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The effects of the different combined manner of ultrasound and covalent reaction between polyphenol and myofibrillar protein (MP) from chicken were studied. More so, antioxidant activities, digestive properties, and potential mechanism of ultrasound-assisted oxidation system of hydrophilic ((−)-Epicatechin gallate, ECG) and hydrophobic (Baicalein, BN) polyphenols was also analyzed in this study. Among all the combined treatments, surface hydrophobicity (SUH), active sulfhydryl contents (ASC), and specific surface area (SSA) of ultrasonic assisted ECG oxidation group (T6) was relatively apparent, indicating that a more unfolding MP structure was obtained. Furthermore, ultrasonic assisted ECG oxidation group showed the highest antioxidant activities compared with other combined treatments on the basis of the results of DPPH free radical scavenging activities, metal ion chelating activities, and hydroxyl radicals (OH·) scavenging activities. The results of simulated digestion system and kinetic analysis also verified that ultrasonic assisted ECG oxidation had higher MP bio-accessibility than the control group. In contrast, a lower digestibility was displayed in ultrasonic assisted BN oxidation group. In summary, the ultrasound-assisted covalent reaction of MP and ECG might be a desirable approach for industrial production of MP from chicken with better antioxidant activities and digestive properties.

As living standards rise, the demand for high-quality chilled meat among consumers also grows. Researchers and enterprises have been interested in ensuring the quality of chilled meat in all links of the downstream industry. Nanozyme has shown the potential to address the aforementioned requirements. Reasons and approaches for the application of nanozymes in the freshness assessment or shelf life extension of chilled meat were discussed. The challenges for applying these nanozymes to ensure the quality of chilled meat were also summarized. Finally, this review examined the safety, regulatory status, and consumer attitudes toward nanozymes. This review revealed that the freshness assessment of chilled meat is closely related to mimicking the enzyme activities of nanozymes, whereas the shelf life changes of chilled meat are mostly dependent on the photothermal activities and pseudophotodynamic activities of nanozymes. In contrast, studies regarding the shelf life of chilled meat are more challenging to develop, as excessive heat or reactive oxygen species impair its quality. Notably, meat contains a complex matrix composition that may interact with the nanozyme, reducing its effectiveness. Nanopollution and mass manufacturing are additional obstacles that must be overcome. Therefore, it is vital to choose suitable approaches to ensure meat quality. Furthermore, the safety of nanozymes in meat applications still needs careful consideration owing to their widespread usage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to compare the microbial diversity in meatballs with or without blown pack spoilage (BPS) to determine the cause of BPS and to assess the synergistic effect of static magnetic field (SMF) and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) to reduce the phenomenon of BPS. Results showed that the BPS group with a 2.26-fold larger volume and packaging containing 71.85% CO2 had Klebsiella spp. (46.05%) and Escherichia spp. (39.96%) as the dominant bacteria, which was different from the spoilage group. The results of isolation and identification of strains from the BPS group and their inoculation test confirmed that Klebsiella pneumoniae was the major strain-inducing BPS in meatballs due to its pack-swelling ability. SMF (5 mT) treatment combined with MAP (40%CO2 + 60%N2 ), which did not influence the sensory quality of meatballs, had a significant synergistic effect on preventing the increase in pack volume. Compared with the control group, this synergistic treatment effectively delayed bacterial growth, drop in pH, and the increase of TBARS. The findings of this study will provide further guidance for meatball manufacturers to adopt effective strategies to reduce the BPS of meatballs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During meat processing, two typical advanced glycation end products (AGEs), N ε -carboxymethyllysine (CML) and N ε -carboxyethyllysine (CEL), are generated by free radical induction. However, the impact of peroxyl radicals on myofibrillar proteins (MPs) glycosylation and CML and CEL formation is scarcely reported. In this study, two peroxyl radicals called ROO· and LOO· derived from AAPH (2,2'-azobis (2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride) and linoleic acid were exposed prior to the Maillard reaction (glucosamine incubation at 37 °C for 24 h). Levels of AGEs (CML/CEL), protein oxidation (sulfhydryl/carbonyl), free amino group, surface hydrophobicity, zeta potential, particle size, intrinsic fluorescence intensity and secondary structure were determined. Together with Pearson's correlation, the assumption that free radicals promote MPs oxidation and glycation, alter the aggregation behavior and structure modification, leading to AGEs promotion has been built. In addition, the effect of dose-dependency of peroxyl radical on AGEs has also been established with different effects of peroxyl radical induction., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)