Search

Summary: Maternal depressive symptoms are associated with poorer sleep quality in their children. Although parasomnias can occur at any age, this group of sleep disorders is more common in children. The aim of this study was to assess whether maternal depression trajectories predict parasomnias at the age of 11 years. Data were from a Birth Cohort of 4231 individuals followed in the city of Pelotas, Brazil. Maternal depressive symptoms were assessed with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) at 12, 24, and 48 months, and 6 and 11 years postpartum. Maternal depression trajectories were calculated using a group‐based modelling approach. Information on any parasomnias (confused arousals, sleepwalking, night terrors, and nightmares) was provided by the mother. Five trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms were identified: chronic‐low (34.9%), chronic‐moderate (41.4%), increasing (10.3%), decreasing (8.9%), and chronic‐high (4.4%). The prevalence of any parasomnia at the age of 11 years was 16.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 15.6%–18.1%). Confusional arousal was the most prevalent type of parasomnia (14.5%) and varied from 8.7% to 14.7%, 22.9%, 20.3%, and 27.5% among children of mothers at chronic‐low, moderate‐low, increasing, decreasing, and chronic‐high trajectories, respectively (p < 0.001). Compared to children from mothers in the chronic‐low trajectory, the adjusted prevalence ratio for any parasomnia was 1.58 (95% CI 1.29–1.94), 2.34 (95% CI 1.83–2.98), 2.15 (95% CI 1.65–2.81), and 3.07 (95% CI 2.31–4.07) among those from mothers in the moderate‐low, increasing, decreasing, and chronic‐high trajectory groups, respectively (p < 0.001). In conclusion, parasomnias were more prevalent among children of mothers with chronic symptoms of depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To estimate the number of rotavirus-associated deaths among Indian children younger than five years. Methods We surveyed more than 23000 child deaths from a nationally representative survey of 1.1 million Indian households during 2001-2003. Diarrhoeal deaths were characterized by region, age and sex and were combined with the proportion of deaths attributable to rotavirus, as determined by hospital microbiologic data collected by the Indian Rotavirus Strain Surveillance Network from December 2005 to November 2007. Rotavirus vaccine efficacy data from clinical trials in developing countries were used to estimate the number of deaths preventable by a national vaccination programme. Data were analysed using Stata SE version 10. Findings Rotavirus caused an estimated 113 000 deaths (99% confidence interval, CI: 86 000-155 000); 50% (54 700) and 75% (85 400) occurred before one and two years of age, respectively. One child in 242 died from rotavirus infection before five years of age. Rotavirus-associated mortality rates overall, among girls and among boys were 4.14 (99% CI: 3.14-5.68), 4.89 (99% CI: 3.75-6.79) and 3.45 (99% CI: 2.58-4.66) deaths per 1000 live births, respectively. Rates were highest in Bihar, Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh, which together accounted for > 50% of deaths (64 400) nationally. Rotavirus vaccine could prevent 41 000-48 000 deaths among children aged 3-59 months. Conclusion The burden of rotavirus-associated mortality is high among Indian children, highlighting the potential benefits of rotavirus vaccination. Objectif Estimer le nombre de deces associes au rotavirus chez les enfants indiens de moins de cinq ans. Methodes Nous avons examine plus de 23 000 deces d'enfants sur la base d'une enquete representative au niveau national de 1,1 million de foyers indiens durant la periode 2001-2003. Les deces par diarrhee etaient classes par region, age et sexe, ainsi que correles a la proportion de deces attribuables au rotavirus, tels que determines par les donnees microbiologiques hospitalieres collectees par le reseau de surveillance indien de la souche du rotavirus de decembre 2005 a novembre 2007. Les donnees d'efficacite du vaccin contre le rotavirus provenant d'essais cliniques realises dans les pays en developpement ont ete utilisees pour estimer le nombre de deces evitables par un programme national de vaccination. Les donnees ont ete analysees a l'aide de Stata SE version 10. Resultats Le rotavirus a cause environ 113 000 deces (intervalle de confiance, IC de 99%: 86 000 a 155 000), 50% (54 700) et 75% (85 400) d'entre eux survenaient respectivement avant l'age d'un an et de deux ans. Un enfant sur 242 est mort d'une infection par le rotavirus avant l'age de cinq ans. Les taux de mortalite associes au rotavirus etaient, dans I'ensemble, parmiles filies et les garcons, de 4,14 deces (IC de 99%: 3,14-5,68), 4,89 (IC de 99%: 3,75-6,79) et 3,45 (IC de 99%: 2,.58-4,66) pour 1 000 naissances vivantes, respectivement. Les taux etaient les plus eleves dans le Bihar, l'Uttar Pradesh et le Madhya Pradesh, representant au total, a l'echelle nationale, plus de 50% des deces (64 400). Le vaccin contre le rotavirus pourrait eviter 41 000 a 48 000 deces chez les enfants ages de 3 a 59 mois. Conclusion L'impact de la mortalite associee au rotavirus est eleve chez les enfants indiens, soulignant les avantages potentiels d'une vaccination contre le rotavirus. [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII.] Objetivo Calcular el numero de muertes asociadas al rotavirus entre ninos indios menores de cinco anos. Metodos Estudiamos mas de 23 000 muertes de nitros procedentes de una encuesta representativa a nivel nacional sobre 1,1 millon de hogares indios durante 2001-2003. Las muertes por diarrea se caracterizaron por region, edad y sexo y se c ombinaron con la proporcion de muertes atribuibles al rotavirus, como determinaron los datos microbiologicos hospitalarios recogidos por la Red india de vigilancia de la cepa del rotavirus (Indian Rotavirus Strain Surveillance Network) desde diciembre de 2005 hasta noviembre de 2007. Los datos acerca de la eficacia de la vacuna contra el rotavirus de ensayos clinicos en paises en vias de desarrollo se emplearon para calcular el numero de muertes prevenibles por medio de un programa de vacunacion nacional. Los datos se analizaron mediante Stata SE version 10. Resultados EI rotavirus causo aproximadamente 113 000 muertes (99% intervalo de confianza, IC: 86 000-155 000); el 50% (54 700) y el 75% (85 400) sucedio antes del primer y segundo ano de edad, respectivamente. Un nino de cada 242 fallecio debido a una infeccion por rotavirus antes de I legar a los cinco anos de edad. Las rasas generales de mortalidad asociadas con el rotavirus entre ninos y entre ninas fueron de 4,14 (99% IC: 3,14-5,68), 4,89 (99% IC: 3,75-6,79) y 3,45 (99% IC: 2,58-4,66) muertes por 1000 nacidos vivos, respectivamente. Las tasas mas altas se dieron en Bihar, Uttar Pradesh y Madhya Pradesh, que en conjunto integraron mas del 50% de las muertes (64 400) a nivel nacional. La vacuna contra el rotavirus podria prevenir 41 000-48 000 muertes entre ninos de entre 3 y 59 meses. Conclusion La carga de la mortalidad asociada con el rotavirus es mayor entre los ninos indios, y resalta los beneficios potenciales de la vacuna contra el rotavirus., Introduction Diarrhoeal diseases are a major cause of hospitalizations and child deaths globally. Together they account for approximately one in six deaths among children younger than five years. (1) Of [...]

To investigate the associations of maternal excess weight before pregnancy with (1) weaning at 3 months of age, (2) duration of exclusive breast-feeding at 6 months of age, (3) duration of any breast-feeding at 12 months of age and (4) to compare the magnitude of these associations over four decades. Data were from participants in the Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohorts born in 1982 (n 5334), 1993 (n 1442), 2004 (n 4092) and 2015 (n 4102). Maternal pre-pregnancy weight was collected after the delivery and breast-feeding status was assessed when children were 3 and 12 months old. Only in the most recent cohort (2015), women with excess weight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) before pregnancy had higher risk of discontinuing exclusive breast-feeding within the first 6 months postpartum than women with normal weight (hazard ratio = 1·22 (95 % CI 1·15, 1·30)). Duration of any type of breast-feeding until 12 months of age was not affected by pre-pregnancy weight. Excess weight before pregnancy is associated with exclusive breast-feeding only in the most recent birth cohort coinciding with increases in excess weight and breast-feeding over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]