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To protect the battery, radio energy transmission charging typically uses constant current (CC) charging before switching to constant voltage (CV) charging to enhance battery durability. This paper proposes adding an auxiliary clamp coil to the original circuit topology. The IPT battery charger designed with the auxiliary clamp coil can achieve both constant current (CC) and constant voltage (CV) outputs. The mutual inductance between the auxiliary clamp coil and the primary side coil greatly influences the output performance of the entire IPT system, so the auxiliary clamp coil should not be too large. To solve this problem, an S-S-PS circuit with secondary compensation topology in the secondary coil is proposed. This circuit topology reduces the size of the auxiliary clamp coil, allowing it to be placed in an optimal position. When the constant voltage output critical position is reached, the IPT system can still automatically, continuously, and smoothly switch between CC and CV modes. Consequently, this approach avoids increased cost consumption associated with detecting CC-CV switching thresholds, adding wireless transmission communication modules, real-time control of the power transmitter, and active protection of the circuit during constant current charging. Finally, a 48 V/2.5 A prototype was built to verify that the IPT system has CC-CV conversion functionality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The particle number size distribution (PNSD) plays a crucial role in aerosol science and related industries. The recent surge in dense PNSD monitoring networks and measurement in harsh environments necessitates low-cost Electrical Mobility Sizers/Spectrometers (EMS). A miniature charger using the radioactive source of americium-241 charger was specifically developed for the low-cost EMS, with ion sources easily obtainable at low costs from smoke alarms. The ion concentration was over 5 × 1012 m−3. The measured charging efficiency of the charger aligns with the commonly used approximation formulae, while charge distributions deviate slightly from it. To solve this deviation issue, a reported inversion method is adopted which is based on the bipolar PNSD measurement. The practical use of the charger was theoretically explored, providing insights into the particle number concentration limits at commonly employed flow rates. This charger displays the potential for providing a cost-effective method of conditioning aerosol charging in large-scale or environmentally challenging PNSD measurements. Copyright © 2024 American Association for Aerosol Research [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the continuous progress of new energy technology, new energy vehicles have ushered in a stage of rapid development. As the central core of new energy vehicle, the power accumulator batteries have been attracting increasing attention. To obtain the exact electrical characteristics of the power battery, battery charging and discharging are integral component. A bidirectional grid‐connected AC/DC converter with predictive load‐feedforward compensation is presented in this article. Derive a predictive load‐feedforward model from the state space model of the rear DC/DC converter to reduce the bus voltage fluctuations caused by load variations. Firstly, the system structure for battery charging and discharging system is presented, and then the underlying principle of predictive load‐feedforward control is analyzed. Secondly, the predictive load‐feedforward model is built and discussed. Finally, build a system simulation model in MATLAB/Simulink and set up an experimental platform in the lab. Simulation results show that the predictive load‐feedforward control can reduce the bus voltage fluctuation and regulation time by about 84% and 50%, respectively, when the load power varies substantially. The findings of experimental studies also indicate that with predictive load‐feedforward control can significantly suppress bus voltage fluctuations and improve the dynamic response of the converter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the analysis and control strategy of a four-switch boost-buck AC/DC converter utilized in power factor correction applications with a wide output voltage range. Given the increasing importance of electric vehicles and the need for high reliability, this study addresses the internal dynamic stability problem that can arise in the converter system. The analysis begins with a thorough examination of the system's min-phase characteristic. Despite this, internal dynamic stability issues persist, requiring a solution to ensure a higher power factor and reliability. To address this challenge, this paper proposes the utilization of a damping RC circuit instead of reducing the loop gain bandwidth. To demonstrate the internal dynamic behavior of the converter, small-signal modeling is employed. This modeling highlights the importance of mitigating internal dynamic instability to achieve the desired power factor and reliability. This study emphasizes the significance of proper analysis and control strategies for boost-buck AC/DC converters in power factor correction applications. By addressing internal dynamic stability using a damping RC circuit, the converter can achieve a higher power factor and enhanced reliability, ultimately contributing to the development of more efficient and dependable EV systems. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed analysis and control strategy is confirmed through comprehensive simulations. The simulation results validate the effectiveness of using a damping RC circuit to address the internal dynamic stability problem, leading to an improved power factor and enhanced reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a promising technology to achieve the permanent operation of battery-powered wireless sensor devices, wireless rechargeable sensor networks (WRSNs) by radio-frequency radiation have attracted considerable attention in recent years. Determining how to save the deployment cost of WRSNs has been a hot topic. Previous scholars have mainly studied the cost of deploying chargers, thus ignoring the impact of sensor deployment on the network. Therefore, we consider the new problem of joint deployment of sensors and chargers on a two-dimensional plane, i.e., deploying the minimum number of sensors and chargers used to monitor points of interest (PoIs). Considering the interaction of deployed sensors and chargers, we divide the problem into two stages, P1 and P2. P1 addresses the sensor deployment, while P2 addresses the deployment of chargers. Both P1 and P2 have proved to be NP-hard. Meanwhile, we notice that the aggregation effect of sensors can effectively reduce the number of chargers deployed; therefore, we propose a greedy heuristic approximate solution for deploying sensors by using the aggregation effect (GHDSAE). Then, a greedy heuristic (GH) solution and a particle swarm optimization (PSO) solution are proposed for P2. The time complexity of these solutions is analyzed. Finally, extensive simulation results show that the PSO solution can always reduce the number of chargers deployed based on the GHDSAE solution sensor deployment approach. Therefore, it is more cost-effective to jointly deploy sensors and chargers by using the GHDSAE solution and the PSO solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a new hybrid control strategy to solve the problem of bidirectional wide voltage range regulation in CLLC converters. On the (LLC) side (G2V direction), the SSSA control method is employed for voltage boost, combined with bus voltage and burst control to achieve wide voltage regulation. On the (C) side (V2G direction), the SSSA and full/half‐bridge mode switching control are used to achieve V2G direction wide voltage regulation. This hybrid control strategy also enables high conversion efficiency in both directions without the need for additional components to reduce the converter power density. This is particularly suitable for OBC applications with strict requirements for converter volume and weight. A detailed analysis with mathematical derivation, hybrid control strategy, and converter operation principles is introduced in this paper. The following subchapters supplement the converter voltage gain, soft switching implementation conditions, and design considerations. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed control strategy was verified through an experimental prototype with an input voltage ranging from 340 to 430 V to an output voltage ranging from 225 to 450 V and bidirectional rated power of 6.6/3.3 kW. This prototype achieved a maximum conversion efficiency of 97.7% in the G2V direction and 97.1% in the V2G direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In two-stage electric vehicle (EV) battery chargers, ac-dc conversion stage contributes significantly in determining the power quality. At this stage, multilevel rectifiers (MLRs) featuring switches with lower voltage rating and better input voltage waveform quality can be adopted. However, balancing capacitor voltage in MLR is an important challenge. In this paper, a single-phase five-level power factor correction (PFC) rectifier with self-balancing capacitor is implemented for EV battery charging. The complimentary switching scheme adopted for rectifier reduces number of gate driver circuits and ensures capacitor voltage balancing. The rectifier shows added benefit of reduced voltage stress across switches and not requiring an external filter at the dc side as the load is parallelly connected with one of the capacitors. The operating principle, control strategy, modulation technique and design features of the implemented five-level rectifier is discussed in detail. The implemented control scheme enhances rectifier performance by establishing precise output voltage regulation during load fluctuations while maintaining unity power factor at input side. The five-level rectifier is validated experimentally and compared with other existing multilevel and non-multilevel rectifier topologies. The peak efficiency of 93.8% is achieved at 2 kW of output power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract With the continuous progress of new energy technology, new energy vehicles have ushered in a stage of rapid development. As the central core of new energy vehicle, the power accumulator batteries have been attracting increasing attention. To obtain the exact electrical characteristics of the power battery, battery charging and discharging are integral component. A bidirectional grid‐connected AC/DC converter with predictive load‐feedforward compensation is presented in this article. Derive a predictive load‐feedforward model from the state space model of the rear DC/DC converter to reduce the bus voltage fluctuations caused by load variations. Firstly, the system structure for battery charging and discharging system is presented, and then the underlying principle of predictive load‐feedforward control is analyzed. Secondly, the predictive load‐feedforward model is built and discussed. Finally, build a system simulation model in MATLAB/Simulink and set up an experimental platform in the lab. Simulation results show that the predictive load‐feedforward control can reduce the bus voltage fluctuation and regulation time by about 84% and 50%, respectively, when the load power varies substantially. The findings of experimental studies also indicate that with predictive load‐feedforward control can significantly suppress bus voltage fluctuations and improve the dynamic response of the converter.

Abstract High efficiency and unity power factor (PF) are the most important requirements of a wireless charger system simultaneous with the output voltage regulation. Achieving all above‐mentioned criteria in a wide range of the load is challenging in the system. This paper presents a novel control approach applied to series‐series wireless power transmission converter by using a dual‐function compensator to achieve unity PF and maximum efficiency during the constant power‐constant voltage (CP‐CV) charging scenarios. A semi‐active rectifier with impedance matching capability along with a switch‐controlled capacitor constitutes the dual‐function compensator on the secondary side. Meanwhile, the primary side inverter executes the CP‐CV charging scenario for the battery with various charging characteristics at a fixed‐switching frequency. Besides that, all secondary side switches experience soft switching condition throughout the battery charging. Finally, a prototype with a power of 200 W and roughly regulated efficiency of 90% is presented in order to verify the proposed control method.

Abstract Increasing the power rating of electric vehicles (EV) fast charging stations to reduce charging times is considered critical to accelerate the adoption of electric vehicles. Besides increasing the power, other drivers pushing the development of EV fast chargers include the improvement of efficiency and reliability. Partial power converters (PPC) have emerged as an interesting option for some of the power converter stages in fast charging stations due to their potential to increase efficiency and power rating. However, some PPCs operate as switched autotransformers by using high frequency (HF) isolation transformers but without providing galvanic isolation. This is a drawback due to cost, size and losses introduced by the transformer. This paper presents a transformerless DC–DC Type I step‐up PPC for a DC–DC regulation converter for EV fast charging stations. The proposed converter replaces the transformer commonly used in Type I PPC by an impedance network, resulting in a more efficient, cheaper, and less complex converter option. This concept is verified through simulations and experimentally validated with a laboratory prototype.

Increasing the power rating of electric vehicles (EV) fast charging stations to reduce charging times is considered critical to accelerate the adoption of electric vehicles. Besides increasing the power, other drivers pushing the development of EV fast chargers include the improvement of efficiency and reliability. Partial power converters (PPC) have emerged as an interesting option for some of the power converter stages in fast charging stations due to their potential to increase efficiency and power rating. However, some PPCs operate as switched autotransformers by using high frequency (HF) isolation transformers but without providing galvanic isolation. This is a drawback due to cost, size and losses introduced by the transformer. This paper presents a transformerless DC–DC Type I step‐up PPC for a DC–DC regulation converter for EV fast charging stations. The proposed converter replaces the transformer commonly used in Type I PPC by an impedance network, resulting in a more efficient, cheaper, and less complex converter option. This concept is verified through simulations and experimentally validated with a laboratory prototype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High efficiency and unity power factor (PF) are the most important requirements of a wireless charger system simultaneous with the output voltage regulation. Achieving all above‐mentioned criteria in a wide range of the load is challenging in the system. This paper presents a novel control approach applied to series‐series wireless power transmission converter by using a dual‐function compensator to achieve unity PF and maximum efficiency during the constant power‐constant voltage (CP‐CV) charging scenarios. A semi‐active rectifier with impedance matching capability along with a switch‐controlled capacitor constitutes the dual‐function compensator on the secondary side. Meanwhile, the primary side inverter executes the CP‐CV charging scenario for the battery with various charging characteristics at a fixed‐switching frequency. Besides that, all secondary side switches experience soft switching condition throughout the battery charging. Finally, a prototype with a power of 200 W and roughly regulated efficiency of 90% is presented in order to verify the proposed control method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The charger's operation in the power grid will cause harmonic pollution, affecting the service life of the equipment and the quality of the power grid. The harmonic characteristics and detection during the charging process are studied. The simulation model of charger is established first using MATLAB, the results of the experiment show that odd harmonics are mainly generated during charging, and the distortion rate of the current harmonics remains between 0.231 and 0.443 during the charging process. A new wavelet neural network is proposed to detect the harmonic method. Experimental results indicate that, compared with previous detection methods, this network has better detection efficiency and accuracy for harmonics. But detection result of this network is unstable and does not even converge. A new adaptive bat algorithm with improved focusing distance is presented here to optimize the wavelet neural network, which effectively solves the defect of being sensitive to the node number of hidden layer, resulting in higher detection accuracy, faster detection speed, and stable convergence. The detection error range is reduced from −0.03 to 0.02, and the number of iterations is reduced to around 1000. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modular multilevel converters with non-sinusoidal ac voltage output can reduce cost and volume in medium-voltage-connected electric vehicle battery charging applications. The use of full-bridge submodules in such converters enables single-stage ac/ac voltage conversion, allowing a medium-voltage grid to be directly connected to a medium-frequency isolation transformer. The application of a square wave voltage at the medium-frequency transformer's single-phase port enhances the converter's efficiency and power density in comparison to a sinusoidal voltage. This paper presents the analysis and modelling of a modular multilevel converter, comparing its operation with sinusoidal and square wave output voltages. A single control scheme for both output voltage waveforms is proposed for the three-phase and single-phase ac currents, circulating currents, and the energy stored in the submodule capacitors. The control strategy of the three-phase and single-phase port currents is verified through simulation and experiments using a scaled-down prototype, thereby validating its suitability for high-power bidirectional battery chargers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper offers a unique and novel approach for electric vehicle battery charging by incorporating a solar PV-integrated dc to dc boost converter. Traditional power electronic converters used in such applications often face limitations including low voltage gain, low conversion efficiency, high ripple content, and inadequate controller performance. To overcome these challenges, the study introduces the Improved A-Source Boost Converter (IASBC) along with an interval type-2 fuzzy logic controller (IT2FLC) and MPPT technique for continuous switching with optimal design. The IASBC, equipped with a coupled inductor, enhances load side performance by achieving high conversion efficiency and voltage gain while minimizing the impact of network parasitic. Additionally, the proposed controller technique effectively reduces output side dc ripple content through gain parameter optimization. The system is optimized for charging a 48 V rechargeable battery within a solar photovoltaic voltage range of 25–75 V DC. Extensive simulations using MATLAB validate the efficacy of the proposed approach. The software analysis reveals an efficiency of 90.82% in the open-loop system and 98.57% in the closed-loop system, while the hardware system achieves an efficiency of approximately 98.55%. Furthermore, a 100 W experimental design is developed and compared with the simulation results, providing validation for the technical significance of the suggested converter. This novel approach not only addresses the limitations of conventional converters but also offers improved performance in terms of efficiency, voltage gain, and ripple content. The proposed system holds promise for efficient electric vehicle battery charging and can contribute to the advancement of sustainable energy solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces an improved methodology designed to address a practical deficit of existing methodologies by incorporating circuit-level analysis in the assessment of building microgrid reliability. The scientific problem at hand involves devising a systematic approach that integrates circuit modeling, Probability Density Function (PDF) selection, formulation of reliability functions, and Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) tailored specifically for the distinctive features of building microgrids. This method entails analyzing inter-component relationships to gain comprehensive insights into system behavior. By harnessing the circuit models and theoretical framework proposed herein, precise estimations of microgrid failure rates can be attained. To complement this approach, we propose a thorough investigation utilizing reliability curves and importance measures, providing valuable insights into individual device failure probabilities over time. Such time-based analysis plays a crucial role in proactively identifying potential failures and facilitating efficient maintenance planning for microgrid devices. We demonstrate the application of this methodology to the University of Antioquia (UdeA) Microgrid, a low-voltage system comprising critical components such as solar panels, microinverters, inverters/chargers, batteries, and charge controllers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the control task of a wireless power transfer (WPT) charger designed for electric vehicles (EVs). The challenge is to maintain a constant battery charging current when the WPT is controlled on the ground side. Indeed, the intermittent latency involved in the wireless data communication between the ground and vehicle sides leads to system instability. To overcome this issue, a new control approach has been proposed in this paper. The proposed technique ensures indirect control of the battery charging current through control of the current on the ground side. The control technique relies on an adaptive hill-climbing algorithm in conjunction with a PI-based controller. The adaptive parameter is adjusted online, during the operation of the charger, only when a new measure of the battery charging current is received on the primary side. This makes it possible to avoid the need for real-time wireless data communication. It should be noted that this aspect is crucial in ensuring the controller's robustness and stability of the system regardless of potential delays in wireless communication and large misalignments between the coils. The validity of the proposed control technique has been confirmed through simulation. In addition, experimental validation, using a laboratory test bed, demonstrated satisfactory results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rising Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions stemming from the extensive use of automobiles across the globe represent a critical environmental challenge, contributing significantly to phenomena such as global warming and the deterioration of air quality. To address these challenges, there is a critical need for research and development in electric vehicles (EVs) and their associated charging infrastructure, including off-board and on-board chargers (OBCs). This paper aims to bridge the gaps in existing review literature by offering a comprehensive review of both integrated and non-integrated OBCs for EVs, based on the authors' knowledge at the time of writing. The paper begins by outlining trends in the EV market, including voltage levels, power ratings, and relevant standards. It then provides a detailed analysis of two-level and multi-level power converter topologies, covering AC-DC power factor correction (PFC) and isolated DC-DC topologies. Subsequently, it discusses single-stage and two-stage non-integrated OBC solutions. Additionally, various categories of integrated OBCs (iOBCs) are explored, accompanied by relevant examples. The paper also includes comparison tables containing technical specifications and key characteristics for reference and analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a new electric drive-reconfigured on-board charger and initial electromagnetic torque suppression method. This proposed reconfigured on-board charger does not need many components added to the original electric drive system: only a connector is needed, which is easy to add. Specifically, the inverter for propulsion is reconfigured as a buck chopper and a conduction path to match the reconfigured windings. Two of the machine phase windings serve as inductors, while the third phase winding is reutilized as a common-mode inductor. In addition, the initial charging torque is generated at the outset of the charging process, which may cause an instant shock or even rotational movement. In order to prevent vehicle movement, the reason for the charging torque and suppression method were analyzed. Further, predictive control of the model based on mutual inductance analysis was adopted, where the charging torque was directly used as a control object in the cost function. Finally, experimental performances were applied to verify the proposed reconfigured on-board charger under constant current and constant voltage charging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quantum control allows us to address the problem of engineering quantum dynamics for special purposes. While recently the field of quantum batteries has attracted much attention, optimization of their charging has not benefited from the quantum control methods. Here we fill this gap by using an optimization method. We apply for the first time the convergent iterative method for the control of the population of a bipartite quantum system in two cases, starting with a qubit-qubit case. The quantum charger-battery system is considered here, where the energy is pumped into the charger by an external classical electromagnetic field. Secondly, we systematically extend our investigation to a second case involving two harmonic oscillators in the Gaussian regime, presenting an original formulation of the method. In both cases, the charger is considered to be an open dissipative system, as its interaction with the drive may require a more pronounced exposure to general interaction with environment. A key consideration in our optimization strategy is the practical concern of turning the charging external field on and off. We find that optimizing the pulse shape yields a substantial enhancement in both the power and efficiency of the charging process compared to a sinusoidal drive. The harmonic oscillator configuration of quantum batteries is particularly intriguing, as the optimal driving pulse remains effective regardless of the environmental temperature. This study introduces a novel approach to quantum battery charging optimization, opening avenues for enhanced performance in real-world applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a low‐cost maximum power point tracking (MPPT) charge controller designed to efficiently charge solar batteries using a simple and robust MPPT method, while providing protection against over‐currents and over‐voltages. The proposed MPPT approach utilizes a modified Incremental Conductance (INC) algorithm adapted to low‐cost embedded controllers, as it avoids all the mathematical division calculations typically used in the conventional INC algorithm. It also introduces a modified step size based only on photovoltaic (PV) power change to enhance tracking accuracy and convergence speed. Furthermore, to reduce the stress and switching losses of DC–DC converter, a feedback control with two proportional and integral (PI) compensators is also used to control both the PV voltage and to protect the battery from over‐currents using PV power limitation technique. Simulation results, carried out under MATLAB/Simulink, demonstrate the good performance of the proposed control scheme regarding any variations in atmospheric conditions, both for the MPPT control and for the battery charge control. Finally, a processor‐in‐the‐loop (PIL) test using a low‐cost Arduino MKR ZERO board is also performed to verify the hardware implementation of the proposed method. PIL results are in totally accordance with MATLAB/Simulink simulation results, which further proves the effectiveness of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global DC fast-charging infrastructure is being rapidly developed to accommodate the ever-increasing demand from the electric vehicle market. A major complication in the electric power system's process is the proliferation of ultra-fast charging (UFC) stations, which are known for their enormous power consumption and unpredictable, intermittent performance. By implementing grid-supportive features and ensuring an improved power consumption profile for the grid, installing regional energy storage can solve these challenges. This study presents a control approach for managing the grid-side AC/DC converters of rapid charging stations focused on future-oriented regulation. The paper primarily concentrates on various Vienna rectifier topologies. The technology, characteristics, benefits, and operational aspects of Vienna rectifier topologies are vital to improving the performance, efficiency, and grid integration of electric vehicle charging systems. Fast charging, grid stability, energy economy, and the smooth integration of electric vehicles into the electrical grid are all made possible by Vienna rectifiers. When used in battery energy storage systems (BESS) for electric vehicle charging infrastructure, Vienna rectifiers allow for effective discharge and charging of the batteries. The configurations and assessments of these converters are examined, assessed, and compared based on power output parameters, element count, power factor, THD, and efficiency. The Vienna rectifier has been identified as the best suitable DC fast-charging converter architecture for power levels exceeding 15 kW due to its exceptional efficiency, limited output voltage ripples, high power density, reduced current ripples, and reliable performance. Research on ways to improve electric vehicle charging infrastructure can be spurred by a better grasp of the Vienna rectifier's technological complexities and performance benefits, leading to greener and more efficient transportation options. As a result, the system's power density will eventually rise and elemental stress will decrease.

Abstract A novel magnetic coupling resonance wireless power transfer (MCR‐WPT) system, which has constant‐current (CC) and constant‐voltage (CV) output characteristics suiting for batteries charging, is proposed in this paper. The hybrid compensation topology is adopted; in detail, the LCL‐P circuit topology is used in the CC mode, while the LCL‐S topology is used in the CV mode. Since the switchable components are only located at the receiving side of WPT, the switching can be controlled by the receiving side based on the batteries’ state without data communication between transmitting side and receiving side. Furthermore, an adjustable frequency tuning method which is based on proportion integration (PI) closed‐loop controlled by the transmitting side is applied to maximize the current of the transmitting coil. This method also can solve the frequency splitting problem, improving the stability and power of the system while the distance of the two sides changes. The performance of the proposed WPT system is verified by simulation and experiments. The experiment results show that the load current variation is less than 3% in the CC mode and the load voltage changes less than 5% in the CV mode, as the load resister changes from 5 to 20 Ω.

Abstract This paper proposes a new wide range bidirectional buck‐boost dc‐dc converter with improved voltage gain in either forward (discharging) or backward (charging) direction for electric vehicle (EV) applications. The converter has high‐voltage gain ratio with no theoretical limits in the output voltage in both directions, and presents a good balance between the component count, number of conducting components, semiconductor device ratings, having direct connection between input and output terminals, and efficiency which makes it a practical solution for the EV charger levels 1, 2, and 3 power converter unit. The operating principle, steady‐state characteristics including the current and voltage stress of the switches, and comparison with other state of the art dc‐dc bidirectional converters are explained in detail. In order to validate the theoretical analysis, a 500 W, 200 V or 40 V to 180 V laboratory prototype is implemented. The obtained results confirm the applicability of this structure and demonstrate a peak efficiency of 97.2% in the forward and 97.6% in the backward direction modes of operation.

Ultrafast charging can help increase the adoption of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) as it solves the prime issues of range anxiety and long charging time. However, for conventional 400 V battery systems, these high charging currents can become infeasible due to cable limitations and thermal issues. Fortunately, 800 V systems can provide higher charging power capacity at lower current levels, better enabling ultrafast charging. The emerging shift to 800 V systems from 400 V systems requires careful design considerations for the on-board charger (OBC). This article fills a gap in the literature by performing a comprehensive review of state-of-the-art 800 V passenger BEV OBC topologies and control, focusing primarily on 1-phase topologies as the majority of residential charging connections are 1-phase. This article also reviews the main design challenges for 800 V OBCs and relevant industrial products, and provides a discussion of related future trends.

This work proposes a switched/modulated capacitor filter approach for optimizing electric vehicle (EV) and vehicle-to-house (V2H) battery-charging stations. The proposed method employs using classical optimized Type- 2 Fuzzy Logic Controller. Multi-mode charging modes are modified to enable super-fast charging and enhanced power quality while reducing voltage transients on the DC side, inrush currents and harmonics on the AC side. An inter-coupled AC-DC capacitor interface equipped with dual complementary switching modes is utilized by the modulated filter to enable capacitive compensator pulsing and dual operational modes for the tuned arm filter. The aim of the proposed switched inter-coupled AC-DC filter compensation strategy is to achieve EV-enhanced electrical power usage by mitigating AC-DC voltage transients and inrush currents. The paper presented a dual action switched capacitors-tuned filter and reactive compensator scheme. The dual action complementary switched filter/capacitor compensator is controlled by a multi loop regulation controller to ensure effective measured action based on the global errors sum of the voltage and current/power loops. The novelty of the paper lies in using a multi loop weighted error action to carry the Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) power width modulation - duty cycle ratio based on slow changing dynamic/inrush loads. Results show the importance of the proposed scheme for improving the overall system efficiency and quality. The proposed scheme is tested and validated under different operating conditions and proved its effectiveness for various conditions.