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1. Broadband dual-comb hyperspectral imaging and adaptable spectroscopy with programmable frequency combs

Author

Giorgetta, Fabrizio R., Deschênes, Jean-Daniel, Lieber, Richard L., Coddington, Ian, Newbury, Nathan R., and Baumann, Esther

Subjects
Physics - Optics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

We explore the advantages of a free-form dual-comb spectroscopy (DCS) platform based on time-programmable frequency combs for real-time, penalty-free apodized scanning. In traditional DCS, the fundamental spectral resolution, which equals the comb repetition rate, can be excessively fine for many applications. While the fine resolution is not itself problematic, it comes with the penalty of excess acquisition time. Post-processing apodization (windowing) can be applied to tailor the resolution to the sample, but only with a deadtime penalty proportional to the degree of apodization. The excess acquisition time remains. With free-form DCS, this deadtime is avoided by programming a real-time apodization pattern that dynamically reverses the pulse periods between the dual frequency combs. In this way, one can tailor the spectrometer's resolution and update rate to different applications without penalty. We show operation of a free-form DCS system where the spectral resolution is varied from the intrinsic fine resolution of 160 MHz up to 822 GHz by applying tailored real-time apodization. Because there is no deadtime penalty, the spectral signal-to-noise ratio increases linearly with resolution by 5000x over this range, as opposed to the square root increase observed for postprocessing apodization in traditional DCS. We explore the flexibility to change resolution and update rate to perform hyperspectral imaging at slow camera frame rates, where the penalty-free apodization allows for optimal use of each frame. We obtain dual-comb hyperspectral movies at a 20 Hz spectrum update rate with broad optical spectral coverage of over 10 THz.

Published
2023

2. 10 GHz Generation with Ultra-Low Phase Noise via the Transfer Oscillator Technique

Author

Nardelli, Nicholas V., Fortier, Tara M., Pomponio, Marco, Baumann, Esther, Nelson, Craig, Schibli, Thomas R., and Hati, Archita

Subjects
Physics - Optics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

Coherent frequency division of high-stability optical sources permits the extraction of microwave signals with ultra-low phase noise, enabling their application to systems with stringent timing precision. To date, the highest performance systems have required tight phase stabilization of laboratory grade optical frequency combs to Fabry-Perot optical reference cavities for faithful optical-to-microwave frequency division. This requirement limits the technology to highly-controlled laboratory environments. Here, we employ a transfer oscillator technique, which employs digital and RF analog electronics to coherently suppress additive optical frequency comb noise. This relaxes the stabilization requirements and allows for the extraction of multiple independent microwave outputs from a single comb, while at the same time, permitting low-noise microwave generation from combs with higher noise profiles. Using this method we transferred the phase stability of two high-Finesse optical sources at 1157 nm and 1070 nm to two independent 10 GHz signals using a single frequency comb. We demonstrated absolute phase noise below -106 dBc/Hz at 1-Hz from carrier with corresponding 1 second fractional frequency instability below $2\times10^{-15}$. Finally, the latter phase noise levels were attainable for comb linewidths broadened up to 2 MHz, demonstrating the potential for out-of lab use with low SWaP lasers.

Published
2021
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5. 20 years of developments in optical frequency comb technology and applications

Author

Fortier, Tara and Baumann, Esther

Subjects
Physics - Optics, Physics - Applied Physics
Abstract

Optical frequency combs were developed nearly two decades ago to support the world's most precise atomic clocks. Acting as precision optical synthesizers, frequency combs enable the precise transfer of phase and frequency information from a high-stability reference to hundreds of thousands of tones in the optical domain. This versatility, coupled with near-continuous spectroscopic coverage from the terahertz to the extreme ultra-violet, has enabled precision measurement capabilities in both fundamental and applied contexts. This review takes a tutorial approach to illustrate how 20 years of source development and technology has facilitated the journey of optical frequency combs from the lab into the field.

Published
2019
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6. Dual-comb spectroscopy with tailored spectral broadening in Si$_3$N$_4$ nanophotonics

Author

Baumann, Esther, Hoenig, Eli V., Perez, Edgar F., Colacion, Gabriel M., Giorgetta, Fabrizio R., Cossel, Kevin C., Ycas, Gabriel, Carlson, David R., Hickstein, Daniel D., Srinivasan, Kartik, Papp, Scott B., Newbury, Nathan R., and Coddington, Ian

Subjects
Physics - Optics, Physics - Applied Physics
Abstract

Si$_3$N$_4$ waveguides, pumped at 1550 nm, can provide spectrally smooth, broadband light for gas spectroscopy in the important 2 ${\mathrm{\mu}}$m to 2.5 ${\mathrm{\mu}}$m atmospheric water window, which is only partially accessible with silica-fiber based systems. By combining Er+:fiber frequency combs and supercontinuum generation in tailored Si$_3$N$_4$ waveguides, high signal-to-noise dual-comb spectroscopy (DCS) spanning 2 ${\mathrm{\mu}}$m to 2.5 ${\mathrm{\mu}}$m is demonstrated. Acquired broadband dual-comb spectra of CO and CO$_2$ agree well with database line shape models and have a spectral-signal-to-noise as high as 48$/\sqrt{\mathrm{s}}$, showing that the high coherence between the two combs is retained in the Si$_3$N$_4$ supercontinuum generation. The DCS figure of merit is 6$\times 10^6/\sqrt{\mathrm{s}}$, equivalent to that of all-fiber DCS systems in the 1.6 ${\mathrm{\mu}}$m band. Based on these results, future DCS can combine fiber comb technology with Si$_3$N$_4$ waveguides to access new spectral windows in a robust non-laboratory platform.

Published
2018
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7. Fully self-referenced frequency comb consuming 5 Watts of electrical power

Author

Manurkar, Paritosh, Perez, Edgar F., Hickstein, Daniel D., Carlson, David R., Chiles, Jeff, Westly, Daron A., Baumann, Esther, Diddams, Scott A., Newbury, Nathan R., Srinivasan, Kartik, Papp, Scott B., and Coddington, Ian

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics - Optics
Abstract

We present a hybrid fiber/waveguide design for a 100-MHz frequency comb that is fully self-referenced and temperature controlled with less than 5 W of electrical power. Self-referencing is achieved by supercontinuum generation in a silicon nitride waveguide, which requires much lower pulse energies (~200 pJ) than with highly nonlinear fiber. These low-energy pulses are achieved with an erbium fiber oscillator/amplifier pumped by two 250-mW passively-cooled pump diodes that consume less than 5 W of electrical power. The temperature tuning of the oscillator, necessary to stabilize the repetition rate in the presence of environmental temperature changes, is achieved by resistive heating of a section of gold-palladium-coated fiber within the laser cavity. By heating only the small thermal mass of the fiber, the repetition rate is tuned over 4.2 kHz (corresponding to an effective temperature change of 4.2 {\deg}C) with a fast time constant of 0.5 s, at a low power consumption of 0.077 W/{\deg}C, compared to 2.5 W/{\deg}C in the conventional 200-MHz comb design., Comment: Updated manuscript and added journal information

Published
2018
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8. Continuous regional trace gas source attribution using a field-deployed dual frequency comb spectrometer

Author

Coburn, Sean, Alden, Caroline B., Wright, Robert, Cossel, Kevin, Baumann, Esther, Truong, Gar-Wing, Giorgetta, Fabrizio, Sweeney, Colm, Newbury, Nathan R., Prasad, Kuldeep, Coddington, Ian, and Rieker, Gregory B.

Subjects
Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics
Abstract

Identification and quantification of trace gas sources is a major challenge for understanding and regulating air quality and greenhouse gas emissions. Current approaches either provide continuous but localized monitoring, or quasi-instantaneous 'snapshot-in-time' regional monitoring. There is a need for emissions detection that provides both continuous and regional coverage, because sources and sinks can be episodic and spatially variable. We field deploy a dual frequency comb laser spectrometer for the first time, enabling an observing system that provides continuous detection of trace gas sources over multiple-square-kilometer regions. Field tests simulating methane emissions from oil and gas production demonstrate detection and quantification of a 1.6 g min^-1 source (approximate emissions from a small pneumatic valve) from a distance of 1 km, and the ability to discern two leaks among a field of many potential sources. The technology achieves the goal of detecting, quantifying, and attributing emissions sources continuously through time, over large areas, and at emissions rates ~1000x lower than current regional approaches. It therefore provides a useful tool for monitoring and mitigating undesirable sources and closes a major information gap in the atmospheric sciences., Comment: 9 pages, 4 main text figures, 2 main text tables, 5 SI figures

Published
2017

9. Comparing optical oscillators across the air to milliradians in phase and $10^{-17}$ in frequency

Author

Sinclair, Laura C., Bergeron, Hugo, Swann, William C., Baumann, Esther, Deschênes, Jean-Daniel, and Newbury, Nathan R.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics - Optics
Abstract

We demonstrate carrier-phase optical two-way time-frequency transfer (carrier-phase OTWTFT) through the two-way exchange of frequency comb pulses. Carrier-phase OTWTFT achieves frequency comparisons with a residual instability of 1.2x10$^{-17}$ at 1 second across a turbulent 4-km free space link, surpassing previous OTWTFT by 10-20x and enabling future high-precision optical clock networks. Furthermore, by exploiting the carrier-phase, this approach is able to continuously track changes in the relative optical phase of distant optical oscillators to 9 mrad (7 attoseconds) at 1-sec averaging, effectively extending optical phase coherence over a broad spatial network for applications such as correlated spectroscopy between distant atomic clocks.

Published
2017
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10. High Coherence Mid-Infrared Dual Comb Spectroscopy Spanning 2.6 to 5.2 microns

Author

Ycas, Gabriel, Giorgetta, Fabrizio R., Baumann, Esther, Coddington, Ian, Herman, Daniel, Diddams, Scott A., and Newbury, Nathan R.

Subjects
Physics - Optics
Abstract

Mid-infrared dual-comb spectroscopy has the potential to supplant conventional high-resolution Fourier transform spectroscopy in applications that require high resolution, accuracy, signal-to-noise ratio, and speed. Until now, dual-comb spectroscopy in the mid-infrared has been limited to narrow optical bandwidths or to low signal-to-noise ratios. Using a combination of digital signal processing and broadband frequency conversion in waveguides, we demonstrate a mid-infrared dual-comb spectrometer that can measure comb-tooth resolved spectra across an octave of bandwidth in the mid-infrared from 2.6-5.2 $\mu$m with sub-MHz frequency precision and accuracy and with a spectral signal-to-noise ratio as high as 6500. As a demonstration, we measure the highly structured, broadband cross-section of propane (C3H8) in the 2860-3020 cm-1 region, the complex phase/amplitude spectrum of carbonyl sulfide (COS) in the 2000 to 2100 cm-1 region, and the complex spectra of methane, acetylene, and ethane in the 2860-3400 cm-1 region.

Published
2017
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11. Accurate frequency referencing for fieldable dual-comb spectroscopy

Author

Truong, Gar-Wing, Waxman, Eleanor M., Cossel, Kevin C., Baumann, Esther, Klose, Andrew, Giorgetta, Fabrizio R., Swann, William C., Newbury, Nathan R., and Coddington, Ian

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

A fieldable dual-comb spectrometer is described based on a "bootstrapped" frequency referencing scheme in which short-term optical phase coherence between combs is attained by referencing each to a free-running diode laser, whilst high frequency resolution and long-term accuracy is derived from a stable quartz oscillator. This fieldable dual-comb spectrometer was used to measure spectra with full comb-tooth resolution spanning from 140 THz (2.14 um, 4670 cm^-1) to 184 THz (1.63 um, 6140 cm^-1) in the near infrared with a frequency sampling of 200 MHz (0.0067 cm^-1), ~ 120 kHz frequency resolution, and ~ 1 MHz frequency accuracy. High resolution spectra of water and carbon dioxide transitions at 1.77 um, 1.96 um and 2.06 um show that the molecular transmission acquired with this fieldable system did not deviate from those measured with a laboratory-based system (referenced to a maser and cavity-stabilized laser) to within 5.6x10^-4. Additionally, the fieldable system optimized for carbon dioxide quantification at 1.60 um, demonstrated a sensitivity of 2.8 ppm-km at 1 s integration time, improving to 0.10 ppm-km at 13 minutes of integration time.

Published
2016
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12. Synchronization of Distant Optical Clocks at the Femtosecond Level

Author

Deschenes, Jean-Daniel, Sinclair, Laura C., Giorgetta, Fabrizio R., Swann, William C., Baumann, Esther, Bergeron, Hugo, Cermak, Michael, Coddington, Ian, and Newbury, Nathan R.

Subjects
Physics - Optics
Abstract

The use of optical clocks/oscillators in future ultra-precise navigation, gravitational sensing, coherent arrays, and relativity experiments will require time comparison and synchronization over terrestrial or satellite free-space links. Here we demonstrate full unambiguous synchronization of two optical timescales across a free-space link. The time deviation between synchronized timescales is below 1 fs over durations from 0.1 s to 6500 s, despite atmospheric turbulence and kilometer-scale path length variations. Over several days, the time wander is 40 fs peak-to-peak. Our approach relies on the two-way reciprocity of a single-spatial-mode optical link, valid to below 225 attoseconds across a turbulent 4-km path. This femtosecond level of time-frequency transfer should enable optical networks using state-of-the-art optical clocks/oscillators., Comment: 19 pages, 9 figures

Published
2015
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13. Frequency Comb-Based Remote Sensing of Greenhouse Gases over Kilometer Air Paths

Author

Rieker, Gregory B., Giorgetta, Fabrizio R., Swann, William C., Kofler, Jon, Zolot, Alex M., Sinclair, Laura C., Baumann, Esther, Cromer, Christopher, Petron, Gabrielle, Sweeney, Colm, Tans, Pieter P., Coddington, Ian, and Newbury, Nathan R.

Subjects
Physics - Optics
Abstract

We demonstrate coherent dual frequency-comb spectroscopy for detecting variations in greenhouse gases. High signal-to-noise spectra are acquired spanning 5990 to 6260 cm^-1 (1600 to 1670 nm) covering ~700 absorption features from CO2, CH4, H2O, HDO, and 13CO2, across a 2-km open-air path. The transmission of each frequency comb tooth is resolved, leading to spectra with <1 kHz frequency accuracy, no instrument lineshape, and a 0.0033-cm^-1 point spacing. The fitted path-averaged concentrations and temperature yield dry-air mole fractions. These are compared with a point sensor under well-mixed conditions to evaluate current absorption models for real atmospheres. In heterogeneous conditions, time-resolved data demonstrate tracking of strong variations in mole fractions. A precision of <1 ppm for CO2 and <3 ppb for CH4 is achieved in 5 minutes in this initial demonstration. Future portable systems could support regional emissions monitoring and validation of the spectral databases critical to global satellite-based trace gas monitoring.

Published
2014

15. Contributors

Author

Ajtai, Tibor, primary, Alden, Caroline B., additional, Baumann, Esther, additional, Bozóki, Zoltán, additional, Burba, George, additional, Chen, Weidong, additional, Coburn, Sean C., additional, Cossel, Kevin C., additional, Emmanuel, Rivière, additional, Georges, Durry, additional, Giorgetta, Fabrizio R., additional, Hu, Shui-Ming, additional, Mélanie, Ghysels-Dubois, additional, Nadir, Amarouche, additional, Nakayama, Tomoki, additional, Sigrist, Markus W., additional, Venables, Dean S., additional, Washburn, Brian R., additional, Waxman, Eleanor M., additional, Weidmann, Damien, additional, Zhang, Weijun, additional, Zhao, Weixiong, additional, and Zondlo, Mark A., additional

Published
2021
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16. Optical two-way time and frequency transfer over free space

Author

Giorgetta, Fabrizio R., Swann, William C., Sinclair, Laura C., Baumann, Esther, Coddington, Ian, and Newbury, Nathan R.

Subjects
Physics - Optics
Abstract

The transfer of high-quality time-frequency signals between remote locations underpins a broad range of applications including precision navigation and timing, the new field of clock-based geodesy, long-baseline interferometry, coherent radar arrays, tests of general relativity and fundamental constants, and the future redefinition of the second [1-7]. However, present microwave-based time-frequency transfer [8-10] is inadequate for state-of-the-art optical clocks and oscillators [1,11-15] that have femtosecond-level timing jitter and accuracies below 1E-17; as such, commensurate optically-based transfer methods are needed. While fiber-based optical links have proven suitable [16,17], they are limited to comparisons between fixed sites connected by a specialized bidirectional fiber link. With the exception of tests of the fundamental constants, most applications instead require more flexible connections between remote and possibly portable optical clocks and oscillators. Here we demonstrate optical time-frequency transfer over free-space via a two-way exchange between coherent frequency combs, each phase-locked to the local optical clock or oscillator. We achieve femtosecond-scale timing deviation, a residual instability below 1E-18 at 1000 s and systematic offsets below 4E-19, despite frequent signal fading due to atmospheric turbulence or obstructions across the 2-km link. This free-space transfer would already enable terrestrial links to support clock-based geodesy. If combined with satellite-based free-space optical communications, it provides a path toward global-scale geodesy, high-accuracy time-frequency distribution, satellite-based relativity experiments, and "optical GPS" for precision navigation.

Published
2012
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19. Dual-comb photoacoustic spectroscopy

Author

Friedlein, Jacob T., Baumann, Esther, Briggman, Kimberly A., Colacion, Gabriel M., Giorgetta, Fabrizio R., Goldfain, Aaron M., Herman, Daniel I., Hoenig, Eli V., Hwang, Jeeseong, Newbury, Nathan R., Perez, Edgar F., Yung, Christopher S., Coddington, Ian, and Cossel, Kevin C.

Published
2020
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20. Apportionment and Inventory Optimization of Agriculture and Energy Sector Methane Emissions Using Multi‐Month Trace Gas Measurements in Northern Colorado.

Author

Mead, Griffin J., Herman, Daniel I., Giorgetta, Fabrizio R., Malarich, Nathan A., Baumann, Esther, Washburn, Brian R., Newbury, Nathan R., Coddington, Ian, and Cossel, Kevin C.

Subjects
ENERGY industries, TRACE gases, FIELD emission, GAS well drilling, METHANE
Abstract

Quantifying sector‐resolved methane fluxes in complex emissions environments is challenging yet necessary to improve emissions inventories and guide policy. Here, we separate energy and agriculture sector emissions using a dynamic linear model analysis of methane, ethane, and ammonia data measured at a Northern Colorado site from November 2021 to January 2022. By combining these sector‐apportioned observations with spatially resolved inventories and Bayesian inverse methods, energy and agriculture methane fluxes are optimized across the study's ∼850 km2 sensitivity area. Energy sector fluxes are synthesized with previous literature to evaluate trends in energy sector methane emissions. Optimized agriculture fluxes in the study area were 3.5× larger than inventory estimates; we demonstrate this discrepancy is consistent with differences in the modeled versus real‐world spatial distribution of agricultural sources. These results highlight how sector‐apportioned methane observations can yield multi‐sector inventory optimizations in complex environments. Plain Language Summary: Improving our knowledge of the locations, magnitudes, and types of methane sources is important for implementing effective emissions mitigation technologies and regulations. Methane emissions are often challenging to quantify because a wide variety of sources can emit methane, and these disparate sources are often intermingled. We demonstrate how a dynamic linear model can use multi‐month time series of two tracer gases, ethane and ammonia, to effectively separate methane emissions from the energy and agriculture sectors. Incorporating these data into a Bayesian inverse analysis refines the magnitude and distribution of methane fluxes from each sector. Our analysis reveals that methane from agriculture is several times higher than inventory estimates. While this is in part due to the spatial distribution of sources, more monitoring is needed to improve agriculture emissions factors. Energy sector emissions factors optimized in this work are consistent with other regional studies of energy sector methane emissions. A synthesis of these works demonstrates a regional decline in energy sector emissions despite a concomitant increase in oil and gas extraction; however, current emissions are similar to 2008 estimates. Key Points: A dynamic linear model apportions energy and agriculture methane emissions from multi‐month trace gas measurements in Northern ColoradoAn estimated 0.4 ± 0.2 kg CH4 are emitted per barrel of oil equivalent produced, yielding a Wattenberg Field emission rate of 15 Mg CH4/hrOptimized agriculture methane emissions are higher than inventory predictions, in part due to mislocated fluxes in the inventory [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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21. Broadband dual-comb hyperspectral imaging and adaptable spectroscopy with programmable frequency combs.

Author

Giorgetta, Fabrizio R., Deschênes, Jean-Daniel, Lieber, Richard L., Coddington, Ian, Newbury, Nathan R., and Baumann, Esther

Subjects
REAL-time programming, APODIZATION, OPTICAL frequency conversion, SIGNAL-to-noise ratio, SQUARE root, SPECTRAL imaging
Abstract

We explore the advantages of a free-form dual-comb spectroscopy (DCS) platform based on time-programmable frequency combs for real-time, penalty-free apodized scanning. In traditional DCS, the fundamental spectral point spacing, which equals the comb repetition rate, can be excessively fine for many applications. While fine point spacing is not itself problematic, it comes with the penalty of excess acquisition time. Post-processing apodization (windowing) can be applied to tailor the resolution to the sample, but only with a deadtime penalty proportional to the degree of apodization. The excess acquisition time remains. With free-form DCS, this deadtime is avoided by programming a real-time apodization pattern that dynamically reverses the pulse periods between the dual frequency combs. In this way, one can tailor the spectrometer's resolution and update rate to different applications without penalty. We show the operation of a free-form DCS system where the spectral resolution is varied from the intrinsic fine 160 MHz up to 822 GHz by applying tailored real-time apodization. Because there is no deadtime penalty, the spectral signal-to-noise ratio increases linearly with resolution by 5000× over this range, as opposed to the square root increase observed for post-processing apodization in traditional DCS. We explore the flexibility to change resolution and update rate to perform hyperspectral imaging at slow camera frame rates, where the penalty-free apodization allows for optimal use of each frame. We obtain dual-comb hyperspectral movies at a 20 Hz spectrum update rate with broad optical spectral coverage of over 10 THz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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22. Final Scientific/Technical Report: Frequency Comb-Based Remote Methane Observation Network

Author

Coburn, Sean, primary, Alden, Caroline, additional, Wright, Robert, additional, Cossel, Kevin, additional, Baumann, Esther, additional, Ghosh, Subhomoy, additional, Truong, Gar-Wing, additional, Karion, Anna, additional, Sweeney, Colm, additional, Prasad, Kuldeep, additional, Coddington, Ian, additional, Newbury, Nathan, additional, and Rieker, Greg, additional

Published
2021
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24. Combining in-situ monitoring and remote sensing to detect spatial patterns of volcanic sulphur impact on pine needles

Author

Bavarian Academic Forum, Weiser, Frank, Walentowitz, Anna, Baumann, Esther, Shatto, Christopher, Guerrero-Campos, María, Jentsch, Anke, Nogales, Manuel, Medina, Félix Manuel, Vetaas, Ole Reidar, Beierkuhnlein, Carl, Bavarian Academic Forum, Weiser, Frank, Walentowitz, Anna, Baumann, Esther, Shatto, Christopher, Guerrero-Campos, María, Jentsch, Anke, Nogales, Manuel, Medina, Félix Manuel, Vetaas, Ole Reidar, and Beierkuhnlein, Carl

Abstract

Volcanic eruptions have a strong environmental impact on surrounding forests. Trees are affected by mechanical damage, tephra deposition and volcanic gases. Oceanic islands are shaped by relatively frequent volcanic eruptions and thus offer the opportunity to study the effect of volcanic activity on biodiversity. We investigate the impact of volcanic gas emissions and tephra deposition during the 2021 Tajogaite eruption on the Canary Pine forests of the island of La Palma, Spain, characterized by monospecific stands of the endemic pine species Pinus canariensis C. Sm. ex D.C. Large quantities of volcanic sulphur dioxide caused chlorotic damage up to approximately 7 km around the crater, followed by widespread resprouting of P. canariensis. To detect the spatial pattern of impacts, we sampled P. canariensis needles from all over the island of La Palma and analyzed their sulphur (S), nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) content. We found a strong increase of S needle content close to the crater, while C decreased significantly. S levels were strongly related to distance to the crater, C and N were mostly influenced by S content. Trees affected by volcanic gases allocate resources to resprouting, leading to lower levels of C due to translocation of C as a building block. Surprisingly, we found higher N levels in needles with high levels of S and a less clear pattern compared to C, likely due to a multitude of environmental factors influencing N needle levels. We investigated how canopy damage patterns detected in Sentinel-2 remote sensing imagery after the eruption correlated to the in-situ needle contents. However, we did not find a clear correlation between in-situ needle values and spectral responses in remote sensing. While satellite images were well suited to analyse large scale patterns of canopy damage following the eruption, needle levels varied strongly on a local, tree-based level, which is not reflected in remote sensing imagery.

Published
2023

25. Free-form dual-comb spectroscopy for compressive sensing and imaging

Author

Giorgetta, Fabrizio R., Potvin, Simon, Deschênes, Jean-Daniel, Coddington, Ian, Newbury, Nathan R., and Baumann, Esther

Abstract

Time-programmable frequency combs enable new measurement paradigms for dual-comb spectroscopy (DCS) that are free of many of the constraints found in traditional DCS. As opposed to fixing the repetition rate offset between combs, free-form DCS uses full control of the temporal offset between the dual-comb pulse trains, thereby enabling user-selectable sampling patterns that optimize resolution, signal-to-noise ratio, species selectivity or acquisition time. Here we show that free-form DCS enables compressive sensing and demonstrate compression factors of up to 155, with an up to 60-fold reduction in acquisition time, while maintaining identical spectral point spacing and comparable signal-to-noise ratio to traditional DCS. We also demonstrate molecular recurrence sampling (an extreme case of compressive sensing) for methane detection at 22× higher sensitivity than traditional DCS at the cost of requiring a priori knowledge of the probed species. Finally, free-form DCS can enable fast species-selective imaging since its radio frequency signal is narrow band, in contrast to traditional DCS, and therefore compatible with limited camera read out rates. We demonstrate imaging of methane plumes across a 128 × 64-pixel focal plane array at a 250 Hz rate. In the future, this flexible free-form approach can enable applications ranging from rapid open-path spectroscopy to nonlinear multidimensional comb-based spectroscopy.

Published
2024
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29. Open-path measurement of stable water isotopologues using mid-infrared dual-comb spectroscopy.

Author

Herman, Daniel I., Mead, Griffin, Giorgetta, Fabrizio R., Baumann, Esther, Malarich, Nathan A., Washburn, Brian R., Newbury, Nathan R., Coddington, Ian, and Cossel, Kevin C.

Subjects
MID-infrared spectroscopy, WATER use, ENVIRONMENTAL monitoring, WEATHER, SENSOR networks
Abstract

We present an open-path mid-infrared dual-comb spectroscopy (DCS) system capable of precise measurement of the stable water isotopologues H 2 16 O and HD 16 O. This system ran in a remote configuration at a rural test site for 3.75 months with 60 % uptime and achieved a precision of < 2 ‰ on the normalized ratio of H 2 16 O and HD 16 O (δ D) in 1000 s. Here, we compare the δ D values from the DCS system to those from the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) isotopologue point sensor network. Over the multi-month campaign, the mean difference between the DCS δ D values and the NEON δ D values from a similar ecosystem is < 2 ‰ with a standard deviation of 18 ‰, which demonstrates the inherent accuracy of DCS measurements over a variety of atmospheric conditions. We observe time-varying diurnal profiles and seasonal trends that are mostly correlated between the sites on daily timescales. This observation motivates the development of denser ecological monitoring networks aimed at understanding regional- and synoptic-scale water transport. Precise and accurate open-path measurements using DCS provide new capabilities for such networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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30. GrassPlot - a Database of Multi-Scale Plant Diversity in Palaearctic Grasslands

Author

Dengler, Jurgen, Wagner, Victoria, Dembicz, Iwona, Garcfa-Mijangos, ltziar, Naqinezhad, Alireza, Boch, Steffen, Chiarucci, Alessandro, Conradi, Timo, Filibeck, Goffredo, Guarino, Riccardo, Janisova, Monika, Steinbauer, Manuel J, Acic, Svetlana, Acosta, Alicia T. R, Akasaka, Munemitsu, Allers, Marc-Andre, Apostolova, Iva, Axmanova, Irena, Bakan, Branko, Baranova, Alina, Bardy-Durchhalter, Manfred, Bartha, Sandor, Baumann, Esther, Becker, Thomas, Becker, Ute, Belonovskaya, Elena, Bengtsson, Karin, Alonso, Jose Luis Benito, Berastegi, Asun, Bergamini, Ariel, Bonini, Ilaria, Bruun, Hans Henrik, Budzhak, Vasyl, Bueno, Alvaro, Campos, Juan Antonio, Cancellieri, Laura, Carboni, Marta, Chocarro, Cristina, Conti, Luisa, Czarniecka-Wiera, Marta, Frenne, Pieter De, Deak, Balazs, Didukh, Yakiv P, Diekmann, Martin, Dolnik, Christian, Dupre, Cecilia, Ecker, Klaus, Ermakov, Nikolai, Erschbamer, Brigitta, Escudero, Adrian, Etayo, Javier, Fajmonova, Zuzana, Felde, Vivian A, Calzado, Maria Rosa Fernandez, Finckh, Manfred, Fotiadis, Georgios, Fracchiolla, Mariano, Ganeva, Anna, Garcfa-Magro, Daniel, Gavilan, Rosario G, Germany, Markus, Giladi, ltamar, Gillet, Francois, Galdo, Gian Pietro Giusso del, Gonzalez, Jose M, Grytnes, John-Arvid, Hajek, Michal, Hajkova, Petra, Helm, Aveliina, Herrera, Mercedes, Hettenbergerova, Eva, Hobohm, Carsten, Hullbusch, Elisabeth M, lngerpuu, Nele, Jandt, Ute, Jeltsch, Florian, Jensen, Kai, Jentsch, Anke, Jeschke, Michael, Jimenez-Alfaro, Borja, Kacki, Zygmunt, Kakinuma, Kaoru, Kapfer, Jutta, Kavgaci, Ali, Kelemen, Andras, Kiehl, Kathrin, Koyama, Asuka, Koyanagi, Tamayo F, Kozub, Lukasz, Kuzemko, Anna, Kyrkjeeide, Magni Olsen, Landi, Sara, Langer, Nancy, Lastrucci, Lorenzo, Lazzaro, Lorenzo, Lelli, Chiara, Leps, Jan, Lobel, Swantje, Luzuriaga, Arantzazu L, Maccherini, Simona, Magnes, Martin, Malicki, Marek, Marceno, Corrado, Mardari, Constantin, Mauchamp, Leslie, May, Felix, Michelsen, Ottar, Mesa, Joaquin Melero, Molnar, Zsolt, Moysiyenko, Ivan Y, Nakaga, Yuko K, Natcheva, Rayna, Noroozi, Jalil, Pakeman, Robin J, Palpurina, Salza, Partel, Meelis, Patsch, Ricarda, Pauli, Harald, Pedashenko, Hristo, Peet, Robert K, Pielech, Remigiusz, Pipenbaher, Natasa, Pirini, Chrisoula, Pleskova, Zuzana, Polyakova, Mariya A, Prentice, Honor C, Reinecke, Jennifer, Reitalu, Triin, Rodriguez-Rojo, Maria Pilar, Rolecek, Jan, Rankin, Vladimir, Rosati, Leonardo, Rosen, Ejvind, Ruprecht, Eszter, Rusina, Solvita, Sabovljevic, Marko, Sanchez, Ana Marfa, Savchenko, Galina, Schuhmacher, Oliver, Skornik, Sonja, Sperandii, Marta Gaia, Staniaszek-Kik, Monika, Stevanovic-Dajic, Zora, Stock, Marin, Suchrow, Sigrid, Sutcliffe, Laura M.E, Swacha, Grzegorz, Sykes, Martin, Szabo, Anna, Talebi, Amir, Tanase, Catalin, Terzi, Massimo, Tolgyesi, Csaba, Torca, Marta, Torok, Peter, Tothmeresz, Bela, Tsarevskaya, Nadezda, Tsiripidis, loannis, Tzonev, Rossen, Ushimaru, Atushi, Valko, Orsolya, Maarel, Eddy van der, Vanneste, Thomas, Vashenyak, luliia, Vassilev, Kiril, Viciani, Daniele, Villar, Luis, Virtanen, Risto, Kasie, Ivana Vitasovic, Wang, Yun, Weiser, Frank, Went, Julia, Wesche, Karsten, White, Hannah, Winkler, Manuela, Zaniewski, Piotr T, Zhang, Hui, Ziv, Varon, Znamenskiy, Sergey, and Biurrun, ldoia

Subjects
Geosciences (General), Documentation And Information Science
Abstract

GrassPlot is a collaborative vegetation-plot database organised by the Eurasian Dry Grassland Group (EDGG)and listed in the Global Index of Vegetation-Plot Databases (GIVD ID EU-00-003). GrassPlot collects plot records (releves) from grasslands and other open habitats of the Palaearctic biogeographic realm. It focuses on precisely delimited plots of eight standard grain sizes (0.0001; 0.001; ... 1,000 m_) and on nested-plot series withat least four different grain sizes. The usage of GrassPlot is regulated through Bylaws that intend to balance the interests of data contributors and data users. The current version (v. 1.00) contains data for approximately 170,000 plots of different sizes and 2,800 nested-plot series. The key components are richness data and metadata.However, most included datasets also encompass compositional data. About 14,000 plots have near-complete records of terricolous bryophytes and lichens in addition to vascular plants. At present, GrassPlot contains data from 36 countries throughout the Palaearctic, spread across elevational gradients and major grassland types. GrassPlot with its multi-scale and multi-taxon focus complements the larger international vegetation plot databases, such as the European Vegetation Archive (EVA) and the global database "sPlot". Its main aim is to facilitate studies on the scale- and taxon-dependency of biodiversity patterns and drivers along macroecological gradients. GrassPlot is a dynamic database and will expand through new data collection coordinated by the elected Governing Board. We invite researchers with suitable data to join GrassPlot. Researchers with project ideas addressable with GrassPlot data are welcome to submit proposals to the Governing Board.

Published
2018
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31. Impact of Volcanic Sulfur Emissions on the Pine Forest of La Palma, Spain

Author

European Commission, German Research Foundation, University of Bayreuth, Cabildo de Tenerife, Nogales, Manuel [0000-0002-5327-3104], Wiser, Frank, Baumann, Esther, Jentsch, Anke, Medina, Félix M., Meng, Lu, Nogales, Manuel, Beierkuhnlein, Carl, European Commission, German Research Foundation, University of Bayreuth, Cabildo de Tenerife, Nogales, Manuel [0000-0002-5327-3104], Wiser, Frank, Baumann, Esther, Jentsch, Anke, Medina, Félix M., Meng, Lu, Nogales, Manuel, and Beierkuhnlein, Carl

Abstract

In autumn 2021, the largest volcanic eruption on the island of La Palma in historic records took place. The Canary Islands are of volcanic origin and eruptions have always constituted part of their natural disturbance regime. Until recently, their impacts could not be directly observed and studied. Influence of the emission of phytotoxic gases on biodiversity and ecosystem dynamics was hitherto unknown. The recent eruption is still being intensely monitored. We used Sentinel-2 remote sensing data to analyze the spatial extent and intensity of the impact related to sulfuric emissions, aiming to understand the damage patterns in Canary pine forest. The emissions damaged 10% of that forest and affected 5.3% of the Natura 2000 protected areas. We concluded that this is largely due to the toxic effects of the enormous emissions of SO2. We found a clear correlation between the change in the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and distance from the eruption. This pattern was weakly anisotropic, with stronger damage in southern directions. Counteracting effects, such as ash deposition, were largely excluded by combining NDVI change detection with tree cover density. We expect that vegetation damage will be transient. P. canariensis can resprout after forest fires, where most leaves are lost. Consequently, our assessment can serve as a reference for future ecosystem regeneration.

Published
2022

38. Open-path measurement of stable water isotopologues using mid-infrared dual-comb spectroscopy.

Author

Herman, Daniel I., Mead, Griffin, Giorgetta, Fabrizio R., Baumann, Esther, Malarich, Nathan, Washburn, Brian R., Newbury, Nathan R., Coddington, Ian, and Cossel, Kevin C.

Subjects
MID-infrared spectroscopy, WATER use, ENVIRONMENTAL monitoring, WEATHER, SENSOR networks
Abstract

We present an open-path mid-infrared dual-comb spectrometer (DCS) capable of precise measurement of the stable water isotopologues H216O and HD16O. This system ran in a remote configuration at a rural test site for 3.75 months with 60 % uptime and achieved a precision of <2 ‰ on the normalized ratio of H216O and HD16O (δD) in 1000 seconds. Here, we compare the δD values from the DCS to those from the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) isotopologue point sensor network. Over the multi-month campaign, the mean difference between the DCS δD values and the NEON δD values from a similar ecosystem is <2 ‰ with a standard deviation of 18 ‰, which demonstrates the inherent accuracy of DCS measurements over a variety of atmospheric conditions. We observe time-varying diurnal profiles and seasonal trends that are mostly correlated between the sites on daily time scales. This observation motivates the development of denser ecological monitoring networks aimed at understanding regional and synoptic scale water transport. Precise and accurate open-path measurements using DCS provide new capabilities for such networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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39. A Laser-Induced Fluorescence Instrument for Aircraft Measurements of Sulfur Dioxide in the Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere

Author

Rollins, Andrew W, Thornberry, Troy D, Ciciora, Steven J, McLaughlin, Richard J, Watts, Laurel A, Hanisco, Thomas F, Baumann, Esther, Giorgetta, Fabrizio R, Bui, Thaopaul V, and Fahey, David W

Subjects
Geosciences (General)
Abstract

This work describes the development and testing of a new instrument for in situ measurements of sulfur dioxide (SO2) on airborne platforms in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS). The instrument is based on the laser-induced fluorescence technique and uses the fifth harmonic of a tunable fiber-amplified semiconductor diode laser system at 1084.5 nm to excite SO2 at 216.9 nm. Sensitivity and background checks are achieved in flight by additions of SO2 calibration gas and zero air, respectively. Aircraft demonstration was performed during the NASA Volcano Plume Investigation Readiness and Gas-Phase and Aerosol Sulfur (VIRGAS) experiment, which was a series of flights using the NASA WB-57F during October 2015 based at Ellington Field and Harlingen, Texas. During these flights, the instrument successfully measured SO2 in the UTLS at background (non-volcanic) conditions with a precision of 2 ppt at 10 s and an overall uncertainty determined primarily by instrument drifts of +/- (16% + 0.9 ppt).

Published
2016
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41. Benchmarking plant diversity of Palaearctic grasslands and other open habitats

Author

Biurrun, Idoia, primary, Pielech, Remigiusz, additional, Dembicz, Iwona, additional, Gillet, François, additional, Kozub, Łukasz, additional, Marcenò, Corrado, additional, Reitalu, Triin, additional, Van Meerbeek, Koenraad, additional, Guarino, Riccardo, additional, Chytrý, Milan, additional, Pakeman, Robin J., additional, Preislerová, Zdenka, additional, Axmanová, Irena, additional, Burrascano, Sabina, additional, Bartha, Sándor, additional, Boch, Steffen, additional, Bruun, Hans Henrik, additional, Conradi, Timo, additional, De Frenne, Pieter, additional, Essl, Franz, additional, Filibeck, Goffredo, additional, Hájek, Michal, additional, Jiménez‐Alfaro, Borja, additional, Kuzemko, Anna, additional, Molnár, Zsolt, additional, Pärtel, Meelis, additional, Pätsch, Ricarda, additional, Prentice, Honor C., additional, Roleček, Jan, additional, Sutcliffe, Laura M. E., additional, Terzi, Massimo, additional, Winkler, Manuela, additional, Wu, Jianshuang, additional, Aćić, Svetlana, additional, Acosta, Alicia T. R., additional, Afif, Elias, additional, Akasaka, Munemitsu, additional, Alatalo, Juha M., additional, Aleffi, Michele, additional, Aleksanyan, Alla, additional, Ali, Arshad, additional, Apostolova, Iva, additional, Ashouri, Parvaneh, additional, Bátori, Zoltán, additional, Baumann, Esther, additional, Becker, Thomas, additional, Belonovskaya, Elena, additional, Benito Alonso, José Luis, additional, Berastegi, Asun, additional, Bergamini, Ariel, additional, Bhatta, Kuber Prasad, additional, Bonini, Ilaria, additional, Büchler, Marc‐Olivier, additional, Budzhak, Vasyl, additional, Bueno, Álvaro, additional, Buldrini, Fabrizio, additional, Campos, Juan Antonio, additional, Cancellieri, Laura, additional, Carboni, Marta, additional, Ceulemans, Tobias, additional, Chiarucci, Alessandro, additional, Chocarro, Cristina, additional, Conti, Luisa, additional, Csergő, Anna Mária, additional, Cykowska‐Marzencka, Beata, additional, Czarniecka‐Wiera, Marta, additional, Czarnocka‐Cieciura, Marta, additional, Czortek, Patryk, additional, Danihelka, Jiří, additional, Bello, Francesco, additional, Deák, Balázs, additional, Demeter, László, additional, Deng, Lei, additional, Diekmann, Martin, additional, Dolezal, Jiri, additional, Dolnik, Christian, additional, Dřevojan, Pavel, additional, Dupré, Cecilia, additional, Ecker, Klaus, additional, Ejtehadi, Hamid, additional, Erschbamer, Brigitta, additional, Etayo, Javier, additional, Etzold, Jonathan, additional, Farkas, Tünde, additional, Farzam, Mohammad, additional, Fayvush, George, additional, Fernández Calzado, María Rosa, additional, Finckh, Manfred, additional, Fjellstad, Wendy, additional, Fotiadis, Georgios, additional, García‐Magro, Daniel, additional, García‐Mijangos, Itziar, additional, Gavilán, Rosario G., additional, Germany, Markus, additional, Ghafari, Sahar, additional, Giusso del Galdo, Gian Pietro, additional, Grytnes, John‐Arvid, additional, Güler, Behlül, additional, Gutiérrez‐Girón, Alba, additional, Helm, Aveliina, additional, Herrera, Mercedes, additional, Hüllbusch, Elisabeth M., additional, Ingerpuu, Nele, additional, Jägerbrand, Annika K., additional, Jandt, Ute, additional, Janišová, Monika, additional, Jeanneret, Philippe, additional, Jeltsch, Florian, additional, Jensen, Kai, additional, Jentsch, Anke, additional, Kącki, Zygmunt, additional, Kakinuma, Kaoru, additional, Kapfer, Jutta, additional, Kargar, Mansoureh, additional, Kelemen, András, additional, Kiehl, Kathrin, additional, Kirschner, Philipp, additional, Koyama, Asuka, additional, Langer, Nancy, additional, Lazzaro, Lorenzo, additional, Lepš, Jan, additional, Li, Ching‐Feng, additional, Li, Frank Yonghong, additional, Liendo, Diego, additional, Lindborg, Regina, additional, Löbel, Swantje, additional, Lomba, Angela, additional, Lososová, Zdeňka, additional, Lustyk, Pavel, additional, Luzuriaga, Arantzazu L., additional, Ma, Wenhong, additional, Maccherini, Simona, additional, Magnes, Martin, additional, Malicki, Marek, additional, Manthey, Michael, additional, Mardari, Constantin, additional, May, Felix, additional, Mayrhofer, Helmut, additional, Meier, Eliane Seraina, additional, Memariani, Farshid, additional, Merunková, Kristina, additional, Michelsen, Ottar, additional, Molero Mesa, Joaquín, additional, Moradi, Halime, additional, Moysiyenko, Ivan, additional, Mugnai, Michele, additional, Naqinezhad, Alireza, additional, Natcheva, Rayna, additional, Ninot, Josep M., additional, Nobis, Marcin, additional, Noroozi, Jalil, additional, Nowak, Arkadiusz, additional, Onipchenko, Vladimir, additional, Palpurina, Salza, additional, Pauli, Harald, additional, Pedashenko, Hristo, additional, Pedersen, Christian, additional, Peet, Robert K., additional, Pérez‐Haase, Aaron, additional, Peters, Jan, additional, Pipenbaher, Nataša, additional, Pirini, Chrisoula, additional, Pladevall‐Izard, Eulàlia, additional, Plesková, Zuzana, additional, Potenza, Giovanna, additional, Rahmanian, Soroor, additional, Rodríguez‐Rojo, Maria Pilar, additional, Ronkin, Vladimir, additional, Rosati, Leonardo, additional, Ruprecht, Eszter, additional, Rusina, Solvita, additional, Sabovljević, Marko, additional, Sanaei, Anvar, additional, Sánchez, Ana M., additional, Santi, Francesco, additional, Savchenko, Galina, additional, Sebastià, Maria Teresa, additional, Shyriaieva, Dariia, additional, Silva, Vasco, additional, Škornik, Sonja, additional, Šmerdová, Eva, additional, Sonkoly, Judit, additional, Sperandii, Marta Gaia, additional, Staniaszek‐Kik, Monika, additional, Stevens, Carly, additional, Stifter, Simon, additional, Suchrow, Sigrid, additional, Swacha, Grzegorz, additional, Świerszcz, Sebastian, additional, Talebi, Amir, additional, Teleki, Balázs, additional, Tichý, Lubomír, additional, Tölgyesi, Csaba, additional, Torca, Marta, additional, Török, Péter, additional, Tsarevskaya, Nadezda, additional, Tsiripidis, Ioannis, additional, Turisová, Ingrid, additional, Ushimaru, Atushi, additional, Valkó, Orsolya, additional, Van Mechelen, Carmen, additional, Vanneste, Thomas, additional, Vasheniak, Iuliia, additional, Vassilev, Kiril, additional, Viciani, Daniele, additional, Villar, Luis, additional, Virtanen, Risto, additional, Vitasović‐Kosić, Ivana, additional, Vojtkó, András, additional, Vynokurov, Denys, additional, Waldén, Emelie, additional, Wang, Yun, additional, Weiser, Frank, additional, Wen, Lu, additional, Wesche, Karsten, additional, White, Hannah, additional, Widmer, Stefan, additional, Wolfrum, Sebastian, additional, Wróbel, Anna, additional, Yuan, Zuoqiang, additional, Zelený, David, additional, Zhao, Liqing, additional, and Dengler, Jürgen, additional

Published
2021
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42. Initial validation of the German version of the Attentional Function Index in a sample of haematological cancer survivors

Author

Baumann, Esther and Universität Leipzig

Subjects
ddc:610, cognitive functioning, haematological cancer, patient-reported outcomes, survivorship, test validation
Abstract

The aim of this study was to provide a short German self-report measurement, assessing subjective CRCI for a broad variety of cancer survivors. For this purpose, the AFI (Attentional Function Index) was translated into German and psychometric properties have been presented in the following publication among a sample of 1312 haematological cancer survivors. In the resulting article the factorial structure of the German translation of the AFI, the internal consistency among the total score and each subscale, construct validity and the associations of the AFI sum score with medical and socio-demographic variables are provided. Comparisons to the English version are additionally drawn. With the validated AFI, researchers and clinicians in German-speaking countries may now have new tool to assess, and thus improve an important component of QoL in cancer survivors [38].

Published
2021

43. Benchmarking plant diversity of Palaearctic grasslands and other open habitats

Author

Biurrun, Idoia, Biurrun, Idoia, Pielech, Remigiusz, Dembicz, Iwona, Gillet, François, Kozub, Lukasz, Marcenò, Corrado, Reitalu, Triin, Van Meerbeek, Koenraad, Guarino, Riccardo, Chytrý, Milan, Pakeman, Robin J., Preislerová, Zdenka, Axmanová, Irena, Burrascano, Sabina, Bartha, Sándor, Boch, Steffen, Bruun, Hans Henrik, Conradi, Timo, De Frenne, Pieter, Essl, Franz, Filibeck, Goffredo, Hájek, Michal, Jiménez- Alfaro, Borja, Kuzemko, Anna, Molnár, Zsolt, Pärtel, Meelis, Pätsch, Ricarda, Prentice, Honor C., Roleček, Jan, Sutcliffe, Laura M. E., Terzi, Massimo, Winkler, Manuela, Wu, Jianshuang, Aćić, Svetlana, Acosta, Alicia T. R., Afif, Elias, Akasaka, Munemitsu, Alatalo, Juha M., Aleffi, Michele, Aleksanyan, Alla, Ali, Arshad, Apostolova, Iva, Ashouri, Parvaneh, Bátori, Zoltán, Baumann, Esther, Becker, Thomas, Belonovskaya, Elena, Benito Alonso, José Luis, Berastegi, Asun, Bergamini, Ariel, Prasad Bhatta, Kuber, Bonini, Ilaria, Büchler, Marc-Olivier, Budzhak, Vasyl, Bueno, Álvaro, Buldrini, Fabrizio, Campos, Juan Antonio, Cancellieri, Laura, Carboni, Marta, Ceulemans, Tobias, Chiarucci, Alessandro, Chocarro, Cristina, Conti, Luisa, Csergo, Anna Maria, Cykowska-Marzencka, Beata, Czarniecka-Wiera, Marta, Czarnocka-Cieciura, Marta, Czortek, Patryk, Danihelka, Jiri, de Bello, Francesco, Deák, Balázs, Demeter, László, Deng, Lei, Diekmann, Martin, Dolezal, Jiri, Dolnik, Christian, Drevojan, Pavel, Dupré, Cecilia, Ecker, Klaus, Ejtehadi, Hamid, Erschbamer, Brigitta, Etayo, Javier, Etzold, Jonathan, Farkas, Tünde, Farzam, Mohammad, Fayvush, George, Fernández Calzado, Maria Rosa, Finckh, Manfred, Fjellstad, Wendy, Fotiadis, Georgios, Garcia-Margo, Daniel, Garcia-Mijangos, Itziar, Gavilán, Rosario G., Germany, Markus, Ghafari, Sahar, Giusso del Galdo, Gian Pietro, Grytnes, John- Arvid, Güler, Behlül, Gutiérrez- Girón, Alba, Helm, Aveliina, Herrera, Mercedes, Hüllbusch, Elisabeth M., Ingerpuu, Nele, Jagerbrand, Annika K., Jandt, Ute, Janišová, Monika, Jeanneret, Philippe, Jeltsch, Florian, Jensen, Kai, Jentsch, Anke, Kacki, Zygmunt, Kakinuma, Kaoru, Kapfer, Jutta, Kargar, Mansoureh, Kelemen, Andras, Kiehl, Kathrin, Kirschner, Philipp, Koyama, Asuka, Langer, Nancy, Lazzaro, Lorenzo, Lepš, Jan, Li, Ching- Feng, Li, Frank Yonghong, Liendo, Diego, Lindborg, Regina, Löbel, Swantje, Lomba, Angela, Lososova, Zdenka, Lustyk, Pavel, Luzuriaga, Arantzazu L., Ma, Wenhong, Maccherini, Simona, Magnes, Martin, Malicki, Marek, Manthey, Michael, Mardari, Constantin, May, Felix, Mayrhofer, Helmut, Seraina Meier, Eliane, Memariani, Farshid, Merunkova, Kristina, Michelsen, Ottar, Molero Mesa, Joaquin, Moradi, Halime, Moysiyenko, Ivan, Mugnai, Michele, Naqinezhad, Alireza, Natcheva, Rayna, Ninot, Josep M., Nobis, Marcin, Noroozi, Jalil, Nowak, Arkadiusz, Onipchenko, Vladimir, Palpurina, Salza, Pauli, Harald, Pedashenko, Hristo, Pedersen, Christian, Peet, Robert K., Pérez- Haase, Aaron, Peters, Jan, Pipenbaher, Nataša, Pirini, Chrisoula, Pladevall- Izard, Eulàlia, Plesková, Zuzana, Potenza, Giovanna, Rahmanian, Soroor, Rodriguez-Rojo, Maria-Pilar, Ronkin, Vladimir, Rosati, Leonardo, Ruprecht, Eszter, Rusina, Solvita, Sabovljević, Marko, Sanaei, Anvar, Sánchez, Ana M., Santi, Francesco, Savchenko, Galina, Sebastià, Maria Teresa, Shyriaieva, Dariia, Silva, Vasco, Škornik, Sonja, Šmerdová, Eva, Sonkoly, Judit, Sperandii, Marta Gaia, Staniaszek-Kik, Monika, Stevens, Carly, Stifter, Simon, Suchrow, Sigrid, Swacha, Grzegorz, Swierszcz, Sebastian, Talebi, Amir, Teleki, Balázs, Tichy, Lubomir, Tölgyesi, Csaba, Torca, Marta, Török, Péter, Tsarevskaya, Nadezda, Tsiripidis, Ioannis, Turisová, Ingrid, Ushimaru, Atushi, Valkó, Orsolya, Van Mechelen, Carmen, Vanneste, Thomas, Vasheniak, Iuliia, Vassilev, Kiril, Viciani, Daniele, Villar, Luis, Virtanen, Risto, Vitasović-Kosić, Ivana, Vojtkó, András, Vynokurov, Denys, Waldén, Emelie, Wang, Yun, Weiser, Frank, Wen, Lu, Wesche, Karsten, White, Hannah, Widmer, Stefan, Wolfrum, Sebastian, Wróbel, Anna, Yuan, Zuoqiang, Zelený, David, Zhao, Liqing, Dengler, Jürgen, Biurrun, Idoia, Biurrun, Idoia, Pielech, Remigiusz, Dembicz, Iwona, Gillet, François, Kozub, Lukasz, Marcenò, Corrado, Reitalu, Triin, Van Meerbeek, Koenraad, Guarino, Riccardo, Chytrý, Milan, Pakeman, Robin J., Preislerová, Zdenka, Axmanová, Irena, Burrascano, Sabina, Bartha, Sándor, Boch, Steffen, Bruun, Hans Henrik, Conradi, Timo, De Frenne, Pieter, Essl, Franz, Filibeck, Goffredo, Hájek, Michal, Jiménez- Alfaro, Borja, Kuzemko, Anna, Molnár, Zsolt, Pärtel, Meelis, Pätsch, Ricarda, Prentice, Honor C., Roleček, Jan, Sutcliffe, Laura M. E., Terzi, Massimo, Winkler, Manuela, Wu, Jianshuang, Aćić, Svetlana, Acosta, Alicia T. R., Afif, Elias, Akasaka, Munemitsu, Alatalo, Juha M., Aleffi, Michele, Aleksanyan, Alla, Ali, Arshad, Apostolova, Iva, Ashouri, Parvaneh, Bátori, Zoltán, Baumann, Esther, Becker, Thomas, Belonovskaya, Elena, Benito Alonso, José Luis, Berastegi, Asun, Bergamini, Ariel, Prasad Bhatta, Kuber, Bonini, Ilaria, Büchler, Marc-Olivier, Budzhak, Vasyl, Bueno, Álvaro, Buldrini, Fabrizio, Campos, Juan Antonio, Cancellieri, Laura, Carboni, Marta, Ceulemans, Tobias, Chiarucci, Alessandro, Chocarro, Cristina, Conti, Luisa, Csergo, Anna Maria, Cykowska-Marzencka, Beata, Czarniecka-Wiera, Marta, Czarnocka-Cieciura, Marta, Czortek, Patryk, Danihelka, Jiri, de Bello, Francesco, Deák, Balázs, Demeter, László, Deng, Lei, Diekmann, Martin, Dolezal, Jiri, Dolnik, Christian, Drevojan, Pavel, Dupré, Cecilia, Ecker, Klaus, Ejtehadi, Hamid, Erschbamer, Brigitta, Etayo, Javier, Etzold, Jonathan, Farkas, Tünde, Farzam, Mohammad, Fayvush, George, Fernández Calzado, Maria Rosa, Finckh, Manfred, Fjellstad, Wendy, Fotiadis, Georgios, Garcia-Margo, Daniel, Garcia-Mijangos, Itziar, Gavilán, Rosario G., Germany, Markus, Ghafari, Sahar, Giusso del Galdo, Gian Pietro, Grytnes, John- Arvid, Güler, Behlül, Gutiérrez- Girón, Alba, Helm, Aveliina, Herrera, Mercedes, Hüllbusch, Elisabeth M., Ingerpuu, Nele, Jagerbrand, Annika K., Jandt, Ute, Janišová, Monika, Jeanneret, Philippe, Jeltsch, Florian, Jensen, Kai, Jentsch, Anke, Kacki, Zygmunt, Kakinuma, Kaoru, Kapfer, Jutta, Kargar, Mansoureh, Kelemen, Andras, Kiehl, Kathrin, Kirschner, Philipp, Koyama, Asuka, Langer, Nancy, Lazzaro, Lorenzo, Lepš, Jan, Li, Ching- Feng, Li, Frank Yonghong, Liendo, Diego, Lindborg, Regina, Löbel, Swantje, Lomba, Angela, Lososova, Zdenka, Lustyk, Pavel, Luzuriaga, Arantzazu L., Ma, Wenhong, Maccherini, Simona, Magnes, Martin, Malicki, Marek, Manthey, Michael, Mardari, Constantin, May, Felix, Mayrhofer, Helmut, Seraina Meier, Eliane, Memariani, Farshid, Merunkova, Kristina, Michelsen, Ottar, Molero Mesa, Joaquin, Moradi, Halime, Moysiyenko, Ivan, Mugnai, Michele, Naqinezhad, Alireza, Natcheva, Rayna, Ninot, Josep M., Nobis, Marcin, Noroozi, Jalil, Nowak, Arkadiusz, Onipchenko, Vladimir, Palpurina, Salza, Pauli, Harald, Pedashenko, Hristo, Pedersen, Christian, Peet, Robert K., Pérez- Haase, Aaron, Peters, Jan, Pipenbaher, Nataša, Pirini, Chrisoula, Pladevall- Izard, Eulàlia, Plesková, Zuzana, Potenza, Giovanna, Rahmanian, Soroor, Rodriguez-Rojo, Maria-Pilar, Ronkin, Vladimir, Rosati, Leonardo, Ruprecht, Eszter, Rusina, Solvita, Sabovljević, Marko, Sanaei, Anvar, Sánchez, Ana M., Santi, Francesco, Savchenko, Galina, Sebastià, Maria Teresa, Shyriaieva, Dariia, Silva, Vasco, Škornik, Sonja, Šmerdová, Eva, Sonkoly, Judit, Sperandii, Marta Gaia, Staniaszek-Kik, Monika, Stevens, Carly, Stifter, Simon, Suchrow, Sigrid, Swacha, Grzegorz, Swierszcz, Sebastian, Talebi, Amir, Teleki, Balázs, Tichy, Lubomir, Tölgyesi, Csaba, Torca, Marta, Török, Péter, Tsarevskaya, Nadezda, Tsiripidis, Ioannis, Turisová, Ingrid, Ushimaru, Atushi, Valkó, Orsolya, Van Mechelen, Carmen, Vanneste, Thomas, Vasheniak, Iuliia, Vassilev, Kiril, Viciani, Daniele, Villar, Luis, Virtanen, Risto, Vitasović-Kosić, Ivana, Vojtkó, András, Vynokurov, Denys, Waldén, Emelie, Wang, Yun, Weiser, Frank, Wen, Lu, Wesche, Karsten, White, Hannah, Widmer, Stefan, Wolfrum, Sebastian, Wróbel, Anna, Yuan, Zuoqiang, Zelený, David, Zhao, Liqing, and Dengler, Jürgen

Abstract

Understanding fine-grain diversity patterns across large spatial extents is fundamental for macroecological research and biodiversity conservation. Using the GrassPlot database, we provide benchmarks of fine-grain richness values of Palaearctic open habitats for vascular plants, bryophytes, lichens and complete vegetation (i.e., the sum of the former three groups). Location: Palaearctic biogeographic realm. Methods: We used 126,524 plots of eight standard grain sizes from the GrassPlot database: 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 and 1,000 m2 and calculated the mean richness and standard deviations, as well as maximum, minimum, median, and first and third quartiles for each combination of grain size, taxonomic group, biome, region, vegetation type and phytosociological class. Results: Patterns of plant diversity in vegetation types and biomes differ across grain sizes and taxonomic groups. Overall, secondary (mostly semi-natural) grasslands and natural grasslands are the richest vegetation type. The open-access file ”GrassPlot Diversity Benchmarks” and the web tool “GrassPlot Diversity Explorer” are now available online (https://edgg.org/databases/GrasslandDiversityExplorer) and provide more insights into species richness patterns in the Palaearctic open habitats. Conclusions: The GrassPlot Diversity Benchmarks provide high-quality data on species richness in open habitat types across the Palaearctic. These benchmark data can be used in vegetation ecology, macroecology, biodiversity conservation and data quality checking. While the amount of data in the underlying GrassPlot database and their spatial coverage are smaller than in other extensive vegetation-plot databases, species recordings in GrassPlot are on average more complete, making it a valuable complementary data source in macroecology.

Published
2021

44. Initial validation of the German version of the Attentional Function Index in a sample of haematological cancer survivors

Author

Universität Leipzig, Baumann, Esther, Universität Leipzig, and Baumann, Esther

Abstract

The aim of this study was to provide a short German self-report measurement, assessing subjective CRCI for a broad variety of cancer survivors. For this purpose, the AFI (Attentional Function Index) was translated into German and psychometric properties have been presented in the following publication among a sample of 1312 haematological cancer survivors. In the resulting article the factorial structure of the German translation of the AFI, the internal consistency among the total score and each subscale, construct validity and the associations of the AFI sum score with medical and socio-demographic variables are provided. Comparisons to the English version are additionally drawn. With the validated AFI, researchers and clinicians in German-speaking countries may now have new tool to assess, and thus improve an important component of QoL in cancer survivors [38].

Published
2021

45. Benchmarking plant diversity of Palaearctic grasslands and other open habitats

Author

Bavarian Research Foundation, International Association for Vegetation Science, Eusko Jaurlaritza, Czech Science Foundation, Estonian Research Council, Scottish Government's Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services, Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Science and Technology Center in Ukraine, Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning, Swedish Institute, Foundation for Introducing Talent of Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Hebei Province, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Tyrolean Science Fund, Austrian Academy of Sciences, University of Innsbruck, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Comunidad de Madrid, National Geographic Society, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), National Science Centre (Poland), Russian Science Foundation, University of Latvia Foundation, Slovenian Research Agency, Biurrun, Idoia, Pielech, Remigiusz, Dembicz, Iwona, Gillet, François, Kozub, Łukasz, Marcenò, Corrado, Reitalu, Triin, Meerbeek, Koenraad Van, Guarino, Riccardo, Chytrý, Milan, Pakeman, Robin J., Kargar, Mansoureh, Kelemen, András, Kiehl, Kathrin, Kirschner, Philipp, Koyama, Asuka, Swacha, Grzegorz, Langer, Nancy, Lazzaro, Lorenzo, Lepš, J., Pauli, Harald, Molnár, Zsolt, Axmanová, Irena, Li, Ching-Feng, Yonghong Li, Frank, Liendo, Diego, Löbel, Swantje, Lomba, Angela, Lososová, Zdeňka, Świerszcz, Sebastian, Lustyk, Pavel, Luzuriaga, Arantzazu L., Pärtel, Meelis, Tichý, Lubomír, Ma, Wenhong, Maccherini, Simona, Burrascano, Sabina, Magnes, Martin, Malicki, Marek, Manthey, Michael, Mardari, Constantin, May, Felix, Talebi, Amir, Pätsch, Ricarda, Mayrhofer, Helmut, Chiarucci, A., Seraina Meier, Eliane, Memariani, Farshid, Merunková, Kristina, Michelsen, Ottar, Bartha, Sándor, Molero Mesa, Joaquín, Moradi, Halime, Moysiyenko, Ivan, Prentice, Honor C., Mugnai, Michele, Teleki, Balázs, Pedashenko, Hristo, Naqinezhad, Alireza, Pedersen, Christian, Peet, Robert K., Pérez-Haase, A., Peters, Jan, Pipenbaher, Nataša, Pirini, Chrisoula, Roleček, Jan, Bruun, Hans Henrik, Pladevall-Izard, Eulàlia, Plesková, Zuzana, Chocarro, Cristina, Essl, Franz, Potenza, Giovanna, Rahmanian, Soroor, Rodríguez-Rojo, María Pilar, Ronkin, Vladimir, Rosati, Leonardo, Janišová, Monika, Ruprecht, Eszter, Rusina, Solvita, Sabovljevic, Marko, Conradi, Timo, Conti, Luisa, Sanaei, Anvar, Hüllbusch, Elisabeth M., Sánchez, Ana M., Santi, Francesco, Savchenko, Galina, Sutcliffe, Laura M. E., Sebastià, María Teresa, Shyriaieva, Dariia, Silva, Vasco, Škornik, Sonja, Šmerdová, Eva, Csergő, Anna Mária, Sonkoly, Judit, De Frenne, Pieter, Tölgyesi, Csaba, Gaia Sperandii, Marta, Terzi, Massimo, Torca, Marta, Török, Péter, Tsarevskaya, Nadezda, Tsiripidis, Ioannis, Turisová, Ingrid, Ushimaru, Atushi, Cykowska-Marzencka, Beata, Valkó, Orsolya, Van Mechelen, Carmen, Vanneste, Thomas, Winkler, Manuela, Ingerpuu, Nele, Filibeck, Goffredo, Vasheniak, Iuliia, Vassilev, Kiril, Viciani, Daniele, Villar Pérez, Luis, Virtanen, Risto, Czarniecka-Wiera, Marta, Vitasović-Kosić, Ivana, Vojtkó, András, de Bello, Francesco, Vynokurov, Denys, Waldén, Emelie, Jägerbrand, Annika K., Wang, Yun, Hájek, Michal, Weiser, Frank, Wen, Lu, Wesche, Karsten, Czortek, Patryk, White, Hannah, Natcheva, Rayna, Widmer, Stefan, Wolfrum, Sebastian, Wróbel, Anna, Yuan, Zuoqiang, Jand, Ute, Zelený, David, Zhao, Liqing, Jiménez Alfaro, Borja, Dengler, Jürgen, Danihelka, Jiří, Wu, Jianshuang, Kuzemko, Anna, Aćić, Svetlana, Acosta, Rosario, Afif, Elias, Akasaka, Munemitsu, Alatalo, Juha M., Aleffi, Michele, Jeanneret, Philippe, Aleksanyan, Alla, Ali, Arshad, Ninot, Josep M., Jentsch, Anke, Apostolova, Iva, Ashouri, Parvaneh, Bátori, Zoltán, Baumann, Esther, Becker, Thomas, Belonovskaya, Elena, Benito Alonso, José Luis, Berastegi, Asun, Jeltsch, Florian, Nobis, Marcin, Bergamini, Ariel, Staniaszek-Kik, Monika, Prasad, Kuber, Bonini, Ilaria, Büchler, Marc-Olivier, Budzhak, Vasyl, Bueno, Álvaro, Buldrini, Fabrizio, Campos, Juan Antonio, Cancellieri, Laura, Noroozi, Jalil, Carboni, Marta, Jensen, Kai, Deák. Balázs, Ceulemans, Tobías, Demeter, László, Deng, Lei, Diekmann, Martin, Doležal, Jiří, Dolnik, Christian, Dřevojan, Pavel, Nowak, Arkadiusz, Dupré, Cecilia, Ecker, Klaus, Ejtehadi, Hamid, Stevens, Carly, Kącki, Zygmunt, Erschbamer, Brigitta, Etayo, Javier, Etzold, Jonathan, Farkas, Tünde, Farzam, Mohammad, Boch, Steffen, Fayvush, George, Fernández Calzado, María Rosa, Finckh, Manfred, Fjellstad, Wendy, Stifter, Simon, Fotiadis, Georgios, Preislerová, Zdenka, García-Magro, Daniel, García-Mijangos, Itziar, Gavilán, Rosario G., Onipchenko, Vladimir G., Germany, Markus, Ghafari, Sahar, Giusso del Galdo, Gian Pietro, Grytnes, John-Arvid, Güler, Behlül, Suchrow, Sigrid, Gutiérrez-Girón, Alba, Helm, Aveliina, Kakinuma, Kaoru, Herrera, Mercedes, Palpurina, Salza, Kapfer, Jutta, Bavarian Research Foundation, International Association for Vegetation Science, Eusko Jaurlaritza, Czech Science Foundation, Estonian Research Council, Scottish Government's Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services, Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Science and Technology Center in Ukraine, Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning, Swedish Institute, Foundation for Introducing Talent of Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Hebei Province, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Tyrolean Science Fund, Austrian Academy of Sciences, University of Innsbruck, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Comunidad de Madrid, National Geographic Society, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), National Science Centre (Poland), Russian Science Foundation, University of Latvia Foundation, Slovenian Research Agency, Biurrun, Idoia, Pielech, Remigiusz, Dembicz, Iwona, Gillet, François, Kozub, Łukasz, Marcenò, Corrado, Reitalu, Triin, Meerbeek, Koenraad Van, Guarino, Riccardo, Chytrý, Milan, Pakeman, Robin J., Kargar, Mansoureh, Kelemen, András, Kiehl, Kathrin, Kirschner, Philipp, Koyama, Asuka, Swacha, Grzegorz, Langer, Nancy, Lazzaro, Lorenzo, Lepš, J., Pauli, Harald, Molnár, Zsolt, Axmanová, Irena, Li, Ching-Feng, Yonghong Li, Frank, Liendo, Diego, Löbel, Swantje, Lomba, Angela, Lososová, Zdeňka, Świerszcz, Sebastian, Lustyk, Pavel, Luzuriaga, Arantzazu L., Pärtel, Meelis, Tichý, Lubomír, Ma, Wenhong, Maccherini, Simona, Burrascano, Sabina, Magnes, Martin, Malicki, Marek, Manthey, Michael, Mardari, Constantin, May, Felix, Talebi, Amir, Pätsch, Ricarda, Mayrhofer, Helmut, Chiarucci, A., Seraina Meier, Eliane, Memariani, Farshid, Merunková, Kristina, Michelsen, Ottar, Bartha, Sándor, Molero Mesa, Joaquín, Moradi, Halime, Moysiyenko, Ivan, Prentice, Honor C., Mugnai, Michele, Teleki, Balázs, Pedashenko, Hristo, Naqinezhad, Alireza, Pedersen, Christian, Peet, Robert K., Pérez-Haase, A., Peters, Jan, Pipenbaher, Nataša, Pirini, Chrisoula, Roleček, Jan, Bruun, Hans Henrik, Pladevall-Izard, Eulàlia, Plesková, Zuzana, Chocarro, Cristina, Essl, Franz, Potenza, Giovanna, Rahmanian, Soroor, Rodríguez-Rojo, María Pilar, Ronkin, Vladimir, Rosati, Leonardo, Janišová, Monika, Ruprecht, Eszter, Rusina, Solvita, Sabovljevic, Marko, Conradi, Timo, Conti, Luisa, Sanaei, Anvar, Hüllbusch, Elisabeth M., Sánchez, Ana M., Santi, Francesco, Savchenko, Galina, Sutcliffe, Laura M. E., Sebastià, María Teresa, Shyriaieva, Dariia, Silva, Vasco, Škornik, Sonja, Šmerdová, Eva, Csergő, Anna Mária, Sonkoly, Judit, De Frenne, Pieter, Tölgyesi, Csaba, Gaia Sperandii, Marta, Terzi, Massimo, Torca, Marta, Török, Péter, Tsarevskaya, Nadezda, Tsiripidis, Ioannis, Turisová, Ingrid, Ushimaru, Atushi, Cykowska-Marzencka, Beata, Valkó, Orsolya, Van Mechelen, Carmen, Vanneste, Thomas, Winkler, Manuela, Ingerpuu, Nele, Filibeck, Goffredo, Vasheniak, Iuliia, Vassilev, Kiril, Viciani, Daniele, Villar Pérez, Luis, Virtanen, Risto, Czarniecka-Wiera, Marta, Vitasović-Kosić, Ivana, Vojtkó, András, de Bello, Francesco, Vynokurov, Denys, Waldén, Emelie, Jägerbrand, Annika K., Wang, Yun, Hájek, Michal, Weiser, Frank, Wen, Lu, Wesche, Karsten, Czortek, Patryk, White, Hannah, Natcheva, Rayna, Widmer, Stefan, Wolfrum, Sebastian, Wróbel, Anna, Yuan, Zuoqiang, Jand, Ute, Zelený, David, Zhao, Liqing, Jiménez Alfaro, Borja, Dengler, Jürgen, Danihelka, Jiří, Wu, Jianshuang, Kuzemko, Anna, Aćić, Svetlana, Acosta, Rosario, Afif, Elias, Akasaka, Munemitsu, Alatalo, Juha M., Aleffi, Michele, Jeanneret, Philippe, Aleksanyan, Alla, Ali, Arshad, Ninot, Josep M., Jentsch, Anke, Apostolova, Iva, Ashouri, Parvaneh, Bátori, Zoltán, Baumann, Esther, Becker, Thomas, Belonovskaya, Elena, Benito Alonso, José Luis, Berastegi, Asun, Jeltsch, Florian, Nobis, Marcin, Bergamini, Ariel, Staniaszek-Kik, Monika, Prasad, Kuber, Bonini, Ilaria, Büchler, Marc-Olivier, Budzhak, Vasyl, Bueno, Álvaro, Buldrini, Fabrizio, Campos, Juan Antonio, Cancellieri, Laura, Noroozi, Jalil, Carboni, Marta, Jensen, Kai, Deák. Balázs, Ceulemans, Tobías, Demeter, László, Deng, Lei, Diekmann, Martin, Doležal, Jiří, Dolnik, Christian, Dřevojan, Pavel, Nowak, Arkadiusz, Dupré, Cecilia, Ecker, Klaus, Ejtehadi, Hamid, Stevens, Carly, Kącki, Zygmunt, Erschbamer, Brigitta, Etayo, Javier, Etzold, Jonathan, Farkas, Tünde, Farzam, Mohammad, Boch, Steffen, Fayvush, George, Fernández Calzado, María Rosa, Finckh, Manfred, Fjellstad, Wendy, Stifter, Simon, Fotiadis, Georgios, Preislerová, Zdenka, García-Magro, Daniel, García-Mijangos, Itziar, Gavilán, Rosario G., Onipchenko, Vladimir G., Germany, Markus, Ghafari, Sahar, Giusso del Galdo, Gian Pietro, Grytnes, John-Arvid, Güler, Behlül, Suchrow, Sigrid, Gutiérrez-Girón, Alba, Helm, Aveliina, Kakinuma, Kaoru, Herrera, Mercedes, Palpurina, Salza, and Kapfer, Jutta

Abstract

Aims: Understanding fine-grain diversity patterns across large spatial extents is fundamental for macroecological research and biodiversity conservation. Using the GrassPlot database, we provide benchmarks of fine-grain richness values of Palaearctic open habitats for vascular plants, bryophytes, lichens and complete vegetation (i.e., the sum of the former three groups). Location: Palaearctic biogeographic realm. Methods: We used 126,524 plots of eight standard grain sizes from the GrassPlot database: 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 and 1,000 m and calculated the mean richness and standard deviations, as well as maximum, minimum, median, and first and third quartiles for each combination of grain size, taxonomic group, biome, region, vegetation type and phytosociological class. Results: Patterns of plant diversity in vegetation types and biomes differ across grain sizes and taxonomic groups. Overall, secondary (mostly semi-natural) grasslands and natural grasslands are the richest vegetation type. The open-access file ”GrassPlot Diversity Benchmarks” and the web tool “GrassPlot Diversity Explorer” are now available online (https://edgg.org/databases/GrasslandDiversityExplorer) and provide more insights into species richness patterns in the Palaearctic open habitats. Conclusions: The GrassPlot Diversity Benchmarks provide high-quality data on species richness in open habitat types across the Palaearctic. These benchmark data can be used in vegetation ecology, macroecology, biodiversity conservation and data quality checking. While the amount of data in the underlying GrassPlot database and their spatial coverage are smaller than in other extensive vegetation-plot databases, species recordings in GrassPlot are on average more complete, making it a valuable complementary data source in macroecology.

Published
2021

46. Quantum cascade detectors

Author

Giorgetta, Fabrizio R., Baumann, Esther, Graf, Marcel, Quankui Yang, Manz, Christian, Kohler, Klaus, Beere, Harvey E., Ritchie, David A., Linfield, Edmund, Davies, Alexander, Fedoryshyn, Yuriy, Jackel, Heinz, Fischer, Milan, Fisher, Milan, Faist, Jerome, and Hofstetter, Daniel

Subjects
Infrared detectors -- Design and construction, Quantum electronics -- Analysis, Quantum wells -- Analysis, Business, Computers, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract

The design, fabrication and characterization of quantum cascade detectors are described. They are tailorable infrared photodetectors that are based on intersubband transitions in semiconductor quantum wells that does not need an external bias voltage due to their asymmetric conduction band profile.

Published
2009

50. Field applications of dual frequency comb spectroscopy

Author

Cossel, Kevin, primary, Waxman, Eleanor, additional, Herman, Daniel, additional, Washburn, Brian, additional, Giorgetta, Fabrizio, additional, Baumann, Esther, additional, Ycas, Gabe, additional, Coddington, Ian, additional, Newbury, Nathan, additional, and Santos, Eduardo, additional

Published
2020
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