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In late December 2019 a viral pneumonia with an unknown agent was reported in Wuhan, China. A novel coronavirus was identified as the causative agent. Because of the human-to-human transmission and rapid spread; coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly increased to an epidemic scale and poses a severe threat to human health; it has been declared a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) by the World Health Organization (WHO). This review aims to summarize the recent research progress of COVID-2019 molecular features and immunopathogenesis to provide a reference for further research in prevention and treatment of SARS coronavirus2 ( SARS-CoV-2) infection based on the knowledge from researches on SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus(MERS-CoV.)

It has been more than 3 months now since the first case of COVID-19 was reported in Turkey. Globally, the number of confirmed cases and deaths reached 9,653,048 and 491,128 respectively, as reported by 216 countries by June 27, 2020. Turkey had 1,396 new cases, 194,511 total cases, and 5,065 deaths by the same date. From the first case until today, the Turkish Thoracic Society (TTS) has been very proactive in educating doctors, increasing public awareness, undertaking academic studies, and assisting with public health policies. In the present report, social, academic, and management perspectives of the pandemic are presented under appropriate subtitles. During this critical public health crisis, TTS has once again demonstrated its readiness and constructive stance by supporting public health, healthcare workers, and the environment. This review summarizes the perspective of TTS on each aspect of the COVID-19 pandemic and casts light on its contributions. C1 [Kokturk, Nurdan] Gazi Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pulm Med, Ankara, Turkey. [Itil, Bahriye Oya; Ergan, Begum; Kilinc, Oguz; Simsek, Gokcen Omeroglu; Ucan, Eyup Sabri] Dokuz Eylul Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pulm Med, Izmir, Turkey. [Altinisik, Goksel] Pamukkale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pulm Med, Denizli, Turkey. [Adiguzel, Nalan; Karkurt, Zuhal] Univ Hlth Sci, Istanbul Sureyyapas Chest Dis Training & Res Hosp, Dept Intens Care Unit Pulm Med, Istanbul, Turkey. [Akgun, Metin] Ataturk Univ, Dept Pulm Med, Sch Med, Erzurum, Turkey. [Akyildiz, Levent] Mem Dicle Hosp, Clin Pulm Med, Diyarbakir, Turkey. [Altin, Sedat; Akyil, Fatma Tokgoz] Univ Hlth Sci, Yedikule Chest Dis & Chest Surg Training & Res Ho, Dept Pulm Med, Istanbul, Turkey. [Arikan, Huseyin] Yuzuncu Yil Univ, Dursun Odaba Med Ctr, Med Intens Care Unit, Van, Turkey. [Ates, Gungor] Sultan Hosp, Dept Pulm Med, Diyarbakir, Turkey. [Ay, Pinar] Marmara Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth, Istanbul, Turkey. [Aykac, Nilufer] Gayrettepe Florence Nightingale Hosp, Clin Pulm Med, Istanbul, Turkey. [Babayigit, Cenk] Mustafa Kemal Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pulm Med, Antakya, Turkey. [Bostan, Pinar] Istanbul Bilgi Univ, Sch Hlth Sci, Istanbul, Turkey. [Cinel, Guzin] Ankara Yildirim Beyazit Univ, Sch Med Ankara, Dept Pediat Pulmonol, Ankara, Turkey. [Calisir, Haluk Celaleddin] Yapi Kredi Hlth & Retirement Fdn, Istanbul, Turkey. [Celik, Pinar; Gultekin, Okkes; Havlucu, Yavuz; Yorgancioglu, A. Arzu] Celal Bayar Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pulm Med, Manisa, Turkey. [Cetinkaya, Pelin Duru] Univ Hlth Sci, Adana City Training & Res Hosp, Dept Pulm Med, Adana, Turkey. [Dagli, Elif] Turkish Thorac Soc, Ankara, Turkey. [Demir, Ahmet Ugur] Hacettepe Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pulm Med, Ankara, Turkey. [Demir, Canan; Sandal, Abdulsamet] Occupat & Environm Dis Hosp, Clin Occupat Dis, Ankara, Turkey. [Dikensoy, Oner] Acibadem Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pulm Med, Istanbul, Turkey. [Edis, Ebru Cakir] Trakya Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pulm Med, Edirne, Turkey. [Elbek, Osman] Kadikoy Florence Nightingale Hosp, Clin Pulm Med, Istanbul, Turkey. [Erdinc, Munevver; Goksel, Tuncay; Gurgun, Alev; Basoglu, Ozen K.; Sayiner, Abdullah] Ege Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pulm Med, Izmir, Turkey. [Eyuboglu, A. Fusun Oner] Baskent Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pulm Med, Ankara, Turkey. [Gemicioglu, Bilun] Istanbul Univ Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Sch Med, Dept Pulm Dis, Istanbul, Turkey. [Gulhan, Erkmen] Ataturk Chest Dis & Thorac Surg Training & Res Ho, Dept Thorac Surg, Ankara, Turkey. [Gurkan, Canan Gunduz; Yildiz, Tekin] Univ Hlth Sci, Sureyyapasa Chest Dis & Thorac Surg Training & Re, Dept Pulm Med, Istanbul, Turkey. [Karakurt, Sait] Marmara Univ, Sch Med, Dept Intens Care Unit Pulm Med, Istanbul, Turkey. [Kocabas, Ali] Cukurova Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pulm Med, Adana, Turkey. [Kul, Seval] Gaziantep Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biostat, Gaziantep, Turkey. [Nayci, Sibel] Mersin Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pulm Med, Mersin, Turkey. [Ozkan, Metin] Ankara Mem Hosp, Clin Pulm Med, Ankara, Turkey. [Pinarer, Ozgun] Galatasaray Univ, Sch Engn, Istanbul, Turkey. [Salturk, Cuneyt] Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pulm Med, Istanbul, Turkey. [Sen, Elif] Ankara Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pulm Med, Ankara, Turkey. [Karadag, Bulent Taner] Marmara Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat Pulmonol, Istanbul, Turkey. [Toreyin, Zehra Nur] Hlth Sci Univ, Adana City Training & Res Hosp, Dept Occupat Dis, Ankara, Turkey. [Varol, Ayhan] Kepez State Hosp, Clin Pulm Med, Antalya, Turkey. [Yasin, Yesim] Acibadem Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth, Istanbul, Turkey. [Bayram, Hasan] Koc Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pulm Med, Istanbul, Turkey.

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Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the sealing ability of root-end filling materials such as mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), Portland cement, and bioaggregate (BA) after irrigation with different solutions. Materials and Methods: We examined 130 human maxillar central teeth. After cutting the teeth at the cementoenamel junction, the root canals were expanded using nickel-titanium rotary instruments. Root canals were filled with AH-plus and gutta-percha. Then, the roots were cut apically, and 3 mm deep retrograde cavities were prepared. The roots were divided 12 experimental groups, consisting 10 teeth each; the positive and negative control groups contained five teeth each. The retrograde cavities were rinsed using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), chlorhexidine (CHX), BioPure™ mixture of a tetracycline isomer, an acid, and a detergent (MTAD), or distilled water. Next, groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 were sealed with MTA; groups 5, 6, 7, and 8 were sealed with Portland cement; and groups 9, 10, 11, and 12 were sealed with BA. Then, apical microleakage was evaluated by using a computerized fluid filtration method. The results of the leakage test were statistically evaluated by the post-hoc Tukey’s test. Results: MTA, Portland cement, and BA root-end filling materials showed the least leakage in the CHX and distilled water groups. The highest leakage was observed in the EDTA and MTAD groups. Conclusions: The sealing ability of BA was as good as that of MTA. EDTA and MTAD increased the apical leakage and CHX and distilled water decreased the leakage of the root-end filling materials examined in this study.

The seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus is a significant agricultural pest and increasingly studied model of sexual conflict. Males possess genital spines that increase the transfer of seminal fluid proteins (SFPs) into the female body. As SFPs alter female behaviour and physiology, they are likely to modulate reproduction and sexual conflict in this species. Here, we identified SFPs using proteomics combined with a de novo transcriptome. A prior 2D-sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis identified male accessory gland protein spots that were probably transferred to the female at mating. Proteomic analysis of these spots identified 98 proteins, a majority of which were also present within ejaculates collected from females. Standard annotation workflows revealed common functional groups for SFPs, including proteases and metabolic proteins. Transcriptomic analysis found 84 transcripts differentially expressed between the sexes. Notably, genes encoding 15 proteins were highly expressed in male abdomens and only negligibly expressed within females. Most of these sequences corresponded to 'unknown' proteins (nine of 15) and may represent rapidly evolving SFPs novel to seed beetles. Our combined analyses highlight 44 proteins for which there is strong evidence that they are SFPs. These results can inform further investigation, to better understand the molecular mechanisms of sexual conflict in seed beetles.

Background and Aims: To evaluate asthma phenotypes in patients with asthma from different regions of Turkey. Methods: A total of 1400 adult asthmatic patients (mean (SD) age: 44.0 (13.9) years, 75% females) from 14 centers across Turkey were included in this study and a standard questionnaire was applied between the time period of February 2011–January 2012. Results: The disease onset ≥ 40 years of age was higher percentage in obese vs. normal/overweight patients and nonallergic vs. allergic patients (P < 0.01). The percentage of patients who had FEV1 values over 80% was higher in allergic than nonallergic and normal/overweight than obese patients (P < 0.01). Uncontrolled asthmatics have more severe disease (P < 0.01). There were more frequent hospital admissions in nonallergic and uncontrolled asthmatics (P < 0.01). Chronic rhino-sinusitis was the leading comorbid disorder in normal/overweight and allergic asthma, while gastroesophageal reflux disorder was more frequent in nonallergic and uncontrolled asthma (P < 0.01). Asthma control rate was the highest (39.0%) in patients from Marmara region among all geographical regions (P < 0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, our findings revealed existence of clinical/trigger related phenotypes based on BMI, allergic status, control level and geographical region with more frequent respiratory dysfunction and/or adverse health outcomes in uncontrolled, obese and nonallergic phenotypes. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd

The aim of this paper is to report the healing of two large periapical lesions following non-surgical root canal treatment. The first case was a mandibular right lateral with periapical lesion of endodontic origin in a 40 year-old female patient with extra oral fistula and swelling. In the second case, a mandibular right central incisor was affected in a 22 year-old male patient. The root canals were prepared and filled with calcium hydroxide as an intra-canal medicament. The patients were recalled for clinical evaluation at intervals of 3 weeks. Root canals obturations were performed with gutta–percha and AH Plus sealer. The clinical and radiographic examination after 1 year revealed complete repair. This report confirms that large periapical lesions can respond favourably to nonsurgical treatment, Bu makalede cerrahi yaklaşım olmaksızın endodontik tedavi sonrası iki büyük periapikal lezyonlu vakanın iyileşme süreci radyografik değerlendirmeler ile birlikte verilmiştir. İlk olguda 40 yaşında bayan hastada ekstraoral fistül ve şişlikle seyreden sağ alt lateral diş kaynaklı geniş bir periapikal lezyon, ikinci olguda ise 22 yaşında erkek hastada sağ alt santral diş kaynaklı periapikal lezyon görülmektedir. Kök kanallarının preparasyonu yapıldıktan sonra kanallar kalsiyum hidroksit ile dolduruldu. Hastaların tekrar klinik değerlendirilmesi 3 haftalık periyotlarda yapıldı. Kök kanal dolgusu, AH Plus ve güta-perkayla bitirildi. 1 sene sonraki klinik ve radyografik muayenede tamamen iyileşme gözlendi. Bu olgu raporunda cerrahi müdahaleye gerek kalmadan başarılı bir şekilde yapılan endodontik tedaviler sonrasında geniş periapikal lezyonların iyileşebileceği anlatılmıştır.

Joint International Symposium on "The Social Impacts of Developments in Information, Manufacturing and Service Systems" 44th International Conference on Computers and Industrial Engineering, CIE 2014 and 9th International Symposium on Intelligent Manufacturing and Service Systems, IMSS 2014, 14 October 2014 through 16 October 2014, Cellular Manufacturing is a member of modern production methods. In general, design of Cellular Manufacturing Systems (CMS) consists of three decision stages: (1) formation of cells and product groups, (2) layout of cells on the shop floor (inter-cell layout), (3) layout of machines within the cells (intra-cell layout). For a successful CMS design, these decisions should be taken concurrently. In this study, firstly we propose a linear mixed-integer mathematical programming model for the expression of a multi period (dynamic) CMS design problem. The model determines cell formations, product routings, material flows, inter-cell and intra-cell layout. It considers operations sequences of products, alternative product routings, lot splitting, duplicated machines, machine purchasing and removal, dynamic reconfiguration of cells and machines, inter-cell and intra-cell material handling costs, operation costs and durations of products, capacities of machinery and material handling devices. Due to the complexity of the problem we propose a Linear Programming embedded Simulated Annealing method. Several problems from the literature are found and solved for the testing of the method. Computer and Industrial Engineering;et al.;Gaziantep University;Istanbul Commercial University;Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing Systems;Sakarya University, Department of Industrial Engineering

Bu in vitro çalışmada, EDTA, MTAD, CHX ve Distile su irrigasyon solüsyonlarının MTA, Portland çimentosu ve BA üzerine kök ucu dolgu maddesi olarak kullanıldığında kapatıcılık etkinliğini sıvı filtrasyon yöntemi ile kanal duvarına adaptasyonunu ise SEM ile incelemeyi amaçladık. Çalışmamız için 130 adet çekilmiş üst çene santral dişleri kullanıldı. Dişler mine sement sınırından kesildikten sonra, kanallar Ni-Ti döner aletlerle genişletildi. Kanallar AH plus ve guta perka ile dolduruldu. Daha sonra köklerin apikalinden 3mm lik kısmı kesildi ve 3mm derinliğinde retrograd kaviteler hazırlandı. Hazırlanan kökler, rastgele seçilen ve her biri 10 dişten oluşan 12 deney grubuna ve 5'er dişten oluşan pozitif ve negatif kontrol gruplarına ayrıldı. Deney grupları şu şekildedir: Grup 1: EDTA-MTA, Grup 2: CHX-MTA, Grup 3: MTAD- MTA, Grup 4: Distile su-MTA, Grup 5: EDTA- Portland çimentosu, Grup 6: CHX- Portland çimentosu, Grup 7: MTAD- Portland çimentosu, Grup 8: Distile su- Portland çimentosu, Grup 9: EDTA- BA, Grup 10: CHX -BA, Grup 11: MTAD-BA, Grup 12: Distile su- BA. Bu işlemlerden sonra tüm örnekler, deney yapılıncaya kadar % 100 nemli bir ortamda bekletildi. Örneklerimiz daha sonra apikal mikrosızıntılarını belirlemek üzere sıvı filtrasyon cihazına bağlanarak sızıntı miktarları tespit edildi. Her gruptan rastgele seçilen ikişer örnek de SEM incelemesi için hazırlanarak kullandığımız kök ucu dolgu materyallerinin kanal duvarına adaptasyonu değerlendirildi. Sızıntı deneyinden elde edilen bulgular, post hoc Tukey testi kullanılarak istatistiksel olarak değerlendirildi.Çalışmadan elde ettiğimiz bulgulara göre; deneyimizde kullandığımız MTA, Portland çimentosu ve BA retrograd dolgu maddelerinde en az sızıntı klorheksidin (0,000484 ?l/cmH2O/dak-1) ve distile su (0,000469 ?l/cmH2O/dak-1) gruplarında görüldü. En yüksek sızıntı miktarı ise EDTA (0,000704 ?l/cmH2O/dak-1) ve MTAD (0,000732 ?l/cmH2O/dak-1) solüsyon gruplarında tespit edildi. Sızıntı miktarının kullandığımız MTA, Portland çimentosu ve Bioaggregate materyallerinden bağımsız, kullandığımız irrigasyon ajanına bağlı olarak değiştiği belirlendi. SEM de yapmış olduğumuz incelemeye göre; sızıntının yüksek olduğu EDTA ve MTAD gruplarında kök ucu dolgu materyallerinin kanal duvarı ile aralarındaki boşluk miktarının az olduğu ve sızıntının az olarak belirlendiği CHX ve Distile su gruplarında ise kök ucu dolgu materyallerinin kanal duvarı ile aralarında ki boşluk miktarının fazla olduğu görüldü. Çalışmamızda kullanılan Portland çimentosu, MTA ve yeni geliştirilen BA kadar sızıntıyı önlemektedir. Daha fazla çalışmayla klinik kullanımı desteklenerek MTA' nın yerine geçmesi sağlanabilir. Yeni geliştirilen biyoseramik içerikli kanal tamir materyali olan BA'nın sızdırmazlığı MTA kadar iyi bulunmuştur. MTA kadar yaygın kullanılması için daha fazla çalışma yapılarak değerlendirilmesi gerekmektedir The purpose of this in vitro study is to evaluate after using EDTA, MTAD, CHX and distilled water irrigation solutions, MTA, Portland cement and Bioaggragate as using root end filling materials the effectiveness of sealing ability by the fluid filtration method and adaptation of the canal wall by SEM. 130 human maxillar central teeth were used for this study. After cutting of the teeth cemento enamel junction, root canals were expanded using Ni-Ti rotary instruments. Root canals were filled with AH plus and gutta percha. Then the roots was cut apical 3mm and depth of 3mm retrograde cavities were prepared. The roots randomly selected were divided 12 experiments group consisting of 10 teeth and the positive and negative control groups by 5 teeth. Experimental groups are as follows: Group 1: EDTA-MTA, Group 2: CHX-MTA, Group 3: MTAD- MTA, Group 4: Distilled water -MTA, Group 5: EDTA- Portland cement, Group 6: CHX- Portland cement, Group 7: MTAD- Portland cement, Group 8: Distilled water- Portland cement, Group 9: EDTA- BA, Group 10: CHX- BA, Group 11: MTAD- BA, Group 12: Distilled water- BA. After that all the samples were placed in 100% humidity environment until the test was made. Then, our samples of apical microleakage were detected by using fluid filtration method. To determine adaptation of root end filling materials we used, two randomly selected sample from each group were used for SEM examination. The results of leakage test was statistically evaluated with post hoc Tukey's test.According to results of our leakage study, the MTA, Portland cement and BA root end filling materials we used showed the least leakage in chlorhexidine (0.000484 ?l/cmH2O/dak-1) and distilled water (0.000469 ?l/cmH2O/dak-1) solution groups. The highest leakage was determined in EDTA (0.000704 ?l/cmH2O/dk-1) and MTAD (0.000732 ?l/cmH2O/dak-1) solution groups. The amount of leakage was determined independent on MTA, Portland Cement and Bioaggregate materials we used and depending on the change irrigation agent. According to the SEM examination, the highest leakage determined in EDTA and MTAD groups that the amount of space between root end filling materials and root canal wall is less and the least leakage determined in CHX and distilled water groups that the amount of space between root end filling materials and root canal wall is large were seen. Portland cement we used in this study prevented the leakage as well as MTA and the new developed BA. Supporting the clinical use of it by more work should instead of MTA. The sealing ability of new developed bio ceramic containing canal repair material BA was as good as MTA. It should be evaluated after more work for the widespread use of this material as MTA. 111

Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2005, Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2005, Bu çalışmada, idrarın gübre olarak dolaylı yoldan kullanılabilirliği irdelemiştir. Azotun büyük bölümü evsel atıksuda çok az hacimde bulunmasına rağmen, idrarın kaynaklı olup ve evsel atıksuyun içerdiği amonyumun toplam azot kirliğinin % 80’ine yol açtığı bilinmektedir. ECOSAN (Ecological Sanitation / Ekolojik Sağlık) kavramının da belirttiği gibi evsel atıksular atık değil, bir kaynaktır. İdrarın yüksek konsantrasyonlarda gübre etkin maddesi olan azot ve potasyum içermesinden dolayı Ecosan düşüncesi; idrar, dışkı ve bu ikisinin birleştiği sudan tarım için yararlı olması amacıyla gübre etkin maddelerinin geri kazanımını sağlama ve atık suyun yeniden kullanımı fikirlerini desteklemektedir. Çalışmada çevre mühendisliği açısından, tarımsal kullanım amaçlı taze ve depolanmış idrar karakterizasyonu yapılmıştır. Ayrıca, çalışmanın amacı çerçevesinde amonyum ve potasyumun önemli olduğu görülmektedir. Deneylerde iyon değişimi ile Bigadiç klinoptiloliti kullanılarak idrardaki değerli nütrientlerin tutulup daha sonra geri kazanımı incelenmiştir. Karakterizasyon sonucunda, idrarın içeriğinde bulunan yüksek tuzluluktan dolayı diret kullanımının uygun olmadığı sonucuna varılmıştır. Yapılan çalışmalar sonucunda, idrarın klinoptilolit ile muamele edilmesi sonucu, tarımsal amaçlı kullanıma uygun olduğu görülmüştür ve uygun koşullarda % 85’e varan oranlarda amonyumun geri kazanılabildiği gözlenmiştir., The aim of this work is to investigate recovery of active fertilizer materials from separately collected human urine. Nitrogen is one of the primary pollution parameter of wastewater. As a natural source of nitrogen; domestic wastewater contains 20-85 mg/l of total nitrogen and the greatest part of this nitrogen comes from ammonia; domestic wastewater contains 12-50 mg/l of ammonia. Most of the nutrients are attributed to human urine and over 80 % of the total nitrogen in domestic wastewater is estimated to come from human urine.As it is mentioned by ECOSAN; human urine is not a waste, it is a resource. Because of containing high concentrations of active fertilizer materials; ammonia and potassium, Ecological sanitation permits the recovery of all of the nitrogen from feaces, urine and greywater for benefiting agriculture and reuse of water. As the beginning, characterization was done for both fresh and stored urine. For recovery, active fertilizer materials were separated from the urine with ion exchange method, the obtained saturated clinoptilolite from the first stage was separated from the active fertilizer materials by desorption method in the second stage operations. It is seen for the characterization that, urine is not acceptable for irrigational usage because of its high salinity. After processing with clinoptilolite, urine is acceptable for irrigational water standards for salinity and ammonium can be recovered over % 85 under suitable conditions., Yüksek Lisans, M.Sc.

PubMedID: 14696802 Trigger thumb of childhood, termed congenital trigger thumb, is a pathology of the flexor pollicis longus tendon with an unknown etiology. In this study, treatment outcomes of 47 trigger thumbs of 36 children were evaluated. There were 18 males and 18 females with a mean age of 34 months (9 months-13 years). Average age of recognition of pathology by the family was 20.5 months (0-8 years). In seven of 11 bilateral cases pathology was recognized simultaneously while in the other four, diagnosis was made at different times. We used conservative treatment for all patients under three years of age, which was unsuccessful. Thus, surgical relase was performed in all cases. In the mean follow-up of seven years (range 5-15), contracture and palpable nodules disappeared. In conclusion, we believe trigger thumb in childhood should be treated surgically and that the term "congenital trigger thumb" should be changed to "developmental trigger thumb".

A subungual exostosis is a benign bone tumor found on the distal phalanx of a adjacent or beneath to the nail. This tumor is relatively uncommon. From 1981 through 1992 seven patients with subungual exostoses were seen in Cukurova University Orthopaedic clinic. Tumors were localized on great foe of six patients and fourth foe of one patient. All patients were treated by local excision and no patient had local recurrence.