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1. Effect of precursor pH on the electrochemically synthesised barium titanium sulphide (BaTiS) material for photovoltaic application.

Author

Okechukwu, Emmanuel O., Ikhioya, Imosobomeh L., and Ekpunobi, Azubuike J.

Subjects
*BARIUM, *PH effect, *TITANIUM, *SULFIDES, *THIN films
Abstract

In this study, we deposited the electrochemically synthesised barium titanium sulphide material for photovoltaic application on FTO glass and studied the effect of precursor pH. The thin films deposited with titanium-doped barium sulphide underwent examination for their optical, structural, electrical, and surface morphological properties. As the wavelength of the photon increased, the absorbance decreased. The Ti-doped CuS thin film had the highest absorbance value (0.79) at pH 4.60 and the lowest value (0.48) at pH 5.10. The films deposited at pH 5.10, 4.90, 4.80, 4.70, and 4.60 yielded data of 0.48, 0.56, 0.62, 0.73, and 0.79. The energy band gaps for the thin films deposited at pH 5.1, 4.9, 4.8, 4.7, and 4.6 were 2.90 eV, 2.87 eV, 2.79 eV, 2.60 eV, and 2.42 eV, respectively. The film’s energy bandgap decreased as the bath pH decreased, as indicated by the results. The X-ray diffraction findings unveiled a cubic structural phase of barium sulphide, with a lattice constant of 6.3748 Å. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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2. Investigating the influence of precursor temperature on the bandgap energy, structural, and morphological features of Ti-doped barium sulphide material for photovoltaic application

Author

Emmanuel O Okechukwua, Imosobomeh L Ikhioya, and Azubuike J Ekpunobi

Subjects
batis, bandgap energy, structural, morphology, metals, fto, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

In this study, we use electrochemical deposition on FTO to grow BaTiS thin films. By varying the temperature of the precursors, we conducted thorough growth studies to understand how these process parameters affected the structure of BaTiS films. The diffraction peaks in the XRD pattern match the cubic barium sulfide structural phase. The observed peaks, 39.994 ° and 65.742 ° at 35 °C; 39.982 ° and 65.717 ° at 45 °C, and 39.995 °, 63.920 °, and 65.856 ° at 55 °C. The film deposited at 55 °C had a surface morphology with uniformly distributed spherical-shaped particles that formed agglomerations. The film's surface was smooth, providing a clearer look at the grain boundaries, suggesting a polycrystalline composition. The films deposited at temperatures of 35 °C, 40 °C, 45 °C, 50 °C, and 55 °C yielded energy band gaps of 2.98 eV, 2.90 eV, 2.69 eV, 2.68 eV, and 2.30 eV, respectively. The result showed that the films' energy band gap decreased as the deposition temperature increased. The varied energy bandgap of the films confirmed the effects of deposition temperature on the films.

Published
2024
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3. A hurricane alters the relationship between mangrove cover and marine subsidies.

Author

Peng, Dan, Montelongo, Denise C., Wu, Leslie, Armitage, Anna R., Kominoski, John S., and Pennings, Steven C.

Subjects
*MANGROVE plants, *PLANT biomass, *COASTAL wetlands, *SUBSIDIES, *HURRICANE Harvey, 2017, *HURRICANES
Abstract

As global change alters the composition and productivity of ecosystems, the importance of subsidies from one habitat to another may change. We experimentally manipulated black mangrove (Avicennia germinans) cover in 10 large plots and over a 5‐year period (2014–2019) quantifying the effects of mangrove cover on subsidies of floating organic material (wrack) into coastal wetlands. As mangrove cover increased from 0% to 100%, wrack cover and thickness decreased by ~60%, the distance that wrack penetrated into the plots decreased by ~70%, and the percentage of the wrack trapped in the first 6 m of the plot tripled. These patterns observed during 4 "normal" years disappeared in a fifth year following Hurricane Harvey (2017), when large quantities of wrack were pushed far into the interior of all the plots, regardless of mangrove cover. Prior to the storm, the abundance of animals collected in grab samples increased with wrack biomass. Wrack composition did not affect animal abundance or composition. Experimental outplants of two types of wrack (red algae and seagrass) revealed that animal abundance and species composition varied between the fringe and interior of the plots, and between microhabitats dominated by salt marsh versus mangrove vegetation. The importance of wrack to overall carbon stocks varied as a function of autochthonous productivity: wrack inputs (per m2) based on survey data were greater than aboveground plant biomass in the plots (42 × 24 m) dominated by salt‐marsh vegetation, but decreased to 5% of the total aboveground biomass in plots dominated by mangroves. Our results illustrate that increasing mangrove cover decreases the relative importance of marine subsidies into the intertidal at the plot level, but concentrates subsidies at the front edge of the mangrove stand. Storms, however, may temporarily override mangrove attenuation of wrack inputs. Our results highlight the importance of understanding how changes in plant species composition due to global change will impact marine subsidies and exchanges among ecosystems, and foster a broader understanding of the functional interdependence of adjacent habitats within coastal ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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4. Batis senegalensis

Author

Boano, Giovanni, Belemsobgo, Urbain, Silvano, Fabrizio, Hema, Emmanuel M., Belemsobgo, Aristide, Dimobe, Kangbéni, and Pavia, Marco

Subjects
Batis senegalensis, Platysteiridae, Animalia, Batis, Biodiversity, Passeriformes, Chordata, Aves, Taxonomy
Abstract

Batis senegalensis (Linnaeus, 1766) LITERATURE. — Bannerman (1931); Green & Sayer (1979); Holyoak & Seddon (1989); Thonnérieux et al. (1989); Dowsett (1993); Balanca & de Visscher (1997); Borrow & Demey (2001, 2014); Portier (2002c); Balanca et al. (2007); Sinclair & Ryan (2010); Pavia et al. (2012); Dowsett et al. (2013). FIELD DATA. — eBird; GBIF; WABD. MUSEUM MATERIAL. — MCCI 3438 to 3440. STATUS. — Resident., Published as part of Boano, Giovanni, Belemsobgo, Urbain, Silvano, Fabrizio, Hema, Emmanuel M., Belemsobgo, Aristide, Dimobe, Kangbéni & Pavia, Marco, 2022, An annotated checklist of the birds of Burkina Faso, pp. 27-107 in Zoosystema 44 (2) on page 71, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2022v44a2, http://zenodo.org/record/5999691, {"references":["BANNERMAN D. A. 1931. - Liste des oiseaux observes en 1928 par M. G. - L. Bates pendant son voyage du Nord de la Nigerie au Senegal, a travers le Soudan Francais et les territoires du Haut-Niger et de la Haute-Volta. L'Oiseau et la Revue francaise d'ornithologie NS 1: 594 - 617.","GREEN A. A. & SAYER J. A. 1979. - The birds of Pendjari and Arly National Parks (Benin and Upper Volta). Malimbus 1: 14 - 28.","HOLYOAK D. T. & SEDDON M. B. 1989. - Distributional notes on the birds of Burkina Faso. Bulletin of the British ornithologists' Club 109: 205 - 216. https: // doi. org / 10.25226 / bboc. v 139 i 2.2019. a 7","THONNERIEUX Y., WALSH J. F. & BORTOLI L. 1989. - L'avifaune de la ville de Ouagadougou et ses environs (Burkina Faso). Malimbus 11: 7 - 39.","DOWSETT R. J. 1993. - Afrotropical avifaunas: annotated country checklists, in DOWSETT R. J. & DOWSETT- LEMAIRE F. (eds). A Contribution to the Distribution and Taxonomy of Afrotropical and Malagasy birds Tauraco Research Report 5, Tauraco Press, Liege: 1 - 322.","BALANCA G. & DE VISSCHER M. - N. 1997. - Composition et evolution saisonniere d'un peuplement d'oiseaux au nord du Burkina Faso (Nord-Yatenga). Malimbus 19: 68 - 94.","BORROW N. & DEMEY R. 2001. - Birds of Western Africa. Christopher Helm, London, 832 p.","BORROW N. & DEMEY R. 2014. - Field Guide of the Birds of Western Africa. II edition. Christopher Helm, London, 592 p.","PORTIER B. 2002 c. - Liste de l'avifaune du Ranch de Gibier de Nazinga. http: // environnement. wallonie. be / projet _ nazinga / PDF / Liste _ oiseaux _ Nazinga. pdf.","BALANCA G., CORNELIS D. & WILSON R. 2007. - Les oiseaux du complexe WAP. ECOPAS. Cirad, Montpellier.","SINCLAIR I. & RYAN P. 2010. - Birds of Africa south of the Sahara. II edition. Struik Nature, Cape Town, 768 p.","PAVIA M., BOANO G., SILVANO F. & MAMADOU K. 2012. - New bird records from southwestern Burkina Faso. Malimbus 34: 57 - 81.","DOWSETT R. J., ATKINSON P. W. & CADDICK J. A. 2013. - Checklist of the birds of Burkina Faso: 1 - 12. https: // www. africanbirdclub. org / [accessed 14 October 2013]."]}

Published
2022
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5. Batis puella subsp. soror Reichenow 1903

Author

Frahnert, Sylke, Louette, Michel, and Eckhoff, Pascal

Subjects
Platysteiridae, Batis puella, Batis puella soror reichenow, 1903: 485, Animalia, Batis, Biodiversity, Passeriformes, Chordata, Aves, Taxonomy
Abstract

Batis puella soror Reichenow, 1903: 485 Now: Batis soror Reichenow, 1903. See Mayr et al. (1986: 382). Syntype: ZMB 24759 (B 15694, Fischer, no. 162), skin, former mount, female, collected by G. A. Fischer on Sansibar, 29.03.[18]78. Syntype: ZMB 28018 (Stuhlmann, no. 607), skin, male, collected by F. Stuhlmann at Quilimane, 29.01.1889. Syntype: ZMB 28019 (Stuhlmann, no. 612), skin, female, collected by F. Stuhlmann at Quilimane, 29.01.1889. Syntype: ZMB 28020 (Stuhlmann, no. 608), skin, male, collected by F. Stuhlmann at Quilimane, 29.01.1889. Syntype: ZMB 2000.6501 (Stuhlmann, no. 612), skin, female, collected by F. Stuhlmann at Quilimane, 29.01.1889. Syntype: ZMB 2000.6502, skin, male, collected by F. F��lleborn at Undi, [1898���1900]. Syntype: ZMB 2000.64515 (Stuhlmann, no. 272), skin, male, collected by F. Stuhlmann on Sansibar, 03.11.1888. Syntype: ZMB 2000.64541 (B 53, Stierling, no. 154), skin, male, collected by N. Stierling at Humbluti, 16.08.1900. Syntype: ZMB 2000.64543 (B 53, Stierling, no. 83), skin, male, juvenile, collected by N. Stierling at Songea, 18.07.1900. Syntype: ZMB 2000.64544 (B 53, Stierling, no. 143), skin, male, collected by N. Stierling at Songea, 06.08.1900. Syntype: ZMB 2000.64545 (B 53, Stierling, no. 130), skin, female, collected by N. Stierling at Songea, 03.08.1900. Syntype: ZMB 2000.64546, skin, male, collected by F. F��lleborn at Songea, 07. [1898���1900]. Syntype: ZMB 2000.64547 (Marwitz, no. 92), skin, female, collected by W. L. H. von der Marwitz at Malangali, 26.08. 1899. Syntype: ZMB 2000.64563 (B 53, Stierling, no. 82), skin, male, collected by N. Stierling at Songea, 18.07.1900. Type locality: ��� Sansibar und Niassagebiet bis Quilimane��� [ Zanzibar and the Lake (Nyassa) Malawi region to Quelimane, Tanzania, Mozambique]. Remarks: In the description of Batis puella soror Reichenow, 1903, no type was chosen.All the listed specimens are mentioned as studied material (characterized by their collecting data) in the description and are regarded as syntypes. For all types, the locality and month, but no numbers are given, so there might be further syntypes outside the ZMB. Neumann (1907a) wrongly excluded specimen ZMB 2000.64547 of the type series and corrected the locus typicus to ���Songea��� when he excluded the subspecies B. m. littoralis Neumann, 1907a., Published as part of Frahnert, Sylke, Louette, Michel & Eckhoff, Pascal, 2021, Type specimens of birds of the genus Batis (Aves: Platysteiridae) at the Museum f��r Naturkunde Berlin, pp. 249-260 in Zootaxa 5052 (2) on page 256, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5052.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/5568681, {"references":["Reichenow, A. (1903) s. n. In: Die Vogel Afrikas. Vol. 2. Part 2. Neumann, Neudamm, pp. 385 - 752.","Mayr, E., Traylor, Jr., M. A. & Watson, G. E. (1986) Check-list of Birds of the World: a Continuation of the Work of James L. Peters. Vol. 11. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 638 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 14581","Neumann, O. (1907 a) Revisionen afrikanischer Vogelgruppen. Journal fur Ornithologie, 55 (3), 343 - 379."]}

Published
2021
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6. Batis mystica Neumann 1907

Author

Frahnert, Sylke, Louette, Michel, and Eckhoff, Pascal

Subjects
Platysteiridae, Batis mystica, Animalia, Batis, Biodiversity, Passeriformes, Chordata, Aves, Taxonomy
Abstract

Batis mystica Neumann, 1907b: 594 Now: Batis molitor puella Reichenow, 1893. See Mayr et al. (1986: 381). Holotype: ZMB 34027 skin, male, collected by O. Neumann at Kikumbuliu, 16.12.1894. Paratype: male, collected by O. Neumann at Makindu, 15.01.1906. Type locality: Kikumbuliu [Kikumbuliyu, Makueni County, Kenya]. Remarks: In the description ZMB 34027 was chosen as the type specimen and is therefore the holotype. Neumann mentioned another specimen from Kenya in his collection which is therefore a paratype, but its whereabouts are unknown. The holotype is given as Pachyprora molitor puella in Neumann (1900: 256)., Published as part of Frahnert, Sylke, Louette, Michel & Eckhoff, Pascal, 2021, Type specimens of birds of the genus Batis (Aves: Platysteiridae) at the Museum f��r Naturkunde Berlin, pp. 249-260 in Zootaxa 5052 (2) on pages 254-255, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5052.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/5568681, {"references":["Neumann, O. (1907 b) Neue Vogel-Arten aus Nordost- und Ost-Afrika. Journal fur Ornithologie, 55 (4), 593 - 597.","Reichenow, A. (1893) Die von Herrn Dr. Fr. Stuhlmann in Ostafrika gesammelten Vogel. Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten, 10 (Jg. 1892), 109 - 133.","Mayr, E., Traylor, Jr., M. A. & Watson, G. E. (1986) Check-list of Birds of the World: a Continuation of the Work of James L. Peters. Vol. 11. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 638 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 14581","Neumann, O. (1900) Beitrage zur Vogelfauna von Ost- und Central-Afrika, part III. Journal fur Ornithologie, 48 (2), 185 - 228."]}

Published
2021
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7. Batis minor subsp. nyansae Neumann 1907

Author

Frahnert, Sylke, Louette, Michel, and Eckhoff, Pascal

Subjects
Platysteiridae, Batis minor nyansae neumann, 1907a: 354, Animalia, Batis, Biodiversity, Passeriformes, Chordata, Batis minor, Aves, Taxonomy
Abstract

Batis minor nyansae Neumann, 1907a: 354 Now: Batis erlangeri erlangeri Neumann, 1907a. See Mayr et al. (1986: 384). Holotype: ZMB 34025, skin, female, collected by O. Neumann at ���Kwa Mtessa in Uganda ���, 14.09.1894. Paratype: ZMB 34026, skin, male, collected by O. Neumann at ���Kwa Raschuonjo in Kavirondo���, 06.03.1894. Paratype (missing or AMNH Birds SKIN-649259): male, collected by W. J. Ansorge at Kimbugu in Toro. Paratype: AMNH Birds SKIN-649266, male, collected by W. J. Ansorge at Fadjao in Unjoro, 14.07.1897. http://portal.vertnet. org/o/amnh/birds?id=skin-649266 (10.06.2020). Paratype: AMNH Birds SKIN-649285, female, collected by Emin Pasha (collector not given in VERTNET) at Wakkala, 25.04.[1881 (Robert J. Dowsett, pers. comm.)], http://portal.vertnet.org/o/amnh/birds?id=skin-649285 (10.06.2020). Type locality: ���Nord- und Ost-K��ste des Victoria Nyansa, Albert Nyansa und oberer Weisser Nil��� [north and east coast of the Lake Victoria, Lake Albert and the upper White Nile)], ascertained as ���Kwa Mtessa in Uganda ��� [Kwa Mtessa, West Mengo District, Uganda] (see Mayr et al. 1986). Remarks: In the description of Batis minor nyansae Neumann, 1907a, the holotype (���Typus���) chosen was specimen ZMB 34025, collected by Oscar Neumann at ���Kwa Mtessa in Uganda ���. The collecting date is given as 14.09. on the museum label. The date 14.11. in the description seems to be wrong (Pachyprora senegalensis, Neumann 1900: 256). Neumann (1907a) listed 5 further specimens in the collection in Berlin and Tring (Rothschilds private collection) as additional material he studied. All these specimens (characterized by their collecting data) are regarded as paratypes. The specimens that were in Tring in 1907 were moved to the AMNH as part of the sale of Rothschild���s bird collection. AMNH Birds SKIN-649266 and AMNH Birds SKIN-649285 have the exact same collecting information as given in Neumann (1907a). However, AMNH Birds SKIN-649266 is given as male (see above), whereas in the description (Neumann, 1907a) this specimen is mentioned as female. AMNH Birds SKIN- 649259 (male, collected at Mahaji, (Mahagi Port), western shore of Lake Albert by Ansorge, on 16.08.1897) could not be identified with certainty as the paratype mentioned by Neumann (1907a). Neumann (1900: 256) gives a wrong inventory number for ZMB 35026 (35025). In the same publication Neumann mentions a third specimen for Pachyprora senegalensis (ZMB 35024) that was not mentioned in the type series (Neumann 1907a). The habitat was given in the description as ���Nord- und Ost-K��ste des Victoria Nyansa, Albert Nyansa und oberer Weisser Nil��� (northern and eastern shores of Lake Victoria, Lake Albert and the upper White Nile). It was ascertained as ���Kwa Mtessa in Uganda ��� [Kwa Mtessa, west Mengo District, central Uganda], indicating the locality of the holotype (see Mayr et al. 1986)., Published as part of Frahnert, Sylke, Louette, Michel & Eckhoff, Pascal, 2021, Type specimens of birds of the genus Batis (Aves: Platysteiridae) at the Museum f��r Naturkunde Berlin, pp. 249-260 in Zootaxa 5052 (2) on pages 257-258, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5052.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/5568681, {"references":["Neumann, O. (1907 a) Revisionen afrikanischer Vogelgruppen. Journal fur Ornithologie, 55 (3), 343 - 379.","Mayr, E., Traylor, Jr., M. A. & Watson, G. E. (1986) Check-list of Birds of the World: a Continuation of the Work of James L. Peters. Vol. 11. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 638 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 14581","Neumann, O. (1900) Beitrage zur Vogelfauna von Ost- und Central-Afrika, part III. Journal fur Ornithologie, 48 (2), 185 - 228."]}

Published
2021
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8. Batis puella Reichenow 1893

Author

Frahnert, Sylke, Louette, Michel, and Eckhoff, Pascal

Subjects
Platysteiridae, Batis puella, Animalia, Batis, Biodiversity, Passeriformes, Chordata, Aves, Taxonomy
Abstract

Batis puella Reichenow, 1893: 124���125 Now: Batis molitor puella Reichenow, 1893. See Mayr et al. (1986: 381). Lectotype (herein designated; see below for explanation): ZMB 30415 (Emin Pasha, no. 689), skin, female, collected by Emin Pasha at Bussissi, 16.10.1890. Paralectotype: ZMB 30416 (Emin Pasha, no. 491), skin, male, collected by Emin Pasha at Bussissi, 30.09.1890. Paralectotype: ZMB 2000.64612, skin, female, collected by J. M. Hildebrandt in Taita, 07.1877. Paralectotype: ZMB 2000.64611 (B��hm, no. 632), skin, female, collected by R. B��hm at Kakoma, 29.08.[1881]. Paralectotype: ZMB 2000.64623 (B��hm, no. 700), mount, female, collected by R. B��hm in Ugalla, 28.10.[1881]. Paralectotype: ZMB 2000.64627 (B��hm, no. 649), skin, female, collected by R. B��hm at Kakoma, 01.09.[1881]. Paralectotype: ZMB 2000.64630 (B��hm, no. 631), skin, male, collected by R. B��hm at Kakoma, 29.08.[1881]. Paralectotype: ZMB 30279, skin, male, collected by Emin Pasha at Butumbi, 28.04.1891. Paralectotype: ZMB 2000.64566 (Emin Pasha, no. 128), skin, male, collected by Emin Pasha at Mpapwa, 17.06.1890. Paralectotype (missing): collected by R. B��hm at Kakoma, 07.04.[1881]. Excluded Paralectotype (B. soror) : ZMB 24759 (B 15694, Fischer, no. 162), skin, former mount, female, collected by G. A. Fischer on Sansibar, 29.03.[18]78. Excluded Paralectotype (B. soror) : ZMB 23536 (B 15041, Fischer, no. 83), mount, female, collected by G. A. Fischer at Mombassa, 26.06.[18]77. Excluded Paralectotype (B. soror) : ZMB 28018 (Stuhlmann, no. 607), skin, male, collected by F. Stuhlmann at Quilimane, 29.01.1889. Excluded Paralectotype (B. soror) : ZMB 28019 (Stuhlmann, no. 612), skin, female, collected by F. Stuhlmann at Quilimane, 29.01.1889. Excluded Paralectotype (B. soror) : ZMB 28020 (Stuhlmann, no. 608), skin, male, collected by F. Stuhlmann at Quilimane, 29.01.1889. Excluded Paralectotype (B. soror) : ZMB 2000.6501 (Stuhlmann, no. 612), skin, female, collected by F. Stuhlmann at Quilimane, 29.01.1889. Excluded Paralectotype (B. soror) : ZMB 2000.64515 (Stuhlmann, no. 272), skin, male, collected by F. Stuhlmann on Sansibar, 03.11.1888. Excluded Paralectotype (possibly B. pririt Vieillot, 1818, missing) : Fischer, no. 631, juvenile, collected by G.A. Fischer at Bondei, 06.01.[1883]. Excluded Paralectotype (possibly B. pririt Vieillot, 1818, missing) : Fischer, no. 938, male, collected by G.A. Fischer at Gross-Aruscha, 16.07.[1883]. Excluded Paralectotype (possibly B. pririt Vieillot, 1818, missing) : Fischer, no. 1014, female, collected by G.A. Fischer at Pangani, 23.08.[1883]. Excluded Paralectotype (possibly B. soror, missing) : collected by G. A. Fischer on the River Tana [1878]. Excluded Paralectotype (possibly B. soror, missing) : collected by R. B��hm at Simbareni, 10.08.[1880]. Excluded Paralectotype (possibly B. soror, missing): collected by Thomson (?) at River Rovuma . Type locality: Due to the lectotypification herein, the type locality of Batis puella is ascertained as Bussissi [Busisi, Mwanza Region, Tanzania]. Remarks: In the description, no single type or series of types was chosen. In principle, all listed specimens (more than 18, see Reichenow 1893) should therefore be regarded as syntypes. Seventeen of them were traced in the collection in the ZMB, Berlin (characterized by collecting data published in the description). The whereabouts of the missing specimens collected by B��hm, Fischer and Thomson are unknown. The missing specimens of Fischer of the localities Bondei, Gross-Arusha and Pangani are listes as Platystira pririt in Fischer (1884), whereas the listed locality Loeru, Ndutian is given as observation for Batis pririt in Reichenow (1887). Both specimens of F. Stuhlmann ZMB 28019 as well as 2000.6501 have the collector���s number 612 on their labels, but only ZMB 2000.6501 has an original collector���s label, so the collector���s number of ZMB 28019 seems to be wrong. Neumann (1907a) determined that Reichenow (1893) included three different taxa in his description of puella and he assigned the species to the ���form��� which lives in ���Ost-Afrika vom Norden des Nyassa Sees bis Uganda, im Westen bis an den Tanganyka und Kivu-See��� (East Africa from north of Lake Nyassa to Uganda in the west, also to Lake Tanganyika and Lake Kivu). In a recent examination by ML, it was confirmed that the type series is indeed mixed, containing specimens belonging to B. molitor puella and to B. soror. To fix the name Batis puella on B. molitor puella, a lectotypification is necessary. The remainder of Reichenow���s (1893) syntypes (those actually determined as B. m. puella) were taken at no less than 6 different localities. Because Vincent (1934) indicated ���type from Bussisi��� for B. m. puella, we formally designate ZMB 30415 (Emin Pasha, no. 689), female, as the lectotype of Batis molitor puella. This is the only female collected at the locality Busisi, and females are more diagnosable at species level than males in this taxon, as with many taxa in the genus Batis. The specimen is smaller than B. molitor molitor, according to measurements given by the collector (total length 113 mm, wing 57.5 mm, tail 38 mm) and has a narrower chestnut breastband than in B. m. molitor. Concerning the designation of a lectotype, the type locality is ascertained to be Bussissi [Busisi, Mwanza, Tanzania]. Of all the remaining former syntypes, only those that were determined as B. m. puella are regarded as paralectotypes; the specimens determined as B. soror are excluded from the syntype series., Published as part of Frahnert, Sylke, Louette, Michel & Eckhoff, Pascal, 2021, Type specimens of birds of the genus Batis (Aves: Platysteiridae) at the Museum f��r Naturkunde Berlin, pp. 249-260 in Zootaxa 5052 (2) on pages 253-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5052.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/5568681, {"references":["Reichenow, A. (1893) Die von Herrn Dr. Fr. Stuhlmann in Ostafrika gesammelten Vogel. Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten, 10 (Jg. 1892), 109 - 133.","Mayr, E., Traylor, Jr., M. A. & Watson, G. E. (1986) Check-list of Birds of the World: a Continuation of the Work of James L. Peters. Vol. 11. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 638 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 14581","Fischer, G. A. (1884) Ubersicht der von Dr. G. A. Fischer auf seiner im Auftrag der Hamburger Geographischen Gesellschaft unternommenen Reise in das Massailand gesammelten und beobachteten Vogelarten. Zeitschrift fur die gesamte Ornithologie, 1 (4), 297 - 396.","Reichenow, A. (1887) Dr. Fischer's Ornithologische Sammlungen wahrend der letzten Reise zum Victoria Njansa. Journal fur Ornithologie, 35 (1) 38 - 78.","Neumann, O. (1907 a) Revisionen afrikanischer Vogelgruppen. Journal fur Ornithologie, 55 (3), 343 - 379.","Vincent, J. (1934) Review of twoAfrican species, Cyanomitra olivacea (Olive Sunbird), and Batis molitor (Chin-spot Flycatcher). Ibis, 13 (4), 85 - 94."]}

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2021
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9. Batis senegalensis subsp. togoensis Neumann 1907

Author

Frahnert, Sylke, Louette, Michel, and Eckhoff, Pascal

Subjects
Batis senegalensis, Platysteiridae, Animalia, Batis, Biodiversity, Passeriformes, Chordata, Aves, Taxonomy, Batis senegalensis togoensis neumann, 1907a: 350
Abstract

Batis senegalensis togoensis Neumann, 1907a: 350 Now: Batis senegalensis (Linnaeus, 1766). See Mayr et al. (1986: 383). Holotype: ZMB 2000.64642, skin, female, collected by E. Baumann at Misah��he, 01.11.1894. Paratype: ZMB 2000.64634 (Baumann, no. 92), skin, male, collected by E. Baumann at Klonu (Agome), 14.10.1894. Paratype: ZMB 2000.64635, skin, male, collected by G. Thierry at Gandu, 28.06.1898. Paratype: ZMB 2000.64641, skin, female, juvenile, collected by E. Baumann at Podji, Misah��he, 28.05.1894. Paratype: ZMB 2000.64644 (Zech, no. 70), skin, male, juvenile, collected by (J. von Zech at Kete Krachi, 28.01.1899. Paratype: ZMB 2000.64647, skin, male, collected by E. Baumann at Misah��he, 01.03.1895. Paratype: AMNH Birds SKIN-649176, male, collected by Capt. W. Giffard in the Gambaga Hinterland, Goldk��ste, 04.06.1898. http://portal.vertnet.org/o/amnh/birds?id=skin-649176 (16.11.2020). Type locality: Misah��he [Missahoe, Plateaux, Togo]. Remarks: In the description of B. senegalensis togoensis Neumann, 1907a, it is clear from collection data that ZMB 2000.64642 was chosen as the type specimen and is therefore the holotype. At least seven specimens (characterized by their collecting data) from Ghana and Togo were listed as material studied. Therefore, these specimens (excluding the holotype) should be regarded as paratypes as listed above. The specimens that were in Rothschild���s private collection in Tring, UK in 1907 were transferred to the AMNH as part of Rothschild���s sale of his bird collection. The type locality was ascertained for the holotype as Misah��he [Missahoe, Plateaux, Togo] (Mayr et al. 1986)., Published as part of Frahnert, Sylke, Louette, Michel & Eckhoff, Pascal, 2021, Type specimens of birds of the genus Batis (Aves: Platysteiridae) at the Museum f��r Naturkunde Berlin, pp. 249-260 in Zootaxa 5052 (2) on pages 255-256, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5052.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/5568681, {"references":["Neumann, O. (1907 a) Revisionen afrikanischer Vogelgruppen. Journal fur Ornithologie, 55 (3), 343 - 379.","Linnaeus, C. (1766) Systema Naturae. Vol. 1. 12 th Revised Edition. Laurentius Salvius, Holmia, 532 pp.","Mayr, E., Traylor, Jr., M. A. & Watson, G. E. (1986) Check-list of Birds of the World: a Continuation of the Work of James L. Peters. Vol. 11. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 638 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 14581"]}

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2021
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10. Batis minor subsp. suahelicus Neumann 1907

Author

Frahnert, Sylke, Louette, Michel, and Eckhoff, Pascal

Subjects
Platysteiridae, Animalia, Batis, Biodiversity, Passeriformes, Chordata, Batis minor, Aves, Batis minor suahelicus neumann, 1907a: 353, Taxonomy
Abstract

Batis minor suahelicus Neumann, 1907a: 353 Now: Batis minor suahelica Neumann, 1907a. But see Mayr et al. (1986: 384). Syntype: ZMB 2000.64511, skin, female, collected by G.A. Fischer at Pangani, 09.1881. Syntype: ZMB 2000.64513, skin, male, collected by G. A. Fischer in Usaramo, 01.1882. Syntype: ZMB 2000.64562, skin, male, collected by G. A. Fischer in Usaramo, 01.1882. Syntype: ZMB 32010 (Stuhlmann, no. 32), skin, male, juvenile (female given by Neumann 1907a), collected by F. Stuhlmann at Pangani, 20.01.1894. Syntype: ZMB 2000.64512 (Stuhlmann, no. 170), skin, male, collected by F. Stuhlmann at Dar-es-Salaam, 28.03.1894. Syntype: ZMB 34024 skin, male, collected by O. Neumann at Kahe, 13.01.1895. Syntype: ZMB 2000.64514, skin, male, collected by W. L. H. von der Marwitz at Marangu, 1895. Syntype (missing): female, collected by R. B��hm, no locality given. Type locality: ��� Deutsch Ost Afrika und s��dlicher Teil von Englisch Ost Afrika (Mombassa und Teita)��� [Tanzania and south of Kenya], here referred to as eastern Tanzania and southeastern Kenya regarding the localities of the type specimens and the description (see also Louette 2006). Remarks: In the description of Batis minor suahelicus Neumann, 1907a, no type was chosen. All the listed specimens are mentioned as studied material in the description, and by their collecting data are regarded as syntypes. The specimen collected by B��hm was not found in the collection. Neumann (1907a) mentioned further specimens of this species from the regions of Mombasa, Taita Hills and Malindi (including ZMB 23535, G.A. Fischer, Malindi and ZMB 2000.64673, J.M. Hildebrandt, Mombasa) which were not regarded as type specimens in the description as they are slightly smaller and seem transitional to B. minor minor. Although the description of B. m. suahelicus does not mention that a new subspecies is being described, but no other description of this subspecies is known and so Neumann (1907a) is generally accepted as the description (e.g. Mayr et al. 1986: 384). Specimen ZMB 34024 is given as Pachyprora senegalensis in Neumann (1900: 256). Sclater (1930: 422) wrongly restricted the locus typicus of Batis minor suahelicus as ���Kaha, in the neighborhood of Kilimanjaro��� because he interpreted ZMB 34024 as the holotype (ICZN 1999), although there is no hint that there is a holotype for this subspecies. This restriction has been taken by some authorities as a valid restriction of type locality (e.g. Mayr et al. 1986: 384)., Published as part of Frahnert, Sylke, Louette, Michel & Eckhoff, Pascal, 2021, Type specimens of birds of the genus Batis (Aves: Platysteiridae) at the Museum f��r Naturkunde Berlin, pp. 249-260 in Zootaxa 5052 (2) on page 257, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5052.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/5568681, {"references":["Neumann, O. (1907 a) Revisionen afrikanischer Vogelgruppen. Journal fur Ornithologie, 55 (3), 343 - 379.","Mayr, E., Traylor, Jr., M. A. & Watson, G. E. (1986) Check-list of Birds of the World: a Continuation of the Work of James L. Peters. Vol. 11. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 638 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 14581","Louette, M. (2006) Family Platysteiridae (Batises and Wattle-eyes). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A. & Christie, D. A. (Eds.), Handbook of the Birds of the World. Vol. 11. Old World Flycatchers to Old World Warblers. Lynx Editions, Barcelona, pp. 164 - 199.","Neumann, O. (1900) Beitrage zur Vogelfauna von Ost- und Central-Afrika, part III. Journal fur Ornithologie, 48 (2), 185 - 228.","Sclater, W. L. (1930) Systema Avium Aethiopicarum. Part 2. Passerines. Taylor & Francis, London, 922 pp.","ICZN (1999) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. 4 th Edition. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, xxix + 306 pp."]}

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2021
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11. Batis reichenowi Grote 1911

Author

Frahnert, Sylke, Louette, Michel, and Eckhoff, Pascal

Subjects
Platysteiridae, Animalia, Batis, Biodiversity, Passeriformes, Chordata, Aves, Taxonomy, Batis reichenowi
Abstract

Batis reichenowi Grote, 1911:162 Now: Batis reichenowi Grote, 1911. See Louette (2006), but also Mayr et al. (1986: 379), Fjelds�� et al. (2006). Syntype: ZMB 65.130 (Grote, no. 215), skin, female, collected by H. Grote at Mikindani, 29.09.1909. Syntype: ZMB 65.131 (Grote, no. 214), skin, male, collected by H. Grote at Mikindani, 29.09.1909. Syntype: ZMB 65.132 (Grote, no. 179), skin, female, collected by H. Grote at Mikindani, 29.08.1909. Type locality: Mikindani [Mikindani, Mtwara Region, Tanzania]. Remarks: In the description of Batis reichenowi Grote, 1911, no type was chosen, but both male and female were described and measurements for more than one specimen were given. Grote wrote that he collected the specimens at Mikindani. In two other publications Grote (1912, 1913) gave an overview of his collection from Tanzania. He listed three specimens (Grote numbers 179, 214, 215) from Mikindani as Batis reichenowi (Grote 1913: 126). Therefore, these three specimens are regarded as syntypes of Batis reichenowi., Published as part of Frahnert, Sylke, Louette, Michel & Eckhoff, Pascal, 2021, Type specimens of birds of the genus Batis (Aves: Platysteiridae) at the Museum f��r Naturkunde Berlin, pp. 249-260 in Zootaxa 5052 (2) on page 250, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5052.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/5568681, {"references":["Grote, H. (1911) Neue Vogelarten aus Ostafrika. Ornithologische Monatsberichte, 19 (10), 162 - 163.","Louette, M. (2006) Family Platysteiridae (Batises and Wattle-eyes). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A. & Christie, D. A. (Eds.), Handbook of the Birds of the World. Vol. 11. Old World Flycatchers to Old World Warblers. Lynx Editions, Barcelona, pp. 164 - 199.","Mayr, E., Traylor, Jr., M. A. & Watson, G. E. (1986) Check-list of Birds of the World: a Continuation of the Work of James L. Peters. Vol. 11. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 638 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 14581","Fjeldsa, J., Bowie, R. C. K. & Kiure, J. (2006) The Forest Batis, Batis mixta, is two species: description of a new, narrowly distributed Batis species in the Eastern Arc biodiversity hotspot. Journal of Ornithology, 147 (4), 578 - 590.","Grote, H. (1912) Beitrag zur Ornis des sudostlichen Deutsch-Ostafrika. Journal fur Ornithologie, 60 (4), 501 - 529.","Grote, H. (1913) Beitrag zur Ornis des sudostlichen Deutsch-Ostafrika. Journal fur Ornithologie, 61 (1), 125 - 142."]}

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2021
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12. Batis puella subsp. littoralis Neumann 1907

Author

Frahnert, Sylke, Louette, Michel, and Eckhoff, Pascal

Subjects
Platysteiridae, Batis puella, Batis molitor littoralis neumann, 1907a: 356, Animalia, Batis, Biodiversity, Passeriformes, Chordata, Aves, Taxonomy
Abstract

Batis molitor littoralis Neumann, 1907a: 356 Now: Batis soror (Reichenow, 1903). See Mayr et al. (1986: 382). Holotype: ZMB 24759 (B 15694, Fischer, no. 162), skin, former mount, female, collected by G. A. Fischer on Sansibar, 29.03.76 [1878, error on the museum label as Fischer arrived in Zanzibar in 1877 for the first time]. Paratype: ZMB 23536 (B 15041, Fischer, no. 83), mount, female, collected by G. A. Fischer at Mombassa, 26.06.[18]77. Paratype: ZMB 2000.64515 (Stuhlmann, no. 272), skin, male, collected by F. Stuhlmann on Sansibar, 03.11.1888. Possible Paratype (missing): SMNS 10965 female, collected by E. Steudel at Bagamojo, Central Ostafrika, 1893. Excluded Paratype (B. molitor puella) : ZMB 2000.64599 (B 345, R��hl, no. 822), skin, male, collected by K. R��hl at Mlalo, [1904���1906]. Excluded Paratype (B. molitor puella) : ZMB 2000.64600 (B 345, R��hl, no. 551), skin, female, collected by K. R��hl at Mlalo, [1904���1906]. Excluded Paratype (B. molitor puella) : ZMB 2000.64602 (B 345, R��hl, no. 551), skin, male, collected by K. R��hl at Mlalo, [1904���1906]. Type locality: ��� Sansibar und ��� die gegen��berliegende K��ste ��� [ Zanzibar and the coast of Tanzania next to Zanzibar, Tanzania], The type locality is ascertained as Zanzibar [Zanzibar, Tanzania] regarding the locality of the holotype (see Mayr et al. 1986). Remarks: In the description ZMB 24759 was chosen as the type specimen and is therefore the holotype. The specimen is characterized by its collecting data given in the description. In summary, there were at least six specimens (characterized by their collecting data) given as studied material. Therefore, these specimens (excluding the holotype) should be regarded as paratypes. Five of them could be traced in the collection in Berlin. The specimen that Neumann had seen at the museum in Stuttgart was inventoried in the SMNS as Batis molitor but is missing today and has been since at least the 1970s (according to the museum inventory). The three specimens (ZMB 2000.64599, ZMB 2000.64600, and ZMB 2000.64602) mentioned by Neumann (1907a) as having been collected by Karl R��hl in Wilhelmsthal (Usambara) [Mlalo/Lushoto, Tanga, Tanzania] arrived as part of a shipment of more than 500 specimens in Berlin in April 1906. They have now been determined as Batis molitor puella and are thus removed from the list of possible paratypes of B. m. littoralis. Neumann (1907a) gave: ��� Sansibar und ��� die gegen��berliegende K��ste ��� ( Zanzibar and the coast of Tanzania next to Zanzibar [Tanzania]) as type locality. The type locality of the holotype of Batis molitor littoralis Neumann, 1907a was ascertained as Zanzibar (Tanzania) (see Mayr et al. 1986)., Published as part of Frahnert, Sylke, Louette, Michel & Eckhoff, Pascal, 2021, Type specimens of birds of the genus Batis (Aves: Platysteiridae) at the Museum f��r Naturkunde Berlin, pp. 249-260 in Zootaxa 5052 (2) on pages 256-257, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5052.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/5568681, {"references":["Neumann, O. (1907 a) Revisionen afrikanischer Vogelgruppen. Journal fur Ornithologie, 55 (3), 343 - 379.","Reichenow, A. (1903) s. n. In: Die Vogel Afrikas. Vol. 2. Part 2. Neumann, Neudamm, pp. 385 - 752.","Mayr, E., Traylor, Jr., M. A. & Watson, G. E. (1986) Check-list of Birds of the World: a Continuation of the Work of James L. Peters. Vol. 11. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 638 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 14581"]}

Published
2021
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13. Platinum in salt marsh sediments: Behavior and plant uptake.

Author

Almécija, Clara, Cobelo-García, Antonio, Santos-Echeandía, Juan, and Caetano, Miguel

Subjects
*PLATINUM, *SALT marshes, *SEDIMENTS, *BIOGEOCHEMISTRY, *METAL content of soils, *BATIS, *BIOAVAILABILITY, *BIOACCUMULATION
Abstract

Platinum is one of the least abundant elements in the earth crust with an average concentration of 0.51 ng g − 1 , but its use in several human activities (mainly automobile catalytic converters) is leading its enrichment in surface sediments. Whereas, previous studies have assessed the Pt behavior in soils from urban areas, natural systems are still poorly studied. Accordingly, this study is aimed to characterize the behavior of the Pt released to coastal environments in sediments, ascertain the role of vegetation on the biogeochemistry of this element and assess the transference of Pt into the biological compartments. Several sediment cores were sampled in salt marshes (in unvegetated and vegetated areas) of the Tagus Estuary under different traffic pressure. Platinum concentration was analyzed in solid sediment, interstitial water and roots, leaves and stems of Sarcocornia fruticosa , a typical plant in south European salt marshes. In addition, interpretative parameters (e.g. redox potential, dissolved oxygen, pH, total reduced sulfur species, salinity and dissolved Fe and Mn in interstitial waters) were determined to better understand the biogeochemical cycle of Pt in salt marsh sediments. Although surface enrichment of Pt exists in the sediments at Low Traffic Station (2.8 ng g − 1 ), the highest enrichment was found at High Traffic Station where concentration was, in some cases, up to 40 ng g − 1 , linked to traffic emissions. However, dissolved Pt in interstitial waters (from 0.14 to 0.70 ng L − 1 ) did not show this superficial maximum. This dissimilarity points out the unreactivity of traffic-borne Pt and the dissolution/precipitation cycle of natural Pt linked to Mn and O 2 cycle, depending on the redox conditions, highly controlled by the vegetation. Platinum concentration in roots (0.9 ± 0.6 ng g − 1 ) is reflecting the Pt concentration in the interstitial waters in each moment, even though at the two peaks of dissolved Pt (up to 2.5 ng L − 1 ) found at deeper layers, reflecting a low bioaccumulation. However, results pointed that a different Pt species (with different bioavailability) may exist in both stations. Besides, Pt mean value in stems and leaves (0.04 ± 0.05 ng g − 1 ) indicates a low translocation of Pt from the roots to aerial parts. Therefore, the role of vegetation is fundamental on the geochemical behavior of Pt in sediments, due to the control of the redox conditions by roots in the surrounding sediments (between the O 2 release and the organic matter degradation) and leading to Pt species of varying bioavailability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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14. Asa Gray and John Torrey correspondence, 1831-1871

Author

Gray, Asa, 1810-1888, Britton, Elizabeth G. (Elizabeth Gertrude), 1858-1934, Gray, Jane Loring, 1821-1909, New York Botanical Garden, LuEsther T. Mertz Library, Gray, Asa, 1810-1888, Britton, Elizabeth G. (Elizabeth Gertrude), 1858-1934, and Gray, Jane Loring, 1821-1909

Subjects
Abbott, Gorham D., 1807-1874, Abert, J. W. (James William), 1820-1897, Abronia, Actaea, Agalinis, Agassiz, Louis, 1807-1873, Aiton, William Townsend, 1766-1849, Aldama, Alexander, Stephen, 1806-1883, Amaranthus, American Association for the Advancement of Scienc, Andreaea rothii, Anthephora, Aquilegia, Arisaema quinatum, Aristolochia wrightii, Arnica, Asclepias, Asimina, Asplenium pinnatifidum, Aster, Astragalus, Bache, A. D. (Alexander Dallas), 1806-1867, Bailey, Jacob Whitman, 1811-1857, Baileya, Baird, Spencer Fullerton, 1823-1887, Balfour, John Hutton, 1808-1884, Barratt, Joseph, 1796-1882, Bartonia, Basilosaurus, Batis, Beck, Lewis C. (Lewis Caleb), 1798-1853, Beckwith, E. G. (Edward Griffin), 1818-1881, Beiträge zur anatomie der Cacteen, Bentham, George, 1800-1884, Berkeley, M. J. (Miles Joseph), 1803-1889, Berlandier, Jean Louis, -1851, Bigelow, Jacob, 1786-1879, Blodgett, John Loomis, 1809-1853, Blytt, Matthias Numsen, 1789-1862, Boissier, Edmond, 1810-1885, Bolander, Henry N. (Henry Nicholas), 1831-1897, Boott, Francis, 1792-1863, Boott, J. Wright (John Wright), 1792-1845, Bory de Saint-Vincent (Jean Baptiste Geneviève Ma, Botanical specimens, Botanical text-book, Botany of the northern and middle states, Botrytis, Brace, John Pierce, 1793-1872, Brackenridge, William D. (William Dunlop), 1810-18, Bromfield, William Arnold, 1801-1851, Brown, Robert, 1773-1858, Brownlee, John, 1791-1871, Buchanan, James, 1791-1868, Buckley, S. B. (Samuel Botsford), 1809-1884, Buckleya, Cactaceae, Calibrachoa parviflora, Calypso bulbosa, Camassia scilloides, Campanula, Candolle, Alphonse de, 1806-1893, Candolle, Augustin Pyramus de, 1778-1841, Cardamine diphylla, Carex, Carex castanea, Carey, John, 1797-1880, Carey, Samuel Thomas, 1800-1857, Carter, William, Celtis, Centaurea benedicta, Centaurium, Ceratiola ericoides, Chapman, A. W. (Alvan Wentworth), 1809-1899, Chemistry, Choate, Rufus, 1799-1859, Choisy, Jacques Denys, 1799-1859, Clark, Alonzo, 1807-1887, Class-book of botany, Cleaveland, Parker, 1780-1858, Clematis, Clematis ochroleuca, Cleomella, Clerodendrum, Clintonia, Cocculus carolinus, Cogswell, Joseph Green, 1786-1871, Compositae, Convallaria, Corema conradii, Correspondence, Coulter, Thomas, 1793-1843, Croom, Hardy Bryan, 1797-1837, Croton ellipticus, Crypsis, Curtis, M. A. (Moses Ashley), 1808-1872, Cyperaceae, Cyperus, Dalhousie, James Andrew Broun Ramsay, Marquis of, Dana, James Dwight, 1813-1895, Darlington, William, 1782-1863, Darlingtonia, De Kay, James E. (James Ellsworth), 1792-1851, Decaisne, Joseph, 1807-1882, Delessert, Benjamin, baron, 1773-1847, Dewey, Chester, 1784-1867, Dod, Albert B. (Albert Baldwin), 1805-1845, Dodecatheon dentatum, Douglass, David Bates, 1790-1849, Downing, A. J. (Andrew Jackson), 1815-1852, Draper, John William, 1811-1882, Drayton, Joseph, Duby, J. É. (Jean Étienne), 1798-1885, Dumas, J.-B. (Jean-Baptiste), 1800-1884, Durand, Elias, 1794-1873, Dysphania aristata, Eaton, Amos Beebe, 1806-1877, Eaton, Amos, 1776-1842, Eaton, Daniel Cady, 1834-1895, Edwards, Lewis Allison, 1823-1877, Ellet, William Henry, 1806-1859, Emerson, George B. (George Barrell), 1797-1881, Emory, William H. (William Hemsley), 1811-1887, Endlicher, Stephan, 1804-1849, Engelmann, George, 1809-1884, Engelmannia, Eragrostis minor, Eriogonum, Euphorbia, Fendler, August, 1813-1883, Fielding, H. B. (Henry Barron), 1805-1851, Filago, Fischer, F. E. L. (Friedrich Ernst Ludwig), 1782-1, Flora of North America, Flora of the state of New York, Folwell, Nathan W. (Nathan Wright), 1805-1879, Frasera speciosa, Frémont, John Charles, 1813-1890, G. & W. Endicott (Firm), Galphimia angustifolia, Gambel, William, 1823-1849, Gardner, George, 1812-1849, Gaultheria procumbens, Genera florae Americae Boreali-Orientalis illustra, Gentiana, Geraea, Geranium caespitosum, Gibbes, Lewis Reeves, 1810-1894, Gliddon, George R. (George Robins), 1809-1857, Glyceria obtusa, Gordonia, Gould, Augustus A. (Augustus Addison), 1805-1866, Govenia, Graham, Robert, 1786-1845, Gramineae, Gratiola, Gray, Asa, 1810-1888, Gray, Jane Loring, 1821-1909, Greene, B. D. (Benjamin Daniel), 1793-1862, Gregg, Josiah, 1806-1850, Griffith, R. Eglesfeld (Robert Eglesfeld), 1798-18, Guyot, A. (Arnold), 1807-1884, Gymnopteris, Hadley, James, 1785-1869, Halenia, Halenius, Jonas Petri, 1727-1810, Halsted, M. B. (Mina B.), -1860, Harvard University, Harvey, William H. (William Henry), 1811-1866, Hatch, Thomas P., active 1854, Helianthus occidentalis, Henry, Joseph, 1797-1878, Heuchera, Heyland, Jean Christophe, 1792-1866, Hinds, Richard Brinsley, 1812-1847, Hochstein, Anthony, 1828 or 1829-1911, Hoffmannia, Holton, Isaac F. (Isaac Farwell), Hooker, Joseph Dalton, 1817-1911, Hooker, William Jackson, Sir, 1785-1865, Hookeria lucens, Hope, Thomas Charles, 1766-1844, Horsford, Eben Norton, 1818-1893, Hudsonia montana, Hypnum, Illicium, Jamesia, Janusia californica, Jewett, Charles C. (Charles Coffin), 1816-1868, Johnston, Jas. F. W. (James Finlay Weir), 1796-185, Jussieu, Adrien de, 1797-1853, Kallstroemia, Kellogg, A. (Albert), 1813-1887, Ker, John Bellenden, 1765?-1842, Klotzsch, Fr. (Friedrich), 1805-1860, Knieskern, Peter D., 1798-1871, Kunth, Karl Sigismund, 1788-1850, Kunze, Gustav, 1793-1851, Le Conte, John Eatton, 1784-1860, Leavenworthia, Lehmann, Johann Georg Christian, 1792-1860, Lesquereux, Leo, 1806-1889, Lessingia, Lewisia, Liebig, Justus, Freiherr von, 1803-1873, Lindheimer, Ferdinand, 1802-1879, Lindley, John, 1799-1865, Lobelia cardinalis, Locke, John, 1792-1856, Loddiges, George, 1786-1846, Loomis, Elias, 1811-1889, Lowell, John Amory, 1798-1881, Lyceum of Natural History (New York, N.Y.), Lyell, Charles, Sir, 1797-1875, Macrae, W. F. (William Frederick), Malva, Manual of botany, for North America, Marcy, Randolph B. (Randolph Barnes), 1812-1887, Martius, Karl Friedrich Philipp von, 1794-1868, Meehan, Thomas, 1826-1901, Meissner, C. F. (Carl Friedrich), 1800-1874, Menzies, Archibald, 1754-1842, Mertensia, Miers, John, 1789-1879, Mimulus, Mohavea, Monographie des Malpighiacées, Morrow, James, 1820-1865, Mulder, Claas, 1796-1867, Munro, William, Lieutenant-Colonel, Musci, Nasturtium, Nees von Esenbeck, C. G. (Christian Gottfried), 17, Newberry, J. S. (John Strong), 1822-1892, Nicollet, J. N. (Joseph Nicolas), 1786-1843, North American Gramineae and Cyperaceae, Nuttall, Thomas, 1786-1859, Oakes, William, 1799-1848, Obolaria, Olmsted, Frederick Law, 1822-1903, Olney, Stephen T. (Stephen Thayer), 1812-1878, Onoclea sensibilis, Pamplin, William, 1806-1899, Panicum agrostoides, Papaver, Parnassia asarifolia, Parry, C. C. (Charles Christopher), 1823-1890, Patterson, Robert M. (Robert Maskell), 1787-1854, Peirce, Benjamin, 1809-1880, Penstemon, Perry, Matthew Calbraith, 1794-1858, Phyllodoce empetriformis, Physalis, Pickering, Charles, 1805-1878, Pinopsida, Pinus, Plantae Fendlerianae Novi-Mexicanae, Plantæ frémontianæ, Plantae Lindheimerianae, Plantago, Platanus, Pluchea, Polemonium reptans, Polygala paucifolia, Pope, John, 1822-1892, Potentilla gracilis, Pouzolzia, Presl, K. B. (Karel Bořiwoj), 1794-1852, Prestele, Joseph, 1796-1867, Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis, Pursh, Frederick, 1774-1820, Pyrola, Pyrrocoma, Quincy, Josiah, 1772-1864, Rafinesque, C. S. (constantine Samuel), 1783-1840, Ranunculus, Reliquiae Baldwinianae, Reynolds, J. N. (Jeremiah N.), 1799-1858, Rhododendron, Rhus, Rhus succedanea, Rich, William, 1800-1864, Richardson, John, Sir, 1787-1865, Riocreux, Alfred, 1820-1912, Rogers, Henry D. (Henry Darwin), 1808-1866, Romneya, Ross, James Clark, Sir, 1800-1862, Ruellia, Rugel, Ferdinand, 1806-1879, Rumex, Ruprecht, F. (Franz), Sartwell, H. P. (Henry Parker), 1792-1867, Saxifraga, Scheele, Georg Heinrich Adolf, 1808-1864, Schleiden, M. J. (Matthias Jacob), 1804-1881, Schoenolirion croceum, Scirpus, Scleria, Scrophularia, Seemann, Berthold, 1825-1871, Selenia, Sequoia sempervirens, Sewell, Thomas, 1786-1845, Shepard, Charles Upham, 1804-1886, Short, Charles Wilkins, 1794-1863, Shuttleworth, R. J. (Robert James), 1810-1874, Sida, Silene drummondii, Silliman, Benjamin, 1779-1864, Silliman, Benjamin, 1816-1885, Smilax rotundifolia, Smith, John Augustine, 1782-1865, Solanum, Solidago, Solidago ohioensis, Spach, Édouard, 1801-1879, Sphaeralcea, Sprague, Isaac, 1811-1895, Stewartia ovata, Story, Joseph, 1779-1845, Streptanthus maculatus, Styrax, Sullivant, William Starling, 1803-1873, Symplocarpus, Taylor, Thomas, 1775-1848, Tessaria, Thalia, Thermopsis fraxinifolia, Thurber, George, 1821-1890, Tommasini, Muzio Giuseppe Spirito de, 1794-1879, Torrey, John, 1796-1873, Torreya, Treatise on the forces which produce the organizat, Tridens flavus, Trilobites, Trowbridge, John Foote, 1791-1872, Tuckerman, Edward, 1817-1886, United States and Mexican Boundary Survey, United States Exploring Expedition (1838-1842), United States Pacific Railroad Expeditions and Sur, Urtica, Vaccinium, Vauquelinia, Webster, John White, 1793-1850, Wendell, Cornelius, 1813-1870, Whipple, Amiel Weeks, 1817?-1863, Wiley & Putnam, Wilkes, Charles, 1798-1877, Wolfiporia extensa, Wood, Alphonso, 1810-1881, Woolsey, Theodore Dwight, 1801-1889, Wright, Charles, 1811-1885, Wyman, Jeffries, 1814-1874, Xántus, János, 1825-1894, Zuccarini, J. G. (Joseph Gerhard), 1797-1848
Published
1831

15. Production characteristics of the “higher plants–soil-like substrate” system as an element of the bioregenerative life support system

Author

Velichko, V.V., Tikhomirov, A.A., Ushakova, S.A., Tikhomirova, N.A., Shihov, V.N., Tirranen, L.S., and Gribovskaya, I.A.

Subjects
*PLANT-soil relationships, *YELLOW nutsedge, *PLANT extracts, *PLANT biomass, *PLANT growth, *BATIS
Abstract

Abstract: The study addresses the possibility of long-duration operation of a higher plant conveyor, using a soil-like substrate (SLS) as the root zone. Chufa (Cyperus esculentus L.), radish (Raphanus sativus L.), and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) were used as study material. A chufa community consisting of 4 age groups and radish and lettuce communities consisting of 2 age groups were irrigated with a nutrient solution, which contained mineral elements extracted from the SLS. After each harvest, inedible biomass of the harvested plants and inedible biomasses of wheat and saltwort were added to the SLS. The amounts of the inedible biomasses of wheat and saltwort to be added to the SLS were determined based on the nitrogen content of the edible mass of harvested plants. CO2 concentration in the growth chamber was maintained within the range of 1100–1700ppm. The results of the study show that higher plants can be grown quite successfully using the proposed process of plant waste utilization in the SLS. The addition of chufa inedible biomass to the SLS resulted in species-specific inhibition of growth of both cultivated crops and microorganisms in the “higher plants – SLS” system. There were certain differences between the amounts of some mineral elements removed from the SLS with the harvested edible biomass and those added to it with the inedible biomasses of wheat and saltwort. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2013
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16. Floral development and anatomy of Salvadoraceae.

Author

De Craene, Louis Ronse and Wanntorp, Livia

Subjects
*FLOWERS, *BRASSICALES, *BATIS, *PHYLOGENY, *TREES, *SALVADORACEAE
Abstract

Background and Aims: This study is an investigation into the floral development and anatomy of two genera of the small family Salvadoraceae, which belongs to the Brassicales in a clade with Batis and Koeberlinia. Salvadoraceae remains little known, despite its wide distribution in arid areas of the globe. Floral morphological data are scarce, and information on floral anatomy is limited to a single study, although morphological and anatomical characters are now used increasingly as a counterpart of molecular data. There remain a number of controversial morphological questions, such as the fusion of the petals, the number of carpels and the nature of the nectaries. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
2009
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17. USING SOME HERBAL PLANTS IN TENDERIZATION OF AGED CHICKENS MEAT.

Author

Nasser, Amera K., Hanna, Samir S., and Muhsen, Raghdan H.

Subjects
*HERBS, *BATIS, *GINGER, *CHICKENS, *MEAT, *NITROGEN, *PROTEINS, UTILIZATION
Abstract

The aim of this study is to tenderize the aged poultry meat using different concentration of three types of herbal plants (saltwort, ginger,bayleaves) and papine enzyme as control. The results showed a significant increase in relative humidity (72%) with saltwort, and in hydrogen number (7.03) while there was decrease in extract release value in all treatments in comparison with control. There were increase in total soluble nitrogen and soluble protein and non protein nitrogen , with decrease in total tyrosin/tryptophan and protein and non protein value in all treatments. The organolyptic results showed a significant increase for all treatments with herbal plants, the sample treated with 20% saltwort gave a high grade for tenderness, juiciness and general acceptable, and no significant differences were found with those treated with papine-enzyme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2007

18. The role of saltwort ( Batis maritima L.) in regeneration of degraded mangrove forests.

Author

Milbrandt, E. and Tinsley, M.

Subjects
*BATIS, *BATIS maritima, *MANGROVE forests, *MANGROVE plants, *ABSOLUTE sea level change, *SEEDLINGS, *COLONIZATION, *ECOLOGICAL succession, *BIOTIC communities
Abstract

While saltwort ( Batis maritima L.) is common in the fringe mangrove forests of southwest Florida, its role in regeneration of degraded mangrove communities is not known. Given the potential encroachment and subsequent degradation of mangrove communities by sea-level rise, it is important to quantify the effect of early-colonizing vegetation to early mangrove seedling survival. A greater number of mangrove seedlings were observed in existing B. maritima patches compared to surrounding mudflats. A planting experiment was designed to determine whether B. maritima was responsible for the observed pattern. Black mangrove ( Avicennia germinans L.) seedlings, raised in a nursery, were planted in previously established B. maritima patches and on mudflats with and without nursery-raised B. maritima. There was significantly lower mortality of A. germinans seedlings when planted in existing B. maritima patches (69%), compared to seedlings planted on the mudflats (93%), demonstrating that existing B. maritima improved A. germinans seedling survival. Nursery-raised B. maritima had lower mortality on open mudflats (28%), suggesting that it can tolerate conditions, which make it an early colonizer of newly available habitats. The primary mechanism proposed for improving seedling success is a slight increase in elevation provided by the dense root network of established B. maritima. These findings have implications for scientists and managers anticipating the response of mangroves to sea-level rise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2006
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19. Niche expansion, body size, and survival in Galápagos marine iguanas.

Author

Wikelski, Martin and Wrege, Peter H.

Subjects
ANIMAL behavior, IGUANAS, ANIMAL nutrition, BATIS maritima, BATIS, ALGAE, DIET
Abstract

Foraging theory predicts that dietary niche breadth should expand as resource availability decreases. However, Galápagos marine iguanas often die during algae shortages (El Niños) although land plants abound where they rest and reproduce. On Seymour Norte island, a subpopulation of iguanas exhibited unique foraging behavior: they consistently included the succulent beach plant B. maritima in their diet. We investigated the consequences of land-plant feeding for body size and survival. Batis-eaters supplemented their algae diet both before and after intertidal zone foraging, and more Batis was eaten during tides unfavorable for intertidal zone foraging (dawn and dusk). Larger, energy-constrained iguanas fed more on land than did smaller animals. Compared to intertidal zone algae, Batis was 39% lower in caloric content (1.6 vs. 2.6 kcal g–1 dry mass), 56% lower in protein (8.3 vs. 18.9% dry mass) and 57% lower in nitrogen (1.3 vs. 3.0% dry mass). In spite of its lower nutrient value, iguanas that supplemented their diet with this plant were able to attain nearly twice the body size of other iguanas on the island. Age estimates indicate that many Batis-eaters survived repeated El Niño episodes during which animals of their relative size-class experienced high mortality on other islands. The larger animals were, however, completely dependent upon this supplementary source of food to maintain condition, and all perished in the 1997–1998 El Niño when high tides inundated and killed Batis on Seymour Norte Island. We hypothesize that Batis feeding developed as a local foraging tradition, and that dietary conservatism and strong foraging site fidelity explain why the inclusion of land plants in the diet has been observed in only a single population. Ultimately, a unique algae-adapted hindgut morphology and physiology may limit a switch from marine to terrestrial diet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2000
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20. Above-ground primary production in impounded, ditched, and natural Batis-salicornia marshes along the Indian River Lagoon, Florida, U.S.A.

Author

Rey, Jorge, Shaffer, John, Crossman, Roy, and Tremain, Derek

Abstract

Yearly above-ground production estimates in natural, ditched, and impounded high salt marshes along the Indian River Lagoon in east central Florida ranged from 834.9 g/m in the impounded marsh to 2.316.5 g/m in the natural one. Mosquito control activities in the impounded marsh prior to the start of this study resulted in larger stocks of dead and litter biomass there during the first year than at the other two marshes. High soil temperature and salinity during the summer may have caused a decrease in production during that season. Annual tumover rales varied from 5.8 at the impounded marsh during the first year to 1.1 at the impounded marsh and at a nearby ditched marsh during the second year. Prduction was inversely correlated with flooding frequency. No significant differences were found in the rates of litter loss from any of the sites, but litter from the impounded marsh had greater organic content than litter from the open and the ditched marshes. The data suggest that flooding for mosquito control during the summer can curtail production, but the effects upon yearly production are minor, as production during the summer is naturally low. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1990
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21. Vegetation dynamics in impounded marshes along the Indian River Lagoon, Florida, USA.

Author

Rey, Jorge, Crossman, Roy, and Kain, Tim

Abstract

Data are presented on the vegetation dynamics of two impounded marshes along the Indian River Lagoon, in east-central Florida, USA. Vegetation in one of the marshes (IRC 12) was totally eliminated by overflooding and by hypersaline conditions (salinities over 100 ppt) that developed there in 1979 after the culvert connecting the marsh with the lagoon was closed. Over 20% recovery of the herbaceous halophytes Salicornia virginica, S. bigelovii, and Batis maritima was observed at that site after the culvert was reopened in 1982, but total cover in the marsh remains well below the original 75%. No recovery of mangroves was observed at this site. The second site (SLC 24), while remaining isolated from the lagoon during much of the study, did not suffer the complete elimination of vegetation experienced at the first site. At this location, mangroves increased in cover and frequency with a concomitant decrease in herbaceous halophytes. Considerable damage to the vegetation was evident at IRC 12 when the impoundment was closed and flooded for mosquito control in 1986. Although the damage was temporary, its occurrence emphasizes the need of planning and constant monitoring and adjustment of management details as conditions within particular marshes change. Storms and hurricanes may be important in promoting a replacement of black mangroves by red mangroves in closed impoundments because the former cannot tolerate pneumatophore submergence for long periods of time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1990
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22. Supercrop thrives on saline soil.

Author

Coghlan, Andy

Subjects
*BATIS, *AGRICULTURE
Abstract

Reports on the suitability of saltwort, a bush that grows on salt marshes, as a crop for farming. Problems posed by salt-affected soils on farmers; Potential of saltwort to be a high productive crop; Chemical content of saltwort seeds.

Published
2002

23. Méthodologies archéologiques appliquées aux bâtis

Author

Guyot, Stéphan, Etude des Civilisations de l'Antiquité (UMR 7044), Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Université Marc Bloch - Strasbourg II-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Dorffer, Sabine

Subjects
[SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, château, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, archéologie, bâtis
Published
2011

24. Batis maritima Linnaeus 1759

Author

Jarvis, Charlie

Subjects
Tracheophyta, Magnoliopsida, Batis, Bataceae, Biodiversity, Brassicales, Plantae, Batis maritima, Taxonomy
Abstract

Batis maritima Linnaeus, Systema Naturae, ed. 10, 2: 1289. 1759. ["Habitat in Jamaica maritimis salsis."] Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 2: 1451 (1763). RCN: 7401. Neotype (Monro in Cafferty & Monro in Novon 9: 490. 1999): Jamaica. Middlesex County, Clarendon Parish, nearTarentum farm, 10ft, 3 Jan 1960, C.D. Adams 6063 (UCWI). Generitype of Batis P. Browne (1756). Current name: Batis maritima L. (Bataceae)., Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part B), pp. 343-369 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 346, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971

Published
2007
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