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The problem that guided this research was whether Law No. 12.711/2012 (Law of Quotas), as a public policy of affirmative action, is favorable to social justice. In order to trace the profile of the students who joined the Federal University of Rondônia (UNIR - Porto Velho), through the Cotas, it took as a documentary basis the academic records of the Institution. The epistemological theoretical support was based on the conceptions of Paulo Freire in his critical dialectical method. Regarding the choice of courses analyzed, Medicine and Law, it was taken into consideration the greater competition in the selective processes of UNIR (2013-2018), pointing out: Medicine, in the first place; Right, second; the tradition of these in the formation of the Brazilian elite class, the status that both courses presuppose to give the graduating class. The results pointed out that quotas today, despite a series of criticisms, oppositions and errors of application, have been the possibility of entering public higher education., O problema que orientou essa pesquisa foi se a Lei nº 12.711/2012 (Lei de Cotas), enquanto política pública de ação afirmativa, é favorável ao atendimento da justiça social. Para traçar o perfil dos estudantes que ingressaram na Universidade Federal de Rondônia (UNIR - Porto Velho), por meio das Cotas tomou como base documental os registros acadêmicos da Instituição. O aporte teórico epistemológico respaldou-se nas concepções de Paulo Freire em seu método dialético crítico. Sobre a escolha dos cursos analisados, Medicina e Direito, levou-se em consideração a maior concorrência nos processos seletivos da UNIR (2013-2018), apontando: Medicina, em primeiro lugar; Direito, em segundo; a tradição destes na formação da classe elitizada brasileira, o status que ambos os cursos pressupõem dar aos concluintes. Os resultados assinalaram que as cotas hoje, apesar de uma série de críticas, oposições e erros de aplicação, têm sido a possibilidade de ingresso no ensino superior público., El problema que orientó esta investigación fue si la Ley nº 12.711/2012 (Ley de Cuotas), como política pública de acción afirmativa, es favorable a la atención de la justicia social. Para trazar el perfil de los estudiantes que ingresaron en la Universidad Federal de Rondônia (UNIR - Porto Velho), a través de las Cuotas tomó como base documental los registros académicos de la Institución. El aporte teórico epistemológico se respaldó en las concepciones de Paulo Freire en su método dialéctico crítico. En cuanto a la elección de los cursos analizados, Medicina y Derecho, se tuvo en cuenta la mayor competencia en los procesos selectivos de la UNIR (2013-2018), apuntando: Medicina, en primer lugar; Derecho, en segundo lugar; la tradición de éstos en la formación de la clase elitizada brasileña, el status que ambos cursos presuponen dar a los concluyentes. Los resultados señalaron que las cuotas hoy, a pesar de una serie de críticas, oposiciones y errores de aplicación, han sido la posibilidad de ingreso en la enseñanza superior pública.

Background: Treated effluents from wastewater treatment works can comprise a large proportion of the flow of rivers in the developed world. Exposure to these effluents, or the steroidal estrogens they contain, feminizes wild male fish and can reduce their reproductive fitness. Long-term experimental exposures have resulted in skewed sex ratios, reproductive failures in breeding colonies, and population collapse. This suggests that environmental estrogens could threaten the sustainability of wild fish populations. Results: Here we tested this hypothesis by examining population genetic structures and effective population sizes (Ne) of wild roach (Rutilus rutilus L.) living in English rivers contaminated with estrogenic effluents. Ne was estimated from DNA microsatellite genotypes using approximate Bayesian computation and sibling assignment methods. We found no significant negative correlation between Ne and the predicted estrogen exposure at 28 sample sites. Furthermore, examination of the population genetic structure of roach in the region showed that some populations have been confined to stretches of river with a high proportion of estrogenic effluent for multiple generations and have survived, apparently without reliance on immigration of fish from less polluted sites. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that roach populations living in some effluent-contaminated river stretches, where feminization is widespread, are self-sustaining. Although we found no evidence to suggest that exposure to estrogenic effluents is a significant driving factor in determining the size of roach breeding populations, a reduction in Ne of up to 65% is still possible for the most contaminated sites because of the wide confidence intervals associated with the statistical model.

Silver nanoparticles cause toxicity in exposed organisms and are an environmental health concern. The mechanisms of silver nanoparticle toxicity, however, remain unclear. We examined the effects of exposure to silver in nano-, bulk-, and ionic forms on zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio) using a Next Generation Sequencing approach in an Illumina platform (High-Throughput SuperSAGE). Significant alterations in gene expression were found for all treatments and many of the gene pathways affected, most notably those associated with oxidative phosphorylation and protein synthesis, overlapped strongly between the three treatments indicating similar mechanisms of toxicity for the three forms of silver studied. Changes in oxidative phosphorylation indicated a down-regulation of this pathway at 24 h of exposure, but with a recovery at 48 h. This finding was consistent with a dose-dependent decrease in oxygen consumption at 24 h, but not at 48 h, following exposure to silver ions. Overall, our data provide support for the hypothesis that the toxicity caused by silver nanoparticles is principally associated with bioavailable silver ions in exposed zebrafish embryos. These findings are important in the evaluation of the risk that silver particles may pose to exposed vertebrate organisms.