Search

This paper presents a novel approach for assessing sources selectivity in test fisheries using the Port Moller test fishery (PMTF) as a case study. The PMTF intercepts sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) migrating to Bristol Bay, Alaska, to estimate run strength and timing. In 2011, the mesh size of gillnets used in the test fishery was decreased for half of the net panels to generate more accurate run estimates by correcting for greater selectivity of larger 3-ocean fish (fish that have spent 3 years in the ocean) relative to smaller 2-ocean fish (fish that have spent 2 years in the ocean). Here, we quantify two sources of age selectivity in the PMTF program, length selectivity parameterized by mean fish length (which should be corrected by the net mesh change) and length-independent selectivity, which we refer to as residual program selectivity (which would not be impacted by the net mesh change), both before and after the net change. Model parameters of selectivity show strong support length selectivity was eliminated, but residual program selectivity still existed after the reduction in net mesh size. Our results demonstrate the necessity of considering both vulnerability and accessibility to fishing gear when assessing selectivity in test fisheries. L'article presente une approche novatrice pour evaluer les sources de selectivity dans des peches experimentales en utilisant la peche experimentale de Port Moller (PMTF) comme etude de cas. La PMTF intercepte des saumons rouges (Oncorhynchus nerka) migrant vers la baie de Bristol (Alaska) afin d'estimer la force et le moment de migrations. En 2011, la taille des mailles des filets utilises dans la peche experimentale a ete reduite pour la moitie des panneaux de filet afin de produire des estimations plus exactes des migrations en corrigeant pour la plus grande selectivite de grands poissons ayant passes 3 annees en mer par rapport a celle de poissons plus petits ayant passe 2 annees en mer. Nous quantifions deux sources de selectivite selon l'age dans le programme PMTF, la selectivite selon la longueur mesuree par la longueur moyenne des poissons (que le changement de taille des mailles devrait corriger) et la selectivite independante de la longueur, ou selectivite residuelle du programme (sur laquelle la modification des filets ne devrait pas avoir d'incidence) avant et apres le changement de filets. Les parametres de selectivite modelises appuient fortement l'elimination de la selectivite selon la longueur, alors que la selectivite residuelle du programme demeure apres la reduction de la taille des mailles des filets. Nos resultats demontrent la necessite de tenir compte de la vulnerabilite et de l'acces des poissons aux engins de peche dans revaluation de la selectivite dans les peches experimentales. [Traduit par la Redaction], Introduction In-season management is an important tool for preventing overexploitation of commercially harvested species. Test fisheries are commonly used to aid active management by assisting managers in meeting escapement goals, [...]

Recognizing the need for improved coordination, the Small-scale and Artisanal Fisheries Research Network (SAFRN), at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography’s Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation (CMBC), was established in 2010 by graduate students as an interdisciplinary hub of students, researchers, and faculty studying small-scale fisheries (SSF). Our goals are to: enhance communication and collaboration across disciplines, projects, and sectors; share research guidelines and methodologies; and connect research to meaningful management actions.SAFRN has developed the Snapshot Assessment Protocol (SnAP), an interdisciplinary, standardized toolkit for describing SSF holistically, including ecological, social, cultural, economic, and governance-related aspects of these fisheries and the related communities. SnAP is a key part of our 2011-2012 project, “Coordinating Research for Sustaining Artisanal Fisheries”, funded by the Waitt Foundation.

PhenomenonMoral distress, which occurs when someone's moral integrity is seriously compromised because they feel unable to act in accordance with their core values and obligations, is an increasingly important concern for physicians. Due in part to limited understanding of the root causes of moral distress, little is known about which approaches are most beneficial for mitigating physicians' distress. Our objective was to describe system-level factors in United States (U.S.) healthcare that contribute to moral distress among pediatric hospitalist attendings and pediatric residents. ApproachIn this qualitative study, we conducted one-on-one semi-structured interviews with pediatric hospitalist attendings and pediatric residents from 4 university-affiliated, freestanding children's hospitals in the U.S. between August 2019 and February 2020. Data were coded with an iteratively developed codebook, categorized into themes, and then synthesized. FindingsWe interviewed 22 hospitalists and 18 residents. Participants described in detail how the culture of medicine created a context that cultivated moral distress. Norms of medical education and the practice of medicine created conflicts between residents' strong sense of professional responsibility to serve the best interests of their patients and the expectations of a hierarchical system of decision-making. The corporatization of the U.S. healthcare system created administrative and financial pressures that conflicted with the moral responsibility felt by both residents and hospitalists to provide the care that their patients and families needed. InsightsThese findings highlight the critical role of systemic sources of moral distress. These findings suggest that system-level interventions must supplement existing interventions that target individual health care providers. Preventing and managing moral distress will require a broad approach that addresses systemic drivers, such as the corporatization of medicine, which are entrenched in the culture of medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]