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Brain injury has the third largest prevalence of other injuries in Indonesia. Most brain injuries occur on highways as a result of motorcycling accidents. The only effective way to reduce the death rate from brain injury that occurs in motorcycle accidents is to wear a helmet. Cases of brain injury due to traffic accidents are often found in adolescents because of the lack of understanding of the importance of helmet use. Therefore, education is needed about the importance of using standard helmets when driving among teenagers. The counseling activity was carried out in one of the senior high schools (SMA) in Mataram with the dominant target of teenagers using motorized vehicles. The selected high school is SMA Negeri 2 Mataram. The method of implementing this counseling is by giving lectures on brain injury, the mechanism of trauma and brain injury and the importance of using standard head protective equipment (SNI helmets), playing videos about head trauma and interactive dialogue. The mandatory output that will be produced is in the form of research articles in the Unram Medical Journal. In addition, research results will be reported back to related fields as input and study material for traffic safety program activities in determining policies in planning, implementing, and evaluating programs as well as coordinating with related programs and sectors. The researcher will also provide a banner stand regarding the importance of using standard helmets for motorcycle riders at the activity location which can then be used as a medium of communication, information and education to the school students.

Since 2019, SARS-COV2 has become a global pandemic. Many hospitals has become designated hostilas for the treatment of SARS-COV2 patients. As part of preventive measures, hospitals are required to conduct routine desinfection procedure to minimize the risk of virus transmission. Therefore this study aims to evaluate surface contamination of SARS COV2 at the emergency ward, outpatients SARS COV2 ward and inpatient ward for SARS-COV2 in how hospital. Surface samples were collected for viral RNA detection 5 hours post decontamination. Detection for SARS-COV2 was performed with quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reactin. As many as 18 sampels were collected on October 2021. No samples were detected for the trace of SARS-COV2. Hence this could suggests that sufficient decontamination and preventive measures conducted by healthcare workers were established in our hospital.

Kegiatan menyelam yang dilakukan penyelam tradisional untuk mencari ikan dengan memanah seringkali tidak memperhatikan aspek keselamatan, sehingga risiko cedera penyelaman meningkat. Cedera penyelaman merupakan cedera yang dapat dicegah, jika panduan penyelaman yang aman dipelajari dan dipatuhi. Cedera penyelaman dapat ringan sampai dengan kematian, sehingga edukasi tentang pencegahan dan pengenalan gangguan-gangguan penyakit yang dapat terjadi akibat penyelaman perlu dilakukan. Kegiatan pengabdian ini dilakukan dalam dua kegiatan yang bersamaan: ceramah keamanan penyelaman dan pengobatan gratis. Masyarakat menghadiri kegiatan pengabdian cukup antusias, 30 peserta pengobatan gratis, adapun penyelam tradisional yang berpartisipasi sejumlah 4 orang. Dari 30 peserta pengobatan gratis didominasi jenis kelamin perempuan (18/30), dengan rentang usia 4 – 60 tahun dengan median usia 37 tahun. Penyakit tersering yang dikelukan adalah infeksi saluran pernafasan atas (ISPA) (8/30), keluhan kulit (6/30), hipertensi (6/30), diabetes (4/30), sakit kepala (3/30), diare (1/30), keluhan musculoskeletal (1/30) dan sakit gigi (1/30). Edukasi dilakukan kepada semua masyarakat hadir. Media edukasi yang dipergunakan adalah slide projector dan x-banner. Sebanyak 4 penyelam tradisional datang dengan diagnosis 3 penyakit dekompresi dan 1 barotrauma. Pertanyaan-pertanyaan yang muncul terkait persiapan penyelaman, teknik penyelaman dan do’s and don’t’s setelah menyelam. Kegiatan pengabdian berlangsung dengan baik dihadiri 34 peserta dan diisi dengan pertanyaan interaktif. Tiga penyakit terbanyak ISPA, keluhan kulit dan hipertensi dengan cedera penyelaman berupa penyakit dekompresi dan barotrauma.

BACKGROUND: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have potent immunosuppressive properties to control systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) disease by releasing several anti-inflammatory molecules, particularly indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO), and increasing regulatory T cells (Treg) to control innate and adaptive immune cells. However, how MSCs release IDO to modulate Treg in controlling B is poorly understood. Therefore, investigating IDO, Treg, and B cells following MSC administration in SLE is needed. AIM: This study aimed to investigate the ameliorating effects of MSCs in controlling B cells mediated by an increase of IDO-induced Treg in PBMC of SLE patients. METHODS: This study used a post-test control group design. MSCs were obtained from human umbilical cord blood and characterized according to their surface antigen expression and multilineage differentiation capacities. PBMCs isolated from SLE patients were divided into five groups: Sham (placebo group), control, and three treatment groups. The treatment groups were treated by coculturing MSCs to PBMCs with a ratio of 1:10, 1:25, and 1:40 for 72 h incubation. Treg and B-cell levels were analyzed by flow cytometry with cytometric bead array (CBA) while the IDO levels were determined by ELISA. RESULTS: This study showed that the percentages of B cells decreased significantly in groups treated by dose-dependent MSCs, particularly in T1 and T2 groups followed by increased Treg cell percentages. These findings were aligned with the significant increase of the IDO levels. CONCLUSIONS: MSCs regulated B cells through an increase of IDO-induced Treg in SLE patients’ PBMC.

Keluhan kulit keriput dapat terjadi karena proses penuaan yang dapat disebabkan oleh faktor intrinsik dan ekstrinsik akibat paparan ultraviolet (UV). Penelitian kedokteran membuktikan media sel punca jaringan adiposa terkondisi (conditioned medium) mempunyai kandungan beberapa growth factor dan antioksidan, diduga dapat digunakan sebagai terapi anti-aging.

The autograft treatment has become a gold standard therapy for bone defects, although it has its drawbacks and a side effect of donor site morbidity. Furthermore, the bovine hydroxyapatite xenograft due to its excellent osteoconduction characteristic combined with platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), which is a source of growth factor, makes both utilized as therapeutic measures. Therefore, this study examines the potential use of bovine hydroxyapatite xenograft and platelet-rich fibrin in the treatment of bone defects.The report on three cases of bone defects that were treated using a combination of bovine hydroxyapatite xenograft and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) for internal fixation and grafting was used for this investigation. The study showed that delayed and non-union fractures of the femur, humerus, and tibia may cause bone deformities.The outcome revealed a positive clinical and radiological finding about using the combination of bovine hydroxyapatite xenograft and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) in the repair of bone defects and acceleration of healing processes.The use of a combination of bovine hydroxyapatite xenograft and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) in the repair of bone defects shows more effective and accelerated healing. Future studies with a bigger sample size may be carried out and are expected to yield optimal results.

Cadmium (Cd) is a nephrotoxic heavy metal which endangers human health, especially welding workers. Cadmium can enter the body through inhalation of formed air pollutants. Cadmium would then bind with metallotionins, binds Cd+Mt, which would be deposited in the kidneys and induces the formation of lipid-free radical peroxidation that damages the kidneys, characterized by an increase of creatinine and β2 microglobulins. This service aims to educate welding workers about the impact of cadmium intoxication on the body and the prevention against cadmium exposure. The methods used are demonstration and playback of a video about prevention against cadmium exposure. This activity was carried out on May 6th, 2021 at the CV. Rigansa Mataram welding workshop. The activity was attended by ten participants. The results are an increase of knowledge from a mean pretest score of 50 to a mean posttest score of 90

Introduction: Liver fibrosis (LF) is the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM), produced by overactivated hepatic stellate cells, following prolonged transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) stimulation. The ability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to improve LF has been reported. However, the mechanisms of MSCs to ameliorate LF through suppressing TGF-β and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) remains unclear. Aim: To investigate the effects of MSCs treatment on suppressing TGF-β levels and decreasing α-SMA expression in an LF model. Methods: In this study, wenty-four male Wistar rats were injected intraperitoneal (IP) with carbon tetrachloride (CCL4), twice weekly, for eight weeks, to induce LF. Rats were randomly assigned to six groups: Sham, Control, Sham-lo, Sham-hi, and MSC-treated groups, at doses of 1 x 106 (T1) and 2x106 (T2) cells. TGF-β levels were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), whereas α-SMA expression was determined by immunohistochemistry staining. Results: MSCs decreased the expression of TGF-β in T1 and T2 groups on day 3 and 14. The T2 group showed lower TGF-β levels than that in the T1 group. This finding was in line with the observed decrease in α-SMA expression and the number of collagen. Conclusion: MSCs treatment ameliorated LF by suppressing TGF-β production, leading to decreased α-SMA expression in a CCL4-induced LF animal model.

IntroductionLiver fibrosis (LF) results from the unregulated chronic wound healing process in liver tissue. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) is the major contributing cytokine of LF promotion through activation of quiescent hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) into myofibroblasts (MFs) and increased extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition such as collagen leading to scar tissue development. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have an immunomodulatory capability that could be used as a new treatment for repairing and regenerating LF through suppression of TGF-β. This study aimed to examine the role of MSCs in liver fibrosis animal models through suppression of TGF-β levels without scar formation particularly in the proliferation phase.MethodsIn this study, a completely randomized design was used with sample size of 24. Male Sprague Dawley rats were injected intraperitoneally (IP) with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), twice weekly, for eight weeks to induce LF. Rats were randomly assigned to four groups: negative control, CCl4 group, and CCL4 + MSC-treated groups T1 and T2, at doses of 1 x 106 and 2x106 cells, respectively. TGF-β levels were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). One-way ANOVA and a least significant difference (LSD) was used to analyse the data. ResultsThe TGF levels of LF rat models decreased on day 7 after MSC administration. The levels of TGF-β in both MSC groups T1 and T2 decreased significantly compared with the control group (p

Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) under TNF-α stimulation (MSC-CM-T) can release numerous trophic and survival molecules that have a promising prospect in wound healing acceleration. However, the effective levels of MSC-CM-T in topical gel preparation to accelerate wound healing should be further explored. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of MSC-CM-T in topical gel preparation in accelerating optimal wound healing through analyzing PDGF levels, wound closure rate percentages, and fibroblast density appearances. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were performed a full-thickness excision. The group studies were randomly assigned into four subgroups: control gel, control medium, and two treatment groups: MSC-CM-T topical gel at doses of 100 μL and 200 μL (T1 and T2, respectively). Wound closure rates were measured by standard caliper, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) levels were analyzed using ELISA on days 3 and 6, whereas the fibroblast density appearances were determined using hematoxylin-eosin staining. This study found a significant increase in PDGF levels in all treatment groups on days 3 and 6. These findings were in line with the increase of wound closure rates in all treatment groups on day 6, in which the high dose of MSC-CM-T was more effective in initiating the increase of wound closure rate. We also found the fibroblast density appearances on day 6 in the T2 group. We conclude that the topical gel of MSC-CM-T is more effective in accelerating wound closure healing through increasing PDGF levels and wound closure percentages and fibroblast density appearances in the skin defect animal models.

Two patients suffering from chronic recurrent tonsillitis were reported. The first patient was confirmed infected with COVID-19, 3 weeks prior to tonsillectomy. The detritus and tonsil specimen were further analysed through real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and revealed amplification of the fragment N and ORF1ab genes of SARS-CoV-2. The second patient had a negative IgM and positive IgG antibody for COVID-19; however, the nasopharyngeal swab indicated negative for SARS-CoV-2. Tonsillectomy was performed 2 weeks after the swab; the tonsil specimen was analysed through RT-PCR and revealed amplification of the N2 and RdRp gene of SARS-CoV-2. According to both results, the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 gene remains to be detected in tonsil and/or detritus after 2–3 weeks after recovery. Hence, it is suggested that it is necessary to use adequate protection when performing tonsillectomy on early recovered patients with COVID-19. Furthermore, tonsillectomy would be more advisable to be performed after the fourth week after recovery from COVID-19.

Introduction Liver fibrosis (LF) is the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM), produced by overactivated hepatic stellate cells, following prolonged transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) stimulation. The ability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to improve LF has been reported. However, the mechanisms of MSCs to ameliorate LF through suppressing TGF-β and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) remains unclear. Aim To investigate the effects of MSCs treatment on suppressing TGF-β levels and decreasing α-SMA expression in an LF model. Methods In this study, wenty-four male Wistar rats were injected intraperitoneal (IP) with carbon tetrachloride (CCL4), twice weekly, for eight weeks, to induce LF. Rats were randomly assigned to six groups: Sham, Control, Sham-lo, Sham-hi, and MSC-treated groups, at doses of 1 x 106 (T1) and 2x106 (T2) cells. TGF-β levels were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), whereas α-SMA expression was determined by immunohistochemistry staining. Results MSCs decreased the expression of TGF-β in T1 and T2 groups on day 3 and 14. The T2 group showed lower TGF-β levels than that in the T1 group. This finding was in line with the observed decrease in α-SMA expression and the number of collagen. Conclusion MSCs treatment ameliorated LF by suppressing TGF-β production, leading to decreased α-SMA expression in a CCL4-induced LF animal model.

Conclusion Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells may be a new potential cell source for laryngeal muscle regeneration in the treatment of vocal fold atrophy after recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis. Objectives Unilateral vocal fold paralysis can lead to degeneration, atrophy, and loss of force of the thyroarytenoid muscle. At present, there are some treatments such as thyroplasty, arytenoid adduction, and vocal fold injection. However, such treatments cannot restore reduced mass of the thyroarytenoid muscle. iPS cells have been recognized as supplying a potential resource for cell transplantation. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of the use of iPS cells for the regeneration of laryngeal muscle through the evaluation of both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Methods Skeletal muscle cells were generated from tdTomato-labeled iPS cells using embryoid body formation. Differentiation into skeletal muscle cells was analyzed by gene expression and immunocytochemistry. The tdTomato-labeled iPS cell-derived skeletal muscle cells were transplanted into the left atrophied thyroarytenoid muscle. To evaluate the engraftment of these cells after transplantation, immunohistochemistry was performed. Results The tdTomato-labeled iPS cells were successfully differentiated into skeletal muscle cells through an in vitro experiment. These cells survived in the atrophied thyroarytenoid muscle after transplantation.