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Objective: Many patients have undergone visceral surgery. The effects on anatomy and physiology, which can result in further surgical or gastroenterological clinical pictures, are equally significant and require special knowledge. This content should be taught in an interdisciplinary elective course. The draft of the new 2025 approval regulation and the current approval regulation specify that preclinical and clinical content should specifically be combined within the framework of a Z-curriculum and that the new elective course should meet these requirements. Methodology: Practical and theoretical aspects of recognising and treating patients with postoperative modified anatomy are to be taught and the findings are to be demonstrated using anatomical and artificial preparations. The curriculum of the preclinical course covers anatomy and physiology. The target group of the curriculum is all participating students with a special interest in topics such as anatomy, visceral surgery and gastroenterology. However, the goal is to involve student tutors of the anatomical dissection courses, who, in turn, will pass on knowledge of modified anatomy to the supervised preclinical students.Results: According to Thomas and Kern, the curriculum development process entails the following six stages: general needs assessment, targeted needs assessment, the formulation of goals and content, the description of strategies, planned implementation and evaluation.Conclusion: A “modified anatomy” curriculum for an interdisciplinary elective course in surgery, gastroenterology, and anatomy was developed. Through the training of anatomy table tutors, a “dovetailing” with the preclinical stage is to be achieved. In addition, new concepts related to the transfer of knowledge and competencies were introduced and should be evaluated for suitability.

Purpose: To compare bone substitutes composed of glycated collagen with synthetic micro-sized (1 to 10 µm) hydroxyapatite (OB) vs non-cross-linked collagen matrix with large-particle (250 to 1,000 µm) bovine-derived hydroxyapatite (BOC). Materials and Methods: The P1 to P4 premolars were bilaterally extracted from the mandibles of 19 Beagle dogs. After 21 days, osteotomies were created in each dog that received OB or BOC and were covered with a collagen membrane or were left untreated. The animals were randomly divided into three groups based on sacrifice time (4, 12, or 24 weeks). The right and left hemimandibles were trimmed to facilitate imaging and histology, and all tissues were placed in 10% neutral-buffered formalin. Microcomputed tomography (MicroCT 40 Scanner, Scanco) was used to analyze bone sections. Bone volume, residual material volume, and bone mineral density were determined for each treatment site (OB and BOC) based on a volume of interest that encompassed the original defect. Additionally, blinded histopathologic assessment (based on the ISO 10993-6 scoring system) and histomorphometry were performed on sections ground to < 100 µm thick and stained with Stevenel's blue. Results: No clinical side effects were noted. No statistical differences were observed for OB vs BOC regarding the mineral volume percentage. Compared to OB, BOC had significantly higher mean mineralization densities at 12 weeks (P < .01), but this difference did not extend to 24 weeks. For residual grafting material, bone maturation, alveolar ridge restoration, and inflammatory response, OB showed a residual amount of bone graft and no statistical differences compared to BOC. Conclusion: Both OB and BOC represent valid treatment options for critically sized bone defects. Both bone fillers outperformed the sham-operated, ungrafted (empty) control, demonstrating statistically improved bone growth and ridge restoration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To compare glycated multilayered membranes (OV) to a commercially available thin-layer membrane (OP) in a lateral ridge augmentation model in dogs. Materials and Methods: This was designed as a three-arm study, where one negative control (empty defect) was compared to two test arms: alveolar bone defects grafted with a mixture of 90% deproteinized bovine bone mineral and 10% porcine collagen, then covered with either a thick- (OV) or thin-layered (OP) membrane. Animals were randomly divided into three groups corresponding to the final sacrifice times of 4 weeks, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks. Sections underwent microCT, histology, histopathology, and histomorphometry. Results: No statistical differences were observed for OV compared to OP regarding the percentage of mineral volume and mean mineral density, amount of bone maturation, percentage of bone graft and membrane remaining in the grafted area, alveolar ridge width measurements, membrane mineralization, or ossification. Test groups presented significantly higher values compared to the empty control for all the endpoints. Conclusions: Within its limitations, this in vivo study highlighted that multilayered thick glycated membranes can serve as effective occlusive barriers for up to 6 months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article presents a study which determined the inter-rater reliability between the Veterans Affairs (VA) Dementia ICD Code List and the Chronic Conditions Warehouse (CCW) Alzheimer's disease and related disorders (ADRD) algorithm when applied to a cohort of veterans hospitalized with heart failure. Topics include sample characteristics, comparison of ICD-10 codes in the VA and CCW ADRD algorithms, and limitations of the study.

Background: Medications are one of the most easily modifiable risk factors for motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) among older adults, yet limited information exists on how the use of potentially driver‐impairing (PDI) medications changes following an MVC. Therefore, we examined the number and types of PDI medication classes dispensed before and after an MVC. Methods: This observational study included Medicare fee‐for‐service beneficiaries aged ≥67 years who were involved in a police‐reported MVC in New Jersey as a driver between 2008 and 2017. Analyses were conducted at the "person‐crash" level because participants could be involved in more than one MVC. We examined the use of 36 PDI medication classes in the 120 days before and 120 days after MVC. We described the number and prevalence of PDI medication classes in the pre‐MVC and post‐MVC periods as well as the most common PDI medication classes started and stopped following the MVC. Results: Among 124,954 person‐crashes, the mean (SD) age was 76.0 (6.5) years, 51.3% were female, and 83.9% were non‐Hispanic White. The median (Q1, Q3) number of PDI medication classes was 2 (1, 4) in both the pre‐MVC and post‐MVC periods. Overall, 20.3% had a net increase, 15.9% had a net decrease, and 63.8% had no net change in the number of PDI medication classes after MVC. Opioids, antihistamines, and thiazide diuretics were the top PDI medication classes stopped following MVC, at incidences of 6.2%, 2.1%, and 1.7%, respectively. The top medication classes started were opioids (8.3%), skeletal muscle relaxants (2.2%), and benzodiazepines (2.1%). Conclusions: A majority of crash‐involved older adults were exposed to multiple PDI medications before and after MVC. A greater proportion of person‐crashes were associated with an increased rather than decreased number of PDI medications. The reasons why clinicians refrain from stopping PDI medications following an MVC remain to be elucidated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]