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Supplementary images of the holotype and single known specimenof Caenonychus fallax Oudemans. Abstract of associated paper: The single known specimen of the monotypic genus Caenonychus Oudemans, 1902 was examined. No distinguishing characters could be found to justify the retention of Speleorchestes Trägårdh, 1909 as a separate genus from Caenonychus. Grandjean (1939) suspected these genera were synonymous but retained Speleorchestes as valid because of a difference between the two genera in opisthosomal shape. An artifactual explanation for the difference in opisthosomal shape is herein accepted based on the effects of applying different pressures to the coverslip over the same specimen. Therefore, Speleorchestes is treated as a junior synonym of Caenonychus.

Tetranychus canadensis (McGregor, 1950) (Figs 1–35) Septanychus canadensis, McGregor 1950: 319, original description. Tetranychus canadensis, Pritchard & Baker 1952: 267, new combination; Baker & Pritchard, 1953: 221; Pritchard & Baker 1955: 393; Tuttle & Baker 1964: 41; Baker & Tuttle 1994: 289; Seeman & Beard 2011: 24. Description Measurements are given based on the specimens ex. Liriodendron tulipifera, from 49 th Place, College Park City, Maryland, U.S.A. Female (n = 10) Dorsum (Figs 1–3). Idiosomal length from v 2 to h 2 380 (317–424), width from c 3 to c 3 282 (244–311). Propodosoma with broadly truncate anterior margin, with longitudinal medial lobed striae anteriorly and posteriorly flanked by a narrow strip of transverse lobed striae (Fig. 1). Prodorsum with three pairs of barbed setae. Length of prodorsal setae: v 2 68 (64–73), sc 1 118 (114–123), sc 2 88 (79–96). Distance between setal bases: v 2 – v 2 67 (60–73), sc 1 – sc 1 78 (72–82), sc 2 – sc 2 193 (169–210). Hysterosoma with transverse striae between c 1 – f 1, longitudinal between f 1 – f 1 followed by transverse (Fig. 2, 3C), arched (Figs 3B, D) or irregular striae (Fig. 3A). Length of longitudinal striae between f 1 – f 1 varies among female mites ex. Liriodendron tulipifera (Magnoliaceae), usually ending at the level of f 2 - f 2 (Fig 3D), sometimes not reaching the level of f 2 - f 2 (Figs 2, 3B, C). Dorsal setae on hysterosoma similar to prodorsal setae. Para-anal setae h 2 sub-terminal, h 3 terminal, located ventrally. Length of setae: c 1 108 (101–114), c 2 106 (100–111), c 3 96 (88–103), d 1 106 (91–113), d 2 107 (100–112), e 1 106 (101–110), e 2 106 (98–114), f 1 94 (85–100), f 2 85 (78–98), h 2 33(28–38), h 3 35 (25–40). Distances between setal bases: c 1 – c 1 69 (62–79), c 2 – c 2 143 (129–154), c 3 – c 3 282 (244–311), d 1 – d 1 80 (76–90), d 2 – d 2 107 (100–112), e 1 – e 1 51 (45–56), e 2 – e 2 157 (131–151), f 1 – f 1 51 (45–58), f 2 – f 2 94 (84–113). Three pair of lyrifissures (ia, im, ip) visible. Venter (Figs 4–6). Ventral striae without lobes, transverse except for pregenital region with longitudinal broken (Figs 5, 6A, C, D, E) or, in other populations, weakly broken or entire striae (Figs 6B, F). Genital flap with transverse fine striae. Coxal setal chaetotaxy 2-2-1-1. Three pairs of intercoxal barbed setae 1a, 3a and 4a. Setae 1a 45 (43–47) longer than distance 1a–1a 34 (32–36). Setae 3a 51 (47–53) shorter than distance 3a–3a 69 (66–74). Setae 4a 72 (62–79) as long as distance between 4a–4a 72 (66–78). Two pairs of barbed genital setae (g 1 & g 2), subequal in length, g 1 43 (39–47) and g 2 40 (37–42). Two pairs of anal setae (ps) nude, subequal in length, ps 1 18 (15–20) and ps 2 17 (16–19). Gnathosoma (Figs 7–8). Stylophore with longitudinal striae only. Peritreme groove hook-like; four or five peritrematal septa visible (Fig.7A, arrows a, b). Subcapitular setae m smooth, subequal in length [46 (44 – 47)] to distance m–m 48 (46–51). Three pairs of adoral setae (or 1–3) conspicuous, or 1 dorsal, spine-like; or 2 lateral, leaf-like, or 3 ventral, leaf-like. Hole-like rostral fossette visible on ventral subdistal rostrum (Fig. 7B arrow e). Palp striate dorsally and ventrally, but membranes between palpal segments punctate ventrally. Dorsal surface of palp base with supracoxal seta (ep), eupathidial form. Setae d PFe and l″ PGe barbed. All three palptibial setae finely barbed; l′ PTi located near base of tibial claw. Tibial claw each side with lateral hole (Fig. 7B, arrows c) and lateral spur (Fig. 7B, arrows d). Terminal eupathidium (suζ) sub-conical, 6.7 (6.0–7.0) long and 3.6 (3.1–3.8) in diameter at widest level. Two lateral eupathidia (ul′ζ and ul″ζ) subequal in length, ul′ζ 6.9 (6.5–7.4), ul″ ζ 7.3 (7.1– 7.6). Solenidion (ω) 4.6 (4.3–5.0) long, about twice as long as wide 1.7 (1.5–1.8). Three normal setae (a, b, c) nude (Figs 8A, B). Legs (Figs 9, 10). Coxa I dorsally with a supracoxal seta (el), eupathidial form (Fig. 7A). Claws of I–IV pad like, each with a dorsal spur (Fig. 9A, arrow a) and a pair of tenet hairs. Empodia I–IV each with a small dorsal spur and three pairs of proximoventral hairs (Figs 9 A–D, arrows b–e). Tarsus I with two pairs of duplex setae; tarsus II with one pair of duplex setae; tarsus III and IV each with a solenidion. Dorsal seta on tibia I (db) with trichobothridial aspect (Fig. 10A). Male (n =10) Dorsum (Figs 11–13). Length of idiosoma (v 2 – h 2) 202 (190–217); width of idiosoma (c 3 – c 3) 151 (134–160). Prodorsal striae longitudinal, with lobes; hysterosomal striae transverse, without lobes. Shape of dorsal setae as in female, h 2 dorsal, h 3 laterodorsal (Figs 13 & 14A). Length of setae: v 2 51 (46–56), sc 1 91 (82–101), sc 2 65 (54–75), c 1 77 (69–85), c 2 77 (67–85), c 3 71 (63–78), d 1 75 (69–80), d 2 76 (66–91), e 1 72 (67–78), e 2 74 (66–81), f 1 59 (52–63), h 2 19 (16–23), h 3 15 (13–17). Distances between setal bases: v 2 – v 2 51 (46–56), sc 1 – sc 1 61 (54–65), sc 2 – sc 2 121 (110–129), c 1 – c 1 54 (49–59), c 2 – c 2 94 (80–97), c 3 – c 3 151 (134–160), d 1 – d 1 53 (47–56), d 2 – d 2 101 (93–107), e 1 – e 1 31 (27–33), e 2 – e 2 76 (67–83), f 1 – f 1 30 (24–34), f 2 – f 2 46 (41–50). Venter. Ventral striate including pregenital region transverse, without lobes; ventral setae barbed excepting smooth ps 1 and ps 2 (Fig. 14A): 1a 35 (30–39), 3a 37 (33–41), 4a 50 (45–55), ag 41 (33–47), g 1 16 (14–17), g 2 14 (14–15), ps 1 9 (8–10), ps 2 9 (8–10). Distances between setal bases: 1a–1a 23 (21–26), 3a–3a 45 (40–49), 4a–4a 49 (41–67). Gnathosoma (Figs 14B, 15A, B, 16). Peritreme groove hook-like (Figs 15A, 16A); sometimes hook bifurcate (Fig. 15A). Subcapitular setae m smooth, length 36 (30 – 41) subequal with distance m–m 36 (34–41). Three pairs of adoral setae (or 1–3) conspicuous, or 1 dorsal, spine-like; or 2 lateral, leaf-like, or 3 ventral, leaf-like. Palp (Figs 14B, 15A). Supracoxal seta (ep) eupathidial form. Seta d PFe peg-like. Palpal tarsus with coneshaped spinneret (suζ) slightly thinner than female, 5.8 (5.4–6.5) in length, 2.1 (1.9–2.2) in diameter at base; single solenidion 4.4 (4–4.7) in length and 1.4 (1.3–1.5) width; two eupathidia, ul′ζ 5.5 (5.1–5.9), ul″ζ 6.5 (5.7–7.2) and three normal setae (a, b, c). Legs (Figs 17–18). Coxa I dorsally with a supracoxal seta (el), eupathidial form (Figs 15A, C). Empodium I with one dorsal spur and two pairs of ventral spurs. Empodia II–IV with one dorsal spur and three pairs of proximoventral hairs. Tarsus I with two pairs of duplex setae (Fig. 17A) and tarsus II with one pair of duplex setae; tarsus III and IV each with one solenidion. Dorsal seta on tibia I, a trichobothrium, with cup shaped base and broken striae on inner integument (Fig. 17B). Aedeagus (Figs. 19–21). Dorsal margin of knob of aedeagus convex, anterior projection shorter than posterior. A thin, long ejaculatory duct connecting aedeagus to a cup-shaped seminal vesicle. Deutonymph (n =5) Dorsum (Fig.22). Length of idiosoma (v 2 – h 2) 259 (240–277); width of idiosoma (c 3 – c 3) 204 (198–214). Prodorsal striae longitudinal and without lobes, posteriorly flanked by a narrow strip of transverse lobed striae or smooth striae; Hysterosoma with transverse striae between c 1 – e 1, arched between f 1 – f 1 following by transverse striae. Hysterosomal striae smooth except for lobed striae between c 1 – c 1. Length of setae: v 2 54 (50–57), sc 1 98 (96–100), sc 2 69 (66–73), c 1 81 (66–92), c 2 82 (75–86), c 3 57 (69–81), d 1 84 (81–87), d 2 88 (85–89), e 1 83 (79–87), e 2 81 (79–83), f 1 70 (64–74), f 2 57 (55–59), h 2 29 (28–30), h 3 25 (24–27). Distances between setal bases: v 2 – v 2 56 (54–58), sc 1 – sc 1 67 (65–69), sc 2 – sc 2 159 (152–164), c 1 – c 1 61 (58–62), c 2 – c 2 118 (114–122), c 3 – c 3 204 (198–214), d 1 – d 1 68 (65–73), d 2 – d 2 142 (137–148), e 1 – e 1 40 (38–43), e 2 – e 2 110 (104–121), f 1 – f 1 32 (29–35), f 2 – f 2 64 (61–69). Venter (Fig. 23). Most ventral striae transverse except for pregenital region with longitudinal entire striae. Ventral setae: 1a 34 (34–35), 3a 38 (37–39), 4a 45 (38–52), ag 54 (53–56), g 1 25 (23–29), ps 1 14 (13–15), ps 2 14 (13–15). Distances between setal bases: 1a–1a 23 (21–26), 3a–3a 52 (47–55), 4a–4a 52 (50–55), ag–ag 46 (46– 47). Gnathosoma (Figs. 24C, D). Subcapitular setae m length 36 (33–39) slightly shorter than distance m -m 39 (35–43). Spinneret (suζ) 5.8 (5.5–6.1) in length and 2.2 (2–2.4) in diameter; single solenidion 4.4 (4–4.8) in length and 1.5 (1.4–1.5) in diameter, and two eupathidia ul′ζ 5.7 (5.2–6.1), ul″ζ 6.5 (6.4–6.5). Legs (Fig. 25). Coxa I dorsally with a supracoxal seta (el), eupathidial form. Claws of I–IV pad-like, each with a dorsal spur and a pair of tenet hairs. Empodia I–IV each with a small dorsal spur and three pairs of proximoventral hairs. Tarsus I with two pairs of duplex setae; tarsus II with one pair of duplex setae; tarsus III with a solenidion and tarsus IV without solenidion. Protonymph (n=2) Dorsum (Fig. 26). Length of idiosoma (v 2 – h 2) 184 (183–184); width of idiosoma (c 3 – c 3) 170 (165–174). Prodorsal striae longitudinal and without lobes, posteriorly flanked by a narrow strip of transverse striae. Hysterosoma with transverse striae. Length of setae: v 2 51 (49–53), sc 1 81 (80–82), sc 2 58 (57–58), c 1 70 (68–71), c 2 63 (61–65), c 3 60 (57–62), d 1 62 (57–66), d 2 67 (65–69), e 1 59 (58–59), e 2 65 (61–69), f 1 56 (55–56), f 2 47 (44–49), h 2 22 (20–24), h 3 22 (21–22). Distances between setal bases: v 2 – v 2 51 (50–52), sc 1 – sc 1 63 (62–64), sc 2 – sc 2 126 (115–137), c 1 – c 1 58 (57–59), c 2 – c 2 110 (109–111), c 3 – c 3 170 (165–174), d 1 – d 1 60 (58–62), d 2 – d 2 123 (118–128), e 1 – e 1 35 (34–35), e 2 – e 2 84 (82–85), f 1 – f 1 20 (18–21), f 2 – f 2 42 (41–42). Venter (Fig. 27). Venter with transverse striae except for pregenital region with longitudinal entire striae. Ventral setae: 1a 30 (29–30), 3a 35 (32–38), ps 1 12 (11–12), ps 2 13 (12–13). Distances between setal bases: 1a–1a 27 (26–28), 3a–3a 48 (47–49). Gnathosoma (Figs. 28, 29). Subcapitular setae m length 30 (29–31) subequal to distance m -m 32 (31–33). Spinneret (suζ) 4.6 (4.5–4.6) in length and 1.9 (1.8–2.0) in diameter; single solenidion 3.9 (3.8–4.0) in length and 1.3 (1.2–1.3) in diameter, and two eupathidia ul′ζ, 4.5 (4.4–4.6), ul″ζ 5.7 (5.6–5.7). Legs (Fig. 30). Claws of I–IV pad like, each with a dorsal spur and a pair of tenet hairs. Empodia I–IV each with a small dorsal spur and three pairs of proximoventral hairs. Tarsus I with two pairs of duplex setae; tarsus II with on pair of duplex setae; tarsus III and IV without solenidion. Larva (n = 5) Dorsum (Figs 31, 32A, B). Length of idiosoma (v 2 – h 2) 140 (127–157); width of idiosoma (c 3 – c 3) 147 (133–157). Doral striae and shape of dorsal setae similar to that of protonymph. Length of setae: v 2 46 (38–55), sc 1 68 (67–68), sc 2 56 (45–70), c 1 51 (50–53), c 2 48 (47–49), c 3 47 (45–51), d 1 48 (47–51), d 2 48 (47–49), e 1 45 (41–47), e 2 45 (43–48), f 1 41 (41–41), f 2 35 (33–38), h 2 22 (18–24), h 3 22 (21–25). Distances between setal bases: v 2 – v 2 41 (37–44), sc 1 – sc 1 56 (53–61), sc 2 – sc 2 99 (89–108), c 1 – c 1 45 (43–50), c 2 – c 2 87 (77–93), c 3 – c 3 147 (133–157), d 1 – d 1 42 (39–46), d 2 – d 2 95 (84–102), e 1 – e 1 24 (28–31), e 2 – e 2 67 (57–75), f 1 – f 1 12 (10–13), f 2 – f 2 37(33–41). Venter (Fig. 32C). Ventral striae entirely transverse. Ventral setae: 1a 30 (28–32), 3a 26 (26–27), ps 1 12 (12–13), ps 2 12 (12–13). Distances between setal bases: 1a–1a 26 (26–27), 3a–3a 34 (31–36). Gnathosoma (Figs. 33B, C). Spinneret (suζ) 5.4 (4.9–5.8) in length and 1.4 (1.4–1.4) in diameter; single solenidion 3.9 (3.7–4.2) in length and 1.2 (1.1–1.3) in diameter, and two eupathidia ul′ζ 4.2 (3.9–4.5), ul″ζ acuminate, 5.0 (4.6–5.7). Legs (Fig. 34). Claws of I–IV pad-like, each with a dorsal spur and a pair of tenet hairs. Empodia I–IV each with a small dorsal spur and three pairs of proximoventral hairs. Tarsus I and II each with one pair of duplex setae; tarsus III and IV without solenidion. Ontogenetic development of leg setae Larva. Setae counts: femora, 3-3-2; genua, 4-4-2; tibiae, 5(1 ω)-5-5; tarsi, 6(1 ω)(2 ζ)-6(1 ω)(2 ζ)-6. Trochanters I–III nude, without seta. Femora I–II with three setae (d, v′, bv″), one dorsal and two ventral, respectively, and femur III with two setae (d, ev′). Genua I–II with four setae (l′, l″, v′, v″) respectively, and genu III with two setae (l′, v′). Tibiae I–III with five tactile setae (d, l′, l″, v′, v″), tibia I with solenidion (φ). Tarsus I with six tactile setae, unguinals (u′, u″), primiventrals (pv′, pv″) and fastigials (ft′, ft″), one solenidion (ω″), two eupathidial prorals (p′ζ, p″ζ). One fastigianl ft″ and solenidion (ω″) forming duplex setae. Protonymph. A total of seven setae added on leg I–III in protonymph— tc′, tc′′ and v′ 1 on tarsus I, tc′ and tc′′ on tarsus II and III. Leg IV with a total 16 tactile setae: femur with 2, genu 2, tibia 5 and tarsus 6. Setal counts: femora, 3-3-2-2; genua, 4-4-2-2; tibiae, 5(1 ω)-5-5-5; tarsi, 8(2 ω)(3 ζ)-7(1 ω)(2 ζ)-6-6. Deutonymph. A total of 20 setae and solenidia added on leg I–IV in deutonymph— v′ on trochanters I–III; l′, l″, v″ on femur I; d on genua I–IV; l′ 1, l″ 1 on tibia I; l′ 1, l″ 1, v″ 1, ω″ 1 on tarsus I; v′ 1 on tarsus II; ω′ on tarsus III; tc′, tc″ on tarsus IV. Setal counts: trochanters, 1-1-1-0, femora, 6-3-2-2; genua, 5-5-3-3; tibiae, 7(1 ω)-5-5-5; tarsi, 11(3 ω)(3 ζ)- 8(1 ω)(2 ζ)-6(1 ω)-6. Female. A total of 28 tactile setae and two solenidia added on legs I–IV— l′ 1, l″ 1, v′ 1, v″ 1 on femur I; v′ 1, v″ 1 on tibia I; v′ 2 on tarsus I; l′ 1, l″ 1, v″ 1 on femur II; v′ 1, l′ 1 on tibia II, l′ 1, v″ 1, v′ 2 and one solenidia on tarsus II; l′, Published as part of Liu, Man, Yi, Tian-Ci, Gulbronson, Connor, Bauchan, Gary R. & Ochoa, Ronald, 2020, Ontogenetic and morphological studies on Tetranychus canadensis (Acari: Tetranychidae), pp. 215-250 in Zootaxa 4857 (1) on pages 221-237, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4857.1.11, http://zenodo.org/record/4396392, {"references":["McGregor, E. A. (1950) Mites of the family Tetranychidae. American Midland Naturalist, 44, 257 - 420. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2421963","Pritchard, A. E. & Baker, E. W. (1952) A guide to the spider mites of deciduous fruit trees. Hilgardia, 21, 253 - 287. https: // doi. org / 10.3733 / hilg. v 21 n 09 p 253","Baker, E. W. & Pritchard, A. E. (1953) A Guide to the spider mites of cotton. Hilgardia, 22, 203 - 234. https: // doi. org / 10.3733 / hilg. v 22 n 07 p 203","Pritchard, A. E. & Baker, E. W. (1955) A revision of the spider mite family Tetranychidae. Memoirs Series, San Francisco, Pacific Coast Entomological Society, 2, 472 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 150852","Tuttle, D. M. & Baker, E. W. (1964) The spider mites of Arizona (Acarina: Tetranychidae). Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Arizona, Technical Bulletin, 158, 1 - 41.","Baker, E. W. & Tuttle, D. M. (1994) A guide to the spider mites (Tetranychidae) of the United States. Indira Publishing House, Michigan, USA, 347 pp.","Seeman, O. D. & Beard, J. J. (2011) Identification of exotic pest and Australian native and naturalised species of Tetranychus (Acari: Tetranychidae). Zootaxa, 2961, 1 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2961.1.1","Yi, T. - C. & Ochoa, R. (2018) Revision of Bryobiella Tuttle & Baker (Acari, Tetranychidae), with ontogenetic development and redescription of B. desertorum. Zootaxa, 4540 (1), 93 - 131. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4540.1.9"]}

Morphology of T. canadensis The rostrum of spider mites (Tetranychidae) was examined with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) by Summer et al. (1973), Jeppson et al. (1975), Hislop & Jeppson (1976) and Razaq et al. (2000). Lindquist (1985) noted the mouth of spider mites was flanked by hyaline lateral lips and three pairs of usually inconspicuous adoral setae (or 1-3) apically. The rostrum of Raoiella (Tenuipalpidae) were examined with SEM by Beard et al. (2012) who observed 3 pairs of adoral setae around the tip of the rostrum. The rostrums of Bryobia sp., Petrobia sp. and Oligonychus sp. have the same characters as T. canadensis: the tip of rostrum of all spider mites bears three pairs of adoral setae: the lateral and ventral ���lips��� are modified as leaf-like adoral setae, (or 2 and or 3), and the dorsal lips bearing a pair of spine-like adoral setae (or 1) (Fig 7B). The trichobothrium, a mechanoreceptor, has cup-like socket for setal base (Grandjean 1943). In spider mites the dorsal seta on tibia I has a trichobothridial aspect and seta d on femora I and II sometimes has a similar aspect (Lindquist 1985). In this study, we show the trichobothridial nature of these setae using SEM studies of T. canadensis. Trichobothridial seta, on tibia I, has a cup-shaped base and broken striae on the inner integument (Fig 17B), while normal seta does not has striae on the inner integument (Fig 17C). Leg setation of spider mites (Tetranychidae) provides valuable information for species diagnostics and systematics (Yi et al. 2013, 2017; Yi & Ochoa 2018; Seeman et al. 2017). In recent works on descriptions and ontogeny of spider mites, chaetotaxy data are now more commonly provided than simple setal counts (e.g. Beard & Walter, 2010; Yi & Zhang 2013, 2017; Yi et al., 2017; Li et al. 2017, 2018a, 2018b; Khanjani et al. 2017; Liu & Zhang 2018; Khanjani et al. 2018; Mahdavi et al. 2018). T. canadensis has typical larval chaetotaxy of Tetranychidae provided by Lindquist (1985) and is vastly different from several hypotrichous genera (for which ontogenetic data are available) such as Neonidulus ( Beard & Walter 2010), Tribolonychus (Yi et al. 2013), Bryobiella (Yi & Ochoa 2018) and certain species of Eotetranychus (Seeman et al. 2017). On the other hand, it is close to some other species of Eotetranychus (Yi et al. 2017, Seeman et al. 2017) and Oligonychus (Li et al. 2017, 2018; Khanjani et al. 2018), and identical to some Oligonychus (Khanjani et al. 2018)., Published as part of Liu, Man, Yi, Tian-Ci, Gulbronson, Connor, Bauchan, Gary R. & Ochoa, Ronald, 2020, Ontogenetic and morphological studies on Tetranychus canadensis (Acari: Tetranychidae), pp. 215-250 in Zootaxa 4857 (1) on pages 244-245, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4857.1.11, http://zenodo.org/record/4396392, {"references":["Summer, F. M., Gonzalez, R. H. & Witt, R. L. (1973) The mouthparts of Bryobia rubrioculus (Sch.) (Acarina: Tetranychidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington Entomological Society of Washington, 75, 96 - 111.","Jeppson, L. R., Keifer, H. H. & Baker, E. W. (1975) Mites injurious to economic plants. Berkeley, University of California Press, xxiv + 614 pp.","Hislop, R. G. & Jeppson, L. R. (1976) Morphology of the Mouthparts of Several Species of Phytophagous Mites. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 69 (6), 1125 - 1135. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 69.6.1125","Razaq, A., Ohbayashi, N. & Shiraishi, M. (2000) Scanning Electron Microscopic Observations on the Mouthparts of Panonychus citri (McGregor) (Acari: Tetranychidae) and Agistemus terminalis (Quayle) (Acari: Stigmaeidae) on Satsuma Mandarin. Applied Entomology and Zoology, 35 (1), 189 - 198. https: // doi. org / 10.1303 / aez. 2000.189","Lindquist, E. E. (1985) 1.1. 1 External anatomy. In: Helle, W. & Sabelis, M. W. (Eds.), Spider mites. Their biology, natural enemies and control. Vol. A. Amsterdam, Elsevier, pp. 3 - 28.","Beard, J. J., Ochoa, R., Bauchan, G. R., Welbourn, W. C., Pooley, C. & Dowling, A. P. G. (2012) External mouthpart morphology in the Tenuipalpidae (Tetranychoidea): Raoiella a case study. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 57 (3 - 4), 227 - 255. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10493 - 012 - 9540 - 2","Yi, T. - C. & Ochoa, R. (2018) Revision of Bryobiella Tuttle & Baker (Acari, Tetranychidae), with ontogenetic development and redescription of B. desertorum. Zootaxa, 4540 (1), 93 - 131. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4540.1.9","Seeman, O. D., Beard, J. J. & Zhang, L. (2017) A new Australian species of Eotetranychus (Acari: Tetranychidae) from buck spinifex Triodia mitchelli (Poaceae), intraspecific variation in Eotetranychus, and the synonymy of Platytetranychus with Eotetranychus. Zootaxa, 4324 (3), 491 - 517. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4324.3.5","Beard, J. J. & Walter, D. E. (2010) New spider mite genus (Prostigmata: Tetranychidae) from Australia & New Zealand, with a discussion of Yezonychus Ehara. Zootaxa, 2578, 1 - 24. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2578.1.1","Yi, T. - C. & Zhang, Z. - Q. (2013) A new species of the genus Sonotetranychus (Acari: Tetranychidae) from New Zealand. Zootaxa, 3721 (4), 334 - 350. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3721.4.2","Li, J., Jin, D. - C. & Yi, T. - C. (2017) Ontogenetic development and redescription of Oligonychus metasequoiae (Acari: Tetranychidae). Systematic and Applied Acarology, 22 (9), 1495 - 1520. https: // doi. org / 10.11158 / saa. 22.9.14","Li, J., Yi, T. - C., Guo, J. - J. & Jin, D. - C. (2018 a) Ontogenetic development and redescription of Oligonychus pratensis (Banks, 1912) (Acari: Tetranychidae). Zootaxa, 4486 (3), 349 - 375. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4486.3.7","Li, J., Yi, T. - C., Guo, J. - J. & Jin, D. - C. (2018 b) Ontogenetic development and redescription of Eotetranychus kankitus (Acariformes: Tetranychidae) Zootaxa, 4540 (1), 132 - 157. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4540.1.10","Khanjani, M., Khanjani, M. & Seeman, O. (2017) New spider mites (Acari: Tetranychidae) of the genera Paraplonobia and Eurytetranychus from Iran, and a description of all life stages of Eutetranychus orientalis (Klein). Acarologia, 57 (3), 465 - 491. https: // doi. org / 10.24349 / aarologia / 20174167.","Liu, J. - F. & Zhang, Z. - Q. (2018) A survey of descriptions of immature instars of mites during the last three years. Zootaxa, 4540 (1), 211 - 224. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4540.1.13","Khanjani, M., Khanjani, M. & Seeman, O. D. (2018) The spider mites of the genus Oligonychus Berlese (Acari: Tetranychidae) from Iran. Systematic and Applied Acarology, 23 (2), 223 - 288. https: // doi. org / 10.11158 / saa. 23.2.4","Mahdavi, S. M., Latifi, M. & Asadi, M. (2018) A new species of Petrobia (Mesotetranychus) (Acari: Tetranychidae) from Ephedra sp. (Ephedraceae) in Iran. Systematic & Applied Acarology, 23 (6), 1148 - 1154. https: // doi. org / 10.11158 / saa. 23.6.10"]}

Liu, Man, Yi, Tian-Ci, Gulbronson, Connor, Bauchan, Gary R., Ochoa, Ronald (2020): Ontogenetic and morphological studies on Tetranychus canadensis (Acari: Tetranychidae). Zootaxa 4857 (1): 215-250, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4857.1.11

An unusual sub-cambium flat mite, Phytoptipalpus occultuae sp. n., first found under the bark in blisters on stems of Senegalia caffra in Pretoria, South Africa is described and illustrated herein. This is a unique species in the genus Phytoptipalpus because of the presence of reduced legs IV, a possible link between those with 4 pairs and 3 pairs of legs. A key to all of the Phytoptipalpus species is given., Acarologia, 59, 507-530

Tenuipalpu s protium sp. nov. Castro, Feres & Ochoa (Figs 1���14) Diagnosis. Female: Prodorsal setae v2 minute; sc1 short, obovate; sc2 elongate, lanceolate-falcate; dorsal opisthosoma with 10 pairs of setae (f2 present); most of the dorsal opisthosomal setae obovate (c3, h1) to elongate oblanceolate (c1, e3, f2, f3), except setae d1, d3 and e1 short to minute and thick, and h2 elongate, filiform; prodorsum with a pair of oblique carinae converging posteriorly from setae sc1 to a short central semicircular carina just anterior to shield margin and sejugal furrow. Opisthosoma with a transverse cuticular crest between setae c1���c1 and d1���d1 and a longitudinal crest between setae e1���e1; palp two segmented; two pairs of ps setae; one pair of 3a and 4a setae. Male: unknown. Immatures: deutonymphs and protonymphs with lateral body projection anterior and adjacent to setae sc2 present (lateral body projection associated with setae c3 absent); dorsal setae similar to those of the female, except sc1 and c1 smaller, and setae d1, d3, e1 finer. Larvae with colliculate cuticle on central prodorsum, dorsal opisthosoma posterior to setae d3 and e1, and over legs. Female (n = 10) (Figs 1���10). Body size measurements: distance between setae v2 ���h1 255 (240���255), sc2���sc2 175 (170���175); other measurements: v2���v2 35 (35���40), sc1���sc1 95 (90���95), c1���c1 50 (42���50), c3���c3 215 (205��� 215), d1���d1 42 (40���45), d3���d3 165 (160���165), e1��� e1 37 (32���37), e3���e3 130 (120���130), f2���f2 115 (100���115), f3���f3 93 (82���93), h1���h1 50 (45���50), h2���h2 67 (62���67). Dorsum (Figs 1���4). Anterior margin of prodorsal shield with two pairs of median lobes, central pair forming a forked projection with a deep notch, and lateral pair forming two shallow notches (see also Fig. 8b). Prodorsal margin with one pair of small rounded lateral projections anterior and adjacent to setae sc2; and anterolateral margin of dorsal opisthosoma with a pair of pointed conical (Fig. 4) projections posterior and adjacent to setae c3. Prodorsum with a pair of oblique carinae converging posteriorly from setae sc1 to short central semicircular carina just anterior to shield margin and sejugal furrow. Opisthosoma with one transverse semicircular cuticular crest between setae c1���c1 and d1���d1 and one longitudinal crest between setae e1���e1. Prodorsal setae v2 minute, sc1 short, obovate; sc2 elongate, lanceolate-falcate; opisthosomal setae c3, h1 obovate, setae c1, e3, f2 and f3 elongate, oblanceolate; setae d1, d3 and e1 short to minute, and h2 elongate, filiform. Setal measurements: v2 6 (5���6), sc1 11 (10���11), sc2 74 (72���80), c1 56 (47���59), c3 44 (36���50), d1 10 (8���10), d3 6 (6���7), e1 10 (6���10), e3 57 (57���67), f2 57 (57-63), f3 52 (50���52), h1 35 (33���36), h2 140 (120���145). Venter (Figs 5, 6). Ventral integument with fine striae centrally and densely colliculate cuticle laterally (Fig. 6a); ventral and genital plates not thickened but membranous genital flap is present (Fig. 6b) that appears to form part of a large membranous plate bearing setae ag, g1, g2, which is clearly delimited laterally by the (longitudinal) folded cuticle of the ovipore; entire membranous flap with fine transverse striae; membranous anal valves with fine longitudinal striae; setae 1a, 4a filiform; coxal setae 1c, 2c, 3b and 4b and trochanter setae barbed; coxal setae 4b inserted much closer to 4a than 3b to 3a. Setal measurements: 1a 80 (65���85), 1b 9 (8���10), 1c 21 (21���24), 2b 25 (18���25), 2c 30 (30���31), 3a 13 (9���13), 3b 35 (28���35), 4a 100 (70���105), 4b 25 (25���29), ag 10 (8���10), g1 13 (11���13), g2 15 (12���16), ps2 10 (9���10), ps3 13 (10���13). Gnathosoma (Figs 7, 8). Palps two segmented, first (basal) segment short; second (distal) segment elongate and bearing one long, barbed seta d 10 (10���11) (Figs 7, 8) and two eupathidia, ul ��� 4 (4���5), ul ������ 1 (1���2). Ventral infracapitulum setae m 13 (11���13), barbed (Figs 7, 8a); distance between setae m���m 19 (19���20). Legs (Fig. 9). Setation (from coxae to tarsi): I 2���1 ���4���3���5���8(1), II 2���1 ���4���3���5���8(1), III 1���2 ���2���1���3���5, IV 1��� 1 ���1���0���3���5. Tarsi I���II each with one solenidion ����� 6 (5���6) (for both tarsi I���II) and two eupathidia p��������p����� (5���6 each); femur I with two enlarged oblanceolate setae, d and l���, and two strongly barbed ventral setae (v���, bv���); femur II with three enlarged oblanceolate setae, d, l���, bv���, and one strongly barbed ventral seta (v���); trochanter III with one enlarged oblanceolate to obovate seta, l���; and femur III with one enlarged oblanceolate seta, d. Femora and genua with setae d inserted in lateral position on tubercles. Detail of the pattern of additions in leg setae in Table 1. Microplates (Fig. 3b). Microplate layer forms a reticulate network of thick ridges covered in small single irregularly shaped wax-like crystals or masses, overlaying a base layer with a smooth even surface made of minute crystals. The ridges appear to be formed by a series of thin, parallel ridges of various lengths that are aligned to form thicker ridges. Color (Fig. 2). Body pinkish-red with dark spots laterally, eyes red, and legs orange. Dorsal body setae and leg setae white. Eggs (Fig. 10). Elongate; dorsal surface with strong, thick, longitudinal ridges the full length of the egg. The ridges have a coating of microplates forming a minute network of irregular ridges that form weak reticulation or a finely rugose texture, interspersed with large smooth regions (Fig. 10b). The eggs are red, and mostly found in association with the veins of the host plant leaves. Male: Unknown. Deutonymph (n = 3) (Figs 11, 12): Body size measurements: distance between setae v2 ���h1 270���300, sc2���sc2 150���155; other measurements: v2���v 2 27���30, sc1���sc1 75���80, c1���c1 40���43, c3���c3 190���205, d1���d 1 25���28, d3���d3 135���145, e1��� e 1 25���28, e3���e3 95���100, f2���f2 85���88, f3���f3 65���68, h1���h 1 22���25, h2���h2 40���45. Dorsum. Anterior margin of prodorsum with single pair of short central lobes, forming short notch; pair of lateral body projections anterior and adjacent to setae sc2 present. Central prodorsal region smooth to setae c1, with appearance of a subrectangular shield (Fig. 12); region between setae sc2���c3 and c1���d1 forming a broad band of oblique to transverse striations across the body; dorsal opisthosoma posterior to setae d1���c3 smooth, with appearance of a pygidial shield (Fig. 12). Dorsal setae similar to that of female, except sc1 slightly smaller and c1 much smaller than female. Setal measurements: v2 2���3, sc1 4���5, sc2 68���73, c 1 11���13, c 3 25���29, d1 4, d3 3���4, e1 3 ���4, e3 36 ���40, f 2 30���35, f3 32���33, h 1 20���23, h2 65���80. Gnathosoma. Palps similar to those of female. Setae d on second segment 7���8 long and eupathidia ul ��� 4���5, ul ������ 1���2. Ventral infracapitulum setae m 6���8; distance between setae m���m 12���16. Venter. Cuticle covered with fine and mostly transverse striae. Coxal, genital and anal setae fine; setae 1a, 4a elongate, filiform. Setal lengths: 1a 80���90, 1b 6���7, 1c 11���13, 2b 10���14, 2c 14���16, 3a 6���9, 3b 13���16, 4a 45���70, 4b 7���11, ag 4���7, g1 5, ps2 5���8, ps3 5���7. Setae g2 absent. Legs (Fig. 11). Setation (from coxae to tarsi): I 2���1 ���4���3���5���8(1), II 2���1 ���4���3���5���8(1), III 1���2 ���2���1���3���5, IV 1 ���0���1���0���3���3. Leg chaetotaxy similar to that of female, except trochanter IV nude and tectal pair of setae tc absent on tarsus IV; tarsi I���II each with one solenidion ����� 4���5 (for both tarsi I���II) and two eupathidia p��������p����� (5���6, 5���6; 5, 5 respectively). Detail of the pattern of additions of leg setae in Table 1. Protonymph (n = 3) (Fig. 13): Body size measurements: distance between setae v2 ���h1 205���225, sc2���sc2 120���130; other measurements: v2���v 2 25���30, sc1���sc1 60���65, c1���c1 35���38, c3���c3 145���160, d1���d 1 20���23, d3���d3 105���115, e1��� e 1 17���20, e3���e3 77���83, f2���f2 67���73, f3���f3 55���58, h1���h 1 17���20, h2���h2 35���40. Dorsum. Anterior margin of prodorsum with single pair of short central lobes, forming a short notch; marginal body projections anterior and adjacent to setae sc2 present. Central prodorsum smooth to setae c1, with appearance of a weakly formed shield; region between setae sc2���c3 and c1���d1 forming a broad band of oblique to transverse striations across the body; dorsal opisthosoma posterior to setae d1���c3 smooth, with appearance of a weakly formed pygidial shield; dorsal setae similar to that of female, except sc1 slightly smaller, c1 much smaller than female, and c3 lanceolate not obovate. Setal measurements: v2 2, sc1 3���4, sc2 53���56, c1 4���5, c 3 21���26, d1 2���3, d3 3���4, e1 2 ���3, e 3 25 ���30, f 2 23���25, f 3 21���24, h 1 14���15, h2 50���70. Gnathosoma. Palps similar to those of female. Setae d on second segment 7���8 and eupathidia ul ��� 2���3, ul ������ 1���2. Ventral infracapitulum setae m 6; distance between setae m���m 13. Venter. Cuticle covered with fine and mostly transverse striae. Coxal, genital and anal setae fine. Setal measurements: 1a 45���75, 1b 5���6, 1c 7���10, 2c 11���12, 3a 6���7, 3b 8���10, ag 5���6, ps2 4���5, ps3 4���5. Setae 2b, 4a, 4b, g1 and g2 absent. Legs (Fig. 13). Setation (from coxae to tarsi): I 2 ���0���3���1���5���6(1), II 1 ���0���3���1���5���6(1), III 1 ���0���2���0���3���3, IV 0���0���1���0���3���3. Tarsi I���II each with one solenidion ����� 3���4 (for both tarsi I���II) and two eupathidia p��������p����� (5, 5; 4���5, 4���5 respectively). Detail of the pattern of additions of leg setae in Table 1. Larva (n = 3) (Fig. 14): Body size measurements: distance between setae v2 ���h1 170���180, sc2���sc2 100���105; other measurements: v2���v 2 15���18, sc1���sc1 52���53, c1���c 1 27���33, c3���c3 120���125, d1���d 1 15���18, d3���d3 82���85, e1��� e 1 10���13, e3���e3 72���75, f2���f2 62���65, f3���f3 47���50, h1���h 1 12���13, h2���h 2 27���30. Dorsum. Anterior margin of prodorsum smoothly rounded without lobes or projections. Prodorsal region with colliculate integument anteromedially, and with region of smooth integument just anterior to c1���c1; region between setae sc2���c3 and c1���d1 with broad band of oblique and transverse striations; integument d1���e1 smooth; integument posterior to setae e1���c3 colliculate. Setae sc1 and c1 minute, c3 lanceolate; other dorsal setae similar to those of female, except smaller. Setal measurements: v2 2���3, sc1 2���3, sc2 41���45, c1 2���3, c 3 18���20, d1 2���3, d3 2, e1 2, e 3 22 ���24, f 2 21���23, f 3 19���20, h 1 12���14, h2 45���65. Gnathosoma. Palps similar to those of female. Seta d on second segment 6���7 long and eupathidia ul ��� 3���2, ul ������ 1. Ventral setae m absent. Venter. Cuticle covered with fine and mostly transverse striae. Coxal, genital and anal setae fine. Setal measurements: 1a 50���65, 1b 5���7, 3a 5���6, ps1 4, ps2 4���5. Setae 1c, 2b, 2c, 3b, 4a, 4b, ag, g1 and g2 absent. Legs (Fig. 14). Setation (from coxae to tarsi): I 2 ���0���3���1���5���6(1), II 0���0���3���1���5���6(1), III 0���0���2���0���3���3. Tarsi I���II each with one solenidion ����� 3���4 (for both tarsi I and II) and two eupathidia p��������p����� (4���5, 4���5; 4���5, 4���5 respectively). Cuticle of all legs colliculate. Detail of the pattern of additions of leg setae in Table 1. Type material. Holotype: adult female collected on Protium heptaphyllum (Burseraceae), from S���o Roque de Minas, Minas Gerais, Brazil, (20��10���S, 46��26���W), 9 September 2016, coll. E.B. Castro (DZSJRP). Paratypes: nine females, three deutonymphs, three protonymphs and three larvae, same data as the holotype (DZSJRP, NMNH). Etymology. The specific name protium refers to the genus of the host plant, Protium heptaphyllum (Burseraceae). Differential diagnosis. This new species resembles Tenuipalpus kitajimai sp. nov. (herein described) as they both have cuticular crests on the opisthosoma (one transverse, one longitudinal), but differs from T. kitajimai sp. nov. in that the transverse crest between setae c1���c1 and d1���d1 is narrower, being as wide as distance c1���c1 (Fig. 4a) (transverse crest is slightly wider than distance c1���c 1 in T. kitajimai sp. nov. (Fig. 18)); setae c1 elongate oblanceolate (47���59 long) in T. protium sp. nov. versus obovate (38���42 long) in T. kitajimai sp. nov.; setae h2 longer in all stages of T. protium; the pattern of microplates is also different between these two species as seen in Figures 3b and 17b. Tenuipalpus protium also resembles the type species for the genus, T. caudatus (Dug��s), but differs in the shape and size of the opisthosomal setae d1, which are minute to short (8���10 long) in protium and narrowly obovate to oblanceolate (52���57 long) in caudatus., Published as part of Castro, Elizeu B., Beard, Jennifer J., Ochoa, Ronald, Bauchan, Gary R. & Feres, Reinaldo J. F., 2018, Two new species of Tenuipalpus sensu stricto (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) from Brazil with a discussion on the ontogeny of leg setae, pp. 178-210 in Zootaxa 4540 (1) on pages 179-194, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4540.1.12, http://zenodo.org/record/2616130

Tenuipalpu s kitajimai sp. nov. Castro, Feres & Ochoa (Figs 15���27) Diagnosis. Female: Prodorsal setae v2 and sc1 minute to short; sc2 elongate, lanceolate-falcate; dorsal opisthosoma with 10 pairs of setae (f2 present); most of the dorsal opisthosomal setae obovate (c1, c3, h1) to oblanceolate (e3, f2, f3), except setae d1, d3, e1 short to minute, thick, and h2 elongate, filiform; prodorsum with a pair of carinae converging posteriorly from setae sc1 to short central semicircular carina just anterior to shield margin and sejugal furrow; opisthosoma bearing a prominent transverse semicircular crest between setae c1���c1 and d1���d1 and one longitudinal crest between setae e1���e1; palp two segmented; two pairs of ps setae; one pair of 3a and 4a setae. Male: unknown. Immatures: deutonymphs and protonymphs bearing one pair median projections on anterior margin of prodorsum; with lateral body projections anterior and adjacent to setae sc2 present (lateral body projection posterior and adjacent setae c3 absent); dorsal setae similar to those of the female, except shorter. Larvae with colliculate cuticle on central prodorsum, dorsal opisthosoma posterior to setae d3 and e1, and over legs; setae v2, sc1, c1, d1, d3, e1 short to minute, other dorsal setae similar to those of female except smaller. Dorsum (Figs 15 ���18). Anterior margin of prodorsal shield with two pairs of median lobes, central pair forming a forked projection with deep notch, lateral lobes forming two shallow notches. Prodorsum with one pair of rounded lateral projections anterior and adjacent to setae sc2; and anterior lateral margin of opisthosoma with a pair of rounded conical projections posterior and adjacent to setae c3; a pair of carinae converging posteriorly from setae sc1 to short central semicircular carina just anterior to shield margin and sejugal furrow (Fig. 16a). Opisthosoma with a prominent transverse semicircular cuticular crest between setae c1���c1 and d1���d1 and a longitudinal crest between setae e1���e1 (Figs 16b, 17a, 18). Prodorsal setae v2 and sc1 minute to short and weakly barbed; sc2 elongate, lanceolate-falcate; most dorsal opisthosomal setae obovate (c1, c3, h1) to oblanceolate (e3, f2, f3), except d1, d3, e1 short to minute, thick, and h2 elongate filiform. Setal measurements: v2 5 (5���6), sc1 9 (7���9), sc2 70 (65���70), c1 38 (36���42), c3 36 (36���42), d1 6 (5���7), d3 7 (5���7), e1 7 (5���7), e3 55 (52���55), f2 45 (45���50), f3 45 (45���50), h1 31 (30���31), h2 100 (85���100). Venter (Figs 19, 20). Ventral integument with fine transverse striae centrally and densely colliculate laterally; ventral and genital plates not thickened but membranous genital flap is present (Figs 19, 20) that appears to form part of a large membranous genito-ventral plate bearing setae ag, g1, g2 and clearly delimited laterally by the (longitudinal) folded cuticle of the ovipore (Fig. 20), entire membranous plate with fine transverse striae; membranous anal valves with fine longitudinal striae; setae 1a, 4a filiform; coxal setae 1c, 2c, 3b, 4b and trochanter setae barbed; coxal setae 4b inserted much closer to 4a than 3b to 3a. Setal measurements: 1a 80 (75���80), 1b 10 (8���10), 1c 23 (21���23), 2b 17 (15���17), 2c 30 (27���30), 3a 8 (7���9), 3b 32 (28���31), 4a 60 (60���70), 4b 23 (20���25), ag1 12 (10���13), g1 22 (17���23), g2 16 (13���16), ps2 11 (7���11), ps3 12 (10���13). Gnathosoma (Figs 21, 22). Palps two segmented, first (basal) segment short; second (distal) segment elongate and bearing one long, barbed seta d 11 (10���12) and two eupathidia, ul ��� 4 (3���4), ul ������ 2 (1���2). Ventral infracapitulum setae m 13 (10���13); distance between setae m���m 19 (17���19). Dorsum. Anterior margin of prodorsum with single pair of short central lobes, forming short notch; pair of rounded lateral body projections anterior and adjacent to setae sc2 present. Prodorsal region smooth to setae c1, with appearance of a shield (Fig. 25); region between setae sc2���c3 and c1���d1 with broad band of oblique to transverse striations; dorsal opisthosoma posterior to setae d1���c3 smooth, with appearance of distinct pygidial shield (Fig. 25). Dorsal setae similar to that of female, except smaller, and setae c1, c3 much smaller. Setal measurements: v2 2���3, sc1 3���4, sc2 63���70, c 1 13���19, c 3 20���22, d1 3���5, d3 3���4, e1 3 ���4, e 3 28 ���30, f 2 26���29, f 3 22���28, h 1 17���20, h2 45���50. Gnathosoma. Palps similar to those of female. Setae d on second (distal) segment 7���8 long and eupathidia ul ��� 3, ul ������ 1. Ventral infracapitulum setae m 8���9; distance between setae m���m 15. Venter. Cuticle covered with fine, mostly transverse striae. Coxal, genital and anal setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 75���85, 1b 5���6, 1c 9���10, 2b 12���15, 2c 15���17, 3a 5���7, 3b 8���10, 4a 40���50, 4b 8���10, ag 6���7, g1 4���5, ps2 5���6, ps3 4���5. Setae g2 absent. Legs (Fig. 24). Setation (from coxae to tarsi): I 2���1 ���4���3���5���8(1), II 2���1 ���4���3���5���8(1), III 1���2 ���2���1���3���5, IV 1 ��� 0���1���0���3���3. Leg chaetotaxy similar to that of female, except trochanter IV nude; tarsi I���II each with one solenidion ����� 3���4 (for both tarsi I���II) and two eupathidia p��������p����� (5, 5; 4���5, 5 respectively). Detail of the pattern of additions of leg setae in Table 1. Protonymph (n = 3) (Fig. 26): Body size measurements: distance between setae v2 ���h1 205���210, sc2���sc2 115���125; other measurements: v2���v 2 20���25, sc1���sc1 60���65, c1���c 1 27���30, c3���c3 140���150, d1���d 1 20���25, d3���d3 98���105, e1��� e 1 15���18, e3���e3 75���78, f2���f2 65���70, f3���f3 50���55, h1���h 1 17���20, h2���h2 32���35. Dorsum. Anterior margin of prodorsum with single pair of short central lobes forming a short notch; rounded lateral body projections anterior and adjacent to setae sc2 present. Prodorsal region smooth to setae c1; region between setae sc2���c3 with few transverse striations; dorsum posterior to setae d1���c3 smooth; dorsal setae similar to that of female, except much smaller. Setal measurements: v2 2���3, sc1 3, sc2 46���54, c 1 5���10, c 3 15���21, d1 2���3, d3 3, e1 2 ���3, e 3 22 ���24, f 2 18���22, f 3 17���22, h 1 13���16, h2 32���35. Gnathosoma. Palps similar to those of female. Setae d on second (distal) segment 6���7 and eupathidia ul ��� 2���3, ul ������ 1. Ventral infracapitulum setae m 6���7; distance between setae m���m 12���13. Venter. Cuticle covered with fine and mostly transverse striae. Coxal, genital and anal setae fine. Setal measurements: 1a 55���80, 1b 5���7, 1c 6���7, 2c 8���11, 3a 5���7, 3b 8���10, ag 4���6, ps2 3���4, ps3 4���5. Setae 2b, 4a, 4b, g1 and g2 absent. Legs (Fig. 26). Setation (from coxae to tarsi): I 2 ���0���3���1���5���6(1), II 1 ���0���3���1���5���6(1), III 1 ���0���2���0���3���3, IV 0���0���1���0���3���3. Tarsi I���II each with one solenidion ����� (4 for tarsi I and 4���5 for tarsi II) and two eupathidia p��������p����� (4���5, 5; 4, 4���5 respectively). Detail of the pattern of additions of leg setae in Table 1. Larva (n = 1) (Fig. 27): Body size measurements: distance between setae v2 ���h1 170, sc2���sc2 98; other measurements: v2���v2 13, sc1���sc1 53, c1���c1 25, c3���c3 115, d1���d1 18, d3���d3 78, e1��� e1 13, e3���e3 73, f2���f2 63, f3���f3 48, h1���h1 13, h2���h2 30. Dorsum. Anterior margin of prodorsum smoothly rounded without lobes or projections. Prodorsal region with colliculate integument anteromedially, with region of smooth integument just anterior to setae c1; region between setae sc2���c3 with broad band of oblique and transverse striations; dorsum between d1���d1 and e1���e1 smooth; dorsum posterior to setae e1���d3 with colliculate integument. Setae v2, sc1, c1, d1, d3, e1 minute; other dorsal setae similar to those of female except much smaller. Setal measurements: v2 1, sc1 2, sc2 30, c1 2, c3 17, d1 3, d3 2, e1 2, e3 20, f2 18, f3 18, h1 11, h2 35. Gnathosoma. Palps similar to those of female. Seta d on second (distal) segment 5 long and eupathidia ul ��� 2, ul ������ 1. Setae m absent. Venter. Cuticle covered with fine and mostly transverse striae. Coxal, genital and anal setae fine. Setal measurements: 1a 35, 1b 6, 3a 6, ps2 3, ps3 4. Setae 1c, 2b, 2c, 3b, 4a, 4b, ag, g1 and g2 absent. Legs (Fig. 27). Setation (from coxae to tarsi): I 2 ���0���3���1���5���6(1), II 0���0���3���1���5���6(1), III 0���0���2���0���3���3. Tarsi I���II each with one solenidion ����� (3 for tarsi I and 4 for tarsi II) and two eupathidia p��������p����� (5, 5; 4, 4 respectively). Cuticle of all legs covered with colliculate sculpturing. Detail of the pattern of additions of leg setae in Table 1. Type material. Holotype: adult female collected on an unidentified plant of the family Sapindaceae, from Cotrigua��u, Mato Grosso, Brazil, (9��51���S, 58��25���W), 16 October 2014, coll. J.M. Rezende (DZSJRP). Paratypes: nine females, three deutonymphs, three protonymphs and one larva, same data as the holotype (DZSJRP, NMNH). Etymology. This species is named in honor of Dr Elliot W. Kitajima, of the University of S���o Paulo, ESALQ- USP, Piracicaba, SP, for his dedication to the study of mites in the family Tenuipalpidae, including their plant and disease associations. Differential diagnosis. This new species resembles T. protium sp. nov. (herein described) as explained above in the Differential diagnosis for that species. It also resembles T. caudatus and T. erbei Kane, Castro & Ochoa by sharing the presence of prominent dorsal crests on the opisthosoma (transverse between setae c1���c1 and d1���d1, and longitudinal between setae e1���e1) but differs from these two species by having a smaller, less developed, posterior crest between setae e1���e1. In addition, T. kitajimai differs from T. caudatus in the shape and size of the opisthosomal setae d1, which are minute to short (5���7) in kitajimai versus narrowly obovate to oblanceolate (52���57 long) in caudatus, and most dorsal setae are obovate to oblanceolate in kitajimai versus narrowly lanceolate in erbei. Ontogeny. The ontogenetic changes in the idiosomal and leg setae are the same for both new species (Table 1). The pattern of additions is also similar to that described for T. spinosaurus Castro, Feres & Ochoa, another species of T. sensu stricto group (Castro et al. 2016b). Coxal setae 1c, 2c and 3b are added in the protonymph and 2b and 4b are added in the deutonymph. The coxal setae 4b are inserted in an unusual position, appearing to be mesal to coxal region IV, and close to setae 4a. This character state is also found in T. spinosaurus and T. boyani De Leon. Seta v��� on trochanters I, II and III is expressed in the deutonymph and v��� is added to trochanters IV in the adult (only female known); seta l��� on trochanter III appears in the deutonymph (although it more commonly appears in protonymph (Lindquist 1985)). This same pattern of expression was observed for T. spinosaurus (Castro et al. 2016b). Seta l��� is added to femora I and II in deutonymph. Setae l��� is present on genua I and II of the larvae and setae d and l��� are added to genua I and II of the deutonymph. As is common in the family, setae l��� are added to genu III in the deutonymph (Lindquist 1985); while genua IV remain nude. This pattern of expression is also found in the T. sensu lato group (Castro et al. 2015b), while in other species of the lato group the setae l��� and l��� are suppressed (Castro et al. 2017). The patterns of additions to the tarsi are quite varied within the family Tenuipalpidae, with variation present even within a single genus (Welbourn et al. 2017). Here, the pairs of tectal setae are added to tarsus I, II and III in the deutonymph and to tarsus IV in the adult, which is delayed one stage from the common pattern seen in the entire superfamily Tetranychoidea. This pattern of delayed additions is also seen in closely related taxa such as T. sarcophilus Welbourn & Beard; whereas other related taxa such as genera Acaricis and Prolixus share the standard superfamily pattern. The ventral chaetotaxy changes match the standard pattern for the superfamily (Lindquist, 1985), as follows: ag setae appear in protonymph; g1 and 4a in deutonymph; g2 setae are added in adult. Further information and discussion about the pattern of additions of leg and idiosomal setae in Tenuipalpus and related genera can be found in Castro et al. (2015b) and Welbourn et al. (2017)., Published as part of Castro, Elizeu B., Beard, Jennifer J., Ochoa, Ronald, Bauchan, Gary R. & Feres, Reinaldo J. F., 2018, Two new species of Tenuipalpus sensu stricto (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) from Brazil with a discussion on the ontogeny of leg setae, pp. 178-210 in Zootaxa 4540 (1) on pages 194-208, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4540.1.12, http://zenodo.org/record/2616130, {"references":["Castro, E. B., Kane, E. C., Feres, R. J. F., Ochoa, R. & Bauchan, G. R. (2016 b) Definition of Tenuipalpus sensu stricto (Acari, Tenuipalpidae), with redescription of Tenuipalpus caudatus (Duges) and description of a new species from Costa Rica. International Journal of Acarology, 42 (2), 106 - 126. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01647954.2015.1130941","Lindquist, E. E. (1985) External anatomy. In: Helle, W. & Sabelis, M. W. (Eds.), Spider mites: their biology, natural enemies and control. Vol. 1 A. Chapter 1. 1. Anatomy, Phylogeny and Systematics. Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, pp. 3 - 29.","Castro, E. B., Ramos, F. A. M., Feres, R. J. F. & Ochoa, R. (2015 b) A new species of Tenuipalpus Donnadieu (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) from Brazil, with ontogeny of chaetotaxy. Systematic and Applied Acarology, 20 (3), 339 - 356. https: // doi. org / 10.11158 / saa. 20.3.11","Castro, E. B., Ramos, F. A. M., Feres, R. J. F., Ochoa, R. & Bauchan, G. R. (2017) Redescription of Tenuipalpus heveae Baker (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) and description of a new species from rubber trees in Brazil. Acarologia, 57 (2), 421 - 458. https: // doi. org / 10.1051 / acarologia / 20174166","Welbourn, W. C., Beard, J. J., Bauchan, G. R. & Ochoa, R. (2017) Description of a new species of Tenuipalpus (Acari: Trombidiformes) from succulent plants in Florida, USA, and a redescription of T. crassulus Baker and Tuttle. International Journal of Acarology, 43 (2), 112 - 136. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01647954.2016.1255253"]}

Tenuipalpus sensu stricto group Diagnosis (Based on Castro et al. 2016a). Female: Prodorsum semi-circular, wider than opisthosoma at sejugal furrow; anterior margin of shield with two median paired projections; with a pair of small lateral rounded projections anterior and adjacent to setae sc2; with a pair of weakly to strongly developed oblique carinae from setae sc1 to posterior margin of shield, carinae converging at posterior margin or with short central semicircular carina near posterior margin; carinae essentially dividing the prodorsum into three large plates; prodorsal shield with three pairs of setae (v2, sc1, sc2). Dorsal opisthosoma with a pair of obvious lateral conical projections posterior and adjacent to setae c3; with 10 pairs of setae (c1, c3, d1, d3, e1, e3, f2, f3, h1, h2 present; except f2 absent in T. lalbaghensis Channabasavanna & Lakkundi). Dorsal lateral setae sc2, c3, e3, f2, f3 and h1 variable in shape from lanceolate, oblanceolate, obovate to ovate; central setae c1, d1, e1 variable in shape from oblanceolate to minute; setae h2 elongate, filiform; semicircular cuticular crests on opisthosoma present or absent. Palp usually two���three segmented (palp one segmented in T. chiclorum De Leon). Venter with one���two pairs of setae 3a (i.e. 3a 2 present or absent) and one pair of setae 4a; membranous genital flap present, ventral and genital plates not developed; two to three pairs of pseudanal setae (commonly ps2���3 present; setae ps1 present only in T. banahawensis Corpuz-Raros, T. mahoensis Collyer and T. inophylli Gutierrez & Bolland). Femora, genua and tibiae with setae d inserted in lateral position on tubercles; tarsus I���II bearing one antiaxial solenidion; tarsus I���II with seta ft��� short, broad, barbed, penniform (like a feather); tarsi I���IV with setae ft��� filiform. Male: Opisthosoma distinctly narrower than that of female; legs and dorsal setae usually similar to those of female; tarsus I���II bearing two solenidia (one paraxial, one antiaxial); tarsus III bearing zero���one solenidia, tarsus IV without solenidia. Immatures: Protonymphs and deutonymphs usually bearing one pair median projections on anterior margin, and one pair of projections anterior and adjacent to setae sc2., Published as part of Castro, Elizeu B., Beard, Jennifer J., Ochoa, Ronald, Bauchan, Gary R. & Feres, Reinaldo J. F., 2018, Two new species of Tenuipalpus sensu stricto (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) from Brazil with a discussion on the ontogeny of leg setae, pp. 178-210 in Zootaxa 4540 (1) on page 179, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4540.1.12, http://zenodo.org/record/2616130, {"references":["Castro, E. B., Feres, R. J. F., Ochoa, R. & Bauchan, G. R. (2016 a) A new species of Tenuipalpus sensu stricto (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) from Brazil, with ontogeny and a key to the known species. Zootaxa, 4088 (3), 355 - 378. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4088.3.3"]}

Eutrombicula Ewing, 1938 Eutrombicula Ewing, 1938: 293; Loomis & Wrenn, 1984: 152; Domrow & Lester, 1985: 8; Hoffmann, 1990: 42; Stekolnikov & González-Acuña, 2015: 3. Type species: Microthrombidium alfreddugesi Oudemans, 1910, Published as part of Bassini-Silva, Ricardo, Jacinavicius, Fernado de Castro, Muñoz-Leal, Sebastián, Maturano, Ralph, Welbourn, W. Calvin, Ochoa, Ronald, Bauchan, Gary R. & Barros-Battesti, Darci M., 2018, A new species of the genus Eutrombicula Ewing, 1938 (Trombidiformes: Trombiculidae) and new records for the species Eutrombicula batatas (Linnaeus, 1758) in Brazil, pp. 976-986 in Acarologia 1938 (4) on page 978, DOI: 10.24349/acarologia/20184304, http://zenodo.org/record/5390982, {"references":["Ewing H. E. 1938. A key to the genera of chiggers with descriptions of new genera and species. J. Wash. Acad. Sci., 28: 288 - 295.","Loomis R. B., Wrenn W. J. 1984. Systematic of the pest chigger genus Eutrombicula (Acari: Trombiculidae). In: Griffiths D. A., Bowman C. E., (Eds). Acarology VI. Great Britain: Ellis Horwood Publishers. p. 152 - 159.","Domrow R., Lester L. N. 1985. Chiggers of Australia (Acari: Trombiculidae): and annotated checklist, keys and bibliograpy. Aust. J. Zool., 114: 1 - 111.","Oudemans A. C. 1910. Acarologische aanteekeningen XXXIII. Entomol. Ber. (Amsterdam), 3: 83 - 90."]}