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1. Biochemical and Hematological Patterns of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in Mongolia

Author

Narangarav Nyamdag, Munkhbat Sukhee, Erdenetuya Myagmarsuren, and Bayasgalan Gombojav

Subjects
virus, covid-19, blood platelet, c-reactive protein, anti-bacterial agents, Medicine, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Objectives: The impact of COVID-19 prompted a race to find a treatment that would reduce its mortality. This study aimed to analyze how the clinical and laboratory characteristics reflect the disease process and progression of COVID-19 cases in hospitalized patients of Mongolia, which could be informative in managing patients with COVID-19. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on the prescription patterns of drugs given to hospitalized patients diagnosed with COVID-19. A total of 1012 participants were recruited in the study. These were identified from the reported positive cases by polymerase chain reaction or antigen reactivity performed in Ulaanbaatar. Result: A total of 1096 patients participated in this study. The mean age was 51.86 ± 16.98 for male patients and 52.23 ± 16.4 for female patients. It has been revealed that there are statistically significant differences between male and female patients. RBC was 4.56 ± 0.79 M/ UL and 5.08 ± 1.36 M/UL, men and women respectively. The levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) in female COVID-19 patients were significantly higher (46.75 ± 72.83 mg/dL) compared to male patients (33.94 ± 47.96 mg/dL). The platelet count (PLT) was 245.32 ± 77.71 for male patients, while there was a significant reduction in PLT count in female patients (229.30 ± 71.59). Conclusions: Patients with COVID-19 in Mongolia appeared to remain in the hospital for 6.86 ± 2.43 days, shorter than in other countries. Hematological analysis showed that female patients had elevated C-reactive protein levels and decreased PLT count.

Published
2023
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3. Objective Voice Analysis of Mongolian Adults with a Normal Voice Across Age and Gender

Author

Nergui Sodnompil, Ganchimeg Palamdorj, Byambasuren Lkhuvsandagva, Khorolsuren Lkhagvasuren, Bayasgalan Gombojav, Bolortsetseg Zorigtbaatar, and Damdindorj Boldbaatar

Subjects
acoustics, voice, mongolia, adult, aging, Medicine, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Objectives: We aimed to standardize main vocal parameters including fundamental frequency (F0), jitter, shimmer, harmonic-noise ratio (HNR), and smoothed cepstral peak prominence (CPPs) for Mongolian adults with a normal voice across a range of age groups and genders. Methods: A total of 360 voice recordings belonging to adults between 20 and 79 years old were analyzed. An acoustic analysis was performed using the Praat Program with a sustained vowel /a/ or /α/. A one-way analysis of variance and an unpaired t-test were used to measure differences in voice parameters for the age groups and genders. Results: The mean value of F0 was higher in women (254.4 ± 17.9 Hz) compared with men (149.6 ± 15.3 Hz). The average jitter was 0.26% ± 0.12% (W = 0.25 ± 0.13) and the shimmer was 1.95% ± 0.45% (W = 2.01% ± 0.45%). The mean value of HNR was 11.9 ± 1.33 dB (W = 12.1 ± 1.36 dB) and CPPs was 16.3 dB (W = 16.1 dB). Conclusion: The F0 and HNR significantly increased with age for men. The F0 and CPPs decreased, whereas the shimmer and HNR increased with age in women.

Published
2021
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5. Facial Soft Tissue Profile Analysis in Mongolian Children

Author

Erdenebulgan Purevjav, Altanzul Radnaadorj, Ganjargal Ganburged, Badamtsetseg Mashbat, Amarsaikhan Bazar, Keiji Moriyama, and Bayasgalan Gombojav

Subjects
cephalometry, maxillofacial development, reference standards, orthodontics, mongolia, Medicine, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the specific variables of facial soft tissue changes in Mongolian children using angular and linear measurements. Methods: We studied the lateral cephalograms of 541 subjects (228 male and 313 females) having normal occlusion between the ages of 6 and 15 years. Two orthodontists read all radiographs to determine their cerebral vertebral maturation index (CVMI). The radiographs were digitized and cephalometric measurements were made. Results: The Gl'-Sn-Pg' angle for all participants was 170.2 ± 5.4°. The Nasofrontal Gl’-N’-Tn’ angle was 147.2 ± 7.6° for all participants. It decreased with CVMI stage for girls (p = 0.000). The Nasofacial angle Tn- N'- Pog' angle averaged 20.4 ± 7.7° for all participants. The Nasomental angle N'- Tn-Pog' angle on averaged 144.9 ± 4.3° for all participants. It decreased with the CVMI stage for girls (p = 0.000). The Mentocervical Tn-Pog Me-NTP angle was significantly larger in boys than girls (107.8 ± 8.6° vs. 105.3 ± 7.8°, p = 0.001). The Nasolabial angle Ls-Sn-Col angle averaged 100.8 ± 10.6° for all subjects. It decreased with the CVMI stage for both boys (p = 0.043) and girls (p = 0.021). The distance between the E line and TUL was significantly larger in boys than girls (1.7 ± 2.1 vs. 1.2 ± 2.0 mm, p = 0.004). It also significantly decreased with the CVMI stage for both boys (p = 0.033) and girls (p = 0.000). The space between the E line and TLL averaged 1.9 ± 2.0 mm for all subjects. It did not differ by gender. However, it decreased with the CVMI in both boys (p = 0.022) and girls (p = 0.006). Conclusions: We have provided important results for comparing cephalometric soft-tissue values in Mongolian children in this study. These results provide a valuable guide for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment in our country.

Published
2020
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6. CT Assessment of Subtypes of Pulmonary Emphysema in Mongolian Miners

Author

Garamjav Khishigdavaa, Ichinnorov Dashtseren, Tuvshinjargal Dashjamts, Buyankhishig Lhagvatogoo, Naidan Nyamkhuu, Oyunchimeg Dookhuu, Gonchigsuren Dagvasumberel, and Bayasgalan Gombojav

Subjects
computed tomography, pulmonary disease, pulmonary emphysema, Medicine, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Objectives: To determine the incidence of subtypes of pulmonary emphysema identified by LDCT imaging and the relationship between emphysema subtypes with smoking and pulmonary function in miners. Methods: We reviewed 329 miners (245 men and 84 women). Each miner had a low dose (LD) chest CT. Among them 75 miners had a standard chest CT. The images were reconstructed using contemporary iterative reconstruction. Lung volumes and emphysema severity was calculated using automated densitometry segmentation software and qualitative visual analyses.There were two subtypes of pulmonary emphysema found: centrilobular emphysema (CLE) and paraseptal emphysema (PSE). Based on these subtypes, CLE was divided into the following five categories: trace, mild, moderate, confluent, and advanced CLE. PSE was divided into the following two catergories: mild and substantial PSE. Results: Pulmonary emphysema was found in 89 (27.1%) of 329 miners. According to the survey, 73 (82.0%) miners had centrilobulor emphysema, and 17 (18.0%) had a paraseptal emphysema. The emphysema group was a lower Gensler index than thenon-emphysema group. The smoker group had higher emphysematous changes than the non-smoker groups (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Dose reduced CT isauseful study for the assessment of emphysema.

Published
2020
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7. Current Situation of Anemia Management among Hemodialysis Patients in Mongolia

Author

Baigalmaa Evsanaa, Suvd Bukhbat, Khurtsbayar Damdinsuren, Munkhzul Dolgorsuren, Dulguun Buyanjargal, Munkhbaatar Dagvasumberel, Bayasgalan Gombojav, Ariunaa Togtokh, and Odgerel Tsogbadrakh

Subjects
anemia, chronic kidney disease, dialysis, erythropoietin, iron status, Medicine, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Objectives: The purpose of our study was to determine the current practice of anemia management prevalent among hemodialysis patients in Mongolia. Furthermore, we assessed the appropriateness of anemia management by comparing the observed practice to evidence-based clinical guidelines. Methods: A survey was conducted on 132 patients undergoing hemodialysis in State First Hospital, State Third Hospital, ICU Dialysis Center, and Intermed Hospital. All patients who were over 18 years of age with ESRD undergoing hemodialysis were included. Patients were excluded if they had cancer, were receiving chemotherapy or radiotherapy, or undergoing dialysis less than three times per week. Data on anemia parameters, erythropoietin dosing, iron supplementation, in addition to demographic data, were collected. The data were collected over a one year retrospectively from January 1 to December 31, 2018. Patients were assessed according to a pre-specified protocol. Results: Data were collected from 132 patients. The mean Hgb value for those patients was 10.31 ± 1.59 g/dL. Seventy-four patients (56.1%) had mean Hgb values between 9.5 and 11.5 g/dL, the target range recommended by KDIGO guidelines. The mean weekly prescribed dose of erythropoietin was 3825 ± 5054 IU/week (57 ± 72 IU/kg/week). Information on ferritin concentrations was available for 32 (24.2%) patients. The median serum ferritin concentration for those patients was 95.41 ng/mL (IQR=40.83 - 259.27). None of the patients had transferrin saturation (TSAT) values recorded. Conclusion: There is an opportunity to improve anemia management in hemodialysis patients in Mongolia through the evaluation of secondary causes of low response to erythropoietin and better monitoring and management of iron status.

Published
2020
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10. Differences in genetic and environmental variation in adult BMI by sex, age, time period, and region: an individual-based pooled analysis of 40 twin cohorts

Author

Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E, Mack, Thomas M, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Iwatani, Yoshinori, Watanabe, Mikio, Tomizawa, Rie, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H, Rissanen, Aila, Siribaddana, Sisira H, Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Pang, Zengchang, Piirtola, Maarit, Aaltonen, Sari, Öncel, Sevgi Y, Aliev, Fazil, Rebato, Esther, Hjelmborg, Jacob B, Christensen, Kaare, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O, Silberg, Judy L, Eaves, Lindon J, Cutler, Tessa L, Ordoñana, Juan R, Sánchez-Romera, Juan F, Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Song, Yun-Mi, Yang, Sarah, Lee, Kayoung, Franz, Carol E, Kremen, William S, Lyons, Michael J, Busjahn, Andreas, Nelson, Tracy L, Whitfield, Keith E, Kandler, Christian, Jang, Kerry L, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A, Stazi, Maria A, Fagnani, Corrado, D’Ippolito, Cristina, Duncan, Glen E, Buchwald, Dedra, Martin, Nicholas G, Medland, Sarah E, Montgomery, Grant W, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Swan, Gary E, Krasnow, Ruth, Magnusson, Patrik KE, Pedersen, Nancy L, Dahl Aslan, Anna K, McAdams, Tom A, Eley, Thalia C, Gregory, Alice M, Tynelius, Per, Baker, Laura A, Tuvblad, Catherine, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Spector, Timothy D, Mangino, Massimo, Lachance, Genevieve, Burt, S Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L, Harris, Jennifer R, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S, Krueger, Robert F, McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Corley, Robin P, Huibregtse, Brooke M, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Catharina EM, Willemsen, Gonneke, Goldberg, Jack H, Rasmussen, Finn, Tarnoki, Adam D, Tarnoki, David L, Derom, Catherine A, Vlietinck, Robert F, Loos, Ruth JF, Hopper, John L, Sung, Joohon, Maes, Hermine H, Turkheimer, Eric, Boomsma, Dorret I, Sørensen, Thorkild IA, and Kaprio, Jaakko

Published
2017
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11. Genetic and environmental effects on body mass index from infancy to the onset of adulthood: an individual-based pooled analysis of 45 twin cohorts participating in the COllaborative project of Development of Anthropometrical measures in Twins (CODATwins) study1–3

Author

Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Honda, Chika, Hjelmborg, Jacob vB, Möller, Sören, Ooki, Syuichi, Aaltonen, Sari, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato, Esther, Busjahn, Andreas, Kandler, Christian, Saudino, Kimberly J, Jang, Kerry L, Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E, Mack, Thomas M, Gao, Wenjing, Yu, Canqing, Li, Liming, Corley, Robin P, Huibregtse, Brooke M, Christensen, Kaare, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O, Derom, Catherine A, Vlietinck, Robert F, Loos, Ruth JF, Heikkilä, Kauko, Wardle, Jane, Llewellyn, Clare H, Fisher, Abigail, McAdams, Tom A, Eley, Thalia C, Gregory, Alice M, He, Mingguang, Ding, Xiaohu, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Tarnoki, Adam D, Tarnoki, David L, Stazi, Maria A, Fagnani, Corrado, D’Ippolito, Cristina, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Burt, S Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L, Silberg, Judy L, Eaves, Lindon J, Maes, Hermine H, Krueger, Robert F, McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Toos CEM, Craig, Jeffrey M, Saffery, Richard, Freitas, Duarte L, Maia, José Antonio, Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Brendgen, Mara, Dionne, Ginette, Vitaro, Frank, Martin, Nicholas G, Medland, Sarah E, Montgomery, Grant W, Chong, Youngsook, Swan, Gary E, Krasnow, Ruth, Magnusson, Patrik KE, Pedersen, Nancy L, Tynelius, Per, Lichtenstein, Paul, Haworth, Claire MA, Plomin, Robert, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Harden, K Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M, Öncel, Sevgi Y, Aliev, Fazil, Spector, Timothy, Mangino, Massimo, Lachance, Genevieve, Baker, Laura A, Tuvblad, Catherine, Duncan, Glen E, Buchwald, Dedra, Willemsen, Gonneke, Rasmussen, Finn, Goldberg, Jack H, Sørensen, Thorkild IA, Boomsma, Dorret I, and Kaprio, Jaakko

Published
2016
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13. Multiple susceptibility loci at chromosome 11q23.3 are associated with plasma triglyceride in East Asians[S]

Author

Bayasgalan Gombojav, Soo Ji Lee, Minjung Kho, Yun-Mi Song, Kayoung Lee, and Joohon Sung

Subjects
genetic variant, genome-wide association study, polymorphisms, genetic epidemiology, Biochemistry, QD415-436
Abstract

Genetic studies of plasma TG levels have identified associations with multiple candidate loci on chromosome11q23.3, which harbors a number of genes, including BUD13, ZNF259, and APOA5-A4-C3-A1. This study aimed to examine whether these multiple candidate genes on the 11q23.3 regions exert independent effects on TG levels or whether their effects are confounded by linkage disequilibrium (LD). We performed a genome-wide association study and consequent fine-mapping analyses on TG levels in two Korean population-based cohorts: the Korea Association Resource study (n = 8,223) and the Healthy Twin study (n = 1,735). A total of 301 loci reached genome-wide significance level in pooled analysis, including 10 SNPs with weak LD (r 2 < 0.06) clustered on 11q23.3: ApoA5 (rs651821, rs2075291); ZNF259 (rs964184, rs603446); BUD13 (rs11216126); Apoa4 (rs7396851); SIK3 (rs12292858); PCSK7 (rs199890178); PAFAH1B2 (rs12420127), and SIDT2 (rs2269399). When the inter-dependence between alleles was examined using conditional models, five loci on BUD13, ZNF259, and ApoA5 showed possible independent associations. A haplotype analysis using five SNPs revealed both hyper- and hypotriglyceridemic haplotypes, which are relatively common in Koreans (haplotype frequency 0.08–0.22). Our findings suggest the presence of multiple functional loci on 11q23.3, which might exert their effects on plasma TG level independently or through complex interactions between functional loci.

Published
2016
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14. Association between birthweight and later body mass index: an individual-based pooled analysis of 27 twin cohorts participating in the CODATwins project

Author

Jelenkovic, Aline, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Sund, Reijo, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Toos CEM, Ooki, Syuichi, Saudino, Kimberly J, Stazi, Maria A, Fagnani, Corrado, D’Ippolito, Cristina, Nelson, Tracy L, Whitfield, Keith E, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Heikkilä, Kauko, Cutler, Tessa L, Hopper, John L, Wardle, Jane, Llewellyn, Clare H, Fisher, Abigail, Corley, Robin P, Huibregtse, Brooke M, Derom, Catherine A, Vlietinck, Robert F, Loos, Ruth JF, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Tarnoki, Adam D, Tarnoki, David L, Burt, S Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L, Ordoñana, Juan R, Sánchez-Romera, Juan F, Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Brendgen, Mara, Dionne, Ginette, Vitaro, Frank, Harris, Jennifer R, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, Craig, Jeffrey M, Saffery, Richard, Rasmussen, Finn, Tynelius, Per, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Haworth, Claire MA, Plomin, Robert, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato, Esther, Krueger, Robert F, McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Boomsma, Dorret I, Sørensen, Thorkild IA, Kaprio, Jaakko, and Silventoinen, Karri

Published
2017
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15. Smoking After Age 65 Years and Mortality: The Kangwha Cohort Study

Author

Byung Heon Cha, Bayasgalan Gombojav, Jae Woong Sull, and Heechoul Ohrr

Subjects
cardiovascular disease, cognitive impairment, mortality, smoking, Geriatrics, RC952-954.6
Abstract

Background: The relationship between smoking and mortality in elderly people, especially in women, is unclear. The present paper examines the association between smoking and the risk of mortality due to all causes of death with a special focus on cardiovascular disease in elderly Korean men and women. Methods: This study followed a cohort of 2201 residents (934 males and 1267 females) in Kangwha county who were ≥ 65 years of age. All patients were followed from March 1994 through December 31, 2005 (11.8 years) in order to determine cause-specific mortality. We calculated the hazard ratio of mortality according to smoking status using the Cox proportional hazard model. Results: During the 11.8 years of the study duration, 529 men and 498 women died. Current female smokers also demonstrated higher levels of cognitive impairment than nonsmokers. Current female smokers demonstrated significantly increased risks of mortality from deaths due to all causes and total cardiovascular disease in comparison with female nonsmokers. The hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of mortality was 1.32 (1.05–1.66) for all causes and 1.76 (1.10–2.82) for total cardiovascular disease. Current male smokers also demonstrated an increased risk of mortality due to all causes in comparison with male nonsmokers, but this outcome was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that smoking has a harmful effect on the risk of mortality due to cardiovascular diseases in elderly Korean women. However, these findings need to be confirmed by further studies.

Published
2012
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16. Family-Based Association Study of Pulmonary Function in a Population in Northeast Asia.

Author

Ho-Young Son, Seong-Wook Sohn, Sun-Hwa Im, Hyun-Jin Kim, Mi Kyeong Lee, Bayasgalan Gombojav, Hyouk-Soo Kwon, Daniel S Park, Hyung-Lae Kim, Kyung-Up Min, Joohon Sung, Jeong-Sun Seo, and Jong-Il Kim

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

The spirometric measurement of pulmonary function by measuring the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) is a heritable trait that reflects the physiological condition of the lung and airways. Genome-wide linkage and association studies have identified a number of genes and genetic loci associated with pulmonary function. However, limited numbers of studies have been reported for Asian populations. In this study, we aimed to investigate genetic evidence of pulmonary function in a population in northeast Asia. We conducted a family-based association test with 706 GENDISCAN study participants from 72 Mongolian families to determine candidate genetic determinants of pulmonary function. For the replication, we chose seven candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the 5 loci, and tested 1062 SNPs for association with FEV1 from 2,729 subjects of the Korea Healthy Twin study. We identified TMEM132C as a potential candidate gene at 12q24.3, which is a previously reported locus of asthma and spirometric indices. We also found two adjacent candidate genes (UNC93A and TTLL2) in the 6q27 region, which has been previously identified as a pulmonary function locus in the Framingham cohort study. Our findings suggest that novel candidate genes (TMEM132C, UNC93A and TTLL2) in two different regions are associated with pulmonary function in a population in northeast Asia.

Published
2015
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17. Multiple susceptibility loci at chromosome 11q23.3 are associated with plasma triglyceride in East Asians[S]

Author

Yun-Mi Song, Soo Ji Lee, Kayoung Lee, Bayasgalan Gombojav, Minjung Kho, and Joohon Sung

Subjects
Adult, Male, 0301 basic medicine, genetic variant, Candidate gene, Linkage disequilibrium, genetic epidemiology, Adolescent, Genome-wide association study, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, QD415-436, Biology, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Biochemistry, Linkage Disequilibrium, 03 medical and health sciences, Endocrinology, Asian People, Republic of Korea, Humans, Allele, Alleles, Apolipoproteins A, Genetic Association Studies, Triglycerides, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Genetics, genome-wide association study, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11, Haplotype, Membrane Transport Proteins, RNA-Binding Proteins, Cell Biology, Middle Aged, Twin study, 030104 developmental biology, Haplotypes, Genetic epidemiology, Apolipoprotein A-V, Female, Disease Susceptibility, Patient-Oriented and Epidemiological Research, Carrier Proteins, polymorphisms
Abstract

Genetic studies of plasma TG levels have identified associations with multiple candidate loci on chromosome11q23.3, which harbors a number of genes, including BUD13, ZNF259, and APOA5-A4-C3-A1. This study aimed to examine whether these multiple candidate genes on the 11q23.3 regions exert independent effects on TG levels or whether their effects are confounded by linkage disequilibrium (LD). We performed a genome-wide association study and consequent fine-mapping analyses on TG levels in two Korean population-based cohorts: the Korea Association Resource study (n = 8,223) and the Healthy Twin study (n = 1,735). A total of 301 loci reached genome-wide significance level in pooled analysis, including 10 SNPs with weak LD (r(2) < 0.06) clustered on 11q23.3: ApoA5 (rs651821, rs2075291); ZNF259 (rs964184, rs603446); BUD13 (rs11216126); Apoa4 (rs7396851); SIK3 (rs12292858); PCSK7 (rs199890178); PAFAH1B2 (rs12420127), and SIDT2 (rs2269399). When the inter-dependence between alleles was examined using conditional models, five loci on BUD13, ZNF259, and ApoA5 showed possible independent associations. A haplotype analysis using five SNPs revealed both hyper- and hypotriglyceridemic haplotypes, which are relatively common in Koreans (haplotype frequency 0.08-0.22). Our findings suggest the presence of multiple functional loci on 11q23.3, which might exert their effects on plasma TG level independently or through complex interactions between functional loci.

Published
2016

18. Modifying Effects of Resting Heart Rate on the Association of Binge Drinking With All-cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in Older Korean Men: the Kangwha Cohort Study

Author

Kimyoung Han, Chung Mo Nam, Mikyung Ryu, Bayasgalan Gombojav, and Yunhwan Lee

Subjects
resting heart rate, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Epidemiology, Binge drinking, Disease, Cohort Studies, Heart Rate, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Cardiovascular Disease, Cause of Death, Heart rate, Republic of Korea, medicine, Humans, Cause of death, Aged, Proportional Hazards Models, business.industry, Proportional hazards model, Hazard ratio, General Medicine, Middle Aged, alcohol drinking, mortality, Confidence interval, binge drinking, Endocrinology, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiology, Original Article, business, Cohort study
Abstract

Background Although binge drinking and high resting heart rate independently affect cardiovascular and all-cause mortality risk, the combined effect of these two risk factors and their interaction has rarely been studied. This study examined the association between binge drinking and cardiovascular and all-cause mortality and evaluated the potential modifying effect on this association of resting heart rate in Korean men. Methods Men aged 55 years or older in 1985 (n = 2600) were followed for cardiovascular and all-cause mortality for 20.8 years, until 2005. We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for cardiovascular and all-cause mortality by binge drinking and resting heart rate using the Cox proportional hazard model. Results Heavy binge drinkers (≥12 drinks on one occasion) with elevated resting heart rate (≥80 bpm) had a HR of 2.25 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.47-3.45) for death from cardiovascular disease and 1.37 (95% CI, 0.87-2.14) for all-cause mortality compared to the reference group (non-drinking and resting heart rate 61-79 bpm). The HRs of dying from cardiovascular disease increased linearly from 1.36 to 1.52, 1.71, and 2.25 among individuals with resting heart rate greater than or equal to 80 bpm within the four alcohol consumption categories (non-drinking, non-binge, moderate binge, and heavy binge), respectively. Conclusions Our findings suggest that, among older Korean men, heavy binge drinkers with an elevated resting heart rate are at high risk for cardiovascular and all-cause mortality.

Published
2014

19. Genetic and environmental factors affecting birth size variation: a pooled individual-based analysis of secular trends and global geographical differences using 26 twin cohorts

Author

Yokoyama, Yoshie, primary, Jelenkovic, Aline, additional, Hur, Yoon-Mi, additional, Sund, Reijo, additional, Fagnani, Corrado, additional, Stazi, Maria A, additional, Brescianini, Sonia, additional, Ji, Fuling, additional, Ning, Feng, additional, Pang, Zengchang, additional, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, additional, Mankuta, David, additional, Abramson, Lior, additional, Rebato, Esther, additional, Hopper, John L, additional, Cutler, Tessa L, additional, Saudino, Kimberly J, additional, Nelson, Tracy L, additional, Whitfield, Keith E, additional, Corley, Robin P, additional, Huibregtse, Brooke M, additional, Derom, Catherine A, additional, Vlietinck, Robert F, additional, Loos, Ruth J F, additional, Llewellyn, Clare H, additional, Fisher, Abigail, additional, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, additional, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, additional, Sodemann, Morten, additional, Krueger, Robert F, additional, McGue, Matt, additional, Pahlen, Shandell, additional, Bartels, Meike, additional, van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E M, additional, Willemsen, Gonneke, additional, Harris, Jennifer R, additional, Brandt, Ingunn, additional, Nilsen, Thomas S, additional, Craig, Jeffrey M, additional, Saffery, Richard, additional, Dubois, Lise, additional, Boivin, Michel, additional, Brendgen, Mara, additional, Dionne, Ginette, additional, Vitaro, Frank, additional, Haworth, Claire M A, additional, Plomin, Robert, additional, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, additional, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, additional, Rasmussen, Finn, additional, Tynelius, Per, additional, Tarnoki, Adam D, additional, Tarnoki, David L, additional, Ooki, Syuichi, additional, Rose, Richard J, additional, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H, additional, Sørensen, Thorkild I A, additional, Boomsma, Dorret I, additional, Kaprio, Jaakko, additional, and Silventoinen, Karri, additional

Published
2018
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20. Associations between birth size and later height from infancy through adulthood: An individual based pooled analysis of 28 twin cohorts participating in the CODATwins project

Author

Jelenkovic, Aline, primary, Yokoyama, Yoshie, additional, Sund, Reijo, additional, Hur, Yoon-Mi, additional, Harris, Jennifer R., additional, Brandt, Ingunn, additional, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, additional, Ooki, Syuichi, additional, Ullemar, Vilhelmina, additional, Almqvist, Catarina, additional, Magnusson, Patrik K.E., additional, Saudino, Kimberly J., additional, Stazi, Maria A., additional, Fagnani, Corrado, additional, Brescianini, Sonia, additional, Nelson, Tracy L., additional, Whitfield, Keith E., additional, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, additional, Mankuta, David, additional, Abramson, Lior, additional, Cutler, Tessa L., additional, Hopper, John L., additional, Llewellyn, Clare H., additional, Fisher, Abigail, additional, Corley, Robin P., additional, Huibregtse, Brooke M., additional, Derom, Catherine A., additional, Vlietinck, Robert F., additional, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, additional, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, additional, Sodemann, Morten, additional, Krueger, Robert F., additional, McGue, Matt, additional, Pahlen, Shandell, additional, Alexandra Burt, S., additional, Klump, Kelly L., additional, Dubois, Lise, additional, Boivin, Michel, additional, Brendgen, Mara, additional, Dionne, Ginette, additional, Vitaro, Frank, additional, Willemsen, Gonneke, additional, Bartels, Meike, additional, van Beijsterveld, Catharina E.M., additional, Craig, Jeffrey M., additional, Saffery, Richard, additional, Rasmussen, Finn, additional, Tynelius, Per, additional, Heikkilä, Kauko, additional, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H., additional, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, additional, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, additional, Haworth, Claire M.A., additional, Plomin, Robert, additional, Ji, Fuling, additional, Ning, Feng, additional, Pang, Zengchang, additional, Rebato, Esther, additional, Tarnoki, Adam D., additional, Tarnoki, David L., additional, Kim, Jina, additional, Lee, Jooyeon, additional, Lee, Sooji, additional, Sung, Joohon, additional, Loos, Ruth J.F., additional, Boomsma, Dorret I., additional, Sørensen, Thorkild I.A., additional, Kaprio, Jaakko, additional, and Silventoinen, Karri, additional

Published
2018
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21. Birth size and gestational age in opposite-sex twins as compared to same-sex twins: An individual-based pooled analysis of 21 cohorts

Author

Jelenkovic, Aline, primary, Sund, Reijo, additional, Yokoyama, Yoshie, additional, Hur, Yoon-Mi, additional, Ullemar, Vilhelmina, additional, Almqvist, Catarina, additional, Magnusson, Patrik KE, additional, Willemsen, Gonneke, additional, Bartels, Meike, additional, Beijsterveldt, Catharina EM van, additional, Bogl, Leonie H., additional, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H, additional, Vuoksimaa, Eero, additional, Ji, Fuling, additional, Ning, Feng, additional, Pang, Zengchang, additional, Nelson, Tracy L, additional, Whitfield, Keith E., additional, Rebato, Esther, additional, Llewellyn, Clare H., additional, Fisher, Abigail, additional, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, additional, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, additional, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, additional, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, additional, Sodemann, Morten, additional, Tarnoki, Adam D., additional, Tarnoki, David L., additional, Ooki, Syuichi, additional, Stazi, Maria A., additional, Fagnani, Corrado, additional, Brescianini, Sonia, additional, Dubois, Lise, additional, Boivin, Michel, additional, Brendgen, Mara, additional, Dionne, Ginette, additional, Vitaro, Frank, additional, Cutler, Tessa L, additional, Hopper, John L., additional, Krueger, Robert F., additional, McGue, Matt, additional, Pahlen, Shandell, additional, Craig, Jeffrey M., additional, Saffery, Richard, additional, Haworth, Claire MA, additional, Plomin, Robert, additional, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, additional, Mankuta, David, additional, Abramson, Lior, additional, Burt, S Alexandra, additional, Klump, Kelly L., additional, Vlietinck, Robert F., additional, Derom, Catherine A., additional, Loos, Ruth JF, additional, Boomsma, Dorret I., additional, Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., additional, Kaprio, Jaakko, additional, and Silventoinen, Karri, additional

Published
2018
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22. Associations Between Birth Size and Later Height From Infancy Through Adulthood: an Individual Based Pooled Analysis of 28 Twin Cohorts Participating in the Codatwins Project

Author

Fisiología, Fisiologia, Jelenkovic Moreno, Aline, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Sund, Reijo, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Harris, Jennifer R., Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, Ooki, Syuichi, Ullemar, Vilhelmina, Almqvisth, Catarina, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Saudino, Kimberly J., Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, Brescianini, Sonia, Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Knafo Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Cutler, Tessa L., Hopper, John L., Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Bjerregaard Andersen, Morten, Nielsen, Henning Beck, Sodemann, Morten, Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Burt, S. Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L., Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Brendgen, Mara, Dionne, Ginette, Vitaro, Frank, Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, Van Beijsterveld, Catharina E. M., Craig, Jeffrey M., Saffery, Richard, Rasmussen, Finn, Tynelius, Per, Heikkila, Kauko, Pietilainen, Kirsi H., Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Haworth, Claire M. A., Plomin, Robert, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato Ochoa, Esther Matilde, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Kim, Jina, Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Sooji, Sung, Joohon, Loos, Ruth J. F., Boomsma, Dorret I., Sorensen, Thorkild I. A., Kaprio, Jaakko, Silventoinen, Karri, Fisiología, Fisiologia, Jelenkovic Moreno, Aline, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Sund, Reijo, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Harris, Jennifer R., Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, Ooki, Syuichi, Ullemar, Vilhelmina, Almqvisth, Catarina, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Saudino, Kimberly J., Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, Brescianini, Sonia, Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Knafo Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Cutler, Tessa L., Hopper, John L., Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Bjerregaard Andersen, Morten, Nielsen, Henning Beck, Sodemann, Morten, Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Burt, S. Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L., Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Brendgen, Mara, Dionne, Ginette, Vitaro, Frank, Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, Van Beijsterveld, Catharina E. M., Craig, Jeffrey M., Saffery, Richard, Rasmussen, Finn, Tynelius, Per, Heikkila, Kauko, Pietilainen, Kirsi H., Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Haworth, Claire M. A., Plomin, Robert, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato Ochoa, Esther Matilde, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Kim, Jina, Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Sooji, Sung, Joohon, Loos, Ruth J. F., Boomsma, Dorret I., Sorensen, Thorkild I. A., Kaprio, Jaakko, and Silventoinen, Karri

Abstract

Background: There is evidence that birth size is positively associated with height in later life, but it remains unclear whether this is explained by genetic factors or the intrauterine environment. Aim: To analyze the associations of birth weight, length and ponderal index with height from infancy through adulthood within mono- and dizygotic twin pairs, which provides insights into the role of genetic and environmental individual-specific factors. Methods: This study is based on the data from 28 twin cohorts in 17 countries. The pooled data included 41,852 complete twin pairs (55% monozygotic and 45% same-sex dizygotic) with information on birth weight and a total of 112,409 paired height measurements at ages ranging from 1 to 69 years. Birth length was available for 19,881 complete twin pairs, with a total of 72,692 paired height measurements. The association between birth size and later height was analyzed at both the individual and within-pair level by linear regression analyses. Results: Within twin pairs, regression coefficients showed that a 1-kg increase in birth weight and a 1-cm increase in birth length were associated with 1.14-4.25 cm and 0.18-0.90 cm taller height, respectively. The magnitude of the associations was generally greater within dizygotic than within monozygotic twin pairs, and this difference between zygosities was more pronounced for birth length. Conclusion: Both genetic and individual-specific environmental factors play a role in the association between birth size and later height from infancy to adulthood, with a larger role for genetics in the association with birth length than with birth weight.

Published
2018

23. Birth size and gestational age in opposite-sex twins as compared to same-sex twins: An individualbased pooled analysis of 21 cohorts

Author

Fisiología, Fisiologia, Jelenkovic Moreno, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Ullemar, Vilhelmina, Almqvist, Catarina, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, Van Beijsterveldt, Catharina EM, Bogl, Leonie H, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H, Vuoksimaa, Eero, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Nelson, Tracy L, Whitfield, Keith E., Rebato Ochoa, Esther Matilde, Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Ooki, Syuichi, Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, Brescianini, Sonia, Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Brendgen, Mara, Dionne, Ginette, Vitaro, Frank, Cutler, Tessa L., Hopper, John L., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Craig, Jeffrey M., Saffery, Richard, Haworth, Claire MA, Fisiología, Fisiologia, Jelenkovic Moreno, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Ullemar, Vilhelmina, Almqvist, Catarina, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, Van Beijsterveldt, Catharina EM, Bogl, Leonie H, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H, Vuoksimaa, Eero, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Nelson, Tracy L, Whitfield, Keith E., Rebato Ochoa, Esther Matilde, Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Ooki, Syuichi, Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, Brescianini, Sonia, Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Brendgen, Mara, Dionne, Ginette, Vitaro, Frank, Cutler, Tessa L., Hopper, John L., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Craig, Jeffrey M., Saffery, Richard, and Haworth, Claire MA

Abstract

It is well established that boys are born heavier and longer than girls, but it remains unclear whether birth size in twins is affected by the sex of their co-twin. We conducted an individual-based pooled analysis of 21 twin cohorts in 15 countries derived from the COllaborative project of Development of Anthropometrical measures in Twins (CODATwins), including 67,850 dizygotic twin individuals. Linear regression analyses showed that boys having a co-twin sister were, on average, 31 g (95%Cl 18 to 45) heavier and 0.16 cm (95%CI 0.045 to 0.274) longer than those with a co-twin brother. In girls, birth size was not associated (5 g birth weight; 95%Cl -8 to -18 and -0.089 cm birth length; 95% CI -0.202 to 0.025) with the sex of the co-twin. Gestational age was slightly shorter in boy-boy pairs than in boy-girl and girl-girl pairs. When birth size was standardized by gestational age, the magnitude of the associations was attenuated in boys, particularly for birth weight. In conclusion, boys with a co-twin sister are heavier and longer at birth than those with a co-twin brother. However, these differences are modest and partly explained by a longer gestation in the presence of a co-twin sister.

Published
2018

24. Genetic and environmental factors affecting birth size variation: A pooled individual-based analysis of secular trends and global geographical differences using 26 twin cohorts

Author

Yokoyama, Yoshie, Jelenkovic, Aline, Hur, Yoon Mi, Sund, Reijo, Fagnani, Corrado, Stazi, Maria A., Brescianini, Sonia, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Rebato, Esther, Hopper, John L., Cutler, Tessa L., Saudino, Kimberly J., Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J.F., Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Bartels, Meike, Van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E.M., Willemsen, Gonneke, Harris, Jennifer R., Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S., Craig, Jeffrey M., Saffery, Richard, Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Brendgen, Mara, Dionne, Ginette, Vitaro, Frank, Haworth, Claire M.A., Plomin, Robert, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Rasmussen, Finn, Tynelius, Per, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Ooki, Syuichi, Rose, Richard J., Pietiläinen, Kirsi H., Sørensen, Thorkild I.A., Boomsma, Dorret I., Kaprio, Jaakko, Silventoinen, Karri, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Jelenkovic, Aline, Hur, Yoon Mi, Sund, Reijo, Fagnani, Corrado, Stazi, Maria A., Brescianini, Sonia, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Rebato, Esther, Hopper, John L., Cutler, Tessa L., Saudino, Kimberly J., Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J.F., Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Bartels, Meike, Van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E.M., Willemsen, Gonneke, Harris, Jennifer R., Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S., Craig, Jeffrey M., Saffery, Richard, Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Brendgen, Mara, Dionne, Ginette, Vitaro, Frank, Haworth, Claire M.A., Plomin, Robert, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Rasmussen, Finn, Tynelius, Per, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Ooki, Syuichi, Rose, Richard J., Pietiläinen, Kirsi H., Sørensen, Thorkild I.A., Boomsma, Dorret I., Kaprio, Jaakko, and Silventoinen, Karri

Abstract

Background: The genetic architecture of birth size may differ geographically and over time. We examined differences in the genetic and environmental contributions to birthweight, length and ponderal index (PI) across geographical-cultural regions (Europe, North America and Australia, and East Asia) and across birth cohorts, and how gestational age modifies these effects. Methods: Data from 26 twin cohorts in 16 countries including 57 613 monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs were pooled. Genetic and environmental variations of birth size were estimated using genetic structural equation modelling. Results: The variance of birthweight and length was predominantly explained by shared environmental factors, whereas the variance of PI was explained both by shared and unique environmental factors. Genetic variance contributing to birth size was small. Adjusting for gestational age decreased the proportions of shared environmental variance and increased the propositions of unique environmental variance. Genetic variance was similar in the geographical-cultural regions, but shared environmental variance was smaller in East Asia than in Europe and North America and Australia. The total variance and shared environmental variance of birth length and PI were greater from the birth cohort 1990-99 onwards compared with the birth cohorts from 1970-79 to 1980-89. Conclusions: The contribution of genetic factors to birth size is smaller than that of shared environmental factors, which is partly explained by gestational age. Shared environmental variances of birth length and PI were greater in the latest birth cohorts and differed also across geographical-cultural regions. Shared environmental factors are important when explaining differences in the variation of birth size globally and over time.

Published
2018
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25. Genetic and environmental factors affecting birth size variation:a pooled individual-based analysis of secular trends and global geographical differences using 26 twin cohorts

Author

Yokoyama, Yoshie, Jelenkovic, Aline, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Sund, Reijo, Fagnani, Corrado, Stazi, Maria A., Brescianini, Sonia, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Rebato, Esther, Hopper, John L., Cutler, Tessa L., Saudino, Kimberly J., Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E. M., Willemsen, Gonneke, Harris, Jennifer R., Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S., Craig, Jeffrey M., Saffery, Richard, Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Brendgen, Mara, Dionne, Ginette, Vitaro, Frank, Haworth, Claire M. A., Plomin, Robert, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Rasmussen, Finn, Tynelius, Per, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Ooki, Syuichi, Rose, Richard J., Pietilainen, Kirsi H., Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Boomsma, Dorret I., Kaprio, Jaakko, Silventoinen, Karri, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Jelenkovic, Aline, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Sund, Reijo, Fagnani, Corrado, Stazi, Maria A., Brescianini, Sonia, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Rebato, Esther, Hopper, John L., Cutler, Tessa L., Saudino, Kimberly J., Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E. M., Willemsen, Gonneke, Harris, Jennifer R., Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S., Craig, Jeffrey M., Saffery, Richard, Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Brendgen, Mara, Dionne, Ginette, Vitaro, Frank, Haworth, Claire M. A., Plomin, Robert, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Rasmussen, Finn, Tynelius, Per, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Ooki, Syuichi, Rose, Richard J., Pietilainen, Kirsi H., Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Boomsma, Dorret I., Kaprio, Jaakko, and Silventoinen, Karri

Published
2018

26. Birth size and gestational age in opposite-sex twins as compared to same-sex twins:An individual-based pooled analysis of 21 cohorts

Author

Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Ullemar, Vilhelmina, Almqvist, Catarina, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E. M., Bogl, Leonie H., Pietilainen, Kirsi H., Vuoksimaa, Eero, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Rebato, Esther, Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Ooki, Syuichi, Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, Brescianini, Sonia, Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Brendgen, Mara, Dionne, Ginette, Vitaro, Frank, Cutler, Tessa L., Hopper, John L., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Craig, Jeffrey M., Saffery, Richard, Haworth, Claire M. A., Plomin, Robert, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Burt, S. Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L., Vlietinck, Robert F., Derom, Catherine A., Loos, Ruth J. F., Boomsma, Dorret I., Sorensen, Thorkild I.A., Kaprio, Jaakko, Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Ullemar, Vilhelmina, Almqvist, Catarina, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E. M., Bogl, Leonie H., Pietilainen, Kirsi H., Vuoksimaa, Eero, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Rebato, Esther, Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Ooki, Syuichi, Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, Brescianini, Sonia, Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Brendgen, Mara, Dionne, Ginette, Vitaro, Frank, Cutler, Tessa L., Hopper, John L., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Craig, Jeffrey M., Saffery, Richard, Haworth, Claire M. A., Plomin, Robert, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Burt, S. Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L., Vlietinck, Robert F., Derom, Catherine A., Loos, Ruth J. F., Boomsma, Dorret I., Sorensen, Thorkild I.A., Kaprio, Jaakko, and Silventoinen, Karri

Abstract

It is well established that boys are born heavier and longer than girls, but it remains unclear whether birth size in twins is affected by the sex of their co-twin. We conducted an individual-based pooled analysis of 21 twin cohorts in 15 countries derived from the COllaborative project of Development of Anthropometrical measures in Twins (CODATwins), including 67,850 dizygotic twin individuals. Linear regression analyses showed that boys having a co-twin sister were, on average, 31 g (95% CI 18 to 45) heavier and 0.16 cm (95% CI 0.045 to 0.274) longer than those with a co-twin brother. In girls, birth size was not associated (5 g birth weight; 95% CI -8 to -18 and -0.089 cm birth length; 95% CI -0.202 to 0.025) with the sex of the co-twin. Gestational age was slightly shorter in boy-boy pairs than in boy-girl and girl-girl pairs. When birth size was standardized by gestational age, the magnitude of the associations was attenuated in boys, particularly for birth weight. In conclusion, boys with a co-twin sister are heavier and longer at birth than those with a co-twin brother. However, these differences are modest and partly explained by a longer gestation in the presence of a co-twin sister.

Published
2018

27. Does The Sex Of One'S Co-Twin Affect Height And Bmi In Adulthood? A Study Of Dizygotic Adult Twins From 31 Cohorts

Author

Bogl, Leonie H., Jelenkovic, Aline, Vuoksimaa, Eero, Ahrenfeldt, Linda, Pietilainen, Kirsi H., Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, D'Ippolito, Cristina, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Silberg, Judy L., Eaves, Lindon J., Maes, Hermine H., Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Cutler, Tessa L., Kandler, Christian, Jang, Kerry L., Christensen, Kaare, and Skytthe, Axel

Abstract

Background: The comparison of traits in twins from opposite-sex (OS) and same-sex (SS) dizygotic twin pairs is considered a proxy measure of prenatal hormone exposure. To examine possible prenatal hormonal influences on anthropometric traits, we compared mean height, body mass index (BMI), and the prevalence of being overweight or obese between men and women from OS and SS dizygotic twin pairs.

Published
2017

28. The Healthy Twin Study, Korea Updates: Resources for Omics and Genome Epidemiology Studies

Author

Yong-Chul Hwang, Yun-Mi Song, Sarah Yang, Minjung Kho, GwangPyo Ko, Kayoung Lee, Joohon Sung, and Bayasgalan Gombojav

Subjects
Adult, Male, Longitudinal study, Genomics, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Computational biology, Bioinformatics, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Genome, Cohort Studies, Republic of Korea, Diseases in Twins, Twins, Dizygotic, Humans, Medicine, Registries, Genetics (clinical), Aged, Biological Specimen Banks, Aged, 80 and over, business.industry, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Twins, Monozygotic, Middle Aged, Omics, Biobank, Twin study, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Female, business, Biomarkers, Cohort study
Abstract

The Healthy Twin Study, Korea (HT) is an ongoing multi-center cohort study that was initiated in 2005, based on a nation-wide twin and family database. Since its inception, the HT has recruited 815 pairs of adult twins and a total of 3,690 individual twins and their families as of July 2012. Here we summarize updates since the previous report in 2006. Besides the increase in size, the HT has been enriched in several aspects: a biobank was constructed for ongoing and future omics studies; and genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism markers (Affymetrix GeneChip version 6.0, 1 M probes) have been analyzed for 2,200 individuals, which enabled gene identification studies for measured phenotypes. In addition, longitudinal study protocols were established through the HT and a second wave survey was finished in 2010 with >70% follow-up rate. The parallel genome research projects were recently launched, which would expedite multi-omics studies maximizing the twin potentials such as metagenomics and epigenetics studies, and endow us with resources for recruiting more participants. We submit this report to share updates and research opportunities from the HT.

Published
2012
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29. Smoking After Age 65 Years and Mortality: The Kangwha Cohort Study

Author

Bayasgalan Gombojav, Jae Woong Sull, Heechoul Ohrr, and Byung Heon Cha

Subjects
Gerontology, business.industry, Proportional hazards model, Hazard ratio, Disease, lcsh:Geriatrics, mortality, Confidence interval, smoking, lcsh:RC952-954.6, cardiovascular disease, Cohort, Risk of mortality, Medicine, Geriatrics and Gerontology, business, Cognitive impairment, Demography, Cohort study, cognitive impairment
Abstract

summary Background: The relationship between smoking and mortality in elderly people, especially in women, is unclear. The present paper examines the association between smoking and the risk of mortality due to all causes of death with a special focus on cardiovascular disease in elderly Korean men and women. Methods: This study followed a cohort of 2201 residents (934 males and 1267 females) in Kangwha county who were � 65 years of age. All patients were followed from March 1994 through December 31, 2005 (11.8 years) in order to determine cause-specific mortality. We calculated the hazard ratio of mortality according to smoking status using the Cox proportional hazard model. Results: During the 11.8 years of the study duration, 529 men and 498 women died. Current female smokers also demonstrated higher levels of cognitive impairment than nonsmokers. Current female smokers demonstrated significantly increased risks of mortality from deaths due to all causes and total cardiovascular disease in comparison with female nonsmokers. The hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of mortality was 1.32 (1.05e1.66) for all causes and 1.76 (1.10e2.82) for total cardiovascular disease. Current male smokers also demonstrated an increased risk of mortality due to all causes in comparison with male nonsmokers, but this outcome was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that smoking has a harmful effect on the risk of mortality due to cardiovascular diseases in elderly Korean women. However, these findings need to be confirmed by further studies. Copyright 2012, Taiwan Society of Geriatric Emergency & Critical Care Medicine. Published by Elsevier

Published
2012

30. Does the sex of one’s co-twin affect height and BMI in adulthood? A study of dizygotic adult twins from 31 cohorts

Author

Bogl, Leonie H., primary, Jelenkovic, Aline, additional, Vuoksimaa, Eero, additional, Ahrenfeldt, Linda, additional, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H., additional, Stazi, Maria A., additional, Fagnani, Corrado, additional, D’Ippolito, Cristina, additional, Hur, Yoon-Mi, additional, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, additional, Silberg, Judy L., additional, Eaves, Lindon J., additional, Maes, Hermine H., additional, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, additional, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, additional, Cutler, Tessa L., additional, Kandler, Christian, additional, Jang, Kerry L., additional, Christensen, Kaare, additional, Skytthe, Axel, additional, Kyvik, Kirsten O., additional, Cozen, Wendy, additional, Hwang, Amie E., additional, Mack, Thomas M., additional, Derom, Catherine A., additional, Vlietinck, Robert F., additional, Nelson, Tracy L., additional, Whitfield, Keith E., additional, Corley, Robin P., additional, Huibregtse, Brooke M., additional, McAdams, Tom A., additional, Eley, Thalia C., additional, Gregory, Alice M., additional, Krueger, Robert F., additional, McGue, Matt, additional, Pahlen, Shandell, additional, Willemsen, Gonneke, additional, Bartels, Meike, additional, van Beijsterveldt, Toos C. E. M., additional, Pang, Zengchang, additional, Tan, Qihua, additional, Zhang, Dongfeng, additional, Martin, Nicholas G., additional, Medland, Sarah E., additional, Montgomery, Grant W., additional, Hjelmborg, Jacob v. B., additional, Rebato, Esther, additional, Swan, Gary E., additional, Krasnow, Ruth, additional, Busjahn, Andreas, additional, Lichtenstein, Paul, additional, Öncel, Sevgi Y., additional, Aliev, Fazil, additional, Baker, Laura A., additional, Tuvblad, Catherine, additional, Siribaddana, Sisira H., additional, Hotopf, Matthew, additional, Sumathipala, Athula, additional, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, additional, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., additional, Pedersen, Nancy L., additional, Aslan, Anna K. Dahl, additional, Ordoñana, Juan R., additional, Sánchez-Romera, Juan F., additional, Colodro-Conde, Lucia, additional, Duncan, Glen E., additional, Buchwald, Dedra, additional, Tarnoki, Adam D., additional, Tarnoki, David L., additional, Yokoyama, Yoshie, additional, Hopper, John L., additional, Loos, Ruth J. F., additional, Boomsma, Dorret I., additional, Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., additional, Silventoinen, Karri, additional, and Kaprio, Jaakko, additional

Published
2017
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31. Family-Based Association Study of Pulmonary Function in a Population in Northeast Asia

Author

Jeong-Sun Seo, Ho Young Son, Mi Kyeong Lee, Danny S. Park, Hyun-Jin Kim, Sun Hwa Im, Hyung Lae Kim, Seong Wook Sohn, Kyung Up Min, Jong Il Kim, Bayasgalan Gombojav, Joohon Sung, and Hyouk Soo Kwon

Subjects
Adult, Male, Candidate gene, Asia, Adolescent, Science, Population, Genome-wide association study, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Locus (genetics), Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Pulmonary function testing, Young Adult, Medicine, Humans, education, Genetic association, Genetics, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, business.industry, Twin study, Respiratory Function Tests, Female, business, Research Article
Abstract

The spirometric measurement of pulmonary function by measuring the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) is a heritable trait that reflects the physiological condition of the lung and airways. Genome-wide linkage and association studies have identified a number of genes and genetic loci associated with pulmonary function. However, limited numbers of studies have been reported for Asian populations. In this study, we aimed to investigate genetic evidence of pulmonary function in a population in northeast Asia. We conducted a family-based association test with 706 GENDISCAN study participants from 72 Mongolian families to determine candidate genetic determinants of pulmonary function. For the replication, we chose seven candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the 5 loci, and tested 1062 SNPs for association with FEV1 from 2,729 subjects of the Korea Healthy Twin study. We identified TMEM132C as a potential candidate gene at 12q24.3, which is a previously reported locus of asthma and spirometric indices. We also found two adjacent candidate genes (UNC93A and TTLL2) in the 6q27 region, which has been previously identified as a pulmonary function locus in the Framingham cohort study. Our findings suggest that novel candidate genes (TMEM132C, UNC93A and TTLL2) in two different regions are associated with pulmonary function in a population in northeast Asia.

Published
2015

32. Does the sex of one’s co-twin affect height and BMI in adulthood? A study of dizygotic adult twins from 31 cohorts

Author

Fisiología, Genética, antropología física y fisiología animal, Fisiologia, Genetika,antropologia fisikoa eta animalien fisiologia, Bogl, Leonie H, Jelenkovic Moreno, Aline, Vuoksimaa, Eero, Ahrenfeldt, Linda, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H., Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, D’Ippolito, Cristina, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Silberg, Judy L., Eaves, Lindon J., Maes, Hermine H., Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Cutler, Tessa L., Kandler, Christian, Jang, Kerry L., Christensen, Kaare, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O., Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., McAdams, Tom A., Eley, Thalia C., Gregory, Alice M., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, Van Beijsterveldt, Toos C. E. M., Pang, Zengchang, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Hjelmborg, Jacob v. B., Rebato Ochoa, Esther Matilde, Swan, Gary E., Krasnow, Ruth, Busjahn, Andreas, Lichtenstein, Paul, Öncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Baker, Laura A., Tuvblad, Catherine, Siribaddana, Sisira H., Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Dahl Aslan, Anna K., Ordoñana Martín, Juan Ramón, Sánchez Romera, Juan Francisco, Colodro Conde, Lucia, Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Yokoyama, Yoshie, Hopper, John L., Loos, Ruth J. F., Boomsma, Dorret I., Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Silventoinen, Karri, Kaprio, Jaakko, Fisiología, Genética, antropología física y fisiología animal, Fisiologia, Genetika,antropologia fisikoa eta animalien fisiologia, Bogl, Leonie H, Jelenkovic Moreno, Aline, Vuoksimaa, Eero, Ahrenfeldt, Linda, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H., Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, D’Ippolito, Cristina, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Silberg, Judy L., Eaves, Lindon J., Maes, Hermine H., Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Cutler, Tessa L., Kandler, Christian, Jang, Kerry L., Christensen, Kaare, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O., Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., McAdams, Tom A., Eley, Thalia C., Gregory, Alice M., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, Van Beijsterveldt, Toos C. E. M., Pang, Zengchang, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Hjelmborg, Jacob v. B., Rebato Ochoa, Esther Matilde, Swan, Gary E., Krasnow, Ruth, Busjahn, Andreas, Lichtenstein, Paul, Öncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Baker, Laura A., Tuvblad, Catherine, Siribaddana, Sisira H., Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Dahl Aslan, Anna K., Ordoñana Martín, Juan Ramón, Sánchez Romera, Juan Francisco, Colodro Conde, Lucia, Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Yokoyama, Yoshie, Hopper, John L., Loos, Ruth J. F., Boomsma, Dorret I., Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Silventoinen, Karri, and Kaprio, Jaakko

Abstract

Background: The comparison of traits in twins from opposite-sex (OS) and same-sex (SS) dizygotic twin pairs is considered a proxy measure of prenatal hormone exposure. To examine possible prenatal hormonal influences on anthropometric traits, we compared mean height, body mass index (BMI), and the prevalence of being overweight or obese between men and women from OS and SS dizygotic twin pairs. Methods: The data were derived from the COllaborative project of Development of Anthropometrical measures in Twins (CODATwins) database, and included 68,494 SS and 53,808 OS dizygotic twin individuals above the age of 20 years from 31 twin cohorts representing 19 countries. Zygosity was determined by questionnaires or DNA genotyping depending on the study. Multiple regression and logistic regression models adjusted for cohort, age, and birth year with the twin type as a predictor were carried out to compare height and BMI in twins from OS pairs with those from SS pairs and to calculate the adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for being overweight or obese. Results: OS females were, on average, 0.31 cm (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.20, 0.41) taller than SS females. OS males were also, on average, taller than SS males, but this difference was only 0.14 cm (95% CI 0.02, 0.27). Mean BMI and the prevalence of overweight or obesity did not differ between males and females from SS and OS twin pairs. The statistically significant differences between OS and SS twins for height were small and appeared to reflect our large sample size rather than meaningful differences of public health relevance. Conclusions: We found no evidence to support the hypothesis that prenatal hormonal exposure or postnatal socialization (i.e., having grown up with a twin of the opposite sex) has a major impact on height and BMI in adulthood.

Published
2017

33. Genetic and environmental effects on body mass index from infancy to the onset of adulthood : an individual-based pooled analysis of 45 twin cohorts participating in the CODATwins study

Author

Silventoinen, Karri, Lachance, Geneviève, Jelenkovic, Aline, Boivin, Michel, Sund, Reijo, Fradette, Catherine, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Dionne, Ginette, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Dubois, Lise, Honda, Chika, Hjelmborg, Jacob B., Möller, Sören, Ooki, Syuichi, Aaltonen, Sari, Fuling, Ji, Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Willemsen, Gonneke, Rasmussen, Finn, Goldberg, Jack H., Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Boomsma, Dorret I., Kaprio, Jaakko, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato, Esther, Busjahn, Andreas, Kandler, Christian, Saudino, Kimberly Jane, Jang, Kerry L., Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Gao, Wenjing, Yu, Canqing, Li, Liming, Corley, Robin, Huibregtse, Brooke M., Christensen, Kaare, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O., Vlietinck, Robert, Loos, Ruth, Heikkilä, Kauko, Wardle, Jane, Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, McAdams, Tom A., Eley, Thalia C., Gregory, Alice M., He, Mingguang, Ding, Xiaohu, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Tárnoki, Ádám Domonkos, Tárnoki, Dávid László, Stazi, Maria Antonietta, Fagnani, Corrado, D'Ippolito, Cristina, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Burt, S. Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L., Silberg, Judy L., Eaves, L. J., Maes, Hermine H., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matthew, Pahlen, Shandell, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Bartels, Meike, Beijsterveldt, C. E. M. van, Craig, Jeffrey M., Saffery, Richard, Freitas, Duarte L., Maia, José António, Brendgen, Mara Rosemarie, Vitaro, Frank, Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Chong, Youngsook, Swan, Gary E., Krasnow, Ruth, Magnusson, Patrik, Pedersen, Nancy L., Tynelius, Per, Lichtenstein, Paul, Haworth, Claire M. A., Plomin, Robert, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Harden, K. Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot Max, Öncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Spector, T. D., Mangino, Massimo, Baker, Laura Ann, Tuvblad, Catherine, Silventoinen, Karri, Lachance, Geneviève, Jelenkovic, Aline, Boivin, Michel, Sund, Reijo, Fradette, Catherine, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Dionne, Ginette, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Dubois, Lise, Honda, Chika, Hjelmborg, Jacob B., Möller, Sören, Ooki, Syuichi, Aaltonen, Sari, Fuling, Ji, Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Willemsen, Gonneke, Rasmussen, Finn, Goldberg, Jack H., Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Boomsma, Dorret I., Kaprio, Jaakko, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato, Esther, Busjahn, Andreas, Kandler, Christian, Saudino, Kimberly Jane, Jang, Kerry L., Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Gao, Wenjing, Yu, Canqing, Li, Liming, Corley, Robin, Huibregtse, Brooke M., Christensen, Kaare, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O., Vlietinck, Robert, Loos, Ruth, Heikkilä, Kauko, Wardle, Jane, Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, McAdams, Tom A., Eley, Thalia C., Gregory, Alice M., He, Mingguang, Ding, Xiaohu, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Tárnoki, Ádám Domonkos, Tárnoki, Dávid László, Stazi, Maria Antonietta, Fagnani, Corrado, D'Ippolito, Cristina, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Burt, S. Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L., Silberg, Judy L., Eaves, L. J., Maes, Hermine H., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matthew, Pahlen, Shandell, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Bartels, Meike, Beijsterveldt, C. E. M. van, Craig, Jeffrey M., Saffery, Richard, Freitas, Duarte L., Maia, José António, Brendgen, Mara Rosemarie, Vitaro, Frank, Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Chong, Youngsook, Swan, Gary E., Krasnow, Ruth, Magnusson, Patrik, Pedersen, Nancy L., Tynelius, Per, Lichtenstein, Paul, Haworth, Claire M. A., Plomin, Robert, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Harden, K. Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot Max, Öncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Spector, T. D., Mangino, Massimo, Baker, Laura Ann, and Tuvblad, Catherine

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Both genetic and environmental factors are known to affect body mass index (BMI), but detailed understanding of how their effects differ during childhood and adolescence is lacking. OBJECTIVES: We analyzed the genetic and environmental contributions to BMI variation from infancy to early adulthood and the ways they differ by sex and geographic regions representing high (North America and Australia), moderate (Europe), and low levels (East Asia) of obesogenic environments. DESIGN: Data were available for 87,782 complete twin pairs from 0.5 to 19.5 y of age from 45 cohorts. Analyses were based on 383,092 BMI measurements. Variation in BMI was decomposed into genetic and environmental components through genetic structural equation modeling. RESULTS: The variance of BMI increased from 5 y of age along with increasing mean BMI. The proportion of BMI variation explained by additive genetic factors was lowest at 4 y of age in boys (a(2) = 0.42) and girls (a(2) = 0.41) and then generally increased to 0.75 in both sexes at 19 y of age. This was because of a stronger influence of environmental factors shared by co-twins in midchildhood. After 15 y of age, the effect of shared environment was not observed. The sex-specific expression of genetic factors was seen in infancy but was most prominent at 13 y of age and older. The variance of BMI was highest in North America and Australia and lowest in East Asia, but the relative proportion of genetic variation to total variation remained roughly similar across different regions. CONCLUSIONS: Environmental factors shared by co-twins affect BMI in childhood, but little evidence for their contribution was found in late adolescence. Our results suggest that genetic factors play a major role in the variation of BMI in adolescence among populations of different ethnicities exposed to different environmental factors related to obesity.

Published
2017

34. Does the sex of one's co-twin affect height and BMI in adulthood?:A study of dizygotic adult twins from 31 cohorts

Author

Bogl, Leonie H, Jelenkovic, Aline, Vuoksimaa, Eero, Ahrenfeldt, Linda, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H, Stazi, Maria A, Fagnani, Corrado, D'Ippolito, Cristina, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Silberg, Judy L, Eaves, Lindon J, Maes, Hermine H, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Cutler, Tessa L, Kandler, Christian, Jang, Kerry L, Christensen, Kaare, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O, Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E, Mack, Thomas M, Derom, Catherine A, Vlietinck, Robert F, Nelson, Tracy L, Whitfield, Keith E, Corley, Robin P, Huibregtse, Brooke M, McAdams, Tom A, Eley, Thalia C, Gregory, Alice M, Krueger, Robert F, McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Toos C E M, Pang, Zengchang, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Martin, Nicholas G, Medland, Sarah E, Montgomery, Grant W, Hjelmborg, Jacob V B, Rebato, Esther, Swan, Gary E, Krasnow, Ruth, Busjahn, Andreas, Lichtenstein, Paul, Öncel, Sevgi Y, Aliev, Fazil, Baker, Laura A, Tuvblad, Catherine, Siribaddana, Sisira H, Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Magnusson, Patrik K E, Pedersen, Nancy L, Aslan, Anna K Dahl, Ordoñana, Juan R, Sánchez-Romera, Juan F, Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Duncan, Glen E, Buchwald, Dedra, Tarnoki, Adam D, Tarnoki, David L, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Hopper, John L, Loos, Ruth J F, Boomsma, Dorret I, Sørensen, Thorkild I A, Silventoinen, Karri, Kaprio, Jaakko, Bogl, Leonie H, Jelenkovic, Aline, Vuoksimaa, Eero, Ahrenfeldt, Linda, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H, Stazi, Maria A, Fagnani, Corrado, D'Ippolito, Cristina, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Silberg, Judy L, Eaves, Lindon J, Maes, Hermine H, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Cutler, Tessa L, Kandler, Christian, Jang, Kerry L, Christensen, Kaare, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O, Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E, Mack, Thomas M, Derom, Catherine A, Vlietinck, Robert F, Nelson, Tracy L, Whitfield, Keith E, Corley, Robin P, Huibregtse, Brooke M, McAdams, Tom A, Eley, Thalia C, Gregory, Alice M, Krueger, Robert F, McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Toos C E M, Pang, Zengchang, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Martin, Nicholas G, Medland, Sarah E, Montgomery, Grant W, Hjelmborg, Jacob V B, Rebato, Esther, Swan, Gary E, Krasnow, Ruth, Busjahn, Andreas, Lichtenstein, Paul, Öncel, Sevgi Y, Aliev, Fazil, Baker, Laura A, Tuvblad, Catherine, Siribaddana, Sisira H, Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Magnusson, Patrik K E, Pedersen, Nancy L, Aslan, Anna K Dahl, Ordoñana, Juan R, Sánchez-Romera, Juan F, Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Duncan, Glen E, Buchwald, Dedra, Tarnoki, Adam D, Tarnoki, David L, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Hopper, John L, Loos, Ruth J F, Boomsma, Dorret I, Sørensen, Thorkild I A, Silventoinen, Karri, and Kaprio, Jaakko

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The comparison of traits in twins from opposite-sex (OS) and same-sex (SS) dizygotic twin pairs is considered a proxy measure of prenatal hormone exposure. To examine possible prenatal hormonal influences on anthropometric traits, we compared mean height, body mass index (BMI), and the prevalence of being overweight or obese between men and women from OS and SS dizygotic twin pairs.METHODS: The data were derived from the COllaborative project of Development of Anthropometrical measures in Twins (CODATwins) database, and included 68,494 SS and 53,808 OS dizygotic twin individuals above the age of 20 years from 31 twin cohorts representing 19 countries. Zygosity was determined by questionnaires or DNA genotyping depending on the study. Multiple regression and logistic regression models adjusted for cohort, age, and birth year with the twin type as a predictor were carried out to compare height and BMI in twins from OS pairs with those from SS pairs and to calculate the adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for being overweight or obese.RESULTS: OS females were, on average, 0.31 cm (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.20, 0.41) taller than SS females. OS males were also, on average, taller than SS males, but this difference was only 0.14 cm (95% CI 0.02, 0.27). Mean BMI and the prevalence of overweight or obesity did not differ between males and females from SS and OS twin pairs. The statistically significant differences between OS and SS twins for height were small and appeared to reflect our large sample size rather than meaningful differences of public health relevance.CONCLUSIONS: We found no evidence to support the hypothesis that prenatal hormonal exposure or postnatal socialization (i.e., having grown up with a twin of the opposite sex) has a major impact on height and BMI in adulthood.

Published
2017

35. Differences in genetic and environmental variation in adult BMI by sex, age, time period, and region:an individual-based pooled analysis of 40 twin cohorts

Author

Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E, Mack, Thomas M, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Iwatani, Yoshinori, Watanabe, Mikio, Tomizawa, Rie, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H, Rissanen, Aila, Siribaddana, Sisira H, Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Pang, Zengchang, Piirtola, Maarit, Aaltonen, Sari, Öncel, Sevgi Y, Aliev, Fazil, Rebato, Esther, Hjelmborg, Jacob B, Christensen, Kaare, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O, Silberg, Judy L, Eaves, Lindon J, Cutler, Tessa L, Ordoñana, Juan R, Sánchez-Romera, Juan F, Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Song, Yun-Mi, Yang, Sarah, Lee, Kayoung, Franz, Carol E, Kremen, William S, Lyons, Michael J, Busjahn, Andreas, Nelson, Tracy L, Whitfield, Keith E, Kandler, Christian, Jang, Kerry L, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A, Stazi, Maria A, Fagnani, Corrado, D'Ippolito, Cristina, Duncan, Glen E, Buchwald, Dedra, Martin, Nicholas G, Medland, Sarah E, Montgomery, Grant W, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Swan, Gary E, Krasnow, Ruth, Magnusson, Patrik Ke, Pedersen, Nancy L, Dahl Aslan, Anna K, McAdams, Tom A, Eley, Thalia C, Gregory, Alice M, Tynelius, Per, Baker, Laura A, Tuvblad, Catherine, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Spector, Timothy D, Mangino, Massimo, Lachance, Genevieve, Burt, S Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L, Harris, Jennifer R, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S, Krueger, Robert F, McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Corley, Robin P, Huibregtse, Brooke M, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Catharina Em, Willemsen, Gonneke, Goldberg, Jack H, Rasmussen, Finn, Tarnoki, Adam D, Tarnoki, David L, Derom, Catherine A, Vlietinck, Robert F, Loos, Ruth Jf, Hopper, John L, Sung, Joohon, Maes, Hermine H, Turkheimer, Eric, Boomsma, Dorret I, Sørensen, Thorkild Ia, Kaprio, Jaakko, Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E, Mack, Thomas M, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Iwatani, Yoshinori, Watanabe, Mikio, Tomizawa, Rie, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H, Rissanen, Aila, Siribaddana, Sisira H, Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Pang, Zengchang, Piirtola, Maarit, Aaltonen, Sari, Öncel, Sevgi Y, Aliev, Fazil, Rebato, Esther, Hjelmborg, Jacob B, Christensen, Kaare, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O, Silberg, Judy L, Eaves, Lindon J, Cutler, Tessa L, Ordoñana, Juan R, Sánchez-Romera, Juan F, Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Song, Yun-Mi, Yang, Sarah, Lee, Kayoung, Franz, Carol E, Kremen, William S, Lyons, Michael J, Busjahn, Andreas, Nelson, Tracy L, Whitfield, Keith E, Kandler, Christian, Jang, Kerry L, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A, Stazi, Maria A, Fagnani, Corrado, D'Ippolito, Cristina, Duncan, Glen E, Buchwald, Dedra, Martin, Nicholas G, Medland, Sarah E, Montgomery, Grant W, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Swan, Gary E, Krasnow, Ruth, Magnusson, Patrik Ke, Pedersen, Nancy L, Dahl Aslan, Anna K, McAdams, Tom A, Eley, Thalia C, Gregory, Alice M, Tynelius, Per, Baker, Laura A, Tuvblad, Catherine, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Spector, Timothy D, Mangino, Massimo, Lachance, Genevieve, Burt, S Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L, Harris, Jennifer R, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S, Krueger, Robert F, McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Corley, Robin P, Huibregtse, Brooke M, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Catharina Em, Willemsen, Gonneke, Goldberg, Jack H, Rasmussen, Finn, Tarnoki, Adam D, Tarnoki, David L, Derom, Catherine A, Vlietinck, Robert F, Loos, Ruth Jf, Hopper, John L, Sung, Joohon, Maes, Hermine H, Turkheimer, Eric, Boomsma, Dorret I, Sørensen, Thorkild Ia, and Kaprio, Jaakko

Abstract

Background: Genes and the environment contribute to variation in adult body mass index [BMI (in kg/m(2))], but factors modifying these variance components are poorly understood.Objective: We analyzed genetic and environmental variation in BMI between men and women from young adulthood to old age from the 1940s to the 2000s and between cultural-geographic regions representing high (North America and Australia), moderate (Europe), and low (East Asia) prevalence of obesity.Design: We used genetic structural equation modeling to analyze BMI in twins ≥20 y of age from 40 cohorts representing 20 countries (140,379 complete twin pairs).Results: The heritability of BMI decreased from 0.77 (95% CI: 0.77, 0.78) and 0.75 (95% CI: 0.74, 0.75) in men and women 20-29 y of age to 0.57 (95% CI: 0.54, 0.60) and 0.59 (95% CI: 0.53, 0.65) in men 70-79 y of age and women 80 y of age, respectively. The relative influence of unique environmental factors correspondingly increased. Differences in the sets of genes affecting BMI in men and women increased from 20-29 to 60-69 y of age. Mean BMI and variances in BMI increased from the 1940s to the 2000s and were greatest in North America and Australia, followed by Europe and East Asia. However, heritability estimates were largely similar over measurement years and between regions. There was no evidence of environmental factors shared by co-twins affecting BMI.Conclusions: The heritability of BMI decreased and differences in the sets of genes affecting BMI in men and women increased from young adulthood to old age. The heritability of BMI was largely similar between cultural-geographic regions and measurement years, despite large differences in mean BMI and variances in BMI. Our results show a strong influence of genetic factors on BMI, especially in early adulthood, regardless of the obesity level in the population.

Published
2017

36. Association between birthweight and later body mass index:an individual-based pooled analysis of 27 twin cohorts participating in the CODATwins project

Author

Jelenkovic, Aline, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Sund, Reijo, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Toos Cem, Ooki, Syuichi, Saudino, Kimberly J, Stazi, Maria A, Fagnani, Corrado, D'Ippolito, Cristina, Nelson, Tracy L, Whitfield, Keith E, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Heikkilä, Kauko, Cutler, Tessa L, Hopper, John L, Wardle, Jane, Llewellyn, Clare H, Fisher, Abigail, Corley, Robin P, Huibregtse, Brooke M, Derom, Catherine A, Vlietinck, Robert F, Loos, Ruth Jf, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Tarnoki, Adam D, Tarnoki, David L, Burt, S Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L, Ordoñana, Juan R, Sánchez-Romera, Juan F, Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Brendgen, Mara, Dionne, Ginette, Vitaro, Frank, Harris, Jennifer R, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, Craig, Jeffrey M, Saffery, Richard, Rasmussen, Finn, Tynelius, Per, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Haworth, Claire Ma, Plomin, Robert, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato, Esther, Krueger, Robert F, McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Boomsma, Dorret I, Sørensen, Thorkild Ia, Kaprio, Jaakko, Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Sund, Reijo, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Toos Cem, Ooki, Syuichi, Saudino, Kimberly J, Stazi, Maria A, Fagnani, Corrado, D'Ippolito, Cristina, Nelson, Tracy L, Whitfield, Keith E, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Heikkilä, Kauko, Cutler, Tessa L, Hopper, John L, Wardle, Jane, Llewellyn, Clare H, Fisher, Abigail, Corley, Robin P, Huibregtse, Brooke M, Derom, Catherine A, Vlietinck, Robert F, Loos, Ruth Jf, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Tarnoki, Adam D, Tarnoki, David L, Burt, S Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L, Ordoñana, Juan R, Sánchez-Romera, Juan F, Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Brendgen, Mara, Dionne, Ginette, Vitaro, Frank, Harris, Jennifer R, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, Craig, Jeffrey M, Saffery, Richard, Rasmussen, Finn, Tynelius, Per, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Haworth, Claire Ma, Plomin, Robert, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato, Esther, Krueger, Robert F, McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Boomsma, Dorret I, Sørensen, Thorkild Ia, Kaprio, Jaakko, and Silventoinen, Karri

Abstract

Background: There is evidence that birthweight is positively associated with body mass index (BMI) in later life, but it remains unclear whether this is explained by genetic factors or the intrauterine environment. We analysed the association between birthweight and BMI from infancy to adulthood within twin pairs, which provides insights into the role of genetic and environmental individual-specific factors.Methods: This study is based on the data from 27 twin cohorts in 17 countries. The pooled data included 78 642 twin individuals (20 635 monozygotic and 18 686 same-sex dizygotic twin pairs) with information on birthweight and a total of 214 930 BMI measurements at ages ranging from 1 to 49 years. The association between birthweight and BMI was analysed at both the individual and within-pair levels using linear regression analyses.Results: At the individual level, a 1-kg increase in birthweight was linearly associated with up to 0.9 kg/m 2 higher BMI ( P < 0.001). Within twin pairs, regression coefficients were generally greater (up to 1.2 kg/m 2 per kg birthweight, P < 0.001) than those from the individual-level analyses. Intra-pair associations between birthweight and later BMI were similar in both zygosity groups and sexes and were lower in adulthood.Conclusions: These findings indicate that environmental factors unique to each individual have an important role in the positive association between birthweight and later BMI, at least until young adulthood.

Published
2017

37. Population based study of the association between binge drinking and mortality from cancer of oropharynx and esophagus in Korean men: the Kangwha cohort study

Author

Heechoul Ohrr, Chung Mo Nam, Eun Cheol Park, Sang Hyuk Jung, Bayasgalan Gombojav, and Jong Uk Won

Subjects
Male, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Esophageal Neoplasms, Epidemiology, Binge drinking, Binge Drinking, Cohort Studies, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Republic of Korea, Risk of mortality, medicine, Humans, Aged, Proportional Hazards Models, business.industry, Proportional hazards model, Hazard ratio, Carcinoma, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Cancer, Esophageal cancer, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Surgery, Oropharyngeal Neoplasms, Oncology, Cohort, business, Cohort study
Abstract

We assessed the association between frequency of heavy binge drinking and mortality from oropharynx and esophagus cancer after controlling for the total volume of alcohol intake among Korean men. The cohort comprised 2,677 male residents in Kangwha County, aged 55 or older in March 1985, for their upper digestive tract cancer mortality for 20.8 years up to December 31, 2005. For daily binge drinkers versus non-drinkers, the hazard ratios (95% Cls) for mortality were 4.82 (1.36, 17.1) and 6.75 (1.45, 31.4) for oropharyngeal and esophageal cancers, respectively. Even after adjusting for the volume of alcohol intake, we found the hazard ratios for frequency of binge drinking and mortality of oropharyngeal or esophageal cancer to not change appreciably: the hazard ratios were 4.90 (1.00, 27.0) and 7.17 (1.02, 50.6), respectively. For esophageal cancer, there was a strong dose-response relationship. The frequency of heavy binge drinking and not just the volume of alcohol intake may increase the risk of mortality from upper digestive tract cancer, particularly esophageal cancer in Korean men. These findings need to be confirmed in further studies with a larger sample size.

Published
2014

38. Genetic and environmental effects on body mass index from infancy to the onset of adulthood : an individual-based pooled analysis of 45 twin cohorts participating in the CODATwins study

Author

Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Honda, Chika, Hjelmborg, Jacob B., Möller, Sören, Ooki, Syuichi, Aaltonen, Sari, Fuling, Ji, Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Willemsen, Gonneke, Rasmussen, Finn, Goldberg, Jack H., Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Boomsma, Dorret I., Kaprio, Jaakko, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato, Esther, Busjahn, Andreas, Kandler, Christian, Saudino, Kimberly Jane, Jang, Kerry L., Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Gao, Wenjing, Yu, Canqing, Li, Liming, Corley, Robin, Huibregtse, Brooke M., Christensen, Kaare, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O., Derom, Catherine, Vlietinck, Robert, Loos, Ruth, Heikkilä, Kauko, Wardle, Jane, Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, McAdams, Tom A., Eley, Thalia C., Gregory, Alice M., He, Mingguang, Ding, Xiaohu, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Tárnoki, Ádám Domonkos, Tárnoki, Dávid László, Stazi, Maria Antonietta, Fagnani, Corrado, D'Ippolito, Cristina, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Burt, S. Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L., Silberg, Judy L., Eaves, L. J., Maes, Hermine H., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matthew, Pahlen, Shandell, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Bartels, Meike, Beijsterveldt, C. E. M. van, Craig, Jeffrey M., Saffery, Richard, Freitas, Duarte L., Maia, José António, Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Brendgen, Mara Rosemarie, Dionne, Ginette, Vitaro, Frank, Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Chong, Youngsook, Swan, Gary E., Krasnow, Ruth, Magnusson, Patrik, Pedersen, Nancy L., Tynelius, Per, Lichtenstein, Paul, Haworth, Claire M. A., Plomin, Robert, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Harden, K. Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot Max, Öncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Spector, T. D., Mangino, Massimo, Lachance, Geneviève, Baker, Laura Ann, Tuvblad, Catherine, Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Honda, Chika, Hjelmborg, Jacob B., Möller, Sören, Ooki, Syuichi, Aaltonen, Sari, Fuling, Ji, Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Willemsen, Gonneke, Rasmussen, Finn, Goldberg, Jack H., Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Boomsma, Dorret I., Kaprio, Jaakko, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato, Esther, Busjahn, Andreas, Kandler, Christian, Saudino, Kimberly Jane, Jang, Kerry L., Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Gao, Wenjing, Yu, Canqing, Li, Liming, Corley, Robin, Huibregtse, Brooke M., Christensen, Kaare, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O., Derom, Catherine, Vlietinck, Robert, Loos, Ruth, Heikkilä, Kauko, Wardle, Jane, Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, McAdams, Tom A., Eley, Thalia C., Gregory, Alice M., He, Mingguang, Ding, Xiaohu, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Tárnoki, Ádám Domonkos, Tárnoki, Dávid László, Stazi, Maria Antonietta, Fagnani, Corrado, D'Ippolito, Cristina, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Burt, S. Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L., Silberg, Judy L., Eaves, L. J., Maes, Hermine H., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matthew, Pahlen, Shandell, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Bartels, Meike, Beijsterveldt, C. E. M. van, Craig, Jeffrey M., Saffery, Richard, Freitas, Duarte L., Maia, José António, Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Brendgen, Mara Rosemarie, Dionne, Ginette, Vitaro, Frank, Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Chong, Youngsook, Swan, Gary E., Krasnow, Ruth, Magnusson, Patrik, Pedersen, Nancy L., Tynelius, Per, Lichtenstein, Paul, Haworth, Claire M. A., Plomin, Robert, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Harden, K. Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot Max, Öncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Spector, T. D., Mangino, Massimo, Lachance, Geneviève, Baker, Laura Ann, and Tuvblad, Catherine

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Both genetic and environmental factors are known to affect body mass index (BMI), but detailed understanding of how their effects differ during childhood and adolescence is lacking. OBJECTIVES: We analyzed the genetic and environmental contributions to BMI variation from infancy to early adulthood and the ways they differ by sex and geographic regions representing high (North America and Australia), moderate (Europe), and low levels (East Asia) of obesogenic environments. DESIGN: Data were available for 87,782 complete twin pairs from 0.5 to 19.5 y of age from 45 cohorts. Analyses were based on 383,092 BMI measurements. Variation in BMI was decomposed into genetic and environmental components through genetic structural equation modeling. RESULTS: The variance of BMI increased from 5 y of age along with increasing mean BMI. The proportion of BMI variation explained by additive genetic factors was lowest at 4 y of age in boys (a(2) = 0.42) and girls (a(2) = 0.41) and then generally increased to 0.75 in both sexes at 19 y of age. This was because of a stronger influence of environmental factors shared by co-twins in midchildhood. After 15 y of age, the effect of shared environment was not observed. The sex-specific expression of genetic factors was seen in infancy but was most prominent at 13 y of age and older. The variance of BMI was highest in North America and Australia and lowest in East Asia, but the relative proportion of genetic variation to total variation remained roughly similar across different regions. CONCLUSIONS: Environmental factors shared by co-twins affect BMI in childhood, but little evidence for their contribution was found in late adolescence. Our results suggest that genetic factors play a major role in the variation of BMI in adolescence among populations of different ethnicities exposed to different environmental factors related to obesity.

Published
2016

39. Genetic and environmental influences on height from infancy to early adulthood

Author

University of Helsinki, Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Clinicum, Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Hjelmborg, Jacob V. B., Moller, Soren, Honda, Chika, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Ooki, Syuichi, Aaltonen, Sari, Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, D'Ippolito, Cristina, Freitas, Duarte L., Maia, Jose Antonio, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato, Esther, Busjahn, Andreas, Kandler, Christian, Saudino, Kimberly J., Jang, Kerry L., Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Gao, Wenjing, Yu, Canqing, Li, Liming, Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Heikkila, Kauko, Wardle, Jane, Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, McAdams, Tom A., Eley, Thalia C., Gregory, Alice M., He, Mingguang, Ding, Xiaohu, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Burt, S. Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L., Silberg, Judy L., Eaves, Lindon J., Maes, Hermine H., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Toos C. E. M., Craig, Jeffrey M., Saffery, Richard, Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Brendgen, Mara, Dionne, Ginette, Vitaro, Frank, Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Swan, Gary E., Krasnow, Ruth, Tynelius, Per, Lichtenstein, Paul, Haworth, Claire M. A., Plomin, Robert, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Harden, K. Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M., Spector, Timothy, Mangino, Massimo, Lachance, Genevieve, Baker, Laura A., Tuvblad, Catherine, Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Willemsen, Gonneke, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O., Christensen, Kaare, Oncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Rasmussen, Finn, Goldberg, Jack H., Sorensen, Thorkild I. A., Boomsma, Dorret I., Kaprio, Jaakko, Silventoinen, Karri, University of Helsinki, Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Clinicum, Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Hjelmborg, Jacob V. B., Moller, Soren, Honda, Chika, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Ooki, Syuichi, Aaltonen, Sari, Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, D'Ippolito, Cristina, Freitas, Duarte L., Maia, Jose Antonio, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato, Esther, Busjahn, Andreas, Kandler, Christian, Saudino, Kimberly J., Jang, Kerry L., Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Gao, Wenjing, Yu, Canqing, Li, Liming, Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Heikkila, Kauko, Wardle, Jane, Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, McAdams, Tom A., Eley, Thalia C., Gregory, Alice M., He, Mingguang, Ding, Xiaohu, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Burt, S. Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L., Silberg, Judy L., Eaves, Lindon J., Maes, Hermine H., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Toos C. E. M., Craig, Jeffrey M., Saffery, Richard, Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Brendgen, Mara, Dionne, Ginette, Vitaro, Frank, Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Swan, Gary E., Krasnow, Ruth, Tynelius, Per, Lichtenstein, Paul, Haworth, Claire M. A., Plomin, Robert, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Harden, K. Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M., Spector, Timothy, Mangino, Massimo, Lachance, Genevieve, Baker, Laura A., Tuvblad, Catherine, Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Willemsen, Gonneke, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O., Christensen, Kaare, Oncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Rasmussen, Finn, Goldberg, Jack H., Sorensen, Thorkild I. A., Boomsma, Dorret I., Kaprio, Jaakko, and Silventoinen, Karri

Abstract

Height variation is known to be determined by both genetic and environmental factors, but a systematic description of how their influences differ by sex, age and global regions is lacking. We conducted an individual-based pooled analysis of 45 twin cohorts from 20 countries, including 180,520 paired measurements at ages 1-19 years. The proportion of height variation explained by shared environmental factors was greatest in early childhood, but these effects remained present until early adulthood. Accordingly, the relative genetic contribution increased with age and was greatest in adolescence (up to 0.83 in boys and 0.76 in girls). Comparing geographic-cultural regions (Europe, North-America and Australia, and East-Asia), genetic variance was greatest in North-America and Australia and lowest in East-Asia, but the relative proportion of genetic variation was roughly similar across these regions. Our findings provide further insights into height variation during childhood and adolescence in populations representing different ethnicities and exposed to different environments.

Published
2016

40. Genetic and environmental influences on adult human height across birth cohorts from 1886 to 1994

Author

Jelenkovic, Aline, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Sund, Reijo, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Siribaddana, Sisira H., Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Pang, Zengchang, Aaltonen, Sari, Heikkila, Kauko, Oncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Rebato, Esther, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Christensen, Kaare, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O., Silberg, Judy L., Eaves, Lindon J., Maes, Hermine H., Cutler, Tessa L., Hopper, John L., Ordonana, Juan R., Sanchez-Romera, Juan F., Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Sun, Joohon, Song, Yun-Mi, Yang, Sarah, Lee, Kayoung, Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Busjahn, Andreas, Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Kandler, Christian, Jang, Kerry L., Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, D'Ippolito, Cristina, Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Swan, Gary E., Krasnow, Ruth, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Dahl-Aslan, Anna K., McAdams, Tom A., Eley, Thalia C., Gregory, Alice M., Tynelius, Per, Baker, Laura A., Tuvblad, Catherine, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Lichtenstein, Paul, Spector, Timothy D., Mangino, Massimo, Lachance, Genevieve, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Toos C. E. M., Willemsen, Gonneke, Burt, S. Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L., Harris, Jennifer R., Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Corley, Robin P., Hjelmborg, Jacob v B., Goldberg, Jack H., Iwatani, Yoshinori, Watanabe, Mikio, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Rasmussen, Finn, Huibregtse, Brooke M., Boomsma, Dorret I., Sørensen, Thorkild I.A., Kaprio, Jaakko, Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Sund, Reijo, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Siribaddana, Sisira H., Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Pang, Zengchang, Aaltonen, Sari, Heikkila, Kauko, Oncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Rebato, Esther, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Christensen, Kaare, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O., Silberg, Judy L., Eaves, Lindon J., Maes, Hermine H., Cutler, Tessa L., Hopper, John L., Ordonana, Juan R., Sanchez-Romera, Juan F., Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Sun, Joohon, Song, Yun-Mi, Yang, Sarah, Lee, Kayoung, Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Busjahn, Andreas, Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Kandler, Christian, Jang, Kerry L., Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, D'Ippolito, Cristina, Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Swan, Gary E., Krasnow, Ruth, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Dahl-Aslan, Anna K., McAdams, Tom A., Eley, Thalia C., Gregory, Alice M., Tynelius, Per, Baker, Laura A., Tuvblad, Catherine, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Lichtenstein, Paul, Spector, Timothy D., Mangino, Massimo, Lachance, Genevieve, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Toos C. E. M., Willemsen, Gonneke, Burt, S. Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L., Harris, Jennifer R., Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Corley, Robin P., Hjelmborg, Jacob v B., Goldberg, Jack H., Iwatani, Yoshinori, Watanabe, Mikio, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Rasmussen, Finn, Huibregtse, Brooke M., Boomsma, Dorret I., Sørensen, Thorkild I.A., Kaprio, Jaakko, and Silventoinen, Karri

Abstract

Human height variation is determined by genetic and environmental factors, but it remains unclear whether their influences differ across birth-year cohorts. We conducted an individual-based pooled analysis of 40 twin cohorts including 143,390 complete twin pairs born 1886–1994. Although genetic variance showed a generally increasing trend across the birth-year cohorts, heritability estimates (0.69-0.84 in men and 0.53-0.78 in women) did not present any clear pattern of secular changes. Comparing geographic-cultural regions (Europe, North America and Australia, and East Asia), total height variance was greatest in North America and Australia and lowest in East Asia, but no clear pattern in the heritability estimates across the birth-year cohorts emerged. Our findings do not support the hypothesis that heritability of height is lower in populations with low living standards than in affluent populations, nor that heritability of height will increase within a population as living standards improve.

Published
2016

41. Genetic and environmental effects on body mass index from infancy to the onset of adulthood:an individual-based pooled analysis of 45 twin cohorts participating in the COllaborative project of Development of Anthropometrical measures in Twins (CODATwins) study

Author

Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Honda, Chika, Hjelmborg, Jacob vB, Møller, Søren, Ooki, Syuichi, Aaltonen, Sari, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato, Esther, Busjahn, Andreas, Kandler, Christian, Saudino, Kimberly J., Jang, Kerry L., Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Gao, Wenjing, Yu, Canqing, Li, Liming, Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Christensen, Kaare, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O, Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Heikkila, Kauko, Wardle, Jane, Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, McAdams, Tom A., Eley, Thalia C., Gregory, Alice M., He, Mingguang, Ding, Xiaohu, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, D'Ippolito, Cristina, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Burt, S. Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L., Silberg, Judy L., Eaves, Lindon J., Maes, Hermine H., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Toos C. E. M., Craig, Jeffrey M., Saffery, Richard, Freitas, Duarte L., Maia, Jose Antonio, Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Brendgen, Mara, Dionne, Ginette, Vitaro, Frank, Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Chong, Youngsook, Swan, Gary E., Krasnow, Ruth, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Tynelius, Per, Lichtenstein, Paul, Haworth, Claire M. A., Plomin, Robert, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Harden, K. Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M., Oncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Spector, Timothy, Mangino, Massimo, Lachance, Genevieve, Baker, Laura A., Tuvblad, Catherine, Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Willemsen, Gonneke, Rasmussen, Finn, Goldberg, Jack H., Sørensen, Thorkild I.A., Boomsma, Dorret I., Kaprio, Jaakko, Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Honda, Chika, Hjelmborg, Jacob vB, Møller, Søren, Ooki, Syuichi, Aaltonen, Sari, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato, Esther, Busjahn, Andreas, Kandler, Christian, Saudino, Kimberly J., Jang, Kerry L., Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Gao, Wenjing, Yu, Canqing, Li, Liming, Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Christensen, Kaare, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O, Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Heikkila, Kauko, Wardle, Jane, Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, McAdams, Tom A., Eley, Thalia C., Gregory, Alice M., He, Mingguang, Ding, Xiaohu, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, D'Ippolito, Cristina, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Burt, S. Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L., Silberg, Judy L., Eaves, Lindon J., Maes, Hermine H., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Toos C. E. M., Craig, Jeffrey M., Saffery, Richard, Freitas, Duarte L., Maia, Jose Antonio, Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Brendgen, Mara, Dionne, Ginette, Vitaro, Frank, Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Chong, Youngsook, Swan, Gary E., Krasnow, Ruth, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Tynelius, Per, Lichtenstein, Paul, Haworth, Claire M. A., Plomin, Robert, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Harden, K. Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M., Oncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Spector, Timothy, Mangino, Massimo, Lachance, Genevieve, Baker, Laura A., Tuvblad, Catherine, Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Willemsen, Gonneke, Rasmussen, Finn, Goldberg, Jack H., Sørensen, Thorkild I.A., Boomsma, Dorret I., and Kaprio, Jaakko

Abstract

Background: Both genetic and environmental factors are known to affect body mass index (BMI), but detailed understanding of how their effects differ during childhood and adolescence is lacking. Objectives: We analyzed the genetic and environmental contributions to BMI variation from infancy to early adulthood and the ways they differ by sex and geographic regions representing high (North America and Australia), moderate (Europe), and low levels (East Asia) of obesogenic environments. Design: Data were available for 87,782 complete twin pairs from 0.5 to 19.5 y of age from 45 cohorts. Analyses were based on 383,092 BMI measurements. Variation in BMI was decomposed into genetic and environmental components through genetic structural equation modeling. Results: The variance of BMI increased from 5 y of age along with increasing mean BMI. The proportion of BMI variation explained by additive genetic factors was lowest at 4 y of age in boys (a2 = 0.42) and girls (a2 = 0.41) and then generally increased to 0.75 in both sexes at 19 y of age. This was because of a stronger influence of environmental factors shared by co-twins in midchildhood. After 15 y of age, the effect of shared environment was not observed. The sex-specific expression of genetic factors was seen in infancy but was most prominent at 13 y of age and older. The variance of BMI was highest in North America and Australia and lowest in East Asia, but the relative proportion of genetic variation to total variation remained roughly similar across different regions. Conclusions: Environmental factors shared by co-twins affect BMI in childhood, but little evidence for their contribution was found in late adolescence. Our results suggest that genetic factors play a major role in the variation of BMI in adolescence among populations of different ethnicities exposed to different e, Background: Both genetic and environmental factors are known to affect body mass index (BMI), but detailed understanding of how their effects differ during childhood and adolescence is lacking. Objectives: We analyzed the genetic and environmental contributions to BMI variation from infancy to early adulthood and the ways they differ by sex and geographic regions representing high (North America and Australia), moderate (Europe), and low levels (East Asia) of obesogenic environments. Design: Data were available for 87,782 complete twin pairs from 0.5 to 19.5 y of age from 45 cohorts. Analyses were based on 383,092 BMI measurements. Variation in BMI was decomposed into genetic and environmental components through genetic structural equation modeling. Results: The variance of BMI increased from 5 y of age along with increasing mean BMI. The proportion of BMI variation explained by additive genetic factors was lowest at 4 y of age in boys (a2 = 0.42) and girls (a2 = 0.41) and then generally increased to 0.75 in both sexes at 19 y of age. This was because of a stronger influence of environmental factors shared by co-twins in midchildhood. After 15 y of age, the effect of shared environment was not observed. The sex-specific expression of genetic factors was seen in infancy but was most prominent at 13 y of age and older. The variance of BMI was highest in North America and Australia and lowest in East Asia, but the relative proportion of genetic variation to total variation remained roughly similar across different regions. Conclusions: Environmental factors shared by co-twins affect BMI in childhood, but little evidence for their contribution was found in late adolescence. Our results suggest that genetic factors play a major role in the variation of BMI in adolescence among populations of different ethnicities exposed to different environmental factors related to obesity.

Published
2016

42. Genetic and environmental influences on height from infancy to early adulthood:An individual-based pooled analysis of 45 twin cohorts

Author

Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Hjelmborg, Jacob V. B., Möller, Sören, Honda, Chika, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Ooki, Syuichi, Aaltonen, Sari, Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, D'Ippolito, Cristina, Freitas, Duarte L., Maia, Jose Antonio, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato, Esther, Busjahn, Andreas, Kandler, Christian, Saudino, Kimberly J., Jang, Kerry L., Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Gao, Wenjing, Yu, Canqing, Li, Liming, Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Heikkila, Kauko, Wardle, Jane, Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, McAdams, Tom A., Eley, Thalia C., Gregory, Alice M., He, Mingguang, Ding, Xiaohu, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Burt, S. Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L., Silberg, Judy L., Eaves, Lindon J., Maes, Hermine H., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Toos C. E. M., Craig, Jeffrey M., Saffery, Richard, Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Brendgen, Mara, Dionne, Ginette, Vitaro, Frank, Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Swan, Gary E., Krasnow, Ruth, Tynelius, Per, Lichtenstein, Paul, Haworth, Claire M. A., Plomin, Robert, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Harden, K. Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M., Spector, Timothy, Mangino, Massimo, Lachance, Genevieve, Baker, Laura A., Tuvblad, Catherine, Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Willemsen, Gonneke, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O., Christensen, Kaare, Oncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Rasmussen, Finn, Goldberg, Jack H., Sørensen, Thorkild I.A., Boomsma, Dorret I., Kaprio, Jaakko, Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Hjelmborg, Jacob V. B., Möller, Sören, Honda, Chika, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Ooki, Syuichi, Aaltonen, Sari, Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, D'Ippolito, Cristina, Freitas, Duarte L., Maia, Jose Antonio, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato, Esther, Busjahn, Andreas, Kandler, Christian, Saudino, Kimberly J., Jang, Kerry L., Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Gao, Wenjing, Yu, Canqing, Li, Liming, Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Heikkila, Kauko, Wardle, Jane, Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, McAdams, Tom A., Eley, Thalia C., Gregory, Alice M., He, Mingguang, Ding, Xiaohu, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Burt, S. Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L., Silberg, Judy L., Eaves, Lindon J., Maes, Hermine H., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Toos C. E. M., Craig, Jeffrey M., Saffery, Richard, Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Brendgen, Mara, Dionne, Ginette, Vitaro, Frank, Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Swan, Gary E., Krasnow, Ruth, Tynelius, Per, Lichtenstein, Paul, Haworth, Claire M. A., Plomin, Robert, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Harden, K. Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M., Spector, Timothy, Mangino, Massimo, Lachance, Genevieve, Baker, Laura A., Tuvblad, Catherine, Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Willemsen, Gonneke, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O., Christensen, Kaare, Oncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Rasmussen, Finn, Goldberg, Jack H., Sørensen, Thorkild I.A., Boomsma, Dorret I., Kaprio, Jaakko, and Silventoinen, Karri

Abstract

Height variation is known to be determined by both genetic and environmental factors, but a systematic description of how their influences differ by sex, age and global regions is lacking. We conducted an individual-based pooled analysis of 45 twin cohorts from 20 countries, including 180,520 paired measurements at ages 1–19 years. The proportion of height variation explained by shared environmental factors was greatest in early childhood, but these effects remained present until early adulthood. Accordingly, the relative genetic contribution increased with age and was greatest in adolescence (up to 0.83 in boys and 0.76 in girls). Comparing geographic-cultural regions (Europe, North-America and Australia, and East-Asia), genetic variance was greatest in North-America and Australia and lowest in East-Asia, but the relative proportion of genetic variation was roughly similar across these regions. Our findings provide further insights into height variation during childhood and adolescence in populations representing different ethnicities and exposed to different environments.

Published
2016

43. Genetic and environmental influences on adult human height across birth cohorts from 1886 to 1994

Author

Jelenkovic, Aline, primary, Hur, Yoon-Mi, additional, Sund, Reijo, additional, Yokoyama, Yoshie, additional, Siribaddana, Sisira H, additional, Hotopf, Matthew, additional, Sumathipala, Athula, additional, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, additional, Tan, Qihua, additional, Zhang, Dongfeng, additional, Pang, Zengchang, additional, Aaltonen, Sari, additional, Heikkilä, Kauko, additional, Öncel, Sevgi Y, additional, Aliev, Fazil, additional, Rebato, Esther, additional, Tarnoki, Adam D, additional, Tarnoki, David L, additional, Christensen, Kaare, additional, Skytthe, Axel, additional, Kyvik, Kirsten O, additional, Silberg, Judy L, additional, Eaves, Lindon J, additional, Maes, Hermine H, additional, Cutler, Tessa L, additional, Hopper, John L, additional, Ordoñana, Juan R, additional, Sánchez-Romera, Juan F, additional, Colodro-Conde, Lucia, additional, Cozen, Wendy, additional, Hwang, Amie E, additional, Mack, Thomas M, additional, Sung, Joohon, additional, Song, Yun-Mi, additional, Yang, Sarah, additional, Lee, Kayoung, additional, Franz, Carol E, additional, Kremen, William S, additional, Lyons, Michael J, additional, Busjahn, Andreas, additional, Nelson, Tracy L, additional, Whitfield, Keith E, additional, Kandler, Christian, additional, Jang, Kerry L, additional, Gatz, Margaret, additional, Butler, David A, additional, Stazi, Maria A, additional, Fagnani, Corrado, additional, D'Ippolito, Cristina, additional, Duncan, Glen E, additional, Buchwald, Dedra, additional, Derom, Catherine A, additional, Vlietinck, Robert F, additional, Loos, Ruth JF, additional, Martin, Nicholas G, additional, Medland, Sarah E, additional, Montgomery, Grant W, additional, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, additional, Swan, Gary E, additional, Krasnow, Ruth, additional, Magnusson, Patrik KE, additional, Pedersen, Nancy L, additional, Dahl-Aslan, Anna K, additional, McAdams, Tom A, additional, Eley, Thalia C, additional, Gregory, Alice M, additional, Tynelius, Per, additional, Baker, Laura A, additional, Tuvblad, Catherine, additional, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, additional, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, additional, Lichtenstein, Paul, additional, Spector, Timothy D, additional, Mangino, Massimo, additional, Lachance, Genevieve, additional, Bartels, Meike, additional, van Beijsterveldt, Toos CEM, additional, Willemsen, Gonneke, additional, Burt, S Alexandra, additional, Klump, Kelly L, additional, Harris, Jennifer R, additional, Brandt, Ingunn, additional, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, additional, Krueger, Robert F, additional, McGue, Matt, additional, Pahlen, Shandell, additional, Corley, Robin P, additional, Hjelmborg, Jacob v B, additional, Goldberg, Jack H, additional, Iwatani, Yoshinori, additional, Watanabe, Mikio, additional, Honda, Chika, additional, Inui, Fujio, additional, Rasmussen, Finn, additional, Huibregtse, Brooke M, additional, Boomsma, Dorret I, additional, Sørensen, Thorkild I A, additional, Kaprio, Jaakko, additional, and Silventoinen, Karri, additional

Published
2016
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44. Author response: Genetic and environmental influences on adult human height across birth cohorts from 1886 to 1994

Author

Jelenkovic, Aline, primary, Hur, Yoon-Mi, additional, Sund, Reijo, additional, Yokoyama, Yoshie, additional, Siribaddana, Sisira H, additional, Hotopf, Matthew, additional, Sumathipala, Athula, additional, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, additional, Tan, Qihua, additional, Zhang, Dongfeng, additional, Pang, Zengchang, additional, Aaltonen, Sari, additional, Heikkilä, Kauko, additional, Öncel, Sevgi Y, additional, Aliev, Fazil, additional, Rebato, Esther, additional, Tarnoki, Adam D, additional, Tarnoki, David L, additional, Christensen, Kaare, additional, Skytthe, Axel, additional, Kyvik, Kirsten O, additional, Silberg, Judy L, additional, Eaves, Lindon J, additional, Maes, Hermine H, additional, Cutler, Tessa L, additional, Hopper, John L, additional, Ordoñana, Juan R, additional, Sánchez-Romera, Juan F, additional, Colodro-Conde, Lucia, additional, Cozen, Wendy, additional, Hwang, Amie E, additional, Mack, Thomas M, additional, Sung, Joohon, additional, Song, Yun-Mi, additional, Yang, Sarah, additional, Lee, Kayoung, additional, Franz, Carol E, additional, Kremen, William S, additional, Lyons, Michael J, additional, Busjahn, Andreas, additional, Nelson, Tracy L, additional, Whitfield, Keith E, additional, Kandler, Christian, additional, Jang, Kerry L, additional, Gatz, Margaret, additional, Butler, David A, additional, Stazi, Maria A, additional, Fagnani, Corrado, additional, D'Ippolito, Cristina, additional, Duncan, Glen E, additional, Buchwald, Dedra, additional, Derom, Catherine A, additional, Vlietinck, Robert F, additional, Loos, Ruth JF, additional, Martin, Nicholas G, additional, Medland, Sarah E, additional, Montgomery, Grant W, additional, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, additional, Swan, Gary E, additional, Krasnow, Ruth, additional, Magnusson, Patrik KE, additional, Pedersen, Nancy L, additional, Dahl-Aslan, Anna K, additional, McAdams, Tom A, additional, Eley, Thalia C, additional, Gregory, Alice M, additional, Tynelius, Per, additional, Baker, Laura A, additional, Tuvblad, Catherine, additional, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, additional, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, additional, Lichtenstein, Paul, additional, Spector, Timothy D, additional, Mangino, Massimo, additional, Lachance, Genevieve, additional, Bartels, Meike, additional, van Beijsterveldt, Toos CEM, additional, Willemsen, Gonneke, additional, Burt, S Alexandra, additional, Klump, Kelly L, additional, Harris, Jennifer R, additional, Brandt, Ingunn, additional, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, additional, Krueger, Robert F, additional, McGue, Matt, additional, Pahlen, Shandell, additional, Corley, Robin P, additional, Hjelmborg, Jacob v B, additional, Goldberg, Jack H, additional, Iwatani, Yoshinori, additional, Watanabe, Mikio, additional, Honda, Chika, additional, Inui, Fujio, additional, Rasmussen, Finn, additional, Huibregtse, Brooke M, additional, Boomsma, Dorret I, additional, Sørensen, Thorkild I A, additional, Kaprio, Jaakko, additional, and Silventoinen, Karri, additional

Published
2016
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45. Genetic and environmental influences on height from infancy to early adulthood: An individual-based pooled analysis of 45 twin cohorts

Author

Jelenkovic, Aline, primary, Sund, Reijo, additional, Hur, Yoon-Mi, additional, Yokoyama, Yoshie, additional, Hjelmborg, Jacob v. B., additional, Möller, Sören, additional, Honda, Chika, additional, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., additional, Pedersen, Nancy L., additional, Ooki, Syuichi, additional, Aaltonen, Sari, additional, Stazi, Maria A., additional, Fagnani, Corrado, additional, D’Ippolito, Cristina, additional, Freitas, Duarte L., additional, Maia, José Antonio, additional, Ji, Fuling, additional, Ning, Feng, additional, Pang, Zengchang, additional, Rebato, Esther, additional, Busjahn, Andreas, additional, Kandler, Christian, additional, Saudino, Kimberly J., additional, Jang, Kerry L., additional, Cozen, Wendy, additional, Hwang, Amie E., additional, Mack, Thomas M., additional, Gao, Wenjing, additional, Yu, Canqing, additional, Li, Liming, additional, Corley, Robin P., additional, Huibregtse, Brooke M., additional, Derom, Catherine A., additional, Vlietinck, Robert F., additional, Loos, Ruth J. F., additional, Heikkilä, Kauko, additional, Wardle, Jane, additional, Llewellyn, Clare H., additional, Fisher, Abigail, additional, McAdams, Tom A., additional, Eley, Thalia C., additional, Gregory, Alice M., additional, He, Mingguang, additional, Ding, Xiaohu, additional, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, additional, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, additional, Sodemann, Morten, additional, Tarnoki, Adam D., additional, Tarnoki, David L., additional, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, additional, Mankuta, David, additional, Abramson, Lior, additional, Burt, S. Alexandra, additional, Klump, Kelly L., additional, Silberg, Judy L., additional, Eaves, Lindon J., additional, Maes, Hermine H., additional, Krueger, Robert F., additional, McGue, Matt, additional, Pahlen, Shandell, additional, Gatz, Margaret, additional, Butler, David A., additional, Bartels, Meike, additional, van Beijsterveldt, Toos C. E. M., additional, Craig, Jeffrey M., additional, Saffery, Richard, additional, Dubois, Lise, additional, Boivin, Michel, additional, Brendgen, Mara, additional, Dionne, Ginette, additional, Vitaro, Frank, additional, Martin, Nicholas G., additional, Medland, Sarah E., additional, Montgomery, Grant W., additional, Swan, Gary E., additional, Krasnow, Ruth, additional, Tynelius, Per, additional, Lichtenstein, Paul, additional, Haworth, Claire M. A., additional, Plomin, Robert, additional, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, additional, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, additional, Harden, K. Paige, additional, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M., additional, Spector, Timothy, additional, Mangino, Massimo, additional, Lachance, Genevieve, additional, Baker, Laura A., additional, Tuvblad, Catherine, additional, Duncan, Glen E., additional, Buchwald, Dedra, additional, Willemsen, Gonneke, additional, Skytthe, Axel, additional, Kyvik, Kirsten O., additional, Christensen, Kaare, additional, Öncel, Sevgi Y., additional, Aliev, Fazil, additional, Rasmussen, Finn, additional, Goldberg, Jack H., additional, Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., additional, Boomsma, Dorret I., additional, Kaprio, Jaakko, additional, and Silventoinen, Karri, additional

Published
2016
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46. Resources and pilot results for establishing a Mongolian Twin Register

Author

Chimedsuren Ochir, Joohon Sung, Erkhembulgan Purevdorj, Narandalai Danshiitsoodol, Purevdorj Ichinkhorloo, Gonchigsuren Dagvasumberel, Urjinbadam Chuluunbaatar, Otgonbayar Damdinbazar, Enkhtsetseg Gombojav, and Bayasgalan Gombojav

Subjects
Register (sociolinguistics), Adult, Male, Adolescent, Project commissioning, Population development, Twins, Social Welfare, Pilot Projects, Public administration, Young Adult, Political science, Surveys and Questionnaires, Diseases in Twins, Humans, Registries, Child, Genetics (clinical), Aged, Aged, 80 and over, business.industry, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Foundation (evidence), Infant, Mongolia, Middle Aged, Health Surveys, Publishing, Child, Preschool, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Health Resources, Christian ministry, Female, business
Abstract

Despite the need to provide evidence-based health policy, most developing countries suffer from a lack of resources for sound epidemiologic evidence. Most twin registers have been established in developed countries and there are relatively fewer twin registers in developing countries. Considering the immense potential of twin research, it will be worthwhile to attempt to establish a new twin register in Mongolia, where biomedical studies are still scarce. Our objectives were to initiate the process of establishing a nation-wide twin register in Mongolia, based on a nation-wide, population-based database. With the approval and support of the Ministry of Population Development and Social Welfare of Mongolia, we were able to access an initial list of 411 twin pairs who live in the district of Ulaanbaatar, the capital city of Mongolia. By developing a questionnaire to estimate zygosity, we conducted a pilot survey. Those who registered consisted of 822 individuals or 411 twin pairs (same sex: male — 178; female — 157; different sex — 76), two sets of triplets (same sex: female — 2). The age of twins ranged from 1 to 81 (mean age 7.3 ± 11.3), and 52.4% were males. The first twin survey in Mongolia not only resulted in interim data for the Mongolian Twin Register, but has the potential for establishing a larger register by using the national database. It has been proven possible to establish a twin register for research purposes in Mongolia.

Published
2012

47. Gender-specific combined effects of smoking and hypertension on cardiovascular disease mortality in elderly Koreans: THe Kangwha Cohort Study

Author

Sun Ha Jee, Heechoul Ohrr, Seung Ji Lim, Bayasgalan Gombojav, and Chung Mo Nam

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Population, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Cohort Studies, Sex Factors, Internal medicine, Surveys and Questionnaires, Republic of Korea, Risk of mortality, medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, education, Stroke, Aged, Proportional Hazards Models, education.field_of_study, Chi-Square Distribution, business.industry, Hazard ratio, Smoking, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Blood pressure, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cohort, Hypertension, Physical therapy, Female, business, Cohort study
Abstract

Objective We examined gender-specific combined effects of smoking and hypertension on risk of mortality from cardiovascular disease in elderly Korean men and women. Study design This study followed a cohort of 6097 residents (2593 men, 3504 women) in the general population of Kangwha County, aged ≥55 years in March 1985 and examined their cause-specific mortality for 20.8 years, up to December 31, 2005. All participants were followed up more than once after the 1985 survey. Main outcome measures We calculated hazard ratios for mortality for the combined sets of smoking habits and blood pressure levels using the Cox proportional-hazard model. The set of non-smokers with normal blood pressure served as a reference group. Results During the 20.8 years of follow-up, 759 people died from cardiovascular disease. The risk of mortality from cardiovascular disease and stroke according to smoking or hypertension was not different between men and women. However, the risk among smokers combined with hypertension was higher in men than in women; the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (95% CI) for mortality from cardiovascular disease and stroke were 4.52 (1.67–12.21) and 6.37 (1.57–25.85) in men and 2.11 (1.37–3.24) and 2.41 (1.44–4.01) in women, respectively. Conclusions The magnitude of the joint effects of smoking and hypertension on cardiovascular disease and stroke mortality was different between men and women. This study suggests that combining quitting smoking with lowering blood pressure could contribute to preventing cardiovascular disease and stroke, especially in men.

Published
2012

48. Life satisfaction and mortality in elderly people: The Kangwha Cohort Study

Author

Heechoul Ohrr, Heejin Kimm, Sang-Wook Yi, Jae Woong Sull, and Bayasgalan Gombojav

Subjects
Male, Quality of life, Gerontology, medicine.medical_specialty, Health Behavior, Personal Satisfaction, Cohort Studies, Elderly, Cause of Death, Republic of Korea, Epidemiology, Humans, Medicine, Prospective Studies, Mortality, Prospective cohort study, Aged, Proportional Hazards Models, Proportional hazards model, business.industry, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Mortality rate, Hazard ratio, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, lcsh:RA1-1270, Retrospective cohort study, Cardiovascular disease, Female, Life satisfaction, business, Research Article, Cohort study, Demography
Abstract

Background As well as biomedical risk factors, psychological factors have been reported to be related to mortality rate. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between life satisfaction and mortality in elderly people through an 11.8-year follow-up study of a prospective cohort. Methods Among 3,600 participants of the Kangwha Cohort Study who survived in 1994, 1,939 respondents of the Life Satisfaction Index (LSI)-A questionnaire were included (men, 821; women, 1118). The mortality risk for the period up to December 2005 was measured using the Cox Proportional Hazard Model. Results When the relationship between LSI and mortality was evaluated in men, the unsatisfied group with lower LSI scores showed a significantly higher risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 1.42; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11-1.83) than the satisfied group with higher LSI scores. In women, the unsatisfied group showed a significantly higher risk of all-cause mortality (HR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.18-1.92) and cardiovascular mortality (HR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.30-3.85) than the satisfied group. Conclusion We found that elderly people with a lower LSI score, regardless of gender, were at risk of increased mortality from all causes, and low LSI score was also associated with cardiovascular mortality.

Published
2012
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49. The CODATwins Project : The Cohort Description of Collaborative Project of Development of Anthropometrical Measures in Twins to Study Macro-Environmental Variation in Genetic and Environmental Effects on Anthropometric Traits

Author

Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Honda, Chika, Aaltonen, Sari, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Tarnoki, Adam D, Tarnoki, David L, Ning, Feng, Ji, Fuling, Pang, Zengchang, Ordoñana, Juan R, Sánchez-Romera, Juan F, Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Burt, S Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L, Medland, Sarah E, Montgomery, Grant W, Kandler, Christian, McAdams, Tom A, Eley, Thalia C, Gregory, Alice M, Saudino, Kimberly J, Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Haworth, Claire M A, Plomin, Robert, Öncel, Sevgi Y, Aliev, Fazil, Stazi, Maria A, Fagnani, Corrado, D'Ippolito, Cristina, Craig, Jeffrey M, Saffery, Richard, Siribaddana, Sisira H, Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Spector, Timothy, Mangino, Massimo, Lachance, Genevieve, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Freitas, Duarte L, Maia, José Antonio, Harden, K Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M, Christensen, Kaare, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O, Hong, Changhee, Chong, Youngsook, Derom, Catherine A, Vlietinck, Robert F, Loos, Ruth J F, Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E, Mack, Thomas M, He, Mingguang, Ding, Xiaohu, Chang, Billy, Silberg, Judy L, Eaves, Lindon J, Maes, Hermine H, Cutler, Tessa L, Hopper, John L, Aujard, Kelly, Magnusson, Patrik K E, Pedersen, Nancy L, Dahl Aslan, Anna K, Song, Yun-Mi, Yang, Sarah, Lee, Kayoung, Baker, Laura A, Tuvblad, Catherine, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Heikkilä, Kauko, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Swan, Gary E, Krasnow, Ruth, Jang, Kerry L, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Lichtenstein, Paul, Krueger, Robert F, McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Tynelius, Per, Duncan, Glen E, Buchwald, Dedra, Corley, Robin P, Huibregtse, Brooke M, Nelson, Tracy L, Whitfield, Keith E, Franz, Carol E, Kremen, William S, Lyons, Michael J, Ooki, Syuichi, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, Inui, Fujio, Watanabe, Mikio, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Toos C E M, Wardle, Jane, Llewellyn, Clare H, Fisher, Abigail, Rebato, Esther, Martin, Nicholas G, Iwatani, Yoshinori, Hayakawa, Kazuo, Rasmussen, Finn, Sung, Joohon, Harris, Jennifer R, Willemsen, Gonneke, Busjahn, Andreas, Goldberg, Jack H, Boomsma, Dorret I, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Sørensen, Thorkild I A, Kaprio, Jaakko, Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Honda, Chika, Aaltonen, Sari, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Tarnoki, Adam D, Tarnoki, David L, Ning, Feng, Ji, Fuling, Pang, Zengchang, Ordoñana, Juan R, Sánchez-Romera, Juan F, Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Burt, S Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L, Medland, Sarah E, Montgomery, Grant W, Kandler, Christian, McAdams, Tom A, Eley, Thalia C, Gregory, Alice M, Saudino, Kimberly J, Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Haworth, Claire M A, Plomin, Robert, Öncel, Sevgi Y, Aliev, Fazil, Stazi, Maria A, Fagnani, Corrado, D'Ippolito, Cristina, Craig, Jeffrey M, Saffery, Richard, Siribaddana, Sisira H, Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Spector, Timothy, Mangino, Massimo, Lachance, Genevieve, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Freitas, Duarte L, Maia, José Antonio, Harden, K Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M, Christensen, Kaare, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O, Hong, Changhee, Chong, Youngsook, Derom, Catherine A, Vlietinck, Robert F, Loos, Ruth J F, Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E, Mack, Thomas M, He, Mingguang, Ding, Xiaohu, Chang, Billy, Silberg, Judy L, Eaves, Lindon J, Maes, Hermine H, Cutler, Tessa L, Hopper, John L, Aujard, Kelly, Magnusson, Patrik K E, Pedersen, Nancy L, Dahl Aslan, Anna K, Song, Yun-Mi, Yang, Sarah, Lee, Kayoung, Baker, Laura A, Tuvblad, Catherine, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Heikkilä, Kauko, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Swan, Gary E, Krasnow, Ruth, Jang, Kerry L, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Lichtenstein, Paul, Krueger, Robert F, McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Tynelius, Per, Duncan, Glen E, Buchwald, Dedra, Corley, Robin P, Huibregtse, Brooke M, Nelson, Tracy L, Whitfield, Keith E, Franz, Carol E, Kremen, William S, Lyons, Michael J, Ooki, Syuichi, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, Inui, Fujio, Watanabe, Mikio, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Toos C E M, Wardle, Jane, Llewellyn, Clare H, Fisher, Abigail, Rebato, Esther, Martin, Nicholas G, Iwatani, Yoshinori, Hayakawa, Kazuo, Rasmussen, Finn, Sung, Joohon, Harris, Jennifer R, Willemsen, Gonneke, Busjahn, Andreas, Goldberg, Jack H, Boomsma, Dorret I, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Sørensen, Thorkild I A, and Kaprio, Jaakko

Abstract

For over 100 years, the genetics of human anthropometric traits has attracted scientific interest. In particular, height and body mass index (BMI, calculated as kg/m2) have been under intensive genetic research. However, it is still largely unknown whether and how heritability estimates vary between human populations. Opportunities to address this question have increased recently because of the establishment of many new twin cohorts and the increasing accumulation of data in established twin cohorts. We started a new research project to analyze systematically (1) the variation of heritability estimates of height, BMI and their trajectories over the life course between birth cohorts, ethnicities and countries, and (2) to study the effects of birth-related factors, education and smoking on these anthropometric traits and whether these effects vary between twin cohorts. We identified 67 twin projects, including both monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins, using various sources. We asked for individual level data on height and weight including repeated measurements, birth related traits, background variables, education and smoking. By the end of 2014, 48 projects participated. Together, we have 893,458 height and weight measures (52% females) from 434,723 twin individuals, including 201,192 complete twin pairs (40% monozygotic, 40% same-sex dizygotic and 20% opposite-sex dizygotic) representing 22 countries. This project demonstrates that large-scale international twin studies are feasible and can promote the use of existing data for novel research purposes.

Published
2015
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50. Zygosity Differences in Height and Body Mass Index of Twins From Infancy to Old Age : A Study of the CODATwins Project

Author

Jelenkovic, Aline, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Sund, Reijo, Honda, Chika, Bogl, Leonie H., Aaltonen, Sari, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Ordonana, Juan R., Sanchez-Romera, Juan F., Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Burt, S. Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Kandler, Christian, McAdams, Tom A., Eley, Thalia C., Gregory, Alice M., Saudino, Kimberly J., Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Haworth, Claire M. A., Plomin, Robert, Oncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, D'Ippolito, Cristina, Craig, Jeffrey M., Saffery, Richard, Siribaddana, Sisira H., Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Spector, Timothy, Mangino, Massimo, Lachance, Genevieve, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Freitas, Duarte L., Maia, Jose Antonio, Harden, K. Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M., Kim, Bia, Chong, Youngsook, Hong, Changhee, Shin, Hyun Jung, Christensen, Kaare, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O., Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., He, Mingguang, Ding, Xiaohu, Chang, Billy, Silberg, Judy L., Eaves, Lindon J., Maes, Hermine H., Cutler, Tessa L., Hopper, John L., Aujard, Kelly, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Aslan, Anna K. Dahl, Song, Yun-Mi, Yang, Sarah, Lee, Kayoung, Baker, Laura A., Tuvblad, Catherine, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Heikkila, Kauko, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Swan, Gary E., Krasnow, Ruth, Jang, Kerry L., Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Lichtenstein, Paul, Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Tynelius, Per, Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Ooki, Syuichi, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, Inui, Fujio, Watanabe, Mikio, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Toos C. E. M., Wardle, Jane, Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, Rebato, Esther, Martin, Nicholas G., Iwatani, Yoshinori, Hayakawa, Kazuo, Sung, Joohon, Harris, Jennifer R., Willemsen, Gonneke, Busjahn, Andreas, Goldberg, Jack H., Rasmussen, Finn, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Boomsma, Dorret I., Sorensen, Thorkild I. A., Kaprio, Jaakko, Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Sund, Reijo, Honda, Chika, Bogl, Leonie H., Aaltonen, Sari, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Ordonana, Juan R., Sanchez-Romera, Juan F., Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Burt, S. Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Kandler, Christian, McAdams, Tom A., Eley, Thalia C., Gregory, Alice M., Saudino, Kimberly J., Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Haworth, Claire M. A., Plomin, Robert, Oncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, D'Ippolito, Cristina, Craig, Jeffrey M., Saffery, Richard, Siribaddana, Sisira H., Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Spector, Timothy, Mangino, Massimo, Lachance, Genevieve, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Freitas, Duarte L., Maia, Jose Antonio, Harden, K. Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M., Kim, Bia, Chong, Youngsook, Hong, Changhee, Shin, Hyun Jung, Christensen, Kaare, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O., Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., He, Mingguang, Ding, Xiaohu, Chang, Billy, Silberg, Judy L., Eaves, Lindon J., Maes, Hermine H., Cutler, Tessa L., Hopper, John L., Aujard, Kelly, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Aslan, Anna K. Dahl, Song, Yun-Mi, Yang, Sarah, Lee, Kayoung, Baker, Laura A., Tuvblad, Catherine, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Heikkila, Kauko, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Swan, Gary E., Krasnow, Ruth, Jang, Kerry L., Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Lichtenstein, Paul, Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Tynelius, Per, Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Ooki, Syuichi, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, Inui, Fujio, Watanabe, Mikio, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Toos C. E. M., Wardle, Jane, Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, Rebato, Esther, Martin, Nicholas G., Iwatani, Yoshinori, Hayakawa, Kazuo, Sung, Joohon, Harris, Jennifer R., Willemsen, Gonneke, Busjahn, Andreas, Goldberg, Jack H., Rasmussen, Finn, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Boomsma, Dorret I., Sorensen, Thorkild I. A., Kaprio, Jaakko, and Silventoinen, Karri

Abstract

A trend toward greater body size in dizygotic (DZ) than in monozygotic (MZ) twins has been suggested by some but not all studies, and this difference may also vary by age. We analyzed zygosity differences in mean values and variances of height and body mass index (BMI) among male and female twins from infancy to old age. Data were derived from an international database of 54 twin cohorts participating in the COllaborative project of Development of Anthropometrical measures in Twins (CODATwins), and included 842,951 height and BMI measurements from twins aged 1 to 102 years. The results showed that DZ twins were consistently taller than MZ twins, with differences of up to 2.0 cm in childhood and adolescence and up to 0.9 cm in adulthood. Similarly, a greater mean BMI of up to 0.3 kg/m(2) in childhood and adolescence and up to 0.2 kg/m(2) in adulthood was observed in DZ twins, although the pattern was less consistent. DZ twins presented up to 1.7% greater height and 1.9% greater BMI than MZ twins; these percentage differences were largest in middle and late childhood and decreased with age in both sexes. The variance of height was similar in MZ and DZ twins at most ages. In contrast, the variance of BMI was significantly higher in DZ than in MZ twins, particularly in childhood. In conclusion, DZ twins were generally taller and had greater BMI than MZ twins, but the differences decreased with age in both sexes.

Published
2015
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