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Introduction. Histopathological findings of various inclusions were reported in the central nervous system of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients but not in the peripheral nerves. Case report. We present a 66-year-old man with lower limb weakness, with later development of weakness in the upper limbs and loss of sphincter control. Neurological examination showed the affection of both upper and lower motor neurons. He had paresthesia on the left side of his body and socks-distribution numbness. Histopathology of the sural nerve and genetic report showed basophilic periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive intra-axonal inclusions and heterozygous L144F mutation in the exon 5 of the SOD1 gene. Conclusion. It seems that the presence of the basophilic peripheral nerve inclusions may suggest a diagnosis of SOD1-positive ALS.

As gender-affirming surgery is becoming more common, it is important for pathologists to recognize potential benign findings to avoid misinterpretation. Cervical transitional cell metaplasia and superficial clusters of small basophilic cells have been described in the context of gender-affirming testosterone therapy; these findings may be misdiagnosed as high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions or endometrial cells on Pap smears. Prostatic metaplasia has been reported in the surface squamous epithelium of the vagina and the uterine cervix in individuals undergoing gender-affirming androgen therapy; this finding is often associated with NKX3.1-positive basal keratinocytes. The aim of this study was to assess the morphological and immunohistochemical features of the uterine cervix in gender-affirming hysterectomies in comparison with benign hysterectomies from cisgender women.We assessed the morphological and immunohistochemical features of the uterine cervix in 49 gender-affirming hysterectomies as compared with 57 hysterectomies from cisgender patients to establish the relative prevalences of surface prostatic metaplasia, NKX3.1-positive basal keratinocytes, transitional cell metaplasia, and small basophilic cells in the cervical squamous epithelium. The cervical tissue from the gender-affirming therapy cohort showed significantly higher prevalences of NKX3.1-positive basal keratinocytes (86% versus 1.8%), transitional cell metaplasia (80% versus 3.5%), superficial clusters of small basophilic cells (67% versus 7%), and surface prostatic metaplasia (43% versus 3.5%).NKX3.1-positive basal keratinocytes, transitional cell metaplasia, small basophilic cells and surface prostatic metaplasia are all more prevalent in the cervices of individuals receiving gender-affirming testosterone therapy; awareness of this fact allows pathologists to avoid the overdiagnosis of dysplasia or the recommendation of unnecessary follow-up procedures.

A juvenile, male tiger shark ( Galeocerdo cuvier) developed illness after capture in Florida waters and was euthanized. Gross lesions included mild skin abrasions, hepatic atrophy, and coelomic fluid. Histologically, gills contained multifocal lamellar epithelial cell necrosis and thromboses. Scattered gill and esophageal epithelial cells had large, basophilic, intracytoplasmic, and intranuclear inclusions. Ultrastructurally, lamellar epithelial cells contained arrays of intracytoplasmic viral particles and scattered intranuclear nucleocapsids. Capsulated virions were 148 ± 11 nm with an 84 ± 8 nm icosahedral nucleocapsid and an electron-dense core. Next-generation sequencing, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and in situ hybridization performed on formalin-fixed tissue confirmed a herpes-like viral infection. The viral polymerase shared 24% to 31% protein homology with other alloherpesviruses of fish, indicating a divergent virus. This report documents the pathologic findings associated with a molecularly confirmed novel herpes-like virus in an elasmobranch.

Spindle cell lipoma (SCL) is one of the uncommon variants of benign lipoma. It often shows difficulty in diagnosis because it has clinically and histopathologically similar findings with pleomorphic adenoma (PA) and Warthin tumor, and its MR images show relatively lots of variants. In this case report, a 64-year-old male, who was finally diagnosed as SCL is reported. The process to the final diagnosis was challenging due to untypical MR images and the existence of spindle cells. The clinical examination of the patient showed a soft and painless swelling in the preauricular area with approximately 2 cm in diameter. The MR images showed a 2 cm diameter-circular lesion with cleared margin and internal heterogenous structure, which consisted of hyperintensity in the short-tau inversion recovery images, hypointensity in T1-weighted images and moderate hyperintensity with internal heterogenous structure in T2-weighted images. Under the clinical diagnosis of pleomorphic adenoma, surgical resection was performed. Fibrous capsule admixed with mature adipocyte and basophilic mucoid substances were observed histopathologically. Immunohistochemical examinations revealed that spindle cells were positive for CD34, and Bcl-2 adipocytes were positive for S-100. On the basis of these findings, the specimen was finally diagnosed as SCL of the parotid gland. The divergence between clinical and pathological diagnosis is highly influenced by MR images, and this case report could append a new insight into the MR images of SCL.

Pilomatricoma is a benign tumor arising in the head and neck region or upper limbs, described by relatively few oral surgery articles. A pilomatricoma is usually a single lesion and appears in children and young adults. We present a case of multiple pilomatricomas in a middle-aged woman. A 52-year-old woman was referred with suspected sialolithiasis in the left submandibular gland. A computed tomography (CT) scan revealed five globular high-density lesions within the neck and head. Ultrasonographic (US) examinations were performed on these five lesions. All of them were located under the skin and had oval shapes. Excisional biopsy was performed on the left submandibular lesion. Microscopically, under the fibroconnective tissue, lamellar bone, eosinophilic calcified structure, a basophilic portion with enucleated cells and shadow cells (ghost cells) were observed. However, typical basaloid cells were rare. After informed consent was obtained from the patient, follow-up observation was performed. There were no recurrences after excisional biopsy, and the other four lesions showed no change in their size or clinical features after two years of observation.

The genus Megalocytivirus includes viruses known to cause significant disease in aquacultured fish stocks. Herein, we report the complete genome sequences of two megalocytiviruses (MCVs) isolated from diseased albino rainbow sharks Epalzeorhynchos frenatum reared on farms in the United States in 2018 and 2019. Histopathological examination revealed typical megalocytivirus microscopic lesions (i.e., basophilic cytoplasmic inclusions) that were most commonly observed in the spleen and kidney. Transmission electron microscopic examination of spleen and kidney tissues from specimens of the 2018 case revealed hexagonally shaped virus particles with a mean diameter of 153 ± 6 nm (n = 20) from opposite vertices and 131 ± 5 nm (n = 20) from opposite faces. Two MCV-specific conventional PCR assays confirmed the presence of MCV DNA in the collected samples. Full genome sequencing of both 2018 and 2019 Epalzeorhynchos frenatus iridoviruses (EFIV) was accomplished using a next-generation sequencing approach. Phylogenomic analyses revealed that both EFIV isolates belong to the infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) genotype within the genus Megalocytivirus. This study is the first report of ISKNV in albino rainbow sharks.

Aim: Background: Voluminous of the anti-tumor drugs in practice known to yield adverse side effects for instance hepatotoxicity. Objective: This preliminary was carried out to ascertain the histological change after treatment with Sorafenib (SOR) before execution the B17 coadministration and detection of the histochemical change in Ascites Carcinoma mice model (EAC). Methods: In total 12 Swiss albino mice received intraperitoneal injections of Sorafenib (30 mg/ kg mouse) after tumor cells were injected, semi quantifiable scoring of the architectural disparitiesvalidated by histo-pathological inspection of mice tissues. Results: Upsurge of Liver enzymes, Kidney functions and significant reduction after SOR treatment of Hb, RBCs, and Platelets. Membrane integrity, Separation of muscle fiber, Intrusion of inflammatory cells, Edematous intramuscular space were evaluated in addition, liver tissue revealed large focal area and diffuse pleomorphic darkly basophilic cells in the perivascular area around the dilated central vein (CV) besides the mild dilation of some blood sinusoids. Improvement in the histological pictures of hepatic tissues in comparison to EAC bearing positive control group were enhanced Conclusion: Sorafenib showed alterations in histological mice tissues, however, improvements in biochemical parameters were noted; that’s why the Coadministration of B17 will be applied to alleviate the side effects of Sorafenib on the next perspective study.

Objective : This article objective is to describe cytology diagnosis difficulties of yolk sac tumors of the ovary. Method : Case reports and literature review. Case : The author reports the case of a 24 year old woman who complained of an enlarged stomach. Serum AFP increased to 16,519.7 U/mL. Ultrasound examination revealed solid and irregular mass of ovarian, so the conclusion was suspect ovarian carcinoma. Conclusion of CT scan examination was a solid ovarian tumor. The working diagnosis was suspect ovarian carcinoma. Optimal debulking was performed, accompanied by taking a sample from the peritoneal rinse fluid. Microscopic examination of peritoneal fluid showed the distribution and group of cells with pleomorphic nuclei, partly hyperchromatic, partly vesicular with coarse chromatin and prominent nucleoli. There were also cells with polygonal nuclei, small nuclei, basophilic and vacuole cytoplasm with a mucoid background. These cells formed a solid arrangement. Conclusion from these features was carcinoma metastases to the peritoneal fluid. Microscopic examination from tumor tissue sample showed an ovarian yolk sac tumor appearance. Conclusion : Cytologic examination of peritoneal fluid in cases of ovarian yolk sac tumor is quite difficult to determine the diagnosis. This is due to the microscopic appearance of tumor cells which often looks like a carcinoma and limited literature about this tumors in the peritoneal fluid. Keywords: Yolk sac tumor, ovary

Acute basophilic leukaemia (ABL) is a rare subtype of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML); therefore, few data are available about its biology. Herein, we analysed two ABL patients using flow cytometry and next-generation sequencing (NGS). Two cell populations were detected by flow cytometry in both patients. In Case no. 1, blasts (CD34+ , CD203c- , CD117+ , CD123dim+ ) and basophils (CD34- , CD203c+ , CD117± , CD123+ ) were identified, both of which were found by NGS to harbour the 17p deletion and have loss of heterozygosity of TP53. In Case no. 2, blasts (CD33+ , CD34+ , CD123- ) and basophils (CD33+ , CD34+ , CD123+ ) were identified. NGS detected NPM1 mutations in either blasts or basophils, and TET2 in both. These data suggest an overlap of the mutational landscape of ABL and AML, including TP53 and TET2 mutations. Moreover, additional mutations or epigenetic factors may contribute for the differentiation into basophilic blasts.

A case of a female, 10-year-old rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) with spontaneous chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis is presented. At necropsy, the thyroid gland was slightly enlarged, with up to 2 mm large, round, confluent, beige foci on the surface of both lobes. Histopathologic features resembled human Hashimoto's thyroiditis: multifocally, the interstitium was infiltrated by lymphocytes and variably sized lymphoid follicles. In the pituitary gland, there were increased numbers of large, basophilic cells throughout the adenohypophysis. Using a human electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA), no autoantibodies against thyroglobulin, thyroid peroxidase, or thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor were detected.

Microsecretory adenocarcinoma (MSA) is a recently described salivary gland tumor with a characteristic histologic and immunophenotypic profile and recurrent MEF2C-SS18 fusions. Because only six cases of MSA have been published, its complete clinicopathologic spectrum is unclear, and its biologic behavior has not been documented. Here, we present an updated and expanded experience of 24 MSA cases. All cases of MSA were obtained from the authors’ files. Immunohistochemistry for S100, SOX10, p63, p40, SMA, calponin, and mammaglobin was performed. Molecular analysis was performed by targeted RNA sequencing, SS18 break apart fluorescence in situ hybridization, and/or reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for MEF2C-SS18 fusion. Clinical follow-up was obtained from medical records. A total of 24 MSA cases were collected, from 13 women and 11 men, ranging from 17 to 83 years (mean 49.5 years). The vast majority (23 of 24) arose in the oral cavity, with the palate (n = 14) and buccal mucosa (n = 6) as the most frequent subsites. Tumors showed consistent histologic features including: (1) microcystic tubules, (2) flattened intercalated duct-like cells, (3) monotonous oval hyperchromatic nuclei, (4) abundant basophilic luminal secretions, (5) fibromyxoid stroma, and (6) circumscribed borders with subtle infiltration. The tumors were very consistently positive for S100 (24 of 24), p63 (24 of 24), and SOX10 (14 of 14) and negative for p40 (0 of 21), calponin (0 of 12) and mammaglobin (0 of 16), while SMA (4 of 20) was variable. MEF2C-SS18 fusion was demonstrated in 21 of 24 cases; in the remaining 3 cases with insufficient RNA, SS18 break apart FISH was positive. Treatment information was available in 17 cases, all of which were managed with surgery only. In 14 cases with follow-up (1–216 months, mean 30), no cases recurred or metastasized. MSA is a distinct salivary gland neoplasm with remarkably consistent clinical, histologic, immunophenotypic, and genetic features that generally behaves in an indolent manner following surgery alone. These observations solidify MSA as a unique, low-grade salivary gland carcinoma that warrants inclusion in the next version of the WHO classification of head and neck tumors.

Summary An uncommon case of metastatic sebaceous carcinoma from an 8-year-old female Boerboel dog was presented to the Truthmiles Veterinary Hospital Lagos, Nigeria. The protruding neoplastic mass was about 6 × 5 × 4 cm with a crater of about 2 cm deep oozing out purulent exudate on the left prescapular region of the left forelimb. After cytological and haematological evaluations, the tumour was processed histopathologically and immunohistochemically. Cytologically, the neoplastic cells appeared individually and in clusters. Cluster cells were round to oval. The nuclei were hyperchromatic, pleomorphic and exhibiting marked anisonucleoliosis. The cytoplasm was moderately basophilic and contained numerous varying sized fine vacuoles. Haematology revealed normocytic normochromic anaemia. Histopathology showed tumour cells characterized by variable degree of sebaceous differentiation, cellular and nuclear pleomorphism, metastases with considerable numbers of mitotic figures. Immunohistochemical evaluation showed strong positive cytoplasmic pan-cytokeratin expression and negative immunoreactivity for S-100 protein. In conclusion, the gross, cytological, histopathological and immunohistochemical features were suggestive of sebaceous carcinoma. To the author's knowledge, this appear to be the first reported case of sebaceous carcinoma in Boerboel breed.

Hybrid odontogenic tumors are sporadic, where the distinctive areas of more than one odontogenic tumor tissue type have been reported. The occurrence of adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) with calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (CEOT) like areas histologically simulating salivary gland pathology is an unusual finding that has not been previously reported in the literature. We report the case of a 32-year-old female presenting with slow-growing firm swelling, radiographically as a pear-shaped radiolucent lesion in the interdental region of maxillary incisors. Histologically, the tissue showed nests and anastomosing strands of the bland cuboidal to squamoid epithelial cells showing nuclear pleomorphism, hyperchromatism, and abundant cytoplasm with prominent intercellular bridges focally. Multiple basophilic calcifications, amyloid-like material, duct-like formation, and mucinous spillage are seen. Tumor cells showed immunopositivity for CK 7, CK 19, CK 8/18 and low Ki67, p63, and immunonegativity for S100 suggesting of a hybrid lesion of CEOT with AOT.

Pure erythroid leukemia (PEL) is a rare, aggressive subtype of acute myeloid leukemia with a poor prognosis. The diagnosis of PEL is often medically urgent, quite challenging, and is typically a diagnosis of exclusion requiring meticulous distinction from non-neoplastic erythroid proliferations, particularly florid erythroid hyperplasia/regeneration. Given the frequency of TP53 mutations in the molecular signature of PEL, we hypothesize that differential p53 expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) may be useful in distinguishing PEL versus non-neoplastic erythroid conditions. We performed p53 IHC on 5 normal bone marrow, 46 reactive erythroid proliferations, and 27 PEL cases. We assessed the positivity and intensity of nuclear staining in pronormoblasts and basophilic normoblasts using a 0–3+ scale with 0 being absent (with internal positive controls) and 3 being strong nuclear positivity. A total of 26/27 PEL cases showed strong, uniform, diffuse intense staining by the neoplastic pronormoblasts versus 0/5 and 0/46 normal and reactive controls, respectively. The control cases show various staining patterns ranging from 0 to 3+ in scattered erythroid precursor cells. Uniform, strong p53 positivity is unique to PEL and discriminates this entity from a benign erythroid mimic. Thus, p53 IHC may be a useful marker in urgent medical cases to assist in the confirmation of a malignant PEL diagnosis while awaiting the results of additional ancillary studies such as cytogenetics.

Objective The aim is to develop a method of the acellular dermal matrix manufacturing from pig's skin dermis while preserving the native structure. Patients and methods Materials and methods: Combination of physical and chemical effects on the dermis underlies in the process of an acellular dermal matrix manufacturing. Dermal collection of 1.0-1.3 mm thickness in pigs under 1 year of age from the back and partially from the lateral parts of the body was carried out. The 0.3-0.4 mm thickness layer of skin was previously removed from the relevant areas with help of a dermatome, which was physically and chemically treated. The maximum acellularization of the dermal matrix was achieved step-by-step and included four stages of skin processing: 1 - freeze-thaw process; 2 - glycerin dehydration; 3 - osmotic stress; 4 - cell residue removal by detergent. Results Results: Histological analysis of the of the pig's skin dermis revealed that after freeze-thaw cycles the collagen scaffold of the dermal matrix maintains its structural organization that was obtained as a result of the first stage of decellularization. On the second stage of decullalarization, the decreased number of fibroblastic cells was indicated. By means of this, the connective tissue elements that are represented by collagen fibers' multidirectional bundles retained their structural organization. Fibroblasts lysis as basophilic stained elements was revealed in small amount of dermis on the third stage of the decellularization. Washing of lyophilized skin with nonionic detergent sodium dodecyl sulfate the complete absence of fibroblasts, epidermocytes in the hair follicles, endothelial cells in the wall of blood vessels was detected indicating the effectiveness of this reagent in removing residual products. Conclusion Conclusions: Suggested protocol for decullalarization of the pig's skin dermis is effective in removing nuclear and cellular structures from dermis. Particular protocols can be modified by increasing the temperature difference or changing the number of freeze-thaw cycles.

We encountered a case of spontaneous thymic carcinosarcoma in a young Crl:CD (Sprague Dawley) rat. Grossly, a white multinodular mass replaced the thymus in the thoracic cavity. Histologically, multiple nodules were separated by fibrous stroma, and each nodule included isolated regions that were composed of epithelial or non-epithelial tumor cells. The epithelial tumor cells were relatively large and round to polygonal cells with large nuclei and weakly eosinophilic cytoplasm. These cells were cytokeratin-positive and vimentin-negative. These cells infiltrated the lungs. The non-epithelial tumor cells were poorly differentiated, small, round to spindle-shaped cells with small nuclei and basophilic cytoplasm. These cells were vimentin-positive and mostly cytokeratin-negative. Many islands of cartilage were observed near non-epithelial cells. Based on these findings, the tumor was diagnosed as a primary thymic carcinosarcoma consisting of a malignant thymoma composed of epithelial tumor cells and a mesenchymal chondrosarcoma composed of non-epithelial tumor cells.

We examined alveolar bone samples in the area of on-bone fixation of a free gingival graft performed during surgery in patients aged 37-55 years with a diagnosis of secondary partial adentia of the upper and lower jaws. Six months after fixation of the graft in the alveolar bone, foci of neoosteogenesis were found in the contact zone. They were characterized by the appearance of appositional lines, cords of basophilic osteoblasts, and growing osteons. An immunohistochemical study revealed an increase in the number of CD44+, CD29+, and osteocalcin+ cells in the layer of the outer circumferential lamellae, primary osteons, and the lining of the Haversian canals. TGF-β1+ cells were located in the intertrabecular reticular tissue and wall of microvessels. The results indicate activation of mesenchymal stem cells in the area of localization of the graft and differentiating osteoblasts. The observed osteoinductive effect of free gingival graft is associated with its participation in reorganization in MSC and induction of morphogenetic molecules.

A 6-year-old male cynomolgus monkey showed chronic wasting. No gross abnormalities were observed in necropsy expect for changes secondary to wasting. Microscopic examination revealed pigment granules deposition in systemic smooth muscles. They were observed as brown or basophilic in hematoxylin and eosin stain, and were positive for periodic acid-Schiff, Schmorl and Ziehl-Neelsen. Ultrastructurally, they consisted of residual bodies surrounded with varying amounts of solitary ribosomes. Thus, these granules were considered as lipofuscin. Unlike brown bowel syndrome in humans, the pigment granules were distributed systemically not only in the digestive tract but also in the blood vessels predominantly in the veins. To our knowledge, this is the first report on vascular smooth muscle lipofuscinosis occurring predominantly in the veins of primates.

The best-known cutaneous manifestations of septicemia in the skin are the so-called "septic vasculitis" and "septic vasculopathy," which represent two sides of the same pathogenetic process. The spectrum of cutaneous presentations of septicemia is, however, more complex, extending beyond septic vasculitis/vasculopathy. We describe the exceptional histopathological findings of skin lesions associated with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia septicemia, featuring a lymphohistiocytic infiltrate characterized by predominance of foamy macrophages containing granular basophilic material negative for PAS, Gram, Fite, and Grocott. Albeit an uncommon occurrence, S. maltophilia septicemia should be included in the broad differential diagnosis of cutaneous lesions occurring in immunocompromised individuals with worsening general conditions. Awareness of these histopathological findings may facilitate the identification of this insidious infectious agent as a source of nosocomial septicemia.

Purpose The prevalence of basophilic invasion (BI) and degenerative changes in the neurohypophysis of humans with neurodegenerative disease is not established. Materials and methods We evaluated 122 pituitary glands reviewed at autopsy including 45 with Alzheimer's disease (AD) Braak and Braak stage V or VI, 18 with Lewy body disease (LBD), and 59 age-matched controls for BI. In addition, pituitary glands from 51 patients including 25 patients with AD and 18 aged-matched controls were studied with a periodic acid Schiff (PAS) stain and immunohistochemistry with a polyclonal antibody to nestin. Samples were graded as negative (0) or positive (1). Results BI was seen in 35 of 45 patients with AD (0.78 ± 0.06 mean and SE: 78%) and was significantly higher than 30 of 59 controls (0.51 ± 0.07; 51%) (p = 0.0236). BI was seen in 7 of 18 patients with LBD (0.39 ± 0.12; 39%) compared to controls (p = 0.387). BI was also significantly higher in AD compared to LBD (p = 0.0001). Nestin immunoreactivity was detected in the neurohypophysis of all patients. Definite nestin was not found in BI but was seen in Herring body-like structures, in pituicytes and axons. Phospho-τ-immunoreactive Herring bodies were seen in 65% with AD but phospho-τ-immunoreactive neurofibrillary tangles were not found. Conclusion BI is increased in AD compared to controls or LBD but not associated with nestin immunoreactivity. The significance and role of BI as a marker for AD warrants additional study.

Introduction. Тo study the microscopic picture of the tissues of the perforated tympanic membrane after the introduction of blood plasma enriched with platelet growth factors into the perforated area of the tympanic membrane in the experiment.Materials and methods. 36 rats (72 tympanic membranes) were examined. The animals were divided into 2 groups, the main and the control. The tympanic membrane was perforated in rats of both groups using sterile play. Animals of the main group were injected with a single application of autoplasm of blood enriched with platelet growth factors into the area of perforation of the tympanic membrane. The animals of the control group underwent only dynamic observation. The rats were withdrawn from the experiment in batches of 6 individuals on day 5, 10, 15 after the tympanic membrane perforation, then a histological assessment of the tissue regeneration of the tympanic membranes was performed. Results. In animals of the main group on the 5th day after perforation of the tympanic membrane, edema and disorganization of connective tissue were significantly less frequently recorded than in animals of the control group (p ≤ 0.05). Fibroblastic infiltration of tympanic membrane tissues was significantly more often observed in rats of the main group compared with rats in the control group (p ≤ 0.05). In rats of the main group on the 10th day after perforation of the tympanic membrane, edema and disorganization of the connective tissue of the tympanic membranes were noted significantly less frequently than in rats of the control group (p ≤ 0.05). Signs of fibroblastic infiltration and neoangiogenesis at the same time in animals of the main group were revealed significantly more often, in contrast to rats in the control group (p ≤ 0.05). In animals of the main group, on the 15th day after perforation of the tympanic membrane, fibroblastic infiltration and neoangiogenesis were revealed in all cases of observation, which significantly exceeded the corresponding indicators in the control group, and leukocyte infiltration in rats of the main group, in contrast to the previous stages of the study, was noted significantly less frequently. than in rats of the control group (p ≤ 0.05).Conclusion. Earlier and complete regeneration of damaged tissues of the tympanic membrane under conditions of its traumatic perforation was noted in rats of the main group under the influence of PCOTFR. In rats of the main group, more organized collagen fibers, the presence of basophilic leukocytes, signs of neoangiogenesis, and extensive fields of fibroblasts were visualized.

Shevchenko O. M., Sych V. O. Cell reactions of inflammation focus in carrageenan secondary chronic inflammation on the background of substance P blockade. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2020;10(11):199-211. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2020.10.11.019 https://apcz.umk.pl/czasopisma/index.php/JEHS/article/view/JEHS.2020.10.11.019 https://zenodo.org/record/4294634 The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. § 8. 2) and § 12. 1. 2) 22.02.2019. © The Authors 2020; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 16.10.2020. Revised: 30.10.2020. Accepted: 27.11.2020. UDC: 616-002.2:577.114.4]-008.853-078:577.112.3.088.6 CELL REACTIONS OF INFLAMMATION FOCUS IN CARRAGEENAN SECONDARY CHRONIC INFLAMMATION ON THE BACKGROUND OF SUBSTANCE P BLOCKADE O. M. Shevchenko, V. O. Sych Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, Ukraine Abstract The aim of the study was to determine the features of cellular reactions of the inflammatory focus in carrageenan secondary chronic inflammation against the background of blockade of substance P. Experimental prospective controlled randomized study was performed on 132 WAG rats in series of 6 animals in each series: in control and for 6 hours; 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, 21, 28 days in the conditions of the natural course of carrageenan inflammation and with the use of a pharmacological preparation, aprepitant – an inhibitor of NK-1 receptors. During the observation period of 6 hours to 3 days, neutrophilic, basophilic and eosinophilic leukocytes accumulate (phase of exudation of the inflammatory process). Peaks of neutrophils and basophils occur on day 2 (neutrophils – in the central parts of the inflammatory focus, basophils – in both areas, in the center and on the periphery) with a small predominance of the number of cells in the peripheral parts. The peak number of eosinophils occurs on day 1 and with a slight decrease on day 2 with their predominant location in peripheral areas. From 3–5 days the cellular composition of the infiltrate was characterized by a predominance of lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages, plasma cells, tissue basophils, cells of the fibroblastic series, which during blockade of substance P in a single amount appear for 2 days, predominate in peripheral areas (phases of proliferation and organization). Key words: secondary chronic inflammation; focus of inflammation; mediators of inflammation.

Summary Polysaccharide storage myopathies have been described in several animal species and are characterized by periodic acid–Schiff (PAS)-positive, diastase-resistant intrasarcoplasmic inclusions in myocytes. Skeletal and cardiac muscle samples from a subset of a single pod of stranded long-finned pilot whales (Globicephala melas) were evaluated by light and transmission electron microscopy. Twelve individuals demonstrated sporadic basophilic packets of PAS-positive, diastase-resistant complex polysaccharide material, either centrally or peripherally, in skeletal and cardiac myocytes. Few microscopic myopathic changes were found but included focal inflammation and internalized nuclei. Ultrastructurally, the inclusions consisted of loosely arranged, tangled filaments and were not membrane-bound, which is consistent with polyglucosan inclusions. Within skeletal muscle, the number of inclusions had a marginal statistically significant (P = 0.0536) correlation with length, as a proxy for age, suggesting that such inclusions in skeletal muscles may be age-related, although the cause remains unclear.

Toxic carbon monoxide in small concentrations has pro-apoptotic, anti-allergic, vasodilator effects, and stimulates angiogenesis. The problem with the therapeutic use of low doses of carbon monoxide is that it is difficult to dose. To control the amount and gradual release of carbon monoxide, non-toxic preparation is used - CO donor based on carbonyl compound of ruthenium (CORM-2). The aim – is to identify the effect of CORM-2 on the level of immunoglobulins in the blood serum and bone marrow of mice under conditions of inducing an immune response. Materials and methods. 3 groups of 15 white laboratory mice each were formed. Induction of the immune response was due to the intraperitoneal administration of xenogenic red blood cells. The first experimental group on the first day of immunization received CORM-2 (20 mg/kg), group No. 2 – on the 5th day after immunization (period of the productive phase). The control group consisted of immunized animals that did not receive CORM-2. The amount of IgA, IgM, and IgG in blood serum was determined by ELISA on the 2nd and 6th day after immunization. At the end of the experiment, bone marrow cell populations were counted. Results. After the injection of CORM-2 during the induction phase of the immune response, it inhibits the production of immunoglobulins. In comparison with the control, the level of IgA and IgG is reduced, but the amount of IgM remains unchanged. In the bone marrow, the number of monocytes, erythroblasts, and normoblasts, as well as lymphoblasts and plasma cells, increased. At the same time, the number of myeloblasts, myelocytes, basophilic normoblasts, and megakaryocytes decreased. The use of CORM-2 during the productive phase caused a decrease in the level of IgM and IgG with a simultaneous increase in the level of IgA. The number of neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, polychromophilic and oxyphilic normoblasts, lymphocytes, and plasma cells in the bone marrow increased. However, the number of myeloblasts, promyelocytes, myelocytes, metamyelocytes, basophilic normoblasts, and megakaryocytes decreased. Conclusions. The impact of the CORM-2 on the inductive phase of the immune response leads to inhibition of the production of immunoglobulins. The injection of CORM-2 during the productive phase of the immune response decreased the level of IgM and IgG, but at the same time, an increase in the level of IgA was observed. After the injection of CORM-2, in the bone marrow, the number of monocytes, lymphocytes, and plasma cells increased. The results indicate that CORM-2 is able to modulate the immune response.

Background Very few studies have compared blood eosinophil and basophil levels before and after surgery in patients with eosinophilic CRSwNP (eCRSwNP). No investigations seem to have repeatedly measured them pre- and postoperatively in eCRSwNP patients with recurring versus non-recurring disease to examine how their levels evolved. Objective Hence this study to analyze blood eosinophil and basophil levels in patients with eCRSwNP immediately before surgery and afterwards, at 4 months, 1 year, and then yearly up to 5 years. Methods Fifty-one eCRSwNP patients were enrolled, who all had preoperative laboratory data and the results of at least 4 of the 6 scheduled postoperative follow-up tests. Results Seventeen patients had recurrent disease. Blood eosinophil counts (p = 0.005) and percentages (p = 0.002) were both higher in these patients than in those whose eCRSwNPs did not recur after surgery. Blood basophil counts (p = 0.04) and percentages (p Conclusions In eCRSwNP, the statistical analysis of repeated quantitative laboratory data can shed light on the evolution of a patient’s systemic inflammatory picture in response to previous treatments, and above all to long-term therapies. Long-term monitoring of blood eosinophil and basophil levels could be of significant value when monoclonal antibodies that inhibit IL signaling will widely enter in clinical practice for eCRSwNP treatment to follow the effectiveness of therapy over time.

We report a case of microsecretory adenocarcinoma of the hard palate. The patient is a 37-year-old woman with a 15 mm submucosal tumor, which was incidentally found by her primary care dentist, in her hard palate. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging revealed a tumor exhibiting high signal on T2-weighted image, which was gradually enhanced on dynamic study. Histologically, the tumor border was ill-defined without fibrous capsule and adjoined minor salivary gland with permeative infiltration at the tumor periphery. The tumor comprised intercalated duct-like cells with polygonal narrow eosinophilic to clear cytoplasm and small, uniform oval nuclei. These cells formed small infiltrative microcysts, tubules and fascicular cords collecting pale basophilic secretions and small vacuoles setting in an abundant fibromyxoid stroma. The tumor cells were positive for CK AE1+AE3, S-100 protein, and p63, while are completely negative for p40, alpha-SMA, and calponin. The MEF2C-SS18 fusion was identified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction followed by Sanger sequencing. The combination of characteristic histology, immunophenotype, and presence of MEF2C-SS18 fusion indicated the diagnosis of microsecretory adenocarcinoma of the hard palate, an entity described only recently. Post-operative course was uneventful and there was no evidence of disease at 4 months after surgery.

A 5.25-year-old cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis) was found to have a marked leukocytosis due to a lymphocytosis on routine quarantine laboratory data prior to inclusion in a preclinical research study. The majority of lymphocytes were characterized as intermediate to large with round to convoluted nuclei, coarse to clumped chromatin, rare prominent nucleoli, and moderate amounts of lightly basophilic cytoplasm that frequently contained small magenta granules and/or clear vacuoles. The animal had tested negative for several viruses and other etiologic agents found in nonhuman primates 1 week prior to shipment to the research facility. However, further evaluation of the blood smear revealed rare hemoflagellates, and later testing using real-time PCR and ELISA was confirmatory for Trypanosoma cruzi (T cruzi). Trypanosoma cruzi is a zoonotic pathogen responsible for Chagas disease in people and can have negative consequences on study results when positive animals are inadvertently used for preclinical research. This case report describes a marked large granular lymphocytosis in an otherwise healthy macaque as the only indication of infection with T cruzi in an animal believed to be negative for the infection. Additionally, it highlights the diagnostic limitations of screening tests to rule out diseases in animals intended to be used in preclinical studies.

Mixed pollution of the freshwaters is a worldwide problem; and the scientific evidence showed its impacts on the bivalves` biological processes. In the present study, the freshwater clam, Caelatura nilotica was collected from two water habitats with different degrees of pollution. Examination of gills and digestive gland using routine histology, scanning (SEM), and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy was done. In SEM investigations of the gills, deformation and erosion of cilia, clogging of gills by mucous and ghost gills were observed in the clams collected from a more polluted site. Histological structure of gills proved the appearance of ciliates between the gill filaments. Also, inflammatory reactions appeared and the epithelia lost their integrity and desquamated. The digestive gland showed haemocytes infiltrations, necrosis in some digestive tubules, and granulocytomas was observed. A full description of the digestive gland was done using TEM. In addition, more abnormalities were recorded in different types of the haemocytes, digestive and basophilic cells, flagella, microvilli, lysosomes, residual bodies, mitochondria, nucleus and chromatin with blebbing in most of them. In conclusion, mixed pollution compromised the functions of the gills and digestive gland of the clam, C. nilotica, under the effect of synergistic and/ or antagonistic actions of inorganic and organic contaminants with reference to the more severe effects of the non-point source than the point-source pollution in water pollution impacts.

In the post-resuscitation period through the I-II-III-IV-V - stages and long - term periods (1 and 3 months) of post – resuscitation disease, the morpho functional activity of β-and d-basophil cells of the adenohypophysis was studied in white male rats with a weight of 180-220 g, who suffered a 10-minute stop of systemic circulation (compression of the vascular bundle of the heart by the method of V. G. Korpachev). False-operated animals served as a control. Morphological, morphometric, histochemical, and cytophotometric studies of the state of both β - and d - basophil cells of the adenohypophysis were performed. We used image analysis using a leys microscope with an electronic micro-nozzle attached to an Intel computer, and the content of the glycoprotein was studied using a cytophotometer. In the postoperative period during the phase I identified in the background of gipergidratace cytoplasmic β - and d - basophilic cells of the anterior pituitary, in the period of II-III stage disease gipergidratace nuclei β - and d - basophilic cells of the anterior pituitary revealed an increase in the excretion of glycoprotein in blood, i.e., the observed compensatory-adaptive reactions. Starting from stage IV and in remote periods of post-resuscitation disease, compensatory and restorative processes were observed against the background of hyperhydration of the nuclei.

Eruption sequestrum (ES) is a single or even multiple, small whitish calcified masses found within the soft tissue of the opercula overlying the crown of erupting permanent molars of children. We herein report a well-documented case of ES, offering a review of published cases in the English literature. An otherwise healthy 6-year-old girl was seen for routine dental examination. A fragment of hard whitish tissue was observed in the gingiva overlying the erupting lower first permanent molar, which showed radiographic appearance of a faint round radiopacity above and separated from the occlusal surface of the related tooth. The patient was submitted to an excisional biopsy, and gross examination showed a hardened whitish fragment surrounded by gingival mucosa. Microscopic examination revealed odontogenic epithelium in association with chronic inflammatory infiltrate and small blood vessels in the connective tissue. Small concentric basophilic calcifications, round osteodentin, and pulp-like structures were also observed. The microscopic evaluation of additional cases of ES may improve the understanding of this uncommon inflamed odontogenic hamartoma.

The development of microcrystalline arthritides is most frequently associated with the formation of monosodium urate (MSU) and calcium pyrophosphate (CPP) crystals. Their identification is of crucial importance in recognizing these diseases. Objective: to determine the possibilities of histological techniques in identifying MSU and CPP crystals and to evaluate the effectiveness of the techniques. Subjects and methods. Twenty-four tissue blocks (fragments of the affected areas of the elbow joint, the interphalangeal joint of the index finger, and hip joint) from 7 patients were examined. Paraffin sections were stained with a 0.5% alcohol solution of eosin, as well as with hematoxylin and eosin. Tissue specimens were examined and digitized using an AxioScope.A1 stereo microscope with Zenblue software (Carl Zeiss MicroImaging GmbH, Germany). Results and discussion. When staining the tissue sections with hematoxylin and eosin, microcrystals were not visualized; the major portions of MSU crystals was dissolved during fixation and staining, whereas CPP crystals were masked with hematoxylin as focal basophilic aggregates. The staining technique with an alcohol solution of eosin and short formalin fixation (within 12 hours) made it possible to avoid dissolution of MSU crystals and to visualize both MSU and CPP crystals, and to determine their shape and color. Conclusion. Light microscopy of the tissue sections stained with an alcohol solution of eosin along with short formalin fixation is a reliable method to differentiate MSU and CPP crystals. In patients undergoing endoprosthetic replacement, the significance of this technique for the pathomorphological study of surgical material consists in assessing inflammatory activity and in eliminating a disease, such as microcrystalline arthropathy.

Background Desert rodent, Gerbillus tarabuli, is a seed-eating animal and do not require drinking water. It depends upon metabolic water. Understanding the functional characteristics of ocular glands which produce a watery lacrimal fluid is of interest. In the present study, we described the macroscopic anatomy and microscopic structure of the paraorbital glands in tarabul’s gerbil. Results There are up to four distinct orbital glands: lacrimal (LG), Harderian (HG), Meibomian (MG), and conjunctival mucous glands. Each eye has three eyelids, the main upper and lower lids and a third lid hidden between them in the inner corner of the eye. The LG is bipartite, situated on the dorsolateral aspect of the eyeball. The HG is large and localized deep in the orbit. The MG is found in the dense connective tissue plate. Upon light microscopic examination, the LG is an acinar gland; its secretory cells have mucous and serous granular cytoplasm. The endpieces of HG consist of tubuloalveoli, with two cellular types: prismatic vacuolated cells and pyramidal basophilic cells. The MG acini are closely arranged one after another. Each acinus contains a basal layer of myoepithelial cells and a mass of rounded, vacuolated cells. The nictitating membrane is formed by a semilunar fold of conjunctiva, supported by a hyaline cartilage. Numerous goblet cell clusters are detected in the covering conjunctiva particularly in the bulbar conjunctiva. Mucin glycoproteins appear to be abundant in the precorneal tear film, probably acting against desiccation stress. Conclusions Based on the data from this study, it could be concluded that the orbital glands of gerbil are well-developed, similar to other mammals.

An adult dog was presented for chronic cough and a recent development of ulcerated, erythematous nares with nasal discharge. Cytology of enlarged peripheral lymph nodes revealed many intracellular and extracellular organisms. These round or rarely oval organisms measured approximately 5-9 µm in diameter and frequently contained several globular structures, ranging from deeply basophilic to magenta. A thin, clear halo was present. Smaller 1-2 µm, magenta forms were also observed. Fungal culture yielded small, wet, raised, irregularly shaped, white to pale tan colonies. Microbiologic staining of cultured material revealed features suggestive of algae. Histopathology of the lymph nodes revealed marked granulomatous inflammation with intralesional algal organisms suggestive of Prototheca. Electron microscopic findings were also consistent with protothecosis. Polymerase chain reaction, followed by direct DNA sequencing, identified the organism as Prototheca wickerhamii. A brief literature review discussing protothecosis in veterinary medicine is included.

Eosinophilic solid and cystic renal cell carcinoma (ESC RCC) is a recently described distinct and unique renal neoplasm that was originally described in female patients with tuberous sclerosis complex but now shown to occur mostly in a sporadic form with a female predominance. They result from somatic loss of TSC1 or TSC2 tumour suppressor genes. These tumours typically show a solid and cystic architecture, and the neoplastic cells are characterized by abundant granular eosinophilic cytoplasm with most showing a characteristic basophilic cytoplasmic stippling. The incidence is currently unknown because majority of cases were misdiagnosed or labelled as the more aggressive ‘unclassified renal cell carcinoma' or ‘unclassified renal neoplasm with oncocytic or eosinophilic morphology'. We report a case of a twenty-three year old female with a solitary right renal mass. We review the literature and highlight the clinical and morphological features that distinguish this entity from other ‘eosinophilic' Renal Cell Carcinomas.

Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is among the most studied human malignancies. The distinction of BL from other aggressive B-cell lymphomas is important for providing optimal oncological care. In the revised 4th edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification, BL is defined as "a highly aggressive but curable lymphoma that often presents in extranodal sites or as an acute leukemia. It is composed of monomorphic medium-sized B-cells with basophilic cytoplasm and numerous mitotic figures, usually with a demonstrable MYC gene translocation to an IG locus. The frequency of EBV (Epstein Barr virus) infection varies according to the epidemiological subtype of BL. No single parameter, such as morphologic, genetic analysis or immunophenotyping can be used as the gold standard for diagnosis of BL; a combination of several diagnostic techniques is necessary."

Patient: Male, 78-year-old Final Diagnosis: Fundic gland adenocarcinoma Symptoms: Tumor Medication:— Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Pathology Objective: Rare coexistence of disease or pathology Background: Gastric adenocarcinoma of the fundic gland type (GAFG) is an extremely rare neoplasm that consists of a mixed proliferation of oxyntic and chief cells. Differential diagnosis of GAFG is difficult in the absence of infiltration. Here, we report a case of GAFG and discuss the clinicopathological features. Case Report: A 78-year-old man was diagnosed with gastritis and reflux esophagitis, status after esophagectomy for carcinoma of the esophagus in 2015. The patient underwent repeated gastric biopsies in 2017 and an atypical epithelium was observed, but no diagnosis was confirmed. There was no evidence of tumor extension in the submucosa. The tumor was resected via endoscopic mucosal resection, and pathological examination was performed. Microscopic findings revealed an oxyntic-type gastric mucosa with atypical dense or dilated glands with abundant pale basophilic cytoplasm and round nuclei with prominent nucleoli. The majority of the tumor cells resembled chief cells, suggesting they were derived from gastric fundic glands. However, the tumor appeared to have no submucosal infiltration or focal stromal desmoplastic reaction. Sections stained positive for MUC6 and pepsinogen-I in chief cells, and H+/K+ ATPase and PDGFRα in parietal cells, but were mostly negative for CDX2, chromogranin A, synaptophysin, and CD10. Sections stained for mib-1 expressed very low proliferative activity, with an average of 10%. Staining for TP53 overexpression was negative. Conclusions: Immunostaining markers are a supportive tool for histological diagnosis of GAFG. However, if there is no infiltration, as in our case, it is difficult to consider it as a malignant tumor. Further elucidation is needed in the future, including an officially accepted diagnostic name.

Pigeon aviadenovirus A and Pigeon circovirus are both DNA viruses, infect and cause severe clinical diseases in pigeons. These viruses are associated with an immunosuppression syndrome similar to ‘Young Pigeon Disease Syndrome’ (YPDS). This study reports the identification of a natural co‐infection, with severe clinical signs (crop vomiting, watery diarrhoea, anorexia and sudden death) of Pigeon aviadenovirus A and Pigeon circovirus in a breeding pigeon flock in Central Anatolia, Turkey. Both viruses were isolated from pigeons pooled internal organs using primary chicken embryo kidney cell cultures (CEKC) and specific pathogen‐free (SPF) embryonated chicken eggs. Also, both viruses were identified by PCR amplification followed by Sanger sequencing whereas histopathological examination showed degenerated hepatocytes with basophilic intranuclear viral inclusions. As known, both viruses typically have similar transmission characteristics and common clinical manifestations; however, co‐infection may exacerbate the disease with devastating outcomes. This is the first report of its kind in Turkey for those viruses and is essential for the protection against these kinds of infections in pigeons., Pigeon aviadenovirus A and pigeon circovirus are both DNA viruses, infect and cause severe clinical diseases in pigeons. This study identified a natural co‐infection of both viruses in a breeding pigeon flock in Central Anatolia, Turkey for the first time. Both viruses were isolated from pigeons pooled internal organs using primary chicken embryo kidney cell cultures (CEKC) and specific pathogen‐free (SPF) embryonated chicken eggs. Also, they were identified by PCR amplification followed by Sanger sequencing, whereas histopathological examination showed degenerated hepatocytes with basophilic intranuclear viral inclusions. The viruses typically have similar transmission characteristics and common clinical manifestations, but co‐infection may exacerbate the disease. This is the first report of its kind in Turkey for these viruses and is vital for the protection against such type of diseases in pigeons.

Pilomatrical carcinosarcomas are very rare tumors. To the best of our knowledge, only nine cases diagnosed with pilomatrical carcinosarcomas have been reported. The present study reported on a case of pilomatrical carcinosarcoma in the posterior part of the left auricle of a 100-year-old male patient. The tumor histologically comprised the following two components: Pilomatrical carcinoma and undifferentiated spindle cell sarcoma. The pilomatrical carcinoma comprised atypical basaloid cells and shadow cells. The basaloid cells had basophilic cytoplasm, clear nucleoli and deeply stained nuclear chromatin. The undifferentiated spindle cell sarcoma comprised atypical spindle cells. Both components contained numerous mitotic cells. The boundary area between the carcinoma and sarcoma smoothly transitioned into each other. The carcinoma cells and a portion of the sarcoma cells were positive for β-catenin in the cytoplasm with or without the nuclei. These results suggested that the two components developed from the same origin.

An 8-year-and-1-month-old female blue tegu (Salvator merianae) was brought to a clinician with severe cough. The patient died 11 days later despite supportive care, and necropsy was performed by a clinician. The lumen of the distal trachea was almost completely occluded by a milk-white, hard mass measuring 1 cm in diameter. Histopathologically, the mass comprised spindle-shaped to polygonal cells arranged in a loose sheet with abundant production of basophilic cartilaginous matrix, consistent with chondrosarcoma. Reports of tracheal neoplasms in reptiles are limited, and to the best of our knowledge this represents the first pathological documentation of tracheal chondrosarcoma in a reptile.

A 1-day-old male calf presented with clinical signs of severe progressive abdominal distension. Abdominal radiographic and ultrasonic images revealed several loop-like structures in the small intestine, which were indicative of gas retention. Experimental laparotomy was performed. However, the calf died during surgery. At necropsy, a round, well-circumscribed mass (3 × 3 × 2.5 cm) was found in the jejunal wall, and the jejunal lumen was narrowed. The mass was firm and had white to grey appearance on the cut surface. Histologically, the submucosa and the muscle layer were diffusely thickened due to abundance of neural tissues comprising several fascicles of nerve fibres and large aggregates of ganglion cells. Some ganglion cells contained basophilic Nissl substances in their cytoplasm. Immunohistochemically, these cells were positive for S-100 and synaptophysin. Ultrastructural examination revealed that the neoplastic ganglion cells contained dense core vesicles in the cytoplasm. Based on these findings, the neoplastic lesion was diagnosed as ganglioneuroma in the jejunum.

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is a notorious virus infecting cultured shrimps affecting the aquaculture industry for more than two decades over the world. WSSV has been isolated from asymptomatic carriers including crabs, artemia, rotifers, polychaetes and insects. Asymptomatic carriers are hosts that do not exhibit infection symptoms but carries infection to other hosts. The potential virulence of asymptomatic carrier of WSSV in multiple hosts were screened in the current study. The symbiotic Octolasmis neptuni isolated from the gill lamellae of moribund mud crab (Scylla olivacea) is suspected to cause WSSV infection. Though there was morphological similarity between healthy and infected animals, the PCR result was positive for WSSV with an amplicon size of 941 base pairs. The amplicon was sequenced and the infection was confirmed. Hypertrophied nuclei, marginalised chromatin and virions of WSSV were observed in the nuclear cells and cytoplasm through transmission electron microscope (TEM). Histopathological study on the pedunculate barnacle showed basophilic inclusion bodies and hypertrophied nuclei. Further series of infectivity experiments were conducted to understand the virulence of the O. neptuni.

The World Health Organization classifies ovarian granulosa cell tumors as sex cord stromal tumors pure sex cord and both, adult granulosa and juvenile granulosa cell tumors are described. Usually, they appear as solid or cystic solid tumors and less commonly the tumors are entirely cystic, which results in scarce literature published on this presentation. Juvenile type presents histologically a lobulated appearance Call-Exner bodies are infrequent, luteinization is common, and it is usual to observe follicles containing eosinophilic or basophilic secretions. Adult type typically shows a proliferation of uniform cells with vesicular nuclei that show typical grooves. It is important to take into account the entirely cystic presentation to avoid wrong diagnoses such as ovarian follicular cyst. From the pathological point of view there are no overwhelming data that could clearly differentiate a cystic granulosa cell tumor from a follicular cyst. However, some authors have described macroscopic and microscopic findings that should be taken into account to perform the differential diagnostic between these entities. Six cystic granulosa cell tumor cases from the period 1973–2017 from our Pathology Department were studied, and they included three adult granulosa cell tumors and three juvenile granulosa cell tumors. We analyzed clinical presentation and histological features like patterns, nuclear atypia, epithelium-stroma relationship, mitotic index, and presence of necrosis in order to establish whether there is a correlation among these parameters and clinical behavior.

In 2015, an episode of lymphocystis disease (LCD) was detected in wild and cultured populations of whitemouth croaker Micropogonias furnieri off the coast of Uruguay. Fish of both origins were collected for histopathological and molecular investigations. Macroscopically, multinodular tumorlike masses were observed in the skin. Histological examination of these masses revealed enlarged cells with a hyaline capsule and basophilic inclusion bodies in the cytoplasm. The inclusion bodies were further examined by electron microscopy and showed icosahedral virions with a median diameter of 182 nm. Routine molecular investigations targeting the DNA polymerase and major capsid protein genes showed the presence of the DNA of an unknown lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV) in all specimens showing external signs of LCD. Subsequently, 4 other core genes were amplified and sequenced from the viral genome. Phylogenetic tree reconstruction based on the concatenated sequence of 6 core genes indicated that the virus undoubtedly belongs to the genus Lymphocystivirus. However, the core gene sequences of the whitemouth croaker LCDV differ markedly from those of the 3 known LCDVs, putatively representing a fourth LCDV species.