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2. Unravelling the microalgal community in the plastisphere: preliminary results from the PhytoPlastic project

Author

Nava, V, Orlandi, V, Misteli, B, Abbasi, M, Adekolurejo, O, Aurich, P, Barthélémy, N, Bick, B, Burri, B, Cabrerizo, M, Chonova, T, De Santis, V, Dory, F, Drost, A, Fehlinger, F, Figler, A, Gray, E, Halabowski, D, Harvey, D, Mori-Bazzano, L, Moser, V, Nowakowski, K, Pasqualini, J, Rotta, F, Schmid-Paech, B, Seewald, M, Touchet, C, Vaziourakis, K, Vázquez, V, Wagaw, S, Yousefi, A, Gostyńska, J, Nava, V, Orlandi, V, Misteli, B, Abbasi, M, Adekolurejo, O, Aurich, P, Barthélémy, N, Bick, B, Burri, B, Cabrerizo, M, Chonova, T, De Santis, V, Dory, F, Drost, A, Fehlinger, F, Figler, A, Gray, E, Halabowski, D, Harvey, D, Mori-Bazzano, L, Moser, V, Nowakowski, K, Pasqualini, J, Rotta, F, Schmid-Paech, B, Seewald, M, Touchet, C, Vaziourakis, K, Vázquez, V, Wagaw, S, Yousefi, A, and Gostyńska, J

Subjects
plastic pollution, plastisphere, phytobenthos
Abstract

The ‘plastisphere’, the diverse microbial community growing on the surface of floating plastic debris, represents a new artificial habitat for drifting aquatic organisms. Despite the presence of microalgae within this epiplastic biofilm has been documented, it is still unclear how these materials influence the structure and dynamics of microalgae communities, in particular in freshwater ecosystems. Here, we present the first results of the 4th collaborative FreshProject "PhytoPlastic". The project is aimed at investigating the temporal establishment of phytobenthos on different plastic polymers in lakes over a wide geographical scale. We incubated two widely used plastic polymers (low-density polyethylene-LDPE, polyethylene terephthalate-PET) and glass substrates (as control) in 14 lakes across Europe. To assess the temporal and seasonal evolution of the colonisation, samples were collected in each season after 3, 7, 15, and 30 days. For each substrate, we assessed the phytobenthic biomass estimating the chlorophyll a, and the ash-free dry mass. Moreover, microalgae composition was taxonomically determined on a subset of samples. This project represents, to the best of our knowledge, the first coordinated experiment conducted at a large spatial scale that explores the microalgae-plastic interaction. We will thereby generate a unique dataset, providing additional knowledge about the key drivers of the processes involved. Besides the valuable scientific knowledge, the project represents a large collaboration among early career researchers in freshwater sciences and will set the basis for further partnerships.

Published
2023

5. Prevalence Implications of the 2017 American Academy of Pediatrics Hypertension Guideline and Associations with Adult Hypertension.

Author

Khoury, M, Khoury, P, Bazzano, L, Burns, TL, Daniels, S, Dwyer, T, Ikonen, J, Jacobs, DR, Juonala, M, Kähönen, M, Prineas, R, Raitakari, OT, Steinberger, J, Venn, A, Viikari, J, Woo, JG, Sinaiko, A, Urbina, EM, Khoury, M, Khoury, P, Bazzano, L, Burns, TL, Daniels, S, Dwyer, T, Ikonen, J, Jacobs, DR, Juonala, M, Kähönen, M, Prineas, R, Raitakari, OT, Steinberger, J, Venn, A, Viikari, J, Woo, JG, Sinaiko, A, and Urbina, EM

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of the 2017 American Academy of Pediatrics hypertension Clinical Practice Guideline (CPG), compared with the previous guideline ("Fourth Report"), on the frequency of hypertensive blood pressure (BP) measurements in childhood and associations with hypertension in adulthood using data from the International Childhood Cardiovascular Cohort Consortium. STUDY DESIGN: Childhood BPs were categorized in normal, prehypertensive/elevated, and hypertensive (stage 1 and 2) ranges using the Fourth Report and the CPG. Participants were contacted in adulthood to assess self-reported hypertension. The associations between childhood hypertensive range BPs and self-reported adult hypertension were evaluated. RESULTS: Data were available for 34 014 youth (10.4 ± 3.1 years, 50.6% female) with 92 751 BP assessments. Compared with the Fourth Report, the CPG increased hypertensive readings from 7.6% to 13.5% and from 1.3% to 2.5% for stage 1 and 2 hypertensive range, respectively (P < .0001). Of 12 761 adults (48.8 ± 7.9 years, 43% male), 3839 (30.1%) had self-reported hypertension. The sensitivity for predicting adult hypertension among those with hypertensive range BPs at any point in childhood, as defined by the Fourth Report and the CPG, respectively, was 13.4% and 22.4% (specificity 92.3% and 85.9%, P < .001), with no significant impact on positive and negative predictive values. Associations with self-reported adult hypertension were similar and weak (c-statistic range 0.61-0.68) for hypertensive range BPs as defined by the Fourth Report and CPG. CONCLUSIONS: The CPG significantly increased the prevalence of childhood BPs in hypertensive ranges and improved the sensitivity, without an overall strengthened association, of predicting self-reported adult hypertension.

Published
2022

6. Body-mass index trajectories from childhood to mid-adulthood and their sociodemographic predictors: Evidence from the International Childhood Cardiovascular Cohort (i3C) Consortium.

Author

Cleland, V, Tian, J, Buscot, M-J, Magnussen, CG, Bazzano, L, Burns, TL, Daniels, S, Dwyer, T, Hutri-Kahonen, N, Ikonen, J, Jacobs, D, Juonala, M, Prineas, R, Raitakari, O, Sinaiko, A, Steinberger, J, Urbina, EM, Woo, JG, Venn, A, Cleland, V, Tian, J, Buscot, M-J, Magnussen, CG, Bazzano, L, Burns, TL, Daniels, S, Dwyer, T, Hutri-Kahonen, N, Ikonen, J, Jacobs, D, Juonala, M, Prineas, R, Raitakari, O, Sinaiko, A, Steinberger, J, Urbina, EM, Woo, JG, and Venn, A

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Understanding lifecourse trajectories of body-mass index (BMI) is important for identifying groups at high risk of poor health and potential target points for intervention. This study aimed to describe BMI trajectories from childhood to mid-adulthood in four population-based cohorts established in the 1970s and 1980s and to identify childhood sociodemographic factors related to trajectory membership. METHODS: Between Dec 17, 1970 and Dec 15, 1994, data were collected at the first visit from 9830 participants from the International Childhood Cardiovascular Cohort (i3C) Consortium, which includes participants from Australia (1985), Finland (1980) and the USA (1970-1994). Participants had at least three measures of height and weight, including one in childhood (6-18 years) and one in adulthood (>18 years), and were aged 30-49 years at last measurement. Latent Class Growth Mixture Modelling was used to identify lifecourse BMI trajectory groups and log multinomial regression models were fit to identify their childhood sociodemographic predictors. FINDINGS: Five consistent BMI trajectory groups were identified amongst the four cohorts: persistently low (35.9-58.6%), improving from high (0.7-4.8%), progressing to moderate (9.3-43.7%), progressing to high (1.1-6.0%), and progressing to very high (0.7-1.3%). An additional three BMI trajectory groups were identified in some, but not all, cohorts: adult onset high (three cohorts; 1.8-20.7%), progressing to moderate-high (two cohorts; 5.2-13.8%), and relapsing yo-yoers (alternating upward and downward; one cohort; 1.3%). In pooled analyses, each predictor variable in childhood, including age, gender, parental education and race, was associated with increased likelihood of belonging to the most (e.g., improving from high) and least (e.g., progressing to very high) favourable BMI trajectory groups, suggesting a U-shaped (or inverse U-shaped) pattern of association. INTERPRETATION: Five consistent BMI trajectory groups

Published
2022

10. Prediction of adult class II/III obesity from childhood BMI: the i3C consortium.

Author

Woo, JG, Zhang, N, Fenchel, M, Jacobs, DR, Hu, T, Urbina, EM, Burns, TL, Raitakari, O, Steinberger, J, Bazzano, L, Prineas, RJ, Jaquish, C, Juonala, M, Ryder, JR, Daniels, SR, Sinaiko, A, Dwyer, T, Venn, A, Woo, JG, Zhang, N, Fenchel, M, Jacobs, DR, Hu, T, Urbina, EM, Burns, TL, Raitakari, O, Steinberger, J, Bazzano, L, Prineas, RJ, Jaquish, C, Juonala, M, Ryder, JR, Daniels, SR, Sinaiko, A, Dwyer, T, and Venn, A

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Adult class II/III obesity (BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2) has significant adverse health outcomes. Early prevention and treatment are critical, but prospective childhood risk estimates are lacking. This study aimed to define the prospective risk of adult class II/III obesity, using childhood BMI. METHODS: Children ages 3-19 years enrolled in cohorts of the International Childhood Cardiovascular Cohort (i3C) consortium with measured BMI assessments in childhood and adulthood were included. Prospective risk of adult class II/III obesity was modeled based on childhood age, sex, race, and BMI. RESULTS: A total of 12,142 individuals (44% male, 85% white) were assessed at median age 14 [Interquartile range, IQR: 11, 16] and 33 [28, 39] years. Class II/III adult obesity developed in 6% of children with normal weight; 29% of children with overweight; 56% of children with obesity; and 80% of children with severe obesity. However, 38% of the 1440 adults with class II/III obesity (553/1440) were normal weight as children. Prospective risk of adult class II/III obesity varied by age, sex, and race within childhood weight status classifications, and is notably higher for girls, black participants, and those in the United States. The risk of class II/III obesity increased with older adult age. CONCLUSIONS: Children with obesity or severe obesity have a substantial risk of adult class II/III obesity, and observed prospective risk estimates are now presented by age, sex, race, and childhood BMI. Clinical monitoring of children's BMI for adult class II/III obesity risk may be especially important for females and black Americans.

Published
2020

16. Genome-wide association study of breakfast skipping links clock regulation with food timing

Author

Dashti, H.S., Merino, J., Lane, J.M., Song, Y.W., Smith, C.E., Tanaka, T., McKeown, N.M., Tucker, C., Sun, D.J.Y., Bartz, T.M., Li-Gao, R.F., Nisa, H., Reutrakul, S., Lemaitre, R.N., Alshehri, T.M., Mutsert, R. de, Bazzano, L., Qi, L., Knutson, K.L., Psaty, B.M., Mook-Kanamori, D.O., Perica, V.B., Neuhouser, M.L., Scheer, F.A.J.L., Rutter, M.K., Garaulet, M., and Saxena, R.

Subjects
food timing, circadian clock, GWAS, breakfast, chronobiology
Published
2019

17. Relation of Blood Pressure in Childhood to Self-Reported Hypertension in Adulthood

Author

Urbina, EM, Khoury, PR, Bazzano, L, Burns, TL, Daniels, S, Dwyer, T, Hu, T, Jacobs, DR, Juonala, M, Prineas, R, Raitakari, O, Steinberger, J, Venn, A, Woo, JG, and Sinaiko, A

Subjects
Adult, Male, Adolescent, Blood Pressure, Blood Pressure Determination, United States, Article, Body Mass Index, Young Adult, Risk Factors, Hypertension, Disease Progression, Prevalence, Humans, Female, Self Report, Child, Life Style, Follow-Up Studies, Retrospective Studies
Abstract

Blood pressure (BP) tracking (maintaining a BP percentile) across life is not well defined but is important in predicting which children will become hypertensive adults. We computed BP tracking in subjects with BP measured in childhood and adulthood and performed logistic regression to determine the ability of childhood BP to predict adult hypertension (N=5035, 46.7 years, 74.2% white, 17.7% black; 39.6% male). Prevalence of hypertension was 29%. Correlations between systolic BP for child and adolescent were r=0.48; for adolescent and young adult were r=0.40, and for child and young adult were r=0.24 (all P

Published
2019

18. Utility of Different Blood Pressure Measurement Components in Childhood to Predict Adult Carotid Intima-Media Thickness

Author

Koskinen, J, Juonala, M, Dwyer, T, Venn, A, Petkeviciene, J, Čeponienė, I, Bazzano, L, Chen, W, Sabin, MA, Burns, TL, Viikari, JSA, Woo, JG, Urbina, EM, Prineas, R, Hutri-Kähönen, N, Sinaiko, A, Jacobs, DR, Steinberger, J, Daniels, S, Raitakari, O, and Magnussen, CG

Subjects
Adult, Male, Adolescent, Cardiovascular Diseases, Diastole, Systole, Child, Preschool, Humans, Blood Pressure Determination, Female, Child, Carotid Intima-Media Thickness
Abstract

Childhood blood pressure (BP) levels predict adult subclinical atherosclerosis. However, the best childhood BP component for prediction has not been determined. This study comprised 5925 participants aged 3 to 18 years from 6 cohorts who were followed into adulthood (mean follow-up 25.8±6.2 years). Childhood BP was measured by using a standard mercury sphygmomanometer in all cohorts. Study-specific carotid intima-media thickness ≥90th percentile was used to define subclinical atherosclerosis. Per SD change in the predictor, childhood systolic BP (SBP; age- and sex-adjusted odds ratio [95% CI], 1.24 [1.13-1.37]), mean arterial pressure (1.10 [1.07-1.13]), and pulse pressure (1.15 [1.05-1.27]) were associated with increased adulthood intima-media thickness. In age- and sex-adjusted analyses, area under the receiver operating characteristic curves for SBP ( C value [95% CI], 0.677 [0.657-0.704]) showed significantly improved prediction compared with diastolic BP (0.669 [0.646-0.693], P=0.006) or mean arterial pressure (0.674 [0.653-0.699], P=0.01). Pulse pressure provided a C value that was not different from SBP (0.676 [0.653-0.699], P=0.16). Combining different BP components did not improve prediction over SBP measurement alone. Based on the associations with adult carotid intima-media thickness, cut points for elevated SBP were 105 mm Hg for 3- to 6-year-old boys, 108 mm Hg for 3- to 6-year-old girls, 108 mm Hg for 7- to 12-year-old boys, 106 mm Hg for 7- to 12-year-old girls, 123 mm Hg for 13- to 18-year-old boys, and 115 mm Hg for 13- to 18-year-old girls. Our analyses suggest that several childhood BP measurement components are related to adulthood carotid intima-media thickness. Of these, SBP provided the best predictive ability.

Published
2018

19. 1447Childhood risk factors and cardiovascular disease outcomes in adulthood. Preliminary findings from the International Childhood Cardiovascular Cohort (i3C) Consortium

Author

Dwyer, T, primary, Jacobs, D R, additional, Woo, J G, additional, Urbina, E M, additional, Bazzano, L, additional, Juonala, M, additional, Viikari, J S, additional, Chen, W, additional, Prineas, R J, additional, Steinberger, J, additional, Daniels, S, additional, Sinaiko, A, additional, Venn, A, additional, Burns, T, additional, and Raitakari, O T, additional

Published
2019
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21. Childhood Age and Associations Between Childhood Metabolic Syndrome and Adult Risk for Metabolic Syndrome, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Carotid Intima Media Thickness: The International Childhood Cardiovascular Cohort Consortium

Author

Koskinen, J, Magnussen, CG, Sinaiko, A, Woo, J, Urbina, E, Jacobs, DR, Steinberger, J, Prineas, R, Sabin, MA, Burns, T, Berenson, G, Bazzano, L, Venn, A, Viikari, JSA, Hutri-Kahonen, N, Raitakari, O, Dwyer, T, Juonala, M, Koskinen, J, Magnussen, CG, Sinaiko, A, Woo, J, Urbina, E, Jacobs, DR, Steinberger, J, Prineas, R, Sabin, MA, Burns, T, Berenson, G, Bazzano, L, Venn, A, Viikari, JSA, Hutri-Kahonen, N, Raitakari, O, Dwyer, T, and Juonala, M

Abstract

BACKGROUND: There is paucity of knowledge concerning the specific age in youth when the associations of metabolic syndrome (MetS) begin to be operative. Thus, we investigated the relation of age to the associations of childhood MetS with adult MetS, type 2 diabetes mellitus and high carotid intima-media thickness. METHODS AND RESULTS: Five thousand eight-hundred three participants were analyzed in 4 cohort studies (Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns, Bogalusa Heart Study, Princeton Lipid Research Study, Insulin Study). International cutoffs and previously used 75th percentile cutoffs were used for children to define MetS and its components. Mean follow-up period was 22.3 years. Logistic regression was used to calculate risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Childhood MetS and overweight were associated with over 2.4-fold risk for adult MetS from the age of 5 years onward. Risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus was increased from the age of 8 (risk ratio, 2.6-4.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.35-6.76 and 1.12-7.24, respectively) onward for the 2 childhood MetS criteria based on international cut-off values and for childhood overweight. Risk for high carotid intima-media thickness was significant at ages 11 to 18 years in relation to childhood MetS or overweight (risk ratio, 2.44-4.22; 95% confidence interval, 1.55-3.55 and 2.55-5.66, respectively). Continuous childhood MetS score was associated with adult MetS from the age of 5, with type 2 diabetes mellitus from the age of 14 and with high carotid intima-media thickness from the age of 11 years onward. CONCLUSIONS: Adult MetS was predicted by MetS in childhood beginning at age 5. However, adult type 2 diabetes mellitus and subclinical atherosclerosis were not predicted by childhood data until after age 8. Body mass index measurement alone at the same age points provided similar findings.

Published
2017

22. Childhood adiposity and fertility difficulties: the Bogalusa Heart Study

Author

Jacobs, M. B., Bazzano, L. A., Pridjian, G., and Harville, E. W.

Subjects
Adult, Pediatric Obesity, Adolescent, Overweight, Article, Body Mass Index, Cohort Studies, Fertility, Pregnancy, Child, Preschool, Humans, Female, Longitudinal Studies, Prospective Studies, Child, Infertility, Female, Adiposity
Abstract

Adult obesity is associated with infertility; however, childhood obesity has received little consideration.The present study sought to evaluate the impact of childhood adiposity on fertility.Associations between childhood adiposity and self-reported fertility difficulties were estimated among women participating in a long-term study of cardiovascular risks and reproductive health (n = 1061).Participants with obesity between ages 9 and 12 were more likely to report fertility difficulties (adjusted relative risk [aRR], 1.82, 95% CI 1.17-2.82) and inability to become pregnant when trying (aRR = 1.94, 95% CI 1.22-3.08) as were those with obesity prior to age 9 (aRR = 1.76, 95% CI 1.04-2.97). Similar associations were seen among those ever overweight or obese in childhood. High subscapular skinfold thickness (age 12) increased risk of receiving help becoming pregnant (aRR = 2.16, 95% CI 1.15-4.06), inability to become pregnant (aRR = 1.46, 95% CI 1.05-2.04) and any fertility difficulties (aRR = 1.56, 95% CI 1.13-2.14); associations for triceps skinfold were attenuated. Participants with increased adiposity also had fewer pregnancies and live births. Effects persisted, excluding women with polycystic ovarian syndrome.This study supports an association between childhood adiposity and infertility, not solely driven by polycystic ovarian syndrome.

Published
2016

23. Childhood obesity patterns and relation to middle-age sleep apnoea risk: the Bogalusa Heart Study

Author

Bazzano, L. A., Hu, T., Bertisch, S. M., Yao, L., Harville, E. W., Gustat, J., Chen, W., Webber, L. S., Shu, T., and Redline, S.

Subjects
Adult, Male, Pediatric Obesity, Sleep Apnea, Obstructive, Adolescent, Body Weight, Middle Aged, Overweight, Article, Risk Factors, Child, Preschool, Humans, Female, Prospective Studies, Child, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

Obese adults have a higher risk of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA); however, the relationship between childhood obesity and adult OSA risk is unclear. Objectives This study aimed to examine overweight/obesity (OW) in childhood and risk of OSA in middle age.Childhood OW status was classified as never OW, weight cycling, persistent OW and incident OW. After 35 years of follow-up, high risk for OSA was determined by a positive score in ≥2 domains on the Berlin Questionnaire with obesity removed from scoring.At initial assessment, mean (SD) age was 9.9 (2.9) years, and 23.9% were OW. Overall, 25.7% had scores indicating a high risk for OSA. Compared with participants who were never OW, those with persistent OW and incident OW were 1.36 (95%CI: 1.04-1.77) and 1.47 (1.11-1.96) times more likely to be high risk for OSA, after adjustment for multiple risk factors and adult OW status. Participants with an OW duration of 1-4 years, 5-8 years, and 8+ years were 0.96 (0.44-2.09), 1.20 (0.70-2.04) and 1.52 (1.22-1.90) times more likely to be high risk for OSA compared with those who were never OW (P for trend: 0.0002).These results suggest that childhood OW is associated with a high risk of OSA in middle age.

Published
2016

33. Indicators of fetal growth and adult liver enzymes: the Bogalusa Heart Study and the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study.

Author

Harville, E. W., Chen, W., Bazzano, L., Oikonen, M., Hutri-Kähönen, N., and Raitakari, O.

Abstract

Despite the interest in the relationship of fetal exposures to adult cardiovascular disease, few studies have examined indicators of adult fatty liver disease as an outcome. Previous results are inconsistent, and indicate possible variation by sex. Adult liver enzymes [γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartase transaminase (AST)] were measured in two cohort studies: the Bogalusa Heart Study (BHS; n=1803) and the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns (YF; n=3571) study, which also had ultrasound measures of liver fat (n=2546). Predictors of dichotomized (clinical cut-offs) and continuous (within the reference range) liver enzymes included low birthweight (<2500 g), macrosomia (>4000 g), small-for-gestational-age (birthweight <10th percentile for gestational age for population), large-for-gestational-age (>90th percentile), and preterm birth. Multiple logistic and linear regression were conducted, adjusted for medical, behavioral and socioeconomic indicators. Interactions with sex were also examined. In BHS, birth measures were not strongly associated with clinically high levels of liver enzymes, and within the reference range measures of reduced growth were associated with increased AST in women. In the YF study, at least one marker of reduced growth was associated with higher GGT, higher ALT and higher AST (in women). Probable fatty liver on ultrasound was associated with low birthweight (2.41, 1.42–4.09) and preterm birth (2.84, 1.70–4.76). These results suggest a link between birth parameters and adult fatty liver, but encourage consideration of population variation in these relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
2017
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48. Dietary sodium intake and subsequent risk of cardiovascular disease in overweight adults.

Author

He J, Ogden LG, Vupputuri S, Bazzano LA, Loria C, Whelton PK, He, J, Ogden, L G, Vupputuri, S, Bazzano, L A, Loria, C, and Whelton, P K

Abstract

Context: Dietary sodium is positively associated with blood pressure, and ecological and animal studies both have suggested that high dietary sodium intake increases stroke mortality.Objective: To examine the risk of cardiovascular disease associated with dietary sodium intake in overweight and nonoverweight persons.Design: Prospective cohort study.Setting: The first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Epidemiologic Follow-up Study, conducted in 1982-1984, 1986, 1987, and 1992.Participants: Of those aged 25 to 74 years when the survey was conducted in 1971 -1975 (14407 participants), a total of 2688 overweight and 6797 nonoverweight persons were included in the analysis.Main Outcome Measures: Dietary sodium and energy intake were estimated at baseline using a single 24-hour dietary recall method. Incidence and mortality data for cardiovascular disease were obtained from medical records and death certificates.Results: For overweight and nonoverweight persons, over an average of 19 years of follow-up, the total number of documented cases were as follows: 680 stroke events (210 fatal), 1727 coronary heart disease events (614 fatal), 895 cardiovascular disease deaths, and 2486 deaths from all causes. Among overweight persons with an average energy intake of 7452 kJ, a 100 mmol higher sodium intake was associated with a 32% increase (relative risk [RR], 1.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07-1.64; P = .01) in stroke incidence, 89% increase (RR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.31-2.74; P<.001) in stroke mortality, 44% increase (RR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.14-1.81; P = .002) in coronary heart disease mortality, 61% increase (RR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.32-1.96; P<.001) in cardiovascular disease mortality, and 39% increase (RR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.23-1.58; P<.001) in mortality from all causes. Dietary sodium intake was not significantly associated with cardiovascular disease risk in nonoverweight persons.Conclusions: Our analysis indicates that high sodium intake is strongly and independently associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in overweight persons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1999

50. Epidemiological study on comorbidity of mental disorders and substance-related disorders in Italian Mental Health Care Trusts: Preliminary results | Studio epidemiologico sulla comorbidità tra disturbi mentali e disturbi correlati all'uso di sostanze nei Dipartimenti di Salute Mentale italiani: Risultati preliminari

Author

Clerici, M., Carrà, G., Segagni Lusignani, G., Sciarini, P., Borrelli, P., Popa, I., Di Giannantonio, M., Montomoli, C., Favaretto, G., Morandin, I., Vincenzo De Leo, Corrivetti, G., Mellado, C., Gesuele, F., Marco, F., Gabrielli, D., Vanetti, M., Marasco, M., Lo Magro, M., Vinci, F., Carbonaro, C., Scicolone, I., Comis, B., Argentino, P., Bazzano, L., Filippone, L., Angelino, J., Guerrieri, R., Sgarlata, G., Mastroianni, L., Bianchin, G., Citron, A., Alacqua, M., Galvano, O., Iannone, V., Pertile, I., Rocco, P., Sabbadin, E., Salce, G., Sanzovo, S., Sartoretto, M., Novello, M., Bearzi, C., Luciano, L., Russo, M. C., Capocasale, F., Panella, D., Piombo, L., Cicco, G., Fasulo, E., Leonetti, G., Chianura, P., Maffei, V., Lonigro, L., Orsi, D., Cramarossa, F., Valente, R., Desiderato, E., Lanave, L., Panaro, V., Carofiglio, A., Scorpiniti, F., Scarone, F., D Urso, N., Tagliavini, G., Sferrazza, M. G., Rizzo, M., Pismataro, P., Pellizer, M., Panetta, B., Mormandi, G., Mori, P., Mari, L., Giroletti, A., Girardi, T., Ferri, S., Dragoni, C., Cittone, L., Cauli, G., Bianchi, I., Alietti, M., Paudice, C., Ariano, M., Buongiglio, G., Coppola, C., Ianuale, N., Mocerino, F., Rivellini, M., Romano, D., Uliveto, A., Ciriello, R., Giamundo, G., Francese, B., Gatti, E., Fagioli, L., Ragazzini, S., Belletti, S., Marni, A., Magnani, G., Sommi, M., Fietta, P., Soavi, G., Nuzzi, A., Tresca, E., Celani, T., Ortano, G., Nugnes, E., Cappellari, L., Zara, M., Bonifaci, G., Carraro, C., Compagno, S., Loschi, S., Meneghetti, L., Riolo, R., Rossi, E., Turella, E., Bontempelli, S., Gatto, A., Padoani, W., Pauro, P., Santucci, M. G., Scalabrin, M., Tosin, C., Pinciara, B., Somenzini, G., Allevi, L., Brambilla, S., Caparrelli, S., Gadaldi, R., Giunta, G., Lanfranconi, M., Orlando, G., Tommesani, P., Zecca, G., Nano, D., Pollastro, F., Feri, C., Moretti, R., Arslanian, A., Valsesia, R., Viglino, R., Campus, M., Maffi, M. M., Giacobone, C., Nicali, E., Risso, F., Marchiaro, L., Costanzo, F., Madaro, A., Ciotta, V., Cinapro, M., Belvisi, G., Rosso, V., Pacilli, A. M., Arduini, L., Palomba, U., Saragò, R., Rabboni, M., Pellegris, M., Pinto, M., Daniele, M. T., Arpea, M. P., Trasatti, G., Caroppo, E., Condemi, G. M., Gori, P., Cutillo, L., D Auria, A., Ferri, E., Fiore, V., Lanza, F., Manna, V., Secchiaroli, L., Tallarida, R., Tombolini, L., Bellini, M., Candotti, S., Di Fiorino, M., Miniati, M., Bani, A., Martinucci, M., Paoli, G., Lorusso, P., Negri, C., Casazza, M., Lizzos, F., Sforzini, A., Bertolotti, L., Papale, L., Aroasio, P. L., Buscaglia, V., Caronna, P., Weiss, G., Marino, R., Simonetti, N., Fenoglio, L., Salvaneschi, A., Taddia, G., Bertuzzi, M., Perazzi, M., Nannini, M., Vaschetto, P., Acerra, A., Ruggiero, F. S., Pirolo, D., Torti, C., Garbini, M., Barontini, S., Pupeschi, L., Meschi, M., Garofalo, A., Paoli, R., Galli, L., Frare, F., Pirfo, E., and Barile, C.

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