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1. Perceptions of change in the environment caused by the COVID-19 pandemic: Implications for environmental policy

Author

Hidalgo-Triana, N., Picornell, A., Reyes, S., Circella, G., Ribeiro, H., Bates, A.E., Rojo, J., Pearman, P.B., Vivancos, J.M. Artes, Nautiyal, S., Brearley, F.Q., Pereña, J., Ferragud, M., Monroy-Colín, A., Maya-Manzano, J.M., Ouachinou, J.M.A. Sènami, Salvo-Tierra, A.E., Antunes, C., Trigo-Pérez, M., Navarro, T., Jaramillo, P., Oteros, J., Charalampopoulos, A., Kalantzi, O.I., Freitas, H., Ščevková, J., Zanolla, M., Marrano, A., Comino, O., Roldán, J.J., Alcántara, A.F., and Damialis, A.

Published
2023
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2. Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review, Volume 60

Author

Hawkins, S. J., primary, Lemasson, A.J., additional, Allcock, A.L., additional, Bates, A.E., additional, Byrne, M., additional, Evans, A.J., additional, Firth, L.B., additional, Marzinelli, E.M., additional, Russell, B.D., additional, Sharples, J., additional, Smith, I.P., additional, Swearer, S.E., additional, Todd, P.A., additional, Lucas, C., additional, and Mumby, P.J., additional

Published
2022
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3. Interpreting empirical estimates of experimentally derived physiological and biological thermal limits in ectotherms

Author

Bates, A.E. and Morley, S.A.

Subjects
Extreme weather -- Case studies -- Physiological aspects -- Analysis, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Whole-organism function is underpinned by physiological and biological processes, which respond to temperature over a range of time scales. Given that environmental temperature controls biological rates within ectotherms, different experimental protocols are needed to assess the ability of organisms to withstand extreme weather events versus gradual temperature change. Here we emphasize the importance of time in shaping ecological and evolutionary processes, and as an experimental parameter that is key when interpreting physiology studies reporting thermal limits. We discuss how acute and chronic thermal performance is underpinned by mechanisms operating at different time scales--resistance, acclimation, and adaptation. We offer definitions of common physiological and biological temperature metrics and identify challenges inherent to compiling the wealth of historical temperature limit data now available into meta-analytic frameworks. We use a case study, data across temperate fishes, to highlight that false positives may occur when differences in the thermal tolerances of species are in fact due to experimental protocols. We further illustrate that false negatives can arise if researchers fail to recognize differences in thermal limits of species emerging from macrophysiological approaches that are due to biological mechanisms. We strongly advocate for the careful design, interpretation, and reporting of experimental results to ensure that conclusions arising from data synthesis efforts are grounded in theory. Key words: physiological experiments, ecological metrics, critical limits, lethal limits, performance. La fonction globale d'un organisme est sous-tendue par des processus physiologiques et biologiques qui reagissent a la temperature a differentes echelles temporelles. Comme la temperature ambiante controle la vitesse de processus biologiques chez les ectothermes, differents protocoles experimentaux sont necessaires pour evaluer la capacite d'organismes de resister a des episodes meteorologiques extremes d'une part et a des variations de temperature graduelles d'autre part. Nous soulignons l'importance du temps dans la modulation des processus ecologiques et d'evolution et comme parametre experimental cle pour l'interpretation d'etudes physiologiques faisant etat de limites de temperature. Nous examinons comment les performances thermiques aigue et chronique sont sous-tendues par des mecanismes s'operant a differentes echelles temporelles, comme la resistance, l'acclimatation et l'adaptation. Nous proposons des definitions de parametres physiologiques et biologiques relies a la temperature courants et cernons des defis inherents a la compilation, a l'interieur de cadres metaanalytiques, des abondantes donnees historiques disponibles de nos jours sur les limites de temperature. Nous utilisons une etude de cas, des donnees pour differents poissons de climat tempere, pour illustrer le fait que de faux positifs peuvent survenir quand des differences de tolerances thermiques d'especes sont en fait causees par des protocoles experimentaux. Nous illustrons en outre le fait que de faux negatifs peuvent etre obtenus si les chercheurs ne relevent pas des differences de limites de temperature d'especes issues d'approches macrophysiologiques qui sont dues a des mecanismes biologiques. Nous recommandons fortement que la conception, l'interpretation et la presentation de resultats experimentaux recoivent une attention particuliere afin que les conclusions issues d'efforts de synthese de donnees soient bien ancrees dans la theorie. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles : experiences physiologiques, parametres ecologiques, limites critiques, limites letales, performance., Introduction Throughout the history of thermal biology there has been a strong focus on understanding the thermal limits of critical whole-organism functions and the mechanisms underlying these limits. Physiology is [...]

Published
2020

4. Bycatch-threatened seabirds disproportionally contribute to community trait composition across the world

Author

Richards, C., Cooke, R., Bowler, Diana, Boerder, K., Bates, A.E., Richards, C., Cooke, R., Bowler, Diana, Boerder, K., and Bates, A.E.

Abstract

Human pressures in the ocean are restructuring biological communities, driving non-random extinctions, and disrupting marine ecosystem functioning. In particular, fisheries bycatch, the incidental mortality of non-target species, is a major threat to seabirds worldwide. Direct bycatch data are often scarce. Instead, leveraging trait-based analyses with fine-scale fisheries data could answer fundamental questions about spatial patterns of bycatch-threatened species and facilitate targeted conservation strategies. Here, we combine a dataset of species' traits and distribution ranges for 361 seabird and sea duck species with spatially resolved fishing effort data for gillnet, longline, trawl, and purse seine gears. First, we quantify geographic patterns of seabird community traits. Second, we describe how community traits could shift under local extinction scenarios in areas where bycatch-threatened seabirds spatially overlap with fishing activities. These objectives allow us to highlight the collective contribution of species currently threatened from bycatch to ecosystem functioning. We reveal distinct spatial variation in the community weighted mean of five seabird traits (body mass, generation length, clutch size, diet guild, and foraging guild) are evident. Moreover, our results show that fisheries bycatch is selectively removing a distinct suite of traits from the community within particular oceanic regions. Specifically, fisheries bycatch is threatening species with larger body masses, slower reproductive speeds (smaller clutch sizes and longer generation lengths), and specialised diet and foraging guilds. The spatial non-uniformity of the community trait shifts suggests that within specific marine regions, communities have limited redundancy and therefore may have less insurance to buffer against declines in ecosystem functioning. Our extinction scenario warns that seabirds currently threatened from fisheries bycatch substantially contribute to community functi

Published
2023

5. Amounts, Sources, Fates and Ecological Impacts of Marine Litter and Microplastics in the Western Indian Ocean Region: A Review and Recommendations for Actions

Author

Hawkins, S. J., Lemasson, A.J., Allcock, A.L., Bates, A.E., Byrne, M., Evans, A.J., Firth, L.B., Marzinelli, E.M., Russell, B.D., Sharples, J., Smith, I.P., Swearer, S.E., Todd, P.A., Lucas, C., Mumby, P.J., Honorato-Zimmer, Daniela, Weideman, Eleanor A., Ryan, Peter G., and Thiel, Martin

Published
2022
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6. Species’ traits and exposure as a future lens for quantifying seabird bycatch vulnerability in global fisheries. Les traits et l'exposition des espèces comme perspective d'avenir pour la quantification de la vulnérabilité des oiseaux marins capturés accidentellement dans les pêcheries mondiales

Author

Richards, C., Cooke, R., Bowler, Diana, Boerder, K., Bates, A.E., Richards, C., Cooke, R., Bowler, Diana, Boerder, K., and Bates, A.E.

Abstract

Fisheries bycatch, the incidental mortality of non-target species, is a global threat to seabirds and a major driver of their declines worldwide. Identifying the most vulnerable species is core to developing sustainable fisheries management strategies that aim to improve conservation outcomes. To advance this goal, we present a preliminary vulnerability framework for the context of bycatch mortality that integrates dimensions of species’ exposure (the extent a species’ range overlaps with fishing activities and the magnitude of activities experienced), sensitivity (a species’ likelihood of bycatch mortality when it interacts with fisheries), and adaptive capacity (the ability for populations to adapt and recover from bycatch mortalities). This allows us to classify species into five vulnerability classes. The framework combines species’ traits and distribution ranges for 341 seabirds, along with a spatially resolved fishing effort dataset. Overall, we find most species have high-vulnerability scores for the sensitivity and adaptive capacity dimensions. By contrast, exposure is more variable across species, and thus the median scores calculated within seabird families is low. We further find 46 species have high exposure to fishing activities, but are not identified as vulnerable to bycatch, whilst 133 species have lower exposure, but are vulnerable to bycatch. The framework has been valuable for revealing patterns between and within the vulnerability dimensions. Further methodological development, additional traits, and greater availability of threat data are required to advance the framework and provide a new lens for quantifying seabird bycatch vulnerability that complements existing efforts, such as the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List.

Published
2022

7. Fish heating tolerance scales similarly across individual physiology and populations

Author

Payne, N.L., Morley, S.A., Halsey, L.G., Smith, J.A., Stuart-Smith, R., Waldock, C., Bates, A.E., Payne, N.L., Morley, S.A., Halsey, L.G., Smith, J.A., Stuart-Smith, R., Waldock, C., and Bates, A.E.

Abstract

Extrapolating patterns from individuals to populations informs climate vulnerability models, yet biological responses to warming are uncertain at both levels. Here we contrast data on the heating tolerances of fishes from laboratory experiments with abundance patterns of wild populations. We find that heating tolerances in terms of individual physiologies in the lab and abundance in the wild decline with increasing temperature at the same rate. However, at a given acclimation temperature or optimum temperature, tropical individuals and populations have broader heating tolerances than temperate ones. These congruent relationships implicate a tight coupling between physiological and demographic processes underpinning macroecological patterns, and identify vulnerability in both temperate and tropical species.

Published
2021

8. Code and data to reproduce 'Temporal variability in population and community dynamics'

Author

Dornelas, M., Antão, L.H., Moyes, F., Bates, A.E., Magurran, Anne E., Adam, D., Akhmetzhanova, A.A., Appeltans, W., Arcos, J.M., Arnold, H., Ayyappan, N., Prins, Herbert, Dornelas, M., Antão, L.H., Moyes, F., Bates, A.E., Magurran, Anne E., Adam, D., Akhmetzhanova, A.A., Appeltans, W., Arcos, J.M., Arnold, H., Ayyappan, N., and Prins, Herbert

Abstract

## Citation Code and data to reproduce the analyses from Dallas, T, and A Kramer 2021. Temporal variability in population and community dynamics. BioTime data can be downloaded from the BioTime website (http://biotime.st-andrews.ac.uk/downloadFull.php). The data we used were last updated 02-04-2018 and are available as a static file at https://zenodo.org/record/3265871#.YBHINZp7lhE (doi: 10.5281/zenodo.3265871). When using the BioTime data, please cite both the data resource and the original data paper. Dornelas M, Antão LH, Moyes F, Bates, AE, Magurran, AE, et al. BioTIME: A database of biodiversity time series for the Anthropocene. Global Ecol Biogeogr. 2018; 27:760 - 786. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.12729 ## Compiling the project To compile the R markdown, the following terminal command can be issued from the directory where the files are all located. Rscript -e 'install.packages(c("plyr","dplyr","taxize","lme4","lmerTest","rmarkdown")' Rscript -e 'rmarkdown::render("analysis.Rmd", output_format="pdf_document")', ## Citation Code and data to reproduce the analyses from > Dallas, T, and A Kramer 2021. Temporal variability in population and community dynamics. BioTime data can be downloaded from the BioTime website (http://biotime.st-andrews.ac.uk/downloadFull.php). The data we used were last updated 02-04-2018 and are available as a static file at https://zenodo.org/record/3265871#.YBHINZp7lhE (doi: 10.5281/zenodo.3265871). When using the BioTime data, please cite both the data resource and the original data paper. Dornelas M, Antão LH, Moyes F, Bates, AE, Magurran, AE, et al. BioTIME: A database of biodiversity time series for the Anthropocene. Global Ecol Biogeogr. 2018; 27:760 - 786. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.12729 ## Compiling the project To compile the R markdown, the following terminal command can be issued from the directory where the files are all located. ``` Rscript -e 'install.packages(c("plyr","dplyr","taxize","lme4","lmerTest","rmarkdown")' Rscript -e 'rmarkdown::render("analysis.Rmd", output_format="pdf_document")' ```

Published
2021

9. Localised intermittent upwelling intensity has increased along South Africa’s south coast due to El Niño–Southern Oscillation phase state

Author

Duncan, M.I., James, N.C., Bates, A.E., Goschen, W.S., and Potts, W.M.

Subjects
coastal climate change, environmental variability, La Niña phases, sea surface temperature, time-series data, underwater temperature, upwelling index
Abstract

The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phase state is reported to drive interannual variability in sea temperatures along South Africa’s south coast through its influence on wind-induced upwelling processes. Whether ENSO drives the intensity of localised, abrupt, intermittent upwelling is less well known. To explore this relationship, we used an index of localised, extreme (>2 °C anomaly), intermittent upwelling intensity, derived from in situ sea temperature data within the Tsitsikamma National Park Marine Protected Area, and quantified the relationship between annual cumulative upwelling intensities (1991–2013) with an annual ENSO index, namely the Southern Oscillation Index. We found that ENSO phase state modulates the cumulative intensity of extreme intermittent upwelling events during an annual period, with more and greater events during La Niña phases compared with El Niño phases. Furthermore, these extreme upwelling events have increased with time along South Africa’s south coast as ENSO phase state becomes more intense and variable. Our findings support the emerging notion that the biological effects of climate change may be manifested through increased environmental variability rather than long-term mean environmental changes as ENSO is predicted to remain the dominant driver of local climate patterns in the future.Keywords: coastal climate change, environmental variability, La Niña phases, sea surface temperature, time-series data, underwater temperature, upwelling index

Published
2019

10. COVID-19 lockdown allows researchers to quantify the effects of human activity on wildlife

Author

Rutz, C., Loretto, M.C., Bates, A.E., Davidson, S.C., Duarte, C.M., Jetz, W., Johnson, M., Kato, A., Kays, R., Mueller, T., Primack, R.B., Ropert-Coudert, Y., Tucker, M.A., Cagnacci, F., Rutz, C., Loretto, M.C., Bates, A.E., Davidson, S.C., Duarte, C.M., Jetz, W., Johnson, M., Kato, A., Kays, R., Mueller, T., Primack, R.B., Ropert-Coudert, Y., Tucker, M.A., and Cagnacci, F.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 228864.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access)

Published
2020

11. Mapping human pressures on biodiversity across the planet uncovers anthropogenic threat complexes

Author

Bowler, Diana, Bjorkman, A.D., Dornelas, M., Myers-Smith, I.H., Navarro, L.M., Niamir, A., Supp, S.R., Waldock, C., Winter, M., Vellend, M., Blowes, S.A., Böhning‐Gaese, K., Bruelheide, H., Elahi, R., Antão, L.H., Hines, J., Isbell, F., Jones, H.P., Magurran, A.E., Sarmento Cabral, J., Bates, A.E., Bowler, Diana, Bjorkman, A.D., Dornelas, M., Myers-Smith, I.H., Navarro, L.M., Niamir, A., Supp, S.R., Waldock, C., Winter, M., Vellend, M., Blowes, S.A., Böhning‐Gaese, K., Bruelheide, H., Elahi, R., Antão, L.H., Hines, J., Isbell, F., Jones, H.P., Magurran, A.E., Sarmento Cabral, J., and Bates, A.E.

Abstract

Climate change and other anthropogenic drivers of biodiversity change are unequally distributed across the world. Overlap in the distributions of different drivers have important implications for biodiversity change attribution and the potential for interactive effects. However, the spatial relationships among different drivers and whether they differ between the terrestrial and marine realm has yet to be examined.We compiled global gridded datasets on climate change, land‐use, resource exploitation, pollution, alien species potential and human population density. We used multivariate statistics to examine the spatial relationships among the drivers and to characterize the typical combinations of drivers experienced by different regions of the world.We found stronger positive correlations among drivers in the terrestrial than in the marine realm, leading to areas with high intensities of multiple drivers on land. Climate change tended to be negatively correlated with other drivers in the terrestrial realm (e.g. in the tundra and boreal forest with high climate change but low human use and pollution), whereas the opposite was true in the marine realm (e.g. in the Indo‐Pacific with high climate change and high fishing).We show that different regions of the world can be defined by Anthropogenic Threat Complexes (ATCs), distinguished by different sets of drivers with varying intensities. We identify 11 ATCs that can be used to test hypotheses about patterns of biodiversity and ecosystem change, especially about the joint effects of multiple drivers.Our global analysis highlights the broad conservation priorities needed to mitigate the impacts of anthropogenic change, with different priorities emerging on land and in the ocean, and in different parts of the world.

Published
2020

12. Physiological acclimation and persistence of ecothermic species under extreme heat events

Author

Morley, S.A., Peck, L.S., Sunday, J., Heiser, S., Bates, A.E., Morley, S.A., Peck, L.S., Sunday, J., Heiser, S., and Bates, A.E.

Abstract

Aim To test if physiological acclimation can buffer species against increasing extreme heat due to climate change. Location Global. Time period 1960 to 2015. Major taxa studied Amphibians, arthropods, brachiopods, cnidarians, echinoderms, fishes, molluscs, reptiles. Methods We draw together new and existing data quantifying the warm acclimation response in 319 species as the acclimation response ratio (ARR): the increase in upper thermal limit per degree increase in experimental temperature. We develop worst-case scenario climate projections to calculate the number of years and generations gained by ARR until loss of thermal safety. We further compute a vulnerability score that integrates across variables estimating exposure to climate change and species-specific tolerance through traits, including physiological plasticity, generation time and latitudinal range extent. Results ARR is highly variable, but with marked differences across taxa, habitats and latitude. Polar terrestrial arthropods show high ARRs [95% upper confidence limit (UCL95%) = 0.68], as do some polar aquatic invertebrates that were acclimated for extended durations (ARR > 0.4). While this physiological plasticity buys 100s of years until thermal safety is lost, combination with long generation times leads to decreased potential for evolutionary adaptation. Additionally, 27% of marine polar invertebrates have no capacity for acclimation and reptiles and amphibians have minimal ARR (UCL95% = 0.16). Low physiological plasticity, long generations times and restricted latitudinal ranges combine to distinguish reptiles, amphibians and polar invertebrates as being highly vulnerable amongst ectotherms. Main conclusions In some taxa the combined effects of acclimation capacity and generation time can provide 100s of years and generations before thermal safety is lost. The accuracy of assessments of vulnerability to climate change will be improved by considering multiple aspects of species' biology that, in

Published
2019

13. Climate change threatens the world's marine protected areas

Author

Van Hooidonk, R., Henson, S.A., Amstrup, S.C., Cacciapaglia, C., Aronson, R.B., Pike, E.P., Bruno, J.F., and Bates, A.E.

Abstract

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are a primary management tool for mitigating threats to marine biodiversity 1,2 . MPAs and the species they protect, however, are increasingly being impacted by climate change. Here we show that, despite local protections, the warming associated with continued business-as-usual emissions (RCP8.5) 3 will likely result in further habitat and species losses throughout low-latitude and tropical MPAs 4,5 . With continued business-as-usual emissions, mean sea-surface temperatures within MPAs are projected to increase 0.035 °C per year and warm an additional 2.8 °C by 2100. Under these conditions, the time of emergence (the year when sea-surface temperature and oxygen concentration exceed natural variability) is mid-century in 42% of 309 no-take marine reserves. Moreover, projected warming rates and the existing 'community thermal safety margin' (the inherent buffer against warming based on the thermal sensitivity of constituent species) both vary among ecoregions and with latitude. The community thermal safety margin will be exceeded by 2050 in the tropics and by 2150 for many higher latitude MPAs. Importantly, the spatial distribution of emergence is stressor-specific. Hence, rearranging MPAs to minimize exposure to one stressor could well increase exposure to another. Continued business-as-usual emissions will likely disrupt many marine ecosystems, reducing the benefits of MPAs.

Published
2018
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14. The geography of the Anthropocene differs between the land and the sea

Author

Bowler, D.E., primary, Bjorkman, A.D., additional, Dornelas, M., additional, Myers-Smith, I.H., additional, Navarro, L. M., additional, Niamir, A., additional, Supp, S.R., additional, Waldock, C., additional, Vellend, M., additional, Blowes, S. A., additional, Böhning-Gaese, K., additional, Bruelheide, H., additional, Elahi, R., additional, Antão, L.H., additional, Hines, J., additional, Isbell, F., additional, Jones, H.P., additional, Magurran, A.E., additional, Cabral, J. S., additional, Winter, M., additional, and Bates, A.E., additional

Published
2018
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15. BioTIME: A database of biodiversity time series for the Anthropocene

Author

Dornelas, M., Antão, L.H., Moyes, F., Bates, A.E., Magurran, Anne E., Adam, D., Akhmetzhanova, A.A., Appeltans, W., Arcos, J.M., Arnold, H., Ayyappan, N., Prins, H.H.T., Dornelas, M., Antão, L.H., Moyes, F., Bates, A.E., Magurran, Anne E., Adam, D., Akhmetzhanova, A.A., Appeltans, W., Arcos, J.M., Arnold, H., Ayyappan, N., and Prins, H.H.T.

Abstract

Motivation: The BioTIME database contains raw data on species identities and abundances in ecological assemblages through time. These data enable users to calculate temporal trends in biodiversity within and amongst assemblages using a broad range of metrics. BioTIME is being developed as a community‐led open‐source database of biodiversity time series. Our goal is to accelerate and facilitate quantitative analysis of temporal patterns of biodiversity in the Anthropocene. Main types of variables included: The database contains 8,777,413 species abundance records, from assemblages consistently sampled for a minimum of 2 years, which need not necessarily be consecutive. In addition, the database contains metadata relating to sampling methodology and contextual information about each record. Spatial location and grain: BioTIME is a global database of 547,161 unique sampling locations spanning the marine, freshwater and terrestrial realms. Grain size varies across datasets from 0.0000000158 km2 (158 cm2) to 100 km2 (1,000,000,000,000 cm2). Time period and grain: BioTIME records span from 1874 to 2016. The minimal temporal grain across all datasets in BioTIME is a year. Major taxa and level of measurement: BioTIME includes data from 44,440 species across the plant and animal kingdoms, ranging from plants, plankton and terrestrial invertebrates to small and large vertebrates. Software format: .csv and .SQL.

Published
2018

16. Dataset: BioTIME: A database of biodiversity time series for the Anthropocene

Author

Dornelas, M., Antão, L.H., Moyes, F., Bates, A.E., Magurran, Anne E., Adam, D., Akhmetzhanova, A.A., Appeltans, W., Arcos, J.M., Arnold, H., Prins, Herbert, Dornelas, M., Antão, L.H., Moyes, F., Bates, A.E., Magurran, Anne E., Adam, D., Akhmetzhanova, A.A., Appeltans, W., Arcos, J.M., Arnold, H., and Prins, Herbert

Abstract

The BioTIME database contains raw data on species identities and abundances in ecological assemblages through time. The database consists of 11 tables; one raw data table plus ten related meta data tables. For further information please see our associated data paper. This data consists of several elements: BioTIMESQL_02_04_2018.sql - an SQL file for the full public version of BioTIME which can be imported into any mySQL database. BioTIMEQuery_02_04_2018.csv - data file, although too large to view in Excel, this can be read into several software applications such as R or various database packages. BioTIMEMetadata_02_04_2018.csv - file containing the meta data for all studies. BioTIMECitations_02_04_2018.csv - file containing the citation list for all studies. BioTIMECitations_02_04_2018.xlsx - file containing the citation list for all studies (some special characters are not supported in the csv format). BioTIMEInteractions_02_04_2018.Rmd - an r markdown page providing a brief overview of how to interact with the database and associated .csv files (this will not work until field paths and database connections have been added/updated).

Published
2018

17. Methods for the study of marine biodiversity

Author

Costello, M.J., Basher, Z., McLeod, L., Asaad, I., Claus, S., Vandepitte, L., Yasuhara, M., Gislason, H., Edwards, M., Appeltans, W., Enevoldsen, H., Edgar, G.J., Miloslavich, P., De Monte, S., Pinto, I.S., Obura, D., and Bates, A.E.

Subjects
Monitoring, Methods, Biodiversity, Sampling
Abstract

Recognition of the threats to biodiversity and its importance to society has led to calls for globally coordinated sampling of trends in marine ecosystems. As a step to defining such efforts, we review current methods of collecting and managing marine biodiversity data. A fundamental component of marine biodiversity is knowing what, where, and when species are present. However, monitoring methods are invariably biased in what taxa, ecological guilds, and body sizes they collect. In addition, the data need to be placed, and/or mapped, into an environmental context. Thus a suite of methods will be needed to encompass representative components of biodiversity in an ecosystem. Some sampling methods can damage habitat and kill species, including unnecessary bycatch. Less destructive alternatives are preferable, especially in conservation areas, such as photography, hydrophones, tagging, acoustics, artificial substrata, light-traps, hook and line, and live-traps. Here we highlight examples of operational international sampling programmes and data management infrastructures, notably the Continuous Plankton Recorder, Reef Life Survey, and detection of Harmful Algal Blooms and MarineGEO. Data management infrastructures include the World Register of Marine Species for species nomenclature and attributes, the Ocean Biogeographic Information System for distribution data, Marine Regions for maps, and Global Marine Environmental Datasets for global environmental data. Existing national sampling programmes, such as fishery trawl surveys and intertidal surveys, may provide a global perspective if their data can be integrated to provide useful information. Less utilised and emerging sampling methods, such as artificial substrata, light-traps, microfossils and eDNA also hold promise for sampling the less studied components of biodiversity. All of these initiatives need to develop international standards and protocols, and long-term plans for their governance and support.

Published
2017

18. New Approaches to Marine Conservation Through the Scaling Up of Ecological Data

Author

Edgar, G.J., Bates, A.E., Bird, T.J., Jones, A.H., Kininmonth, S., Stuart-Smith, R.D., and Webb, T.J.

Abstract

In an era of rapid global change, conservation managers urgently need improved tools to track and counter declining ecosystem conditions. This need is particularly acute in the marine realm, where threats are out of sight, inadequately mapped, cumulative, and often poorly understood, thereby generating impacts that are inefficiently managed. Recent advances in macroecology, statistical analysis, and the compilation of global data will play a central role in improving conservation outcomes, provided that global, regional, and local data streams can be integrated to produce locally relevant and interpretable outputs. Progress will be assisted by (a) expanded rollout of systematic surveys that quantify species patterns, including some carried out with help from citizen scientists; (b) coordinated experimental research networks that utilize large-scale manipulations to identify mechanisms underlying these patterns

Published
2016

19. Rates of warming and the global sensitivity of shallow water marine invertebrates to elevated temperature

Author

Morley, S.A., Bates, A.E., Lamare, M, Richard, J, Nguyen, K.D., Brown, J, Peck, L.S., Morley, S.A., Bates, A.E., Lamare, M, Richard, J, Nguyen, K.D., Brown, J, and Peck, L.S.

Abstract

Assessing the sensitivity of ectotherms to variability in their environment is a key challenge, especially in the face of rapid warming of the Earth's surface. Comparing the upper temperature limits of species from different regions, at different rates of warming, has recently been developed as a method to estimate the long term sensitivity of shallow marine fauna. This paper presents the first preliminary data from four tropical Ascension Island, five temperate New Zealand and six Antarctic McMurdo Sound species. The slopes and intercepts of these three assemblages fitted within the overall pattern for previously measured assemblages from high temperature tolerance in tropical fauna and a shallow slope, to low temperature tolerance and a steep slope in Antarctic fauna. Despite the tropical oceanic Ascension Island being subject to upwelling events, the fit of the intercept and slope within the overall assemblage pattern suggests that the upwelling is sufficiently predictable for the fauna to have evolved the plasticity to respond. This contrasts with previously analysed species from the Peruvian upwelling region, which had a steeper slope than other temperate fauna. The speed and capacity of faunal assemblages to acclimatize their physiology is likely to determine the shape of the rates of warming relationship, and will be a key mechanism underpinning vulnerability to climate warming.

Published
2016

20. Phylogenetic characterization of episymbiotic bacteria hosted by a hydrothermal vent limpet (Lepetodrilidae, Vetigastropoda)

Author

Bates, A.E., Harme, T.L., Roeselers, G., and Cavanaugh, C.M.

Subjects
animal structures, MSB - Microbiology and Systems Biology, Life, fungi, Biology Health, Biomedical Innovation, EELS - Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences, Healthy Living
Abstract

Marine invertebrates hosting chemosynthetic bacterial symbionts are known from multiple phyla and represent remarkable diversity in form and function. The deep-sea hydrothermal vent limpet Lepetodrilus fucensis from the Juan de Fuca Ridge complex hosts a gill symbiosis of particular interest because it displays a morphology unique among molluscs: filamentous bacteria are found partially embedded in the host's gill epithelium and extend into the fluids circulating across the lamellae. Our objective was to investigate the phylogenetic affiliation of the limpet's primary gill symbionts for comparison with previously characterized bacteria. Comparative 16S rRNA sequence analysis identified one γ- and three ε-Proteobacteria as candidate symbionts. We used fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to test which of these four candidates occur with the limpet's symbiotic gill bacteria. The γ-proteobacterial probes consistently hybridized to the entire area where symbiotic bacteria were found, but fluorescence signal from the ε-proteobacterial probes was generally absent. Amplification of the γ-proteobacterial 16S rRNA gene using a specific forward primer yielded a sequence similar to that of limpets collected from different ridge sections. In total, direct amplification or FISH identified a single γ-proteobacterial lineage from the gills of 23 specimens from vents separated by a distance up to about 200 km and collected over the course of 2 years, suggesting a highly specific and widespread symbiosis. Thus, we report the first filamentous γ-proteobacterial gill symbiont hosted by a mollusc.

Published
2011

21. Spatial and temporal variation in the heat tolerance limits of two abundant Southern Ocean invertebrates

Author

Morley, Simon, Martin, S.M., Bates, A.E., Clark, Melody, Ericson, J., Lamare, M., Peck, Lloyd, Morley, Simon, Martin, S.M., Bates, A.E., Clark, Melody, Ericson, J., Lamare, M., and Peck, Lloyd

Abstract

While, in lower latitudes, population-level differences in heat tolerance are linked to temperature variability, in the Southern Ocean remarkably stable year-round temperatures prevail. Temporal variation in the physiology of Antarctic ectotherms is therefore thought to be driven by the intense seasonality in primary productivity. Here we tested for differences in the acute upper temperature limits (lethal and activity) of 2 Antarctic marine invertebrates (the omnivorous starfish Odontaster validus and the filter-feeding clam Laternula elliptica) across latitude, seasons and years. Acute thermal responses in the starfish (righting and feeding) and clam (burrowing) differed between populations collected at 77° S (McMurdo Sound) and 67° S (Marguerite Bay). Both species displayed significantly higher temperature performance at 67° S, where seawater can reach a maximum of +1.8°C in summer versus −0.5°C at 77° S, showing that even the narrow spatial and temporal variation in environmental temperature in Antarctica is biologically meaningful to these stenothermal invertebrates. Temporal comparisons of heat tolerance also demonstrated seasonal differences in acute upper limits for survival that were consistent with physiological acclimatisation: lethal limits were lower in winter than summer and higher in warm years than cool years. However, clams had greater inter-annual variation of temperature limits than was observed for starfish, suggesting that variation in food availability is also an important factor, particularly for primary consumers. Teasing out the interaction of multiple factors on thermal tolerance will be important for refining species-specific predictions of climate change impacts.

Published
2012

23. BioTIME: A database of biodiversity time series for the Anthropocene

Author

Grace E. Frank, Alecia Bellgrove, Flaviana Maluf Souza, Fakhrizal Setiawan, Vladimir G. Onipchenko, Miguel Barbosa, J. Emmett Duffy, Robert A. Davis, Giselda Durigan, Jan Vanaverbeke, Ricardo Rocha, Ana Paula Savassi-Coutinho, Francis Neat, Emily H. Stanley, Erkki Pulliainen, Vinicius Castro Souza, Stephen F. Newton, N. A. Mil'chakova, Annika Hofgaard, James A. Nelson, Elisabeth J. Cooper, Lisandro Benedetti-Cecchi, Sonja Wipf, Anders Enemar, Gabriel Barros Gonçalves de Souza, Claire Laguionie-Marchais, Dušan Adam, Robert N. L. Fitt, Christopher P. Bloch, Claus Bässler, Gediminas Vaitkus, Magdalena Błażewicz, Robert R. Twilley, Richard Condit, B.R. Ramesh, Chaolun Allen Chen, Grace E. P. Murphy, Kevin P. Robinson, Gal Badihi, Lars G. Rudstam, J. Jonathan Moore, David M. Paterson, Sarah R. Supp, Claire E. Widdicombe, Suzanne M. Remillard, Hans M. Verheye, Jill F. Johnstone, Claire H. Davies, Shane A. Blowes, Mark E. Harmon, Rick D. Stuart-Smith, Andrew J. Brooks, Gert Van Hoey, José Eduardo Rebelo, Anna Maria Fosaa, Tim S. Doherty, Jasper A. Slingsby, Francesco Pomati, Raphaël Pélissier, Ward Appeltans, José Manuel Arcos, Phaedra Budy, Victor H. Rivera-Monroy, Maria Teresa Zugliani Toniato, Anthony J. Richardson, Luiz Fernando Loureiro Fernandes, Christopher D. Stallings, Rowan Stanforth, David J. Kushner, A. A. Akhmetzhanova, Geraldo Antônio Daher Corrêa Franco, Alessandra Fidelis, Elizabeth Gorgone-Barbosa, Dave Watts, S.A. Tarigan, Timothy C. Bonebrake, Kent P. McFarland, Jonathan Belmaker, Shahar Malamud, Kamil Král, John D. Lloyd, Diane M. McKnight, Alessandra Rocha Kortz, Luise Hermanutz, Tore Johannessen, N. Ayyappan, Brian J. Bett, Haley Arnold, Fernando Rodrigues da Silva, Peter L. Meserve, Francisco Lloret, Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia, Michael R. Willig, Linda A. Kuhnz, Esther Lévesque, Kwang-Tsao Shao, Sofía Sal, Robert D. Hollister, Andrew Rassweiler, Christoph F. J. Meyer, Jeffrey C. Oliver, Isla H. Myers-Smith, Graham J. Edgar, Jacek Siciński, Beatriz Salgado, Fábio Venturoli, Matt Bradford, Borgþór Magnússon, Edward Castañeda-Moya, Anne D. Bjorkman, Eric Post, Alain Paquette, Or Givan, Jonathan S. Lefcheck, Falk Huettmann, Fábio Lang da Silveira, Roberto Cazzolla Gatti, Thomas J. Valone, Sarah C. Elmendorf, Sinta Pardede, Esben Moland Olsen, Laura Siegwart Collier, Flavio Antonio Maës dos Santos, Andrew H. Baird, Cheol Min Lee, Robert B. Waide, Olivia Mendivil Ramos, David C. Lightfoot, Stefan B. Williams, Ute Jandt, David Janík, Stephen S. Hale, Robin Elahi, Andrew L. Rypel, S. K. Morgan Ernest, Jörg Müller, Gaius R. Shaver, Anna Jażdżewska, José Mauro Sterza, Maarten Stevens, Denise de Cerqueira Rossa-Feres, Dor Edelist, Martha Isabel Vallejo, Michael Paul Nelson, Conor Waldock, Ricardo Ribeiro Rodrigues, Sally Sherman, Dustin J. Wilgers, Sharon K. Collinge, Kristen T. Holeck, Josep Peñuelas, Douglas A. Kelt, Tiago Egydio Barreto, Faye Moyes, Robert L. Schooley, Peter B. Reich, Jason Meador, Anders Michelsen, J. Paul Richardson, Sara J. Snell, Julio R. Gutiérrez, Chih-hao Hsieh, Gary D. Grossman, Hernando García, Ana Carolina da Silva, Kyle J. A. Zawada, Richard T. Holmes, John C. Priscu, Christine L. Huffard, Christian Rixen, William O. McLarney, Julia A. Jones, Anne Tolvanen, William A. Gould, Maite Louzao, Alejandro Pérez-Matus, Donald L. Henshaw, Kathleen L. Prudic, Herbert H. T. Prins, Helge Bruelheide, Catalina S. Ruz, Rui P. Vieira, Gary P. Thiede, Erin C. Keeley, James H. Brown, William R. Fraser, Pieter Provoost, Andrew S. Hoey, Robert J. Pabst, Kerry D. Woods, Fabiano Turini Farah, Nancy B. Rybicki, Sara E. Scanga, Trevor J. Willis, Daniel J. Metcalfe, Mark Williamson, Joshua S. Madin, Tasrif Kartawijaya, Brian J. McGill, Erica M. Sampaio, Shannan K. Crow, Stephen P. Hubbell, Jochen Schmidt, Daniel C. Reed, Steven Degraer, Laura H. Antão, Krzysztof Pabis, Christopher C. Koenig, Fernando Carvalho, Marcelo Vianna, Anne E. Magurran, Marc Estiarte, Rebecca Kinnear, Tracey Smart, Lesley T. Lancaster, Frank P. Day, Natalia Norden, Unai Cotano, Fábio Z. Farneda, Nelson Valdivia, Corinna Gries, Tomasz Wesołowski, Pedro Higuchi, Jungwon Kang, Randall W. Myster, Itai van Rijn, Oscar Pizarro, Michael L. Zettler, Simon Thorn, Thomas W. Sherry, Timothy E. Dunn, Tung-Yung Fan, Susan Boyd, Adrià López-Baucells, Tomáš Vrška, Tory J. Chase, Ruben Escribano, R. Williams, Carolina Mathias Moreira, John F. Chamblee, Con Quang Vu, Halvor Knutsen, Amanda E. Bates, Maria Dornelas, Kari Klanderud, Jorge Yoshio Tamashiro, Tom Moens, Sara L. Webb, Iain Matthews, Carl Van Colen, Chao-Yang Kuo, Caya Sievers, Faith A. M. Jones, Gary Haskins, Eric J. Woehler, J. Hans C. Cornelissen, Allen H. Hurlbert, Mia O. Hoogenboom, Pamela Hidalgo, Henry A. Ruhl, Brian S. Evans, Ørjan Totland, Lien Van Vu, Yzel Rondon Súarez, Gabriella Damasceno, Even Moland, John Harte, Andrew Naumov, Ethan P. White, Natália Macedo Ivanauskas, Systems Ecology, International Oceanographic Data and Information Exchange (IODE) of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, Oostende, Safety science group, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Institut Français de Pondichéry (IFP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères (MEAE), Department of Biology [Pisa], University of Pisa - Università di Pisa, CSIRO Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), Management Unit of the Mathematical Model of the North Sea, Royal Belgian Insitute of Natural Sciences, Floresta Estadual Assis, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CEAB-CSIC, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona [Barcelona] (UAB), National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Polar Oceans Research Group [USA], Department of Zoology, Tel Aviv University [Tel Aviv], Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), EWHALE Laboratory of Biology and Wildlife Department, Institute of Arctic Biology-University of Alaska [Fairbanks] (UAF), Laboratory of Polar Biology and Oceanobiology, University of Lódź, Dept Ecol Evol Biol, Univ California SC (EEB-UCSC), University of California [Santa Cruz] (UCSC), University of California-University of California, Département de chimie-biologie & Centre d’études nordiques [CANADA], Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), Human Communication Technologies Research Laboratory (UBC), University of British Columbia (UBC), Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia, Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Department of Biology [Copenhagen], Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Institute of Marine Research, Flødevigen Marine Research Station, Computer Laboratory [Cambridge], University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Aarhus University [Aarhus], Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre for Forest Research (CFR), Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), The Centre for Applied Genomics, Toronto, University of Toronto-The Hospital for Sick Children-Department of Molecular Genetics-McLaughlin Centre, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Centro de Investigación Oceanográfica en el Pacífico Sur Oriental (COPAS), Universidad de Concepción [Chile], Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Department of Biological Science [Tallahassee], Florida State University [Tallahassee] (FSU), Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities], University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Communication Systems Group [Zurich], Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Academia Sinica, Facultad Ciencias del Mar, universidad catolica del Norte, Marine Biology Section, Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Department of Avian Ecology, Wrocław University, Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML), Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies [Horbat] (IMAS), University of Tasmania (UTAS), European Project: 610028,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2013-SyG,IMBALANCE-P(2014), Dornelas, Maria, University of St Andrews. School of Biology, University of St Andrews. Fish Behaviour and Biodiversity Research Group, University of St Andrews. Marine Alliance for Science & Technology Scotland, University of St Andrews. Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews. Institute of Behavioural and Neural Sciences, University of St Andrews. St Andrews Sustainability Institute, University of St Andrews. Centre for Research into Ecological & Environmental Modelling, University of St Andrews. Sediment Ecology Research Group, University of St Andrews. Centre for Higher Education Research, Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères (MEAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Tel Aviv University (TAU), University of California [Santa Cruz] (UC Santa Cruz), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Flødevigen Research Station (IMR), Institute of Marine Research [Bergen] (IMR), University of Bergen (UiB)-University of Bergen (UiB), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), The Hospital for sick children [Toronto] (SickKids)-University of Toronto-Department of Molecular Genetics-McLaughlin Centre, Universidad de Concepción - University of Concepcion [Chile], University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), University of Wrocław [Poland] (UWr), Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies [Hobart] (IMAS), University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, University of Toronto-The Hospital for sick children [Toronto] (SickKids)-Department of Molecular Genetics-McLaughlin Centre, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Dornelas M., Antao L.H., Moyes F., Bates A.E., Magurran A.E., Adam D., Akhmetzhanova A.A., Appeltans W., Arcos J.M., Arnold H., Ayyappan N., Badihi G., Baird A.H., Barbosa M., Barreto T.E., Bassler C., Bellgrove A., Belmaker J., Benedetti-Cecchi L., Bett B.J., Bjorkman A.D., Blazewicz M., Blowes S.A., Bloch C.P., Bonebrake T.C., Boyd S., Bradford M., Brooks A.J., Brown J.H., Bruelheide H., Budy P., Carvalho F., Castaneda-Moya E., Chen C.A., Chamblee J.F., Chase T.J., Siegwart Collier L., Collinge S.K., Condit R., Cooper E.J., Cornelissen J.H.C., Cotano U., Kyle Crow S., Damasceno G., Davies C.H., Davis R.A., Day F.P., Degraer S., Doherty T.S., Dunn T.E., Durigan G., Duffy J.E., Edelist D., Edgar G.J., Elahi R., Elmendorf S.C., Enemar A., Ernest S.K.M., Escribano R., Estiarte M., Evans B.S., Fan T.-Y., Turini Farah F., Loureiro Fernandes L., Farneda F.Z., Fidelis A., Fitt R., Fosaa A.M., Daher Correa Franco G.A., Frank G.E., Fraser W.R., Garcia H., Cazzolla Gatti R., Givan O., Gorgone-Barbosa E., Gould W.A., Gries C., Grossman G.D., Gutierrez J.R., Hale S., Harmon M.E., Harte J., Haskins G., Henshaw D.L., Hermanutz L., Hidalgo P., Higuchi P., Hoey A., Van Hoey G., Hofgaard A., Holeck K., Hollister R.D., Holmes R., Hoogenboom M., Hsieh C.-H., Hubbell S.P., Huettmann F., Huffard C.L., Hurlbert A.H., Macedo Ivanauskas N., Janik D., Jandt U., Jazdzewska A., Johannessen T., Johnstone J., Jones J., Jones F.A.M., Kang J., Kartawijaya T., Keeley E.C., Kelt D.A., Kinnear R., Klanderud K., Knutsen H., Koenig C.C., Kortz A.R., Kral K., Kuhnz L.A., Kuo C.-Y., Kushner D.J., Laguionie-Marchais C., Lancaster L.T., Min Lee C., Lefcheck J.S., Levesque E., Lightfoot D., Lloret F., Lloyd J.D., Lopez-Baucells A., Louzao M., Madin J.S., Magnusson B., Malamud S., Matthews I., McFarland K.P., McGill B., McKnight D., McLarney W.O., Meador J., Meserve P.L., Metcalfe D.J., Meyer C.F.J., Michelsen A., Milchakova N., Moens T., Moland E., Moore J., Mathias Moreira C., Muller J., Murphy G., Myers-Smith I.H., Myster R.W., Naumov A., Neat F., Nelson J.A., Paul Nelson M., Newton S.F., Norden N., Oliver J.C., Olsen E.M., Onipchenko V.G., Pabis K., Pabst R.J., Paquette A., Pardede S., Paterson D.M., Pelissier R., Penuelas J., Perez-Matus A., Pizarro O., Pomati F., Post E., Prins H.H.T., Priscu J.C., Provoost P., Prudic K.L., Pulliainen E., Ramesh B.R., Mendivil Ramos O., Rassweiler A., Rebelo J.E., Reed D.C., Reich P.B., Remillard S.M., Richardson A.J., Richardson J.P., van Rijn I., Rocha R., Rivera-Monroy V.H., Rixen C., Robinson K.P., Ribeiro Rodrigues R., de Cerqueira Rossa-Feres D., Rudstam L., Ruhl H., Ruz C.S., Sampaio E.M., Rybicki N., Rypel A., Sal S., Salgado B., Santos F.A.M., Savassi-Coutinho A.P., Scanga S., Schmidt J., Schooley R., Setiawan F., Shao K.-T., Shaver G.R., Sherman S., Sherry T.W., Sicinski J., Sievers C., da Silva A.C., Rodrigues da Silva F., Silveira F.L., Slingsby J., Smart T., Snell S.J., Soudzilovskaia N.A., Souza G.B.G., Maluf Souza F., Castro Souza V., Stallings C.D., Stanforth R., Stanley E.H., Mauro Sterza J., Stevens M., Stuart-Smith R., Rondon Suarez Y., Supp S., Yoshio Tamashiro J., Tarigan S., Thiede G.P., Thorn S., Tolvanen A., Teresa Zugliani Toniato M., Totland O., Twilley R.R., Vaitkus G., Valdivia N., Vallejo M.I., Valone T.J., Van Colen C., Vanaverbeke J., Venturoli F., Verheye H.M., Vianna M., Vieira R.P., Vrska T., Quang Vu C., Van Vu L., Waide R.B., Waldock C., Watts D., Webb S., Wesolowski T., White E.P., Widdicombe C.E., Wilgers D., Williams R., Williams S.B., Williamson M., Willig M.R., Willis T.J., Wipf S., Woods K.D., Woehler E.J., Zawada K., Zettler M.L., The Wellcome Trust, European Research Council, and University of St Andrews. Centre for Biological Diversity

Subjects
Data Papers, 0106 biological sciences, Range (biology), QH301 Biology, temporal, NERC, Biodiversity, Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480 [VDP], BIALOWIEZA NATIONAL-PARK, special, computer.software_genre, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 01 natural sciences, species richness, SDG 15 - Life on Land, biodiversity, Global and Planetary Change, B003-ecology, Database, Ecology, Sampling (statistics), SIMULATED HERBIVORY, supporting technologies, LAND-BRIDGE ISLANDS, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, PE&RC, global, PRIMEVAL TEMPERATE FOREST, Geography, POPULATION TRENDS, turnover, Data Paper, SECONDARY FOREST, Evolution, ESTUARINE COASTAL LAGOON, 010603 evolutionary biology, QH301, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Behavior and Systematics, Anthropocene, spatial, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480, species richne, 14. Life underwater, SDG 14 - Life Below Water, NE/L002531/1, ZA4450, Relative species abundance, ZA4450 Databases, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, RCUK, Biology and Life Sciences, DAS, 15. Life on land, DECIDUOUS FOREST, Taxon, Fish, 13. Climate action, MCP, Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, LONG-TERM CHANGE, Species richness, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, computer, BIRD COMMUNITY DYNAMICS, VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480
Abstract

Motivation The BioTIME database contains raw data on species identities and abundances in ecological assemblages through time. These data enable users to calculate temporal trends in biodiversity within and amongst assemblages using a broad range of metrics. BioTIME is being developed as a community-led open-source database of biodiversity time series. Our goal is to accelerate and facilitate quantitative analysis of temporal patterns of biodiversity in the Anthropocene. Main types of variables included The database contains 8,777,413 species abundance records, from assemblages consistently sampled for a minimum of 2 years, which need not necessarily be consecutive. In addition, the database contains metadata relating to sampling methodology and contextual information about each record. Spatial location and grain BioTIME is a global database of 547,161 unique sampling locations spanning the marine, freshwater and terrestrial realms. Grain size varies across datasets from 0.0000000158 km2 (158 cm2) to 100 km2 (1,000,000,000,000 cm2). Time period and grain BioTIME records span from 1874 to 2016. The minimal temporal grain across all datasets in BioTIME is a year. Major taxa and level of measurement BioTIME includes data from 44,440 species across the plant and animal kingdoms, ranging from plants, plankton and terrestrial invertebrates to small and large vertebrates. Software format .csv and .SQL., Global Ecology and Biogeography, 27 (7), ISSN:1466-822X, ISSN:1466-8238

Published
2018
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