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A detailed multistep framework combining quantitative structure-activity relationship, global reactivity, absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination properties, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation (MD) on a series of Selective Estrogen Receptor Down-Regulators (SERDs) interacting with Estrogen Receptor α (ERα) has been performed. The partial least squares regression method derived an empirical model with better predictive capability. The results of global reactivity descriptors revealed that all the compounds are considered strong electrophiles, allowing them to participate in polar reactions more easily. The Brain Or IntestinaL EstimateD permeation diagram revealed that compounds 49 and 31 were predicted to be well absorbed by the human gastrointestinal tract and would not enter the brain. The elucidation of the binding mode between the most active compounds that comply with Lipinski’s and Veber’s rules from the dataset and ERα targets was explored by molecular docking. The MD simulations were performed for 100 ns on the best compounds, which indicated their stability state under dynamics simulations. These findings are expected to help predict the anticancer activities of the studied SERD compounds and better understand their binding mechanism with ERα targets. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

Breast cancer BC is the most frequent cancer among women worldwide. Vitamin D inhibits cell proliferation through the vitamin D receptor (VDR), which may have an impact on the risk of BC. This studywas designed to association between VDR (Taq1 T/C)(rs 731236) single nucleotide polymorphism SNP with risk of BC in Iraqi women together with serum levels 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25-(OH) D] and CA 15-3. A case -control study women was carried out at Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, during the period from in the period from to October 2019 to January 2021. It included 95 women with period BC that had not received any chemotherapy. The phenotyping included the measurements of serum CA 15-3 and 25-(OH) D by using ELISA Kits. The genotyping analysis comprised of VDR- Taq1 (T/C) [rs731236] by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis. The mean (±SD) value of serum CA15-3 and 25-(OH)D levels were significantly increase (p < 0.05), in BC women than in control. The risk of BC was significantly increased with VDR Taq 1 SNP (T/C) (rs 731236) in heterozygous and dominant genotypes in women with BC. The TC carriers (OR=1.904, 95% C.I= 1.055, 3.43, X2=4.612, p= 0.03) and dominant TC+CC (OR=1.895, 95%C.I=1.664, 3.37, X2 = 4.75, P= 0.02). Homozygous CC carriers (OR=1.798, 95%C.I = 0.382, 8.457, X2= 0.565, p= 0.45) did not observe significant difference, and border line allele frequency C allele carriers (OR=1.888, 95%C.I=0.941..3.789, X2=3.239, p= 0.07) when compared with wild TT genotype. The significant association between VDR Taq 1 SNP (T/C) (rs 731236) and plasma V D levels among BC women (p= 0.04). In Conclusion the VDR Taq 1 SNP (T/C) (rs 731236) variant could be regarded genetic risk factor for BC development. Vitamin D receptor gene-Taq1 polymorphism was associated with plasma VD.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) women's most prevalent endocrinology condition is a mixture of environmentally and genetically adduced causing PCOS. The relationship between monosaccharide and PCOS is largely unknown. Objective: This research was designed to investigate the relationship between blood levels of fructose, insulin resistance, and androgen hormone in women with PCOS, and the effect of obesity on the obtained result, as well as to study the efficacy of serum fructose as a biomarker in the diagnosis of PCOS. Cases and methods: This case-control research study was conducted at the Gynecology Clinic and Infertility Center, in Baghdad Teaching Hospital / Medical City between November 2021 to March 2022. It involved 120 women between the ages of 18-40 year. Fifty-nine women (cases) were newly diagnosed with PCOS by a gynecologist and 61 age and BMI matched healthy women (controls). PCOS women were subdivided according to their body mass index into four groups: lean, normal weight, overweight and obese. Investigations included serum measurements of fructose, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicular stimulating hormone (FSH), free testosterone, insulin, glucose, and calculated homeostasis model assessment- insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI). Results: The mean ±SD values of serum fructose, glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR were significantly augmented in PCOS women as compared to controls (p< 0.001), while mean value of QUICKI was significantly decreased (p

Nine copolyesters were prepared from a dicarboxylic acid, curcumin analogues (monocarbonyl) and phenophthalene dye in the mole ratio of 2:1:1 by direct polycondensation using triethylamine (Et3N) as the condensation agent. The dicarboxylic used is 2,6-Pyridine dicarbonyl dichloride acid. The curcumin analogues were prepared by acid catalyzed Aldol condensation reaction. These copolyesters were characterized by FT-IR. The fluorescence of the synthesized copolyesters was also investigated. Furthermore, Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) was used to investigate the thermal stability of these copolymers.

Various 2-substituted-1,3-dithiane oxides (1-oxide and 1,3-dioxide) have been metalated and reacted for the first time with a trialkylborane (trioctylborane). The 2-chloro-1,3-dioxide results in migration of an octyl group from boron to carbon with the displacement of chloride and gives nonanoic acid after oxidation, but there is no evidence for a second migration involving displacement of a sulfenate group. The reaction involving lithiation of the 2-methoxy-1-oxide results in two migrations, with the displacement of both the methoxy group and the thiolate unit of the dithiane ring, giving dioctyl ketone after oxidation, but the yield is low, primarily because thiophilic addition of the lithiating agent predominates over lithiation. Again, there is no evidence for the displacement of the sulfenate unit. However, the intermediate prior to oxidation can be treated with trifluoroacetic anhydride to induce a Pummerer rearrangement, and the presumed trifluoroacetoxyalkylthiolate group then acts as a novel leaving group and is displaced, resulting in trioctylmethanol on oxidation, but the yield is again very low.

This article investigates the transmission of the meta-substituent, X, effect to the carbon β (Cβ) of 17 different styrenes (X-C6H4-CH═CYZ) using the literature 13C substituent chemical shift (SCS) of Cβ. The 13C SCSs of Cβ were modeled by Reynolds substituent field σF and resonance σR constants. The model is considered a dual substituent parameter model, SCS = ρFσF + ρRσR. The coefficients of determination of the modeled 13C SCS for the 17 series fall between 0.9878 and 0.9983. The π-polarization concept was used to rationalize the field and resonance effects felt at Cβ. The ρF values of the meta-series were all lower than the para-series ρF values. The substituent field effect transmits to Cβ from Cipso. The substituent resonance effect transmits from Cipso to Cβ initially through the π-bond to Cortho and Cpara, next to the side chain, and then the generated charge will induce the vinyl group via π-polarization. The ρF felt at Cβ was almost double the ρR when compared with the short distance between Cmeta and Cβ, as opposed to Cortho and Cpara. Stabilization of the π-polarization of the vinyl group will increase, with the field and resonance effects felt at Cβ and vice versa.

Studies of a catalytic asymmetric version of the Matteson reaction between dichloromethylboronates and organolithium reagents have been undertaken. From several different chiral catalytic systems studied, only one based on a mannitol derivative has given substantial asymmetric induction close to that previously achieved with a bis(oxazoline) derivative and ytterbium triflate. More detailed study of the latter reaction revealed that fresh ytterbium triflate actually reduced the level of asymmetric induction, while "aged" ytterbium triflate, or a fresh sample that had been treated with water, brought about improved induction. The implications of these findings are discussed.

Lipids are a major component of the cell membrane, essential for the growth and division of both the normal and malignant cell. This study aimed to study the effect of different chemotherapy regimens in the induction of dyslipidemia in Iraqi women with breast cancer. This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Biochemistry, Medical College, University of Baghdad and at the Oncology Hospital, Medical City Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq, during the period from May 2018 to October 2018. It involved 56 regularly menstruated women (25-45 years) categorized into: group 1 [G1] included 29 women with primary breast carcinoma, group 2 [G2] consisted of the same 29 women of G1 but after finishing the first course of treatment [4 cycles of anthracycline chemotherapy], and group 3 [G3] which involved 27 women who completed full regimen of chemotherapy treatment [course 1 and 4 cycles of taxanes; the course 2]. Serum cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) and TG were measured using colorimetric methods. The mean (± SEM) of serum cholesterol was significantly increased in G1 (p< 0.05) and G2 (p

Heart-type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP) also referred to as mammary­ derived growth inhibitor is a polypeptide structure that in humans transcribed by FABP3 gene. It is preferred to be investigated in combination with troponin to the diagnosis of myocardial infarction in patients suffering from chest pain. This study aims to evaluate the role of H­ FABP in early diagnosis of MI in comparison with new generation cardiac troponin (hs-c'Tn) and to differentiate patients with ischemic chest pain from non-ischemic ones. This case-control study was performed at the Department of Biochemistry, Medical school, University of Baghdad, during the period from December 2017 to August 2018. It involved 36 patients presented with chest pain; 18 ischemic patients (AMI) and 18 non- ischemic patients (non-AMI) who served as pathological control. Serum investigations included measurements of FABP and hs-c'I'n using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The mean (±SD) value of serum FABP levels at 1-3 hours did not differ significantly between ischemic and non- ischemic subjects, while it was significantly increased at 6-9 hours in ischemic patients (p< 0.001). However, the mean value of serum levels of hs-c'I'n was significantly higher in AMI patients than in non- AMI ones at 1-3 hours (p

The recent new contagion coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) disease is a new generation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 SARS-CoV-2 which infected millions confirmed cases and hundreds of thousands death cases around the world so far. Molecular docking combined with molecular dynamics is one of the most important tools of drug discovery and drug design, which it used to examine the type of binding between the ligand and its protein enzyme. Global reactivity has important properties, which enable chemists to understand the chemical reactivity and kinetic stability of compounds. In this study, molecular docking and reactivity were applied for eighteen drugs, which are similar in structure to chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, the potential inhibitors to angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2). Those drugs were selected from DrugBank. The reactivity, molecular docking and molecular dynamics were performed for two receptors ACE2 and [SARS-CoV-2/ACE2] complex receptor in two active sites to find a ligand, which may inhibit COVID-19. The results obtained from this study showed that Ramipril, Delapril and Lisinopril could bind with ACE2 receptor and [SARS-CoV-2/ACE2] complex better than chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine. This new understanding should help to improve predictions of the impact of such alternatives on COVID-19. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

Background: Lipids seem to have a direct influence in women breast cancer (BC) or dyslipidemia may be a consequence of this cancer. Objective: the aim of this study is to define serum levels of lipid profile in women with breast cancer (BC) and to compare that with fibroadenoma benign breast tumor. Also, to assess the role of serum CA 15-3 in early diagnosis of breast cancer (BC). Patients and Methods: This case study was carried out at Biochemistry Department, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, during the period from February 2017 to November 2017. It included 38 Iraqi women diagnosed with primary breast cancer (BC, Group-I) and 25 women with Fibroadenoma of benign breast tumor (FA, Group-II). Women with BC were sub divided according to their stage of BC into: stage I (n=12), stage II (n=14), and stage III (n=12). Investigations included serum measurements of CA 15-3 and lipid profile (Total Cholesterol, Triglyceride, LDL-Cholesterol and HDL-Cholesterol). Results: The mean value of CA15-3 in breast cancer women was found to be significantly higher (p

Background: Vitamin D and Leptin appears to play a range of roles in beta cell growth and insulin secretion and most importantly interaction with other hormonal mediators and regulators of energy and metabolism. Objective: The aim of this study was to measure serum leptin and vitamin D levels and to investigate their relationships with vitamin D and other clinical laboratory parameters in patients with type II diabetes. Subjects and Methods: Blood samples were taken from 80 patients with type II diabetes mellitus encountered during their attending the Internal Medicine clinic consultancy in Ramadi Teaching Hospital and the National Diabetes Center for Treatment and Research at Al-Mustansiriya University and 60 healthy subject. From December 2014 to November 2015. Investigations included serum Leptin, 25OHD, Insulin, HbA1c using ELISA and biochemical test.Results: The median concentration of serum 25 OH vitamin D of patients (15.70 ng/ ml) was significantly lower than healthy controls (20.27 ng/ ml). The rate of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) was significantly higher in patients (82.5%) than healthy controls (48.3%). The serum insulin and HOMA-IR were significant increase in patients had vitamin D < 20 ng/ml when compared with an insufficient/normal group. There were no significant differences in leptin levels between type II DM and healthy control. Conclusion: These results strongly support the role of vitamin D deficiency and serum leptin in pathogenesis of type II diabetes.

Objectives To investigate the role of serum anti mullerian hormone (AMH) pre-chemotherapy treatment levels in prediction of post-chemotherapy effect on the ovarian reserve of women with breast cancer. Methods This cohort prospective study was carried out at the Biochemistry Department, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad and at the Oncology Clinic, Oncology Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq. It included 58 women with regular menstrual cycle (25-45 years) who were newly diagnosed with breast cancer. The women were classified into 3 groups: GI: 30 women with breast cancer before starting chemotherapy, GII: the same 30 women of GI who finished 4 cycles of anthracycline chemotherapy (course 1) and GIII: which involved another 28 women who had finished both courses of chemotherapy, (course 1) and (course 2). Results The mean (±SEM) value of AMH levels was significantly decreased in GII and GIII when compared with GI (for both, p less than 0.0005). However, there was no significant difference in serum AMH levels between GII and GIII. Conclusion The measurement of serum AMH may be a useful biochemical marker of the chemotherapy extent induced ovarian reserve damage and the incidence of amenorrhea.

Known reagents that transfer three alkyl groups of a trialkylborane intramolecularly to a single carbon atom lack features to influence stereochemistry. We have investigated four reagents of type LiCCl2X, where X might be amenable to variation. All behaved differently. With X=OR (R=cyclohexyl, menthyl), the reagent decomposed, leading to only low yields of triple migration products. With X=S(O)Ph, a single migration occurred, followed by isomerisation to boron enolate-like species that hydrolysed to α-chloroalkyl phenyl sulfoxides or reacted with aldehydes to aldol-like products. With X=SO2Ph, the major product was the corresponding α,α-dichloroalkyl phenyl sulfone, apparently formed through a redox reaction. With X=S(O)(NMe)Ph, products of three intramolecular alkyl migrations were obtained with unhindered trialkylboranes. Attempts have been made to gain understanding of the sulfoxide process by investigating proportions of aldol-like products, using X-ray crystallography and ab initio calculations.

To establish a quantitative structure-activity relationship, 54 indazole derivatives were analyzed by multiple linear regression MLR. The DFT-B3LYP method, with the basis set 6-311G, was performed to define the structure, chemical reactivity and properties of the compounds. This study was accompanied by molecular docking, global reactivity descriptors, absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination (ADME) properties on a series of 21 compounds of selective estrogen receptor degraders (SERDs) that present the most active compounds from the dataset. The MLR regression equation displayed a good agreement between fitted and observed biological activities. A high average R2Boots greater than 0.5 indicates that the obtained model has good predictive power and robustness. In addition, an average value of R2pred (0.57) approximately equal to 0.6 may be taken as an indicator of good external predictability. The interactions between the most active compounds from the indazole series and ERα targets were explored through a molecular docking to elucidate the binding mode between the studied compounds and corresponding protein. Based on this study compounds 14, 43, 8 and 45 have no violated Lipinski’s rule of five and Veber’s rule, suggesting that these compounds would not have problems with oral bioavailability. Most of global reactivity results have an agreement with those obtained in this docking study.

Objectives: To evaluate the role of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and inhibin B in the evaluation of the effectiveness of short- (3 months) and long-term (6 months or more) metformin therapy in Iraqi women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out at the Biochemistry Department, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq from June 2010 to May 2011. It included 38 volunteers of women patients with PCOS, aged 18-38 years, who were classified into: Group I (GI, n=20); Group II included women in GI that were followed up after they were treated with metformin hydrochloride tablet 500 mg 3 times daily for 3 months; and GIII included 18 women that were already on metformin hydrochloride treatment 500 mg tablet 3 times daily for 6 months to 3 years. Investigations included serum measurement of insulin, AMH, inhibin B, androgen hormones using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and mini Vidus techniques. Results: The mean ± standard error of the mean value of serum AMH levels was significantly decreased in post metformin treatment women (3 months; GII) compared with those before treatment (GI), and those women on prolonged treatment (GIII) ( p

Slothful life style and lack of regular physical activity are the main causes of obesity, obesity- induced metabolic disorders. The aims of this study were to consolidation the harmony of serum Irisin with rats' fat development. Thinking over the innovation, can Irisin be therapeutic for metabolic disorders without regular exercise. This prospective experimental study was included 120 Western rats. The study had undergo two lines first was the correction of inducible obesity & diabetes; second was the prevention of mentioned inducible conditions, both lines was done by subjecting the rats to subcutaneous injection of prepared Irisin solution (100 ng/ml). Inducible obese type 2 diabetic (T2DM) rats had significantly higher serum Irisin, insulin level & fasting glucose (S.F.G.) in comparison with inducible obese rats & normal weight rats. Obese rats that were injected with 100 ng/ml of recombinant Irisin had highly significant lower weight mean and S.F.G. than obese rats control . Established diabetic rats with Irisin injection was significantly corrected, with their weight , serum glucose , and insulin after 26 days of irisin treatment. Findings showed that Irisin may act as reformation effect on new onset type 2 diabetics' rats; as well as it may have intensive defiance against fatness . Keywords -Irisin, Obese Rats, Insulin Resistance ,Obesity Treatment Diabetic Rats, Rat Obesity Induction.

A series of new Cu(II), Pt(II), VO(II), Fe(II), and Co(II) complexes (1--5) with 3-methyl-6,7-diphenyllumazine are described. Similarly, complexes from 2-thiouracil with Cu(II) (6,7) and Pt(II) (8) have been prepared and characterized by spectroscopic methods. All the complexes were assayed for their anti-HIV-1 and HIV-2 activity by examination of their inhibition of HIV-induced cytopathogenicity in MT-4 cells. Compound 3 was found to be the most active inhibitor against HIV-2 in cell culture (EC50 = >18.9 μ g/mL, selectivity index (SI) = 3), which provided a good lead for further optimization. Compounds 6 and 7 exhibited some activity (EC50 = >7.12 μ g/mL and >2.23 μ g/mL) against HIV-1 and HIV-2, but no selectivity was observed (SI

Quantum chemical investigations on para-substituted styrenyl fullerene derivatives with substituents linked to para position of styrenyl group have been carried out. The density functional theory (DFT) have been used in this study with B3LYP functional and the modest 3-21G* basis sets. The substituents were variable donating and withdrawing to study the effect of such structural change on the structural and electronic properties of the studied molecules.

Mulliken charges are reported for series of para -substituted styrenyl fullerene by using dual substituent parameter (Reynolds’s model). The Mulliken charges (Q M ) are calculated by performing density functional theory (B3LYP/3-21G*). Effects of the substituents on the different carbon atoms were also studied in detail. It was found that ρ F and ρ R being negative for C-α which is indicating a reverse field and resonance effects, respectively. While normal substituent effect apparent at C-β. The results suggest that there are two types of electronic factors namely localized and extended π-polarization responsible for these effects.

The Yukawa–Tsuno (Y–T) and Reynolds dual substituent parameter (DSP) models have been used to model 13C substituent chemical shift (SCS) of the Cβ atom of 19 series of para-substituted styrenes (X-C6H4CRCYW) with variable electronic and structural demands in the side-chain. The best fit of the Y–T model was better than that of the Reynolds DSP model for most of the studied series. A high correlation was found between the ρ value of the Y–T model and ρF value of the Reynolds DSP model. The ρ value, which reflects the sensitivity of 13Cβ SCS to the substituent field effect, was found to be influenced by the group W on the Cβ atom. A W group that enhances the para-substituent π-polarization of the side-chain has a higher ρ value than its counterpart W groups that induce counter π-polarization in the side-chain. The series with W in an E-configuration to the aryl ring has higher ρ value than corresponding Z series. A lower ρ value is observed when W induces a counter π-polarization of the side-chain (as with NO2 and COMe) or when the R substituent imposes a 65° dihedral angle between the side-chain and the para-substituted benzene ring (as with t-Bu). When the W group is a heterocyclic ring, the closer the heteroatom is to Cβ, the lower the ρ value is due to the greater counter π-polarization. The two components of the substituent effect on 13Cβ SCS, namely the field effect and resonance effect, behave inversely. The resonance demand (r+ value) increases, as the Y and/or W groups become more electron-withdrawing (EW). The series with W as a hetrocyclic ring develop negative charge at the carbon atom of the hetrocyclic ring adjacent to Cβ (and to which the styryl moiety is attached) and has a lower r+ value than those which fail to do so. The lowest r+ value was for those series with a 65° dihedral angle. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

To investigate the andropause phenomenon in Iraqi healthy subjects by evaluating serum free testosterone (FT) concentrations in association with age.This study was carried out at the Biochemistry Department, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, between February 2012 and October 2012. This cross sectional control subject's study included 251 healthy Iraqi men with an age range of 20-82 years. Subjects were divided into variant age groups, group 1 (20-40 years, n=16), group 2 (40-60 years, n=165) and group 3 (60-82 years, n=70), group A-I (50 years, n=137) and group A-II (/=50 years, n=114), and group B-I (60 years, n=215) and group B-II (/=60 years, n=36). Serum FT concentrations were measured by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique.The results revealed significant negative correlation between serum FT concentrations and the age values of the studied subjects (r= -0.231, p=0.0001). The mean (+/-SEM) value of serum FT concentrations was significantly decreased in group 3 when compared with that of group 1 (p0.009) and group 2 (p=0.031) as well as in group BII than in group BI (p=0.043).This study found significant decline in serum FT level, the gold test for andropause phenomenon, in healthy male subjects in age-related changes and the cutoff at which such significant decrease occurred is at 60 years of age and above.

The reactions of bromomethyllithium with tert-alkylboronic esters could be of great potential for the formation of quaternary carbon centers, but often give poor yields/conversions. Calculations and experimental evidence show that tert-alkyl groups migrate less effectively than other types of alkyl group in such reactions, and that O migration competes. Furthermore, slow/incomplete capture of the bromomethyl reagent by the boronic ester is a problem in more hindered systems, and an additional competing reaction, possibly Li-Br exchange on the bromomethylborate species, also leads to lower yields of migrated products. Based on this, experimental protocols have been devised in which the competing reactions are largely suppressed, leading to higher conversions to migrated product for several substrates.

Background: Recently on the dermatological fields, the serum levels and the roles of Zn, Cu and Mg have been studied especially in acne vulgaris, but the results were controversial. Objective: The aim of the present study is to investigate a relationship between the severity of acne and the serum levels of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and magnesium (Mg) in Iraqi males. Subjects and Methods: This case controlled study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Baghdad University, in the Dermatology and Venereology and in the Poisoning Consultation Center of Baghdad Teaching Hospital between May 2009 to January 2010. Forty- five male patients with acne vulgaris, their ages ranged from 18-30 [21.82 ± 3.77, as (mean ± SD)] years and 45 healthy male subjects as controls, their ages ranged from 18-30 (22.18 ± 3.85) years were included in this study. Patients were subdivided into three groups according to the severity of their acne; mild acne group (n=15), moderate (n=15) and severe acne group (n=15). Investigations included serum estimation of Zn, Cu and Mg in both patient and control groups. Results: The (mean ± SD) values of serum levels of Zn, Cu and Mg did not differ significantly between the patient [all severities combined] and control groups. However, serum Zn level was significantly decreased in severe acne group compared with controls (P=0.0001), mild-(P=0.0001) and moderate-(P=0.003) acne groups. Serum Mg concentration was significantly lower in severe acne group compared with mild acne group (P

To evaluate the association of growth hormone (GH), and insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1) in the production of male sex hormones and the severity of acne in Iraqi male patients, and to assess their role in development of secondary hyperlipidemia in such patients.We conducted this case-control study and single-center measurement of hormones and selected biochemical parameters in a cohort of volunteer males in the Department of Biochemistry College of Medicine, Baghdad University, and in the Dermatology Department, Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Iraq, from January 2010 to November 2010.The mean serum levels of GH and IGF-1 of severe acne patients were significantly increased when compared with mild-, moderate acne patients, and healthy controls (p=0.0001). Also, the mean serum total testosterone, androstenedione, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) levels were significantly increased in severe acne compared with those of mild- (p=0.0001), moderate acne patients (p=0.005), and healthy males (p=0.0001). The mean values of lipid parameters significantly differed in severe acne patients in comparison with other acne groups and controls (p=0.004). The results also revealed a significant correlation between the studied parameters.The study showed a significant elevation of serum GH and IGF-1, which enhanced androgen hormone production and the development of severe acne. These patients may develop hyperlipidemia secondary to their hyperandrogenism.

Density functional theory (DFT) method at the level of B3LYP with 6–311G(d) basis set was used to investigate the effects of a variety of substituents (H, NH2, NMe2, OCH3, CH3, Cl, Br, CN, NO2) on the electronic and structural properties of 2,4-diamino-5-p-substituted-phenyl-6-ethyl-pyrimidines. The investigation showed that the atomization energy was affected by substitution. Likewise, the molecular orbitals HOMO and LUMO and energy gap ΔE were affected by the substituent. Dipole moment was also affected by the introduction of the substituent. On the other hand, the Mulliken charges at only C1′, C2 and N7, were correlated with both MSP and DSP models.

Background:The most principal mechanisms of cardiomyopathies are;high preload and afterload and low myocardial contractility, imbalance of trace elements may cause myocardial metabolic dysfunction and may have a role in aetiology of cardiomyopathy, particulary in IDC. Trace elements are being increasingly recognized as essential mediators of the development and progression of heart diseases. Methods: Study design Multi case-control study and single center estimation of trace elements concentrations in a number of volunteer settings this study was conducted in the Department of Cardiology, Ibn Albitar Hospital, and in the Physiological Chemistry Department of the College of Medicine, Baghdad University, from June 2005 to July 2006. Subjects Twenty-five patients with IDC, 15 patients with ICM, 16 patients with coronary artery disease(CAD) who have normal LV function, and seventeen healthy individuals as controls were included in this study. Investigations included serum estimation of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and magnesium (Mg) concentrations in these groups of patients and controls. Results: The mean (±SD) value of serum zinc was significantly decreased in CAD patients compared with controls (P< 0.003). Serum Cu values (mean±SD) were significantly higher in IDC, ICM and CAD groups than in controls (P< 0.0001, P< 0.002, and P< 0.007, respectively). Serum Mg (mean±SD) value was significantly decreased in ICM patients compared to controls (P

To find out the frequency of nonclassical congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency among Iraqi healthy male individuals versus male patients with acne vulgaris.This case-control study and single-center examination of hormone levels in a cohort of volunteers was conducted in the Department of Dermatology, Baghdad Teaching Hospital, and in the Physiological Chemistry Department of the College of Medicine, Baghdad University, Baghdad, Iraq, from September 2007 to February 2008.The frequency of 21-hydroxylase enzyme deficiency in healthy male subjects was 1:43 (2.3%), while in male patients with acne vulgaris, this was 6:43 (13.95%). Serum 17-hydroxyprogesterone (OHP) levels were statistically and significantly elevated in male patients with acne vulgaris compared with healthy male controls (p=0.020). The serum total cortisol level was significantly reduced in patients with acne vulgaris in comparison with that of healthy controls (p=0.022).These results support the necessity of inclusion of the 21-alpha hydroxylase enzyme activity (serum 17-OHP level) screening test in acne patients.

A-I I ةعوجمو ،)137=ددعلا ،ماع 50 نم ربكأ( A-I )215=ددعلا ،ماع 60 نم لقأ( B-I ةعومجمو ،)114=ددعلا ،ماع زيكرت سايق تم امك .)36=ددعلا ،ماع 60 نم ربكأ( B-II ةعومجمو .ازيلأ ةينقت مادختساب نوريتسوتست نومره نومره زيكرت ينب يسكع يئاصحإ طابترا ةساردلا ترهظأ :جئاتنلا . )r= -0.231, p=0.0001 ةساردلا دارفأ ىدل رمعلاو نوريتسوتست كلذو ةثلاثلا ةعومجلما يف نوريتسوتست نومره زيكرت لدعم ضفخنا ةيناثلا ةعومجلماو )p