequences of covid in the conditions of tourist and recreational centers of the region are considered. A health-improving tourist product with the use of apitherapy has been developed. The Bashkirsky Med brand is widely known not only in Russia, but also abroad. The list of measures for the development of beekeeping in the republic includes support for scientific developments in the field of apitherapy. The article examines apitourism as a promising type of tourism in Bashkortostan. It can become one of the most popular types of health tourism and attract not only Russian, but also foreign tourists.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

31. [Indicators of stroke morbidity and mortality from stroke in the territories included in the Federal program of caring for patients with stroke]

Author

Shprakh Vv, O. S. Polunina, E.A. Polunina, O.A. Klochikhina, and L. V. Stakhovskaya

Subjects
Adult, Male, Stroke patient, Population, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Stroke mortality, Disease cluster, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Tatarstan, Medicine, Humans, education, Stroke, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Mortality rate, medicine.disease, Bashkiria, Psychiatry and Mental health, Stroke prevention, Female, Neurology (clinical), Patient Care, Morbidity, Stroke incidence, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Demography
Abstract

To study and analyze the dynamics of stroke morbidity and mortality rates among men and women in the territories included in the Federal program for the reorganization of care for stroke patients.The study was based on data from the territorial-population register of strokes. The study included the following territories: Ivanovo region, Stavropol territory, the Republic of Bashkortostan, Sverdlovsk region, Irkutsk region, Sakhalin region, and the Republic of Tatarstan. Research period was from 2009 to 2016. A total of 29 779 stroke cases were analyzed. The age of the examined people was 25 years and older.In the study areas, a 2.2 - fold decrease in stroke mortality among men and a 3-fold decrease among women was found. The values of morbidity and mortality from stroke over the entire study period were higher among men. It was also revealed that in 2015-2016, the mortality rate was in a narrow range of values, which demonstrates the impact of comprehensive measures to reduce stroke mortality in all the studied territories. The results of cluster analysis of stroke incidence rates obtained from seven territories over an 8-year period indicate similar measures for primary stroke prevention among men. Among women, there are also similarities in primary stroke prevention measures, with the exception of two regions - the Stavropol territory (4.8 cases per 1000 population) and the Republic of Tatarstan (4.5 cases per 1000 population), where the highest values of the stroke incidence rate were found. The results of cluster analysis of stroke mortality rates among men indicate a fairly large variation in the indicator values. The dominant value of the stroke mortality rate among men was found in the Sakhalin region (1.61 per 1000 population). The significance of stroke mortality rates among women in the regions was similar: six territories with similar levels of values were identified. The exception was the Stavropol territory (2.48 cases per 1000 population), where the highest death rate from stroke was revealed.Изучить динамику показателей заболеваемости инсультом и смертности от него среди лиц мужского и женского пола на территориях, вошедших в Федеральную программу реорганизации помощи пациентам с инсультом.Основой исследования стали данные территориально-популяционного регистра инсультов. В исследование были включены следующие территории: Ивановская область, Ставропольский край, Республика Башкортостан, Свердловская область, Иркутская область, Сахалинская область и Республика Татарстан. Период исследования — с 2009 по 2016 г. Проанализировано 29 779 случаев инсульта. Возраст обследуемых — 25 лет и старше.На исследуемых территориях установлено снижение показателя смертности от инсульта среди лиц мужского пола в 2,2 раза, среди лиц женского пола — в 3,0 раза. Значения показателей заболеваемости инсультом и смертности от него за весь период исследования были выше среди лиц мужского пола. Также выявлено, что за 2015—2016 гг. значения показателя смертности находились в узком диапазоне, что демонстрирует влияние комплексных мероприятий по снижению смертности от инсульта на всех изучаемых территориях. Результаты кластерного анализа значений показателя заболеваемости инсультом, полученных с семи территорий за восьмилетний период, свидетельствуют о схожих мероприятиях по первичной профилактике инсульта среди лиц мужского пола. Среди лиц женского пола также имеются сходства мероприятий по первичной профилактике инсульта, за исключением двух регионов — Ставропольского края (4,8 случая на 1000 населения) и Республики Татарстан (4,5 случая на 1000 населения), где выявлены самые высокие значения показателя заболеваемости инсультом. Результаты кластерного анализа показателя смертности от инсульта среди лиц мужского пола свидетельствуют о достаточно большом разбросе его значений. Доминантное значение показателя смертности от инсульта среди лиц мужского пола выявлено в Сахалинской области (1,61 случая на 1000 населения). Значения показателя смертности от инсульта среди лиц женского пола в регионах имеют схожий характер: выявлено шесть территорий со схожим уровнем значений, исключением стал Ставропольский край (2,48 случая на 1000 населения), где выявлено самое высокое значение показателя смертности от инсульта.

Published
2021

32. Cytogenetic features of buccal epithelium under exposure to harmful factors of metallurgical production

Author

Elena Rafilovna Abdrakhmanova, G. G. Gimranova, Natalya V. Vlasova, L. G. Gizatullina, G. M. Chudnovets, L. M. Masyagutova, and G. R. Sadrtdinova

Subjects
Diagnostic methods, Buccal swab, Epithelium, Russia, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Occupational Exposure, Medicine, Humans, Statistical processing, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, business.industry, Biochemistry (medical), Metallurgy, Microsoft excel, Mouth Mucosa, General Medicine, Buccal administration, Bashkiria, Medical Laboratory Technology, Cytogenetic Analysis, Occupational exposure, business, 030215 immunology
Abstract

At the present stage of development of society, the issues of preserving and strengthening the most important productive force that determine the economic development and national security of the country remain relevant. Metallurgy is one of the basic industries in Russia, which forms up to 20% of GDP. This study assesses the condition of the oral mucosa in workers in the industry. To evaluate the formation of micronuclei in buccal cells as an early biomarker of health disorders as a result of occupational exposure to production factors of a metallurgical plant. Hygienic and clinical laboratory tests were carried out for workers of the metallurgical plant of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Cytological studies of the buccal epithelium were performed. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using the applied programs IBM, SPSS, Statistics, Microsoft Excel. The general assessment of working conditions in accordance with the criteria of R.2.2.2006-05 for workers of the metallurgical plant was established as 3.2-3.3. Analysis of the buccal epithelium revealed the occurrence of cells with cytogenetic disorders in the workers of the main group. Cells with atypical nuclei were identified in workers with a duration of contact with unfavorable factors of production for more than ten years. Signs of nuclear destruction were revealed, characterizing an increase in apoptotic activity in workers with prolonged contact times. Studies have shown that with more than 10 years of work experience, proliferation processes prevail over differentiation processes. The results obtained can be used as diagnostic methods that expand the prospects for identifying pre-pathological and pathological conditions.

Published
2021

33. [ECONOMIC AND ORGANIZATIONAL ASPECTS OF STATE REGULATION OF THE HEALTH SECTOR IN THE REGION IN A COMPLEX EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SITUATION]

Author

K V Apokina, O V Aleshkina, N G Vishnevskaya, and A E Galina

Subjects
Economic growth, medicine.medical_specialty, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Health Personnel, General Medicine, Bashkiria, The Republic, State (polity), Health care, Pandemic, Epidemiology, medicine, Humans, business, Health sector, Coronavirus Infections, Delivery of Health Care, Pandemics, media_common, Healthcare system
Abstract

The article discusses the organizational and economic aspects of state regulation of the health sector, with special attention paid to the period of the pandemic. An analysis of state federal and regional health programs is carried out, an overview of state programs aimed at supporting medical workers during the spread of a new coronavirus infection is presented. The article presents the results of a sociological survey of medical workers in the Republic of Bashkortostan, conducted by the authors. Based on the results of the study, recommendations were developed for improving the healthcare system in a difficult epidemiological situation.

Published
2021

34. Main Trends of Developing Trade in Bashkiria in 1947–1950

Author

Antoshkin, A.V.

Subjects
Башкирия, consumer cooperation, торговля, денежная реформа, товарооборот, снабжение, Ministry for Trade, местные торги, Bashkiria, УДК 94(470), министерство торговли, local tender, monetary reform, goods turnover, goods supply, потребительская кооперация, trade
Abstract

Антошкин Анатолий Васильевич – кандидат исторических наук, учитель истории и обществознания, МАОУ «Гимназия № 2» (Стерлитамак, Республика Башкортостан), e-mail: aav151284@rambler.ru. ORCID 0000-0003-4901-3454. A. V. Antoshkin Gimnasium №. 2, Sterlitamak, Bashkortostan, Russian Federation В статье выявляются и обосновываются количественными показателями основные тенденции развития торговли на территории Башкирии, сформировавшиеся после отмены карточной системы. Основой для статьи стали ранее неопубликованные статистические и делопроизводственные источники, впервые вводимые в научный оборот, в которых нашла отражение деятельность государственных и кооперативных организаций торговли в период послевоенного восстановления на-родного хозяйства. Планы развития товарооборота реализовывались в сложных экономических условиях при неблагоприятных факторах объективного характера. С одной стороны, в торговле Башкирии проявлялись рецидивы распределительной системы снабжения, а руководство торговых организаций несвоевременно реагировало на изменения спроса городского и сельского населения. С другой стороны, на протяжении четвертой пятилетки в документах республиканского Министерства торговли и Башкирского обкома фиксировались перебои в торговле продовольственными и промышленными товарами, так как базы промышленности регулярно нарушали графики отгрузки товаров торговым предприятиям. Однако совокупность недостатков не умаляет результаты грандиозного процесса восстановления народного хозяйства в области торговли на территории Башкирии, подтверждением чему служит неуклонный последовательный рост товарооборота, расширение ассортимента промышленных и продовольственных товаров, планомерный рост розничной сети, а также увеличение числа специализированных магазинов. В ходе исследования установлено значительное сокращение растрат и хищений в торговых организациях при одновременном увеличении накоплений. Развитие государственной и кооперативной торговли в Башкирии показало, что в рамках советской плановой экономики возможно создание эффективной торговой системы, способной удовлетворять запросы основной части населения. The article outlines the main trends in the development of trade in Bashkiria after the abol-ishment of the rationing system and corroborates these with quantitative indicators. The article is based on yet unpublished statistical materials and business records, which have undergone scientific scrutiny for the first time. These reflect the work of state-owned and cooperative trading organizations in the post-war period of economic recovery. Plans for developing the goods turnover were being fulfilled in difficult economic conditions and were influenced by a set of adverse factors. On the one hand, trade in Bashkiria experience a relapse to the rationing system as the management of trading organizations failed to respond to the changes in demand in cities and villages in time. On the other hand, all through the fourth five-year plan there were shortages of foodstuffs and manufactured goods, which was reflected in the records of the Ministry for Trade and the Regional Committee of the Communist Party of Bashkiria. This was due to the fact that industrial manufacturers regularly delayed shipments of goods to trading organizations. However, all those flaws do not take away from the incredible results of economic recovery in the sphere of trade in Bashkiria. This conclusion is supported by a steady growth of the goods turnover, by the growing range of manufactured goods and foodstuffs, by the growth of the retail network as well as the growing number of specialized shops. The research showed a considerable reduction of embezzlement and thefts in trading organizations and at the same time the increase of savings. The development of cooperative trade in Bashkiria proved that it was possible to create an effective trading system based on planned economy which was capable of meeting the demands of the majority.

Published
2021

35. [Untitled]

Subjects
�������������������������� ������������, ���������������������� ������������������������, ������������������������ ����������������������, ������������������������ ����������������, national drama, ����������������, repertoire policy, touring activities, drama theatres, Bashkiria
Abstract

���������� ������������ ������������ ���������������� �������������� �������������������������������� ���������������� �������������������������� �������������� ���������������� �� ���������� 1940-�� ��� ������������ 1980-�� ����., ���� �������� �� ������������������ ���������������������� ������������ ������������������. ������ ���������� �������������� ������ ����������: ���������������������� ���������������� �������������������� ���������������������� �������������������� �� ���������������� ������������������������������ ����������������; ���������������������� ���� ����������������������, ����������������������-���������������������������� ������������������������. ���������������� ���� ��������������������, �������������������������� ���������������� ������ ������������������ �������������� ��������������������, ���������������������� ������������������������������ ����������������, �������������������� �� ���������� ���������������� ������������������ �������� �� �������������� �������������� ����������������. ���������� ������������������������������ ���������������� ���������������� ������ ��������������, �� �������������������������� ���� �������������������������������� �� ������������������������ ������������������������ ��������������, �� �������������������� ������������������������������ �������������� �������������������������������������� ����������������. ������������������������������ ������������ ���� ������������������������������ ���������������� �� �������������� ������������������������ ������������������, �������� ������������������������������ ������������ �� ������������ �� ������������������������ �������������� ������ ���� ���������������� ���������������� ���������������������� �� ������������������������ ��������������������������. �� �������������������� ������������������������ �������� �������������� ���������������� ������������. �� ������������ 1950-�� ����. ���������������������� ���������������������� ������������������ ������������������, ���������������������� ������������������������������������ �� ������������������������, ������������������������ ���������������� �� ������������ �������������� ������������, ������ ���������������� ��������������������������������������, ���������������������� ������ ���������������������� �������������������� ������������ ������������������������ ������. �� ���������������������� �������� ���������������������������� ���������������� ������ ������������������������ ������������������������ ����������������������. ������, �� 1965 ��. �� ���������������������� ���������������� �������� �������������� �������������������� �� �������������� ������������������������ �������������������� �� ���������������� ���� ������������������ �������������������� �������������������������� �� ���������������������� ��������������, �������������������� ���������������� �� ���������������� ����������������������������. �� 1970-�� ��� ������������ 1980-�� ����. �������������������������� ������������ ���������������� ������������������ �������������� ���������������������������� ����������������������������, ���������������� ���������������� ������������������������ �������������������� ���������������������� �� ���������������������� �������������������� ���������������� �� �������������������� ������������������������ ������������������. ���������������� �������������� �������� �������� ������������ �� �������������������� �� ���������������������� ���������������� ���������������������� �� �������������������� ������������������ ������������������. ���� ������������ 1980-�� ����. ������������ ����������������������-���������������������������� ���������������� ������������������������ ������������������ �������������������� �������������������� �������������������� ������������ ���������������������������������� ������������ ����������, �������������� ����������������������, �������������� �������������������� ������������������., The purpose of this article is to try to characterize the development of drama theatres in Bashkiria in the late 1940s to the early 1980s and their role in raising the cultural level of the population. To that end, several tasks have been formulated: to consider the development of the repertoire of the republic���s drama theatres under ideological control; to investigate their touring, propaganda and educational activities. Despite the significance and informative value of the existing scientific publications devoted to the problem under consideration, the coverage of the topic from the standpoint of the history of culture is becoming relevant and new. This implies studying culture as a system, with the peculiarities of its functioning in certain historical periods and revealing the laws of various phenomena in the historical and cultural process. Also, a retrospective look at the state policy in the field of theatrical art as well as the theme of the relationships between the theatre and the authorities in a historical perspective have not yet been properly reflected in regional historiography. As a result of this study, the main conclusions were drawn. In the early 1950s, a modern Soviet repertoire was formed filled with the spirit of citizenship and patriotism. It reflected labour and military exploits of the people without excessive ���entertainment��� characteristics of theatrical performances of the first post-war years. In subsequent years, the ideological control over theatrical institutions became more intense. Thus, in 1965, ���Regulations on the formation of the repertoire and quality control of performances of drama and musical theatres, concert programs and circus performances��� were introduced into the theatre practice. In the 1970s and the early 1980s drama theatres of Bashkiria performed the function of intercultural interaction enriching the audience with achievements of Bashkir drama and cultural values of the world and Soviet theatrical art. The role of the theatre in involving the Bashkir and Tatar rural population to the stage culture was especially relevant. Until the early 1980s, an important agitation and educational function of theatrical art was the propaganda of a socialist way of life, a sense of patriotism, and criticism of bourgeois ideology by means of the theatre.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

36. The dynamics of demographic indices in the Republic of Bashkortostan

Author

V. V. Victorov, M. A. Sharafutdinov, A. Sh. Galikeeva, N. Kh. Sharafutdinova, M. Yu. Pavlova, Olga R. Mukhamadeeva, and M. V. Borisova

Subjects
Adult, Male, Rural Population, Adolescent, Urban Population, media_common.quotation_subject, Population Dynamics, Population, Fertility, Birth rate, Young Adult, Humans, Medicine, Mortality, Birth Rate, education, Aged, media_common, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Mortality rate, General Medicine, Bashkiria, Young age, Female, Residence, Rural area, business, Rural population, Demography
Abstract

The article presents results of analysis of demographic indices in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The primary data for analysis was acquired from official public statistics. The dynamics of fertility and mortality indices in 1985-2018 is described. The prognostication of indices dynamics up to 2025 was made. The distribution of mortality indices by gender, age, causes of death, place of residence is proposed for 2012, 2015 and 2018. Four periods with increasing or decreasing of fertility and mortality was allocated. The linear correlation made up to r = -0.492, p

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

37. [The indices of Morbidity and Mortality of acute pancreatitis as indicator of medical care condition on regional level]

Author

T.I. Mustafin, A.K. Imaeva, and S.R. Polovinkina

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Mortality rate, Statistical index, Medical record, Incidence (epidemiology), Alcohol abuse, General Medicine, Disease, medicine.disease, Bashkiria, Medical care, Pancreatitis, Acute Disease, medicine, Acute pancreatitis, Humans, Morbidity, Intensive care medicine, business, Retrospective Studies
Abstract

The high digital incidence rates of acute pancreatitis world-wide and the death rates from its destructive forms explain the great interest to this problem. Among diseases of gastrointestinal tract, this pathology is characterized by variety of clinical manifestations, frequent severe complications, difficult choice of proper tactics of treatment and severe prognosis of development of disease. The gallstone disease, alcohol abuse are among most common causes of development of disease. However, it is important to study statistical indices of prevalence and mortality of acute pancreatitis at the regional level. The purpose of study was to analyze incidence and mortality of acute pancreatitis in 2010-2018. The indices were analyzed in the region as a whole and as well as in the Medical Districts of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The incidence of acute pancreatitis had period of acute upraise in 2010 (86.5) and 2018 (76.6). At the same time, mortality since 2011 (4.7) was characterized by slight increasing and up to 2018 it almost doubled (8.1). The overall picture demonstrates increasing of mentioned indices in the region. In case of acute pancreatitis, mortality increased from 7.4 in 2010 to 10.5 in 2018. It can be explained by increasing incidence of destructive forms of disease, when severe and sometimes fatal complications often develop. In the republic nine medical districts were organized making possible to judge more clearly the change in morbidity and mortality depending on the territorial affiliation. The analysis of these statistical indices for medical districts demonstrated objectivity of assessing state of medical care. In particular districts (Birsk, Neftekamsk), timely retrospective assessment of morbidity and mortality rates of acute pancreatitis and the comprehensive measures resulted in their stabilization and even decreasing. A clear record of medical records, considering all sick and dead from acute pancreatitis, helps to improve organizational, preventive and therapeutic measures.

Published
2020

38. Башкирская тема в работах оренбургского краеведа начала ХХ века П.Л. Юдина

Author

Прокофьева Виктория Юрьевна; ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный институт кино и телевидения», Prokofeva Viktoriya Yurevna; FSBEI of HE "Saint Petersburg State University of Film and Television", Прокофьева Алла Георгиевна; нет, Prokofeva Alla Georgievna; net, Прокофьева Виктория Юрьевна; ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный институт кино и телевидения», Prokofeva Viktoriya Yurevna; FSBEI of HE "Saint Petersburg State University of Film and Television", Прокофьева Алла Георгиевна; нет, and Prokofeva Alla Georgievna; net

Abstract

В статье приводятся данные об исследованиях Павла Львовича Юдина – российского историка-архивиста конца XIX – начала XX вв., краеведа, члена нескольких ученых архивных комиссий, который, будучи уроженцем Оренбуржья, посвятил свою научную деятельность изучению многонационального Южного Урала. Впервые выделяется в наследии ученого башкирская тема – изыскания о культуре, истории и людях Башкирии. Методы исследования: анализ работы ученого, опубликованные в столичных журналах, газетах, посвященных башкирской истории, ее культуре, народу. На основе анализа публикаций ученого в периодических изданиях выделяются следующие аспекты исследования П.Л. Юдиным Башкирии: историческое прошлое края – заселение башкирских земель, описание башкирских городов, жизни и быта их жителей, архивные данные об участии башкир в Пугачевском восстании, личность оренбургского военного генерал-губернатора начала XIX века В.А. Перовского, его военные походы и память о нем в башкирской истории, посещение Уфимской губернии историческими лицами, в том числе императором Александром I, подготовка к подобным посещениям, религиозные верования башкирского населения. Вывод. Отмечается значимость исследований П.Л. Юдина и актуальность его архивных находок для современной этнографии и этнологии и исторической науки в целом., The article presents data on the studies by P.L. Yudin, a Russian historian-archivist of the beginning of the 20th century, local historian, a member of several scholarly archival commissions, who being a native of the Orenburg Region, dedicated his scientific activity to the study of multinational South Ural. For the first time, the Bashkir theme – research about the culture, history and people of Bashkiria – stands out in the scientist's legacy. Methods of research: analysis of the works of the scientist about Bashkir history, its culture and people, published in the magazines, newspapers. Based on the analysis of scientist’s works the following aspects of the study of Bashkiria by P.L. Yudin are distinguished: the historical past of the region – the settlement of Bashkir lands, a description of the Bashkir cities, the lives and mode of life of their inhabitants, archival data on the participation of the Bashkirs in the Pugachev uprising, the personality of V.A. Perovsky, Orenburg military governor general of the early 19th century, his military campaigns and citations about him in Bashkir history, historical visits to the Ufa Governorate by historical figures, including Emperor Alexander I, preparation for such visits, religious beliefs of the Bashkir population. Conclusion. The importance of studies by P.L. Yudin and the relevance of his archival finds for ethnography, ethnology and modern historical science is denoted as well.

Published
2020

39. Nationality policies in the period of perestroika: some comments from a political actor.

Abstract

The years of perestroika, especially the last two or three years, were marked by an unprecedented upsurge of national movements, national agitations, and conflict. These national movements arose for different reasons throughout the Soviet Union. In some areas, like the Baltic states, national movements have been distinguished by the striving for the establishment of state independence, and they developed in the framework of a constitutional process – even, to some extent, after the abortive coup in August 1991. In other regions, particularly in Central Asia and the Caucasus, or on the border line dividing the Islamic and Christian worlds, nationality conflicts generally took a violent form, as demonstrated by the clashes between Armenia and Azerbaijan. They began with the unrest of December 1986 in Alma-Ata, which was followed by outbreaks in Nagorno-Karabakh in 1988. These events were completely unexpected by the public, by experts on nationalities, by the press, and by political authorities. Why was this the case? Soviet social science, always obedient to authority, began to develop the concept of the Soviet people as a new historical community in the late 1960s. This was only a smoke-screen to hide the attempts at the forced and accelerated assimilation of non-Russian nationalities. This assimilation was not initiated by the Russian people, who were themselves subject to a considerable de-ethnocization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1992
Full Text
View/download PDF

40. Perestroika and the ethnic consciousness of Russians.

Abstract

The years of perestroika completely undermined the theory of the merging (sliianie) of nations in the Soviet Union. The theory of the ‘melting pot’ in the USA has also not withstood the test of time. Ethnic communities are increasingly making their demands, their interests, and their readiness to act in the name of these interests known throughout the world, and especially in the Soviet Union. Such interests were not only evident before the abortive coup attempt in August 1991, but had a direct impact on both the resolution and the consequences of the crisis. The modern day articulation of demands by communities which are distinguishable by the size of their population, by their history, the type of territorial distribution, and their governmental and social status necessitates a critical reconsideration of our understanding of the word “nation.” There has been an ongoing dispute among Soviet scholars over the utility of applying the concepts of “nation” and “nationality” to various ethnic groups. In the Platform on Nationality Relations adopted by the Central Committee of the Communist Party in September 1989, both terms were employed. Yet among Soviet ethnographers, especially after discussions during 1987–1989 with the British anthropologist Ernest Gellner, the notion that national ethnoses are communities which possess common ideas, values, and interests – that is, the characteristics of ethnic consciousness – became increasingly popular. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1992
Full Text
View/download PDF

41. The nationality policy of the CPSU and its reflection in Soviet socio-political terminology.

Abstract

In Soviet legal, historical, sociopolitical and other literature, the term state is used both in a wider sense as a synonym for the country as a whole, and in a narrower sense as a synonym for an administrative–territorial formation having the status of a union national republic. Aside from instances when the juridical status of union republics is considered, it can be said that in Soviet scholarly, sociopolitical works, in periodicals, and in other publications the term state is used exclusively in the wider sense. For example, in the constitution of the RSFSR, the largest union republic of the USSR in territory, population and economic potential, the term state occurs in the narrower sense three times only: in Article I, which states that it is “a socialist state of the whole people”; in Article 68, which states that it is “a sovereign Soviet socialist state”; and in Article 78, which stipulates that each of the autonomous republics of the RSFSR “is a Soviet socialist state.” On the other hand, the RSFSR constitution uses the term in its wider sense forty times. For example, “the state helps enhance the social homogeneity … and the all-round developing and drawing together of all the nations and nationalities of the USSR” (Article 19); “When abroad, citizens of the RSFSR enjoy the protection and assistance of the Soviet state” (Article 31), etc. The third occurrence of the term state in its narrow sense in the constitution of the RSFSR clarifies the assertion that in this sense it serves in Soviet vocabulary merely to designate property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1988
Full Text
View/download PDF

42. HUNGARIAN TRACES IN PLACE-NAMES IN BASHKIRIA.

Author

Gyóni, Gábor

Subjects
ETHNOLOGY, ETYMOLOGY, ETHNOGENESIS, HUNGARIAN literature, GEOGRAPHY
Abstract

The Russian literature - in contrast with the majority of Hungarian researchers - regards it as a fact that there are place-names of Hungarian origin in Bashkiria. Au overview of the literature and sources provides confirmation of this opinion. Magas, Mart. Ar. Bisz (Visz), Izes are almost certainly place-names of Hungarian origin in Bashkiria; and the same could perhaps apply to other place-names. The argument presented here not only takes into account etymological considerations but also places special emphasis on finding loponymic parallels in early Hungarian place-names and on confirmation in other sources and disciplines of the presence of Hungarians in the given geographical region. The presence of place-names of Hungarian origin in Bashkiria - together with other considerations - indicates that one of the ancient Hungarian homelands was in the territory of today's Bashkiria (probably up to the 9th century). As regards the "Bashkir-Hungarian problem", it can be said that Hungarians did not participate in a mass scale in the ethnogenesis of the Bashkirs who appeared in the Volga-Ural region in the 9th century, hut we have sound reason to suppose that small groups of Hungarians remained behind after the 9th century and were eventually assimilated as Bashkirs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2008
Full Text
View/download PDF

43. On situation with occupational allergic morbidity in modern conditions

Author

R U Khayrullin, A S Khafisova, L M Masyagutova, V T Akhmetshina, and E R Abdrakhmanova

Subjects
business.industry, General Medicine, Bashkiria, Occupational safety and health, Occupational Diseases, Occupational Exposure, Environmental health, Prevalence, Etiology, Humans, Medicine, Identification (biology), Morbidity, business, Research data
Abstract

The article presents new research data concerning characteristics of formation, prevalence, identification of the main nosological forms of occupational allergic morbidity in various districts of the Republic of Bashkortostan. It is demonstrated that in the structure of occupational pathology diseases of allergic etiology take significant place varying from 16,8% to 23,7%. One of the important trends is development of preventive measures for development and propagation of occupational allergic diseases.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

44. COOPERATION BETWEEN BASHKIRIA AND CHINA IN THE FIELD OF INDUSTRY: HISTORICAL EXPERIENCE, 1950 - 1960S

Author

Suleimanova, R.N.

Subjects
1950-1960, China, industry, exchange of experience, cooperation, Bashkiria, industrial practice
Abstract

The article discusses the industrial, technical and cultural relations of Bashkiria and China in the 1950s and 1960s, which were important in the in- terstate relations between the PRC and the USSR. At Bashkir enterprises, Chinese specialists and workers underwent practical training, during which an exchange of experience took place. To provide the necessary assistance to the enterprises of China, qualified specialists was dispatched from the republic.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

46. The effect of medical economic factors on common morbidity of population of the Republic of Bashkortostan

Author

Z F Askarova, A D Turutina, N Kh Davletnurov, R. A. Askarov, I A Lakman, and A G Iashchuk

Subjects
education.field_of_study, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Population, Distribution (economics), General Medicine, Total population, Bashkiria, The Republic, Economics, Medical, Geography, Service (economics), Automated information system, Morbidity, business, Socioeconomics, education, Data Management, media_common, Panel data, Federal state
Abstract

The assessment was applied to degree of impact of medical social factors on morbidity of total population according appealability in the Republic of Bashkortostan, considering their spatial temporal distribution. The database of the Federal Information Fund for Social and Hygienic Monitoring (Automated Information System "Social and Hygienic Monitoring") of the Department of Rospotrebnadzor and data of official statistical forms of the Territorial Board of the Federal State Statistics Service in the Republic of Bashkortostan were used as source material for the study. The data was applied in case of presence of combination of observations on 54 municipalities and 8 urban okrugs in the dynamics for 2000-2015. The panel regression analysis of was applied as research tool. The results of modeling can be considered in developing target programs of reducing morbidity in particular municipality of the region.

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

47. Prevalence of and factors associated with low Back pain, thoracic spine pain and neck pain in Bashkortostan, Russia: the Ural Eye and Medical Study

Author

Mukharram M, Bikbov, Gyulli M, Kazakbaeva, Rinat M, Zainullin, Venera F, Salavatova, Timur R, Gilmanshin, Inga I, Arslangareeva, Nikolai A, Nikitin, Svetlana R, Mukhamadieva, Dilya F, Yakupova, Songhomitra, Panda-Jonas, Renat I, Khikmatullin, Said K, Aminev, Ildar F, Nuriev, Artur F, Zaynetdinov, Yulia V, Uzianbaeva, and Jost B, Jonas

Subjects
Adult, Aged, 80 and over, Male, Rural Population, Ural eye and medical study, Neck Pain, Urban Population, Back pain, Middle Aged, Bashkiria, Thoracic Vertebrae, Prevalence, Humans, Female, Low Back Pain, Aged, Research Article, Population-based study
Abstract

Background Back pain and neck pain are leading causes of the burden of disease worldwide, while information about their prevalence in Russia is missing. Methods The population-based Ural Eye and Medical Study was conducted in a rural and urban region in Bashkortostan/Russia. As part of a detailed systematic examination, we assessed the prevalence of low back pain, thoracic spine pain and neck pain in an interview with standardized questions in 5397 study participants (mean age:58.6 ± 10.6 years;range:40–94 years). Results The mean prevalence of low back pain, thoracic spine pain and neck pain was 2912/5397 (54.0%;95% confidence interval (CI):52.6,55.3), 1271/5397 (23.6%;95%CI:22.4,24.7), and 1570/5397 (29.1%;95%CI:27.9,30.3), respectively. A higher prevalence of low back pain was associated with females (P = 0.04;odds ratio (OR):1.14;95%CI:1.004,1.30), younger age (P

Published
2019

48. [EPIDEMIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTIONS AND CERVICAL CANCER IN THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN AND THE KALININGRAD REGION].

Author

Olkov IG, Kononova IN, Grishina NK, and Dobrokhotova YE

Subjects
Female, Humans, Early Detection of Cancer, Papillomaviridae genetics, Bashkiria, Prospective Studies, Retrospective Studies, Genotype, Prevalence, Papillomavirus Infections epidemiology, Papillomavirus Infections prevention & control, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms epidemiology, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms diagnosis, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms pathology
Abstract

In the context of improving cancer prevention programs, it becomes relevant to justify the introduction of regional HPV cervical cancer screening programs based on a study of the prevalence of human papillomavirus infection and cervical cancer. Aim: to identify the main patterns of the prevalence of human papillomavirus infection and cervical cancer in Bashkortostan and the Kaliningrad region for the scientific substantiation of the criteria for the adoption of regional screening programs. A prospective analytical cohort single-stage observational examination of 3428 women of the Republic of Bashkortostan and 1246 women of the Kaliningrad region was carried out, as well as a retrospective observational analytical study of cervical cancer incidence in Bashkiria and the Kaliningrad region according to the official statistics from 2011 to 2020 compared to Russian indicators. In Bashkortostan and the Kaliningrad region, HPV DNA was detected in 48.7% and 54.2% of women of reproductive age, respectively, of which HPV of high oncogenic risk (HPV HR) was 51.7 ± 6.2%, and 23.4% were found to have PCM . In the Kaliningrad region, HPV DNA was detected in 47.2% of the women under study, HPV VR - 31.1%, in 25.5% accompanied by cervix uteri diseases. An increase in the incidence is noted in the Kaliningrad region by 38.6% over 10 years, with an annual increase of 3.8%. In Bashkortostan, the growth is demonstrated by 31.8% with an annual increase of 3%, which is significantly higher than in the Russian Federation (13.3%, р=0.001). For 10 years, the prevalence of cervical cancer has increased in the Kaliningrad region by 10.1%, with an average annual increase of 1.1%. In Bashkortostan, the prevalence of CSM increased by 4.7% with an annual increase of 0.3%. The high prevalence of HPV infection among women of reproductive age, the unfavorable dynamics of indicators of cervical HPV-associated oncopathology in remote regions of the Russian Federation (Bashkiria and the Kaliningrad region) is a scientifically based criterion for the reorganization of regional cervical screening programs. The implementation of Organized screening with primary HPV examination with mandatory separate genotyping of types 16 and 18 and the remaining 12 types of HPV HRC in a complex will enhance the effectiveness of ongoing preventive measures and meet international standards.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

49. The trends in disability of adult and children population of the Republic of Bashkortostan in 2000—2015

Author

R A Askarov, R A Davletshin, and Z F Askarova

Subjects
Adult, education.field_of_study, Rehabilitation, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Total disability, Population, General Medicine, Bashkiria, The Republic, Russia, Disability Evaluation, Geography, Agency (sociology), Health care, medicine, Humans, Disabled Persons, Christian ministry, Russian federation, Child, education, business, Demography
Abstract

The article considers dynamics and main indices of primary and total disability of adult and children population in the regions in 2005-2015 as compared to similar indices of the Russian Federation on the basis of the data of Medical Informational Analytical Center of the Ministry of Health Care of the Republic of Bashkortostan, the territorial Agency of Federal Service of State statistics of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The characteristics of indices and their dynamics, structure of leading causes of disability of adult and children population and differences in levels of disability were established. The established tendencies of dynamics of indices of disability in the Republic of Bashkortostan can be taken as a principle in development of programs of prevention of disability and rehabilitation of disable individuals.

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

50. A new brachymetopid trilobite from the Early Permian Shakhtau reef complex of the southwestern Urals, Bashkortostan, Russia

Author

Oles V. Savchuk and Eduard V. Mychko

Subjects
geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, Permian, Arthropoda, Fossils, Myriapoda, Trilobita, Biodiversity, biology.organism_classification, Bashkiria, Trilobite, Russia, Paleontology, Carboniferous, Proetida, Animalia, Animals, Animal Science and Zoology, Subgenus, Reef, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Taxonomy, Brachymetopidae
Abstract

New specimens of trilobites from the Lower Permian limestone reef Shakhtau (Sterlitamak, Bashkortostan, Russia) are described as Brachymetopus (Conimetopus) alekseevi Mychko, sp. nov. Although represented by a limited number of specimens, the new species is significant in extending the stratigraphic distribution of the subgenus Brachymetopus (Conimetopus) Hahn and Hahn, 1985, whose members were previously known exclusively from Carboniferous deposits. Material described previously from the Early Permian (Asselian) of the Chelyabinsk Region is also assigned to the new species.

Published
2019

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results