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New data on the distribution of 40 species from the families Asteraceae, Cystopteridaceae, Dryopteridaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Poaceae, Rosaceae, and Woodsiaceae in Mongolia are presented in the article. For the first time, Centaurea cyanus, Cystopteris almaatensis, Potentilla × habievii, Potentilla salsa, and Potentilla smirnovii are indicated for the flora of the country. 19 species previously known in the flora of Mongolia are new for its separate botanical and geographical regions. Of these, 7 taxa were found for the first time in the Khuvsgul, 5 – in the Khovd, 4 – in the Gobi Altai and 3 – in the Mongolian Altai regions, 2 each – in the Khangai, Khentei, and Dzungarian Gobi, 1 – in the Middle Khalkha. New locations were registered for 19 rare and endemic species of the study region. There are narrow local national endemics: Potentilla coriacea, P. inopinata, P. laevipes, and P.schmakovii, among them. The findings are divided into three groups in the article. Comments about the range, relationships and main morphological differences are given for each species. Photographic materials of Potentilla salsa made in nature on the territory of Mongolia are demonstrated for the first time., Приводятся новые данные о распространении 40 видов из семейства Asteraceae, Cystopteridaceae, Dryopteridaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Poaceae, Rosaceae и Woodsiaceae на территории Монголии. Впервые для флоры страны указываются Centaurea cyanus, Cystopteris almaatensis, Potentilla × habievii, Potentilla salsa и Potentilla smirnovii. 19 видов, ранее известные во флоре Монголии, являются новыми для ее отдельных ботанико-географических районов. Из них 7 таксонов обнаружено впервые в Прихубсугульском, 5 – в Кобдосском, 4 – в Гоби-Алтайском и 3 – в Монгольско-Алтайском районах, по 2 – в Хангайском, Хэнтэйском и Джунгарской Гоби, 1 – в Средней Халке. Зарегистрированы новые местонахождения для 19 редких и эндемичных видов исследуемого региона. Среди них узколокальные национальные эндемики Potentillacoriacea, P. inopinata, P. laevipes и P. schmakovii. Соответствующие находки распределены в статье на три группы. К каждому виду даются комментарии об ареале, родственных связях и главных морфологических отличиях. Впервые демонстрируются фотоматериалы Potentilla salsa, сделанные в природе на территории Монголии.

The genus Allium is one of the largest genera in the family of Amaryllidaceae. It comprises over 1000 species, and the number is still increasing. The new intergeneric classification system, based on molecular sequence data, subdivided the genus into 15 subgenera and more than seventy sections. In some sections, the phylogenetic position of species remained unresolved. This is also the case regarding the sections Caespitosoprason and Rhizomatosa. These two sections are confined to Central Asia, where they inhabit steppe habitats. For this study we conducted a phylogenetic analysis of most of the taxa of sections Caespitosoprason and Rhizomatosa with the nuclear marker ITS and three different chloroplast regions (trnQ-rps16, trnL-trnF and rpl32-trnL). Taxonomical remarks, identification key and distribution maps for all species of section Rhizomatosa (including all species of section Caespitosoprason) are presented. A newly discovered Allium bellulum from the Katun Valley (Altai, Russia) was cytologically compared (flow cytometry and karyology) with the other two known localities from Tuva, Russia, and the Buchtarma Valley, Altai, Kazakhstan, and the disjunctive distribution discussed. Divergence time estimates of the species of section Rhizomatosa and their distribution are in agreement with the origin and climate/landscape history of the Central Asian steppe since the Lower Miocene.