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BackgroundBased on its definition of an individual’s quality of life, the World Health Organization identified the following six basic domains of this concept: physical domain, psychological domain, level of independence, social relationships, environment and spirituality. The aim of the study was to examine these quality of life dimensions in pre-older and older adults in relation to selected sociodemographic variables.MethodsThe study included 2,040 adults aged 55 or older. It was conducted using a diagnostic survey by means of a questionnaire with sociodemographic questions and the EQ-5D-3L descriptive system.ResultsThe vast majority of male and female respondents reported no problems in most EQ-5D-3L dimensions. However, the mean EQ-5D-3L index score indicated a slight difference in scores between men and women. A statistically significant difference between male and female respondents in individual dimension scores was found only for the usual activities dimension. The proportion of respondents reporting no problems decreased with age in most dimensions, except for anxiety/depression. Age was statistically significantly correlated with all individual dimension scores and the index score. The vast majority of respondents across all education levels reported no problems in most dimensions. Education was statistically significantly correlated with all individual dimension scores and the index score.ConclusionThe vast majority of respondents across both sexes and all education levels reported no problems in most EQ-5D-3L dimensions. The proportion of respondents reporting no problems decreased with age in most EQ-5D-3L dimensions. Systematic research on dimensions of health-related quality of life will help design measures for healthy and successful ageing.

Introduction. Currently, back pain syndromes are considered to be widely known problems in the medical, but above all, social and economic aspects. The specific nature of the profession performed by nurses puts them among the people most at risk of spine dysfunction. Aim. The aim of this study is to assess the occurrence of pain in the lumbar spine pain among nurses working at the Provincial Specialist Hospital in Włocławek. Material and Methods. The research was conducted among 120 nurses working in hospital wards of the Provincial Specialist Hospital in Włocławek. The research used an own survey questionnaire and the Revised Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Scale (ODI) — the Polish version. Consent to conduct the research was obtained from the Management of the Provincial Specialist Hospital in Włocławek and the Bioethics Committee of the State Academy of Applied Sciences in Włocławek. Results. The majority of respondents indicated that they connect back pain with work — 104 people (86.7%) and received the results of slight limitations — 60 people (50.0%). Most respondents indicated that they had experienced pain for 1–5 years — 42 people (35.0%). Respondents aged up to 45 years indicated that they had been experiencing pain for 1–5 years — 15 people (48.4%). In the group with 30–40 years of experience, the most respondents indicated that they had more than 10 years of experience — 19 people (34.5%). In the group with 30–40 years of experience, the majority indicated that often several times a month — 21 people (38.2%). The highest degree of disability was recorded at the age of 56–62, serious disruptions — 8 people (33.3%), and at the age of 51–55, serious disruptions — 6 people (14.03%). Conclusions. The work performed affects the occurrence of pain in the lumbar spine. Age groups up to 45 years and 46–50 years have been experiencing pain for 5–10 years. Pain is most often experienced by respondents with 30–40 years of work experience. The vast majority of respondents experience slight limitations. The highest rate of disability is experienced by nurses aged 51–55. (JNNN 2023;12(4):164–169)

In general, “stress” is the reaction of the body to mental and physical demands placed on it. Stress disrupts mental balance, and reduces the ability to work and function, which negatively affects the performance of duties. The aim of this study was to analyse the level of stress and ways of coping with it among nursing staff. The study covered 220 nurses employed at the Provincial Specialist Hospital in Włocławek. The research tool was the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) and the Brief-COPE. The results of this survey showed the occurrence of average and high levels of experiencing stress in 36% and 40%of staff, respectively. Brief-COPE scale results show that substance use/gender (men) and use of emotional support/place of work (internal medicine department) are significant at p < 0.01. Considering the impact of the workplace on the use of psychoactive substances, it can be seenthat people working in the surgical ward are more likely to use psychoactive substances. Furthermore, nurses in the surgical ward find it easier to think and plan what to do when faced with a difficult life situation. Most often, the respondents with the highest work experience, i.e., the elderly, declared a return to religion. The results of the research indicate that the nursing community experiences stress to an average or significant degree. The strategies are mainly based on active coping and seeking emotional and instrumental support. Further research is needed in this field. This study was not pre-registered on a publicly accessibly registry.

Conclusion: A high incidence of back pain among students of medical faculty was found, as well as several risk factors—age, gender, field of study, additional work, motherhood/fatherhood, sleep problems. Medical schools should develop and implement appropriate strategies to mitigate modifiable risk factors for back pain among students.

Introduction. According to the conducted research, the workload results from the general involvement in the undertaken activities. It can therefore be seen that the greater the involvement, the greater the burden, and thus the greater impact on the health of both the physical and mental nurse/caregiver. It should be noted that many factors affect the degree of the load. Aim. The main aim of the conducted research was to assess the degree of workload of nursing teams while caring for elderly people diagnosed with a neurological disease. Material and Methods. The study was conducted in the Provincial Specialist Hospital in Włocławek on a group of 120 randomly selected people (nurses) caring for an elderly person with a neurological disease. The study used the method of diagnostic survey, using the survey technique. In order to obtain an answer to the main objective of the research, a questionnaire was constructed and standardized research tools were used — ADL, IADL and the Negative Care Impact Scale included in the COPE-index questionnaire. Results. The study showed that with the increase in seniority in the role of a nurse/carer in the care of the elderly, there is an increase in physical strain, weakening of relations with friends, a significant impact on family relationships and a decrease in satisfaction with the role. The data obtained indicate that a small percentage of nursing teams use equipment such as a lift or rollers for transfer. The study clearly shows that the degree of independence of an elderly person with a neurological disease has a significant impact on both the mental and physical health of the nursing teams taking care of them. Conclusions. There is a relationship between seniority and job satisfaction. People with the longest work experience do not feel satisfied. Nursing teams do not fully use material and human resources while performing their role of caring for elderly people, which may result from various reasons (lack of knowledge, lack of skills, limited access to equipment, lack of willingness for cooperation and helping others). This has an impact on the level of physical and mental burden of nurses. The degree of independence of the ward has a significant impact on the level of physical and mental burden of the nurse. With the increase in dependence of the ward, the degree of burden on nursing teams increases. (JNNN 2022;11(4):167–173)

Introduction. Caring for neurological patients in the elderly has in its scope many problems and difficulties which a modern nurse has to “pay attention to”. Patients require round-the-clock and comprehensive care, which can lead to both the physical and mental exhaustion of the nurse, lack of time for family and friends, or free time to regenerate one’s strength. It can also lead to exhaustion or depression. Then a phenomenon called loading occurs. Aim. The aim of the study was to assess the influence of the degree of independence of charges on the level of physical and mental burden of nurses caring for neurological patients in geriatric age. Material and Methods. The study included 120 people — male and female nurses from treatment and conservative departments. The Katz Scale — Basic Life Activities (ADL) and the Lawton Scale (IADL) — Complex Activities were used. A self-survey questionnaire was used as a research tool. The obtained results were analysed statistically. Results. After analysing the data, the biggest problem for the respondent is: bathing, using the toilet and getting out of bed. According to the respondents, their charges have the least problems: using the telephone, managing money and administering medications. The biggest ones, however: doing housework and washing. The study also showed that more than half of the people (73) are dependent, which is 60.8%. Attention was also paid to the most common diseases that occur among the studied group of charges. According to the respondents, a large percentage of the charges were people after stroke — 63.50% and, for example, Alzheimer’s disease — 29.17%. According to the respondents, the greatest psychological burden, such as: depression of mood 64.5% occurs when caring for dependent patients, although a large percentage of depression can also be observed among caregivers of people with moderate dependency. Statistical analysis showed significant correlation between the respondents’ opinion of how high their psychological burden is in the care of neurological patients in geriatric age and the degree of independence of the patient (p = 0.008). Most of the respondents noticed the frequent possibility of physical stress, taking care of people 82.8%. Conclusions. The degree of independence of charges has a significant impact on the phenomenon of physical and mental strain in nurses. Along with the charge’s worse efficiency and the decrease in their independence, the degree of negative influence of the care on the nurse increases. Neurological diseases (Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, dementia and strokes) are also important. This is largely due to the additional time burden, as this care must be provided continuously and uninterruptedly. (JNNN 2022;11(1):22–26)

Introduction. Burnout is recognized as an important individual and social problem. Occupations at increased risk of burnout include: doctors, nurses, social workers, teachers, policemen and emergency service workers. Aim. The aim of the research was to determine the influence of selected socio-demographic variables on the level of occupational burnout in neurological and neurosurgical nurses. Material and Methods. The research was carried out on a group of 206 nurses employed in thirteen neurological and neurosurgical centres in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship. By means of a diagnostic survey, the level of occupational burnout was assessed using a questionnaire survey. Results. When analysing the impact of socio-demographic variables on occupational burnout, the following results were obtained for: gender (0.939), age (0.071), workplace (0.239), marital status (0.657), education (0.330), distance to the workplace (0.773), years of experience (0.013) and position held (0.552). Only work experience in the profession had a statistically significant, low correlation with the results of the level of occupational burnout (p

Introduction. Degenerative diseases of the spine are a problem that threatens the modern population around the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recognized the degenerative changes of the spine as an epidemic of our times. Aim. The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life of patients with degenerative changes in the cervical spine in the context of sociodemographic data including: gender, age, education, marital status, type of work, place of residence, health problems, coexisting diseases and place of services. Material and Methods. 103 people were included in the study. Women constituted 60.2% of the respondents, while men 39.8%. The age of the respondents was between 25 and 76 years old. The tool used in this study was the WHOQoL-BREF questionnaire. The statistical analysis was performed based on the chi square test. The obtained results were analysed with the × 2 test for independent samples, the error rate of 5% was assumed. Results. The analysis of data concerning the place of residence showed a division into the urban environment of 79.6% and the rural environment constituting 20.4%, there was no correlation between the place of residence of the respondents and their quality of life in the social field. The respondents represented a varied level of education, the most numerous group were patients with vocational education 32%, because the complaints are often related to the type of work performed, the most numerous group were the retired persons/pensioners — 40.8%. The analysis showed a significant relationship between the work performed and education. Conclusions. Degenerative changes of the cervical spine and related ailments are among the most common health problems in people over 50 living in an urban environment. Women are statistically more likely to experience pain in the cervical spine due to the weaker muscle corset. The subjective assessment of the quality of life is positive. It was best assessed by people with higher education and respondents from the urban environment. (JNNN 2021;10(4):175–179)

Introduction. Depressions are among the civilization diseases of the 21st century and are disorders in the human psyche. It comes in various age groups and affects children, adolescents, women, men and the elderly. In Poland, over 1.5 million people struggle with depression, and at present, during the Covid-19 pandemic, the incidence has increased to over 3 million. Aim. The aim of the study was to evaluate the factors influencing the occurrence of depression. Material and Methods. The study included 200 people — nurses from treatment and conservative departments. The prevalence of depressive disorders was assessed using the Depression Measurement Questionnaire, which consists of 75 statements — terms referring to the approach to life and everyday life. A self-questionnaire containing questions about the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents was used as a research tool. The obtained results were analysed statistically. Results. In the case of men, the indicator reached a statistically higher value, i.e. 242.2 points, which means the average level, while for women it amounted to 238.1 points, which means a low level. A low level of the NREAP index was shown by the group of respondents aged 20–30, while a high level was observed among the group of respondents aged 41–50. Nurses with lower education — certified ones showed a low level of the DMQ index, while nurses with higher education with a master’s degree obtained a higher level of the DMQ index. According to the statistical analysis, the low level of the KRP indicator was shown by people working briefly in the profession from 1 to 5 years. People who worked in the profession from 11 to 20 years had a high level of DMQ. Nurses working in the conservative ward showed a low level of the DMQ index, while the index of nurses in the surgical wards remained at the average levels. Conclusions. Sociodemographic factors had a significant impact on the occurrence of depressive disorders in the studied group. The study also confirmed a large influence of professional factors on the occurrence of depression among nurses. The statistical analysis showed a significant relationship between the gender, age of the respondents and the depression measurement index — DMQ. (JNNN 2021;10(3):126–132)

Introduction. Insufficient knowledge and misconception about epilepsy causes the development of negative attitudes towards epilepsy patients, increases stigmatization and psychosocial problems, and consequently affects their quality of life. Aim. The aim of the study was to assess the state of knowledge of primary care patients on epilepsy. Material and Methods. The study included a group of 149 patients from three primary health care facilities in the city of Bydgoszcz. The study population consisted of 99 women (66%) and 50 men (34%). Adults predominated, the mean age of the respondents was 43.91 years (SD = 13.03). The research used the method of diagnostic survey, the research tool was the original questionnaire. The research was carried out in a correlation model. The non-parametric Spearman rank test was used to determine the significance of the relationship between demographic variables and knowledge about epilepsy. The significance level p

Introduction. The location of intracranial neoplasms and the process of treating these lesions itself can significantly affect the quality of life of patients. Hence, the aim of the study was to investigate the impact of the location of the brain tumour on the quality of life of surgically treated patients. Aim. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of the location of the brain tumour on the quality of life of surgically treated patients. Material and Methods. The study included 236 patients with brain tumours operated at the Department of Neurosurgery of the 10th Military Clinical Hospital with the SP ZOZ Polyclinic in Bydgoszcz. Patients with different tumour locations were included: in the temporal lobe, in the frontal lobe, in the parietal lobe, in the ventricles of the brain and in the extra-cerebral locations. The following questionnaires were used to assess the quality of life: EORTC QLQ-C30 and EORTC QLQ-BN20, in which the patients were tested three times: on the day of admission to the Clinic, on the fifth day after brain tumour surgery and 30 days after the surgery. Results. Patients’ quality of life decreased in the early postoperative period in all groups in terms of tumour location, especially in patients with tumours of the frontal lobe (-0.104) and ventricular neoplasms (-0.109) (p > 0.05). On the 30th day, however, an improvement in the quality of life was achieved in all groups, the highest improvement was obtained in patients with tumours located extra-cerebrally (0.115) and tumours of the temporal lobe (0.097) (p > 0.05). Conclusions. There was no effect of the location of the brain tumour on the quality of life of the studied patients. In the early postoperative period, the quality of life decreased, while it improved 30 days after the surgery. (JNNN 2020;9(3):91–96)

Quality of life is an important aspect in the fields of medicine and health sciences. It is presented as a complex concept. Therefore, it is presented in various ways. Its interpretation and definition depends mainly on the discipline and area of study. Very often, the quality of life is also defined in the context of the well-being that a person experiences during his life. It depends on the state of health. It can take into account a wide variety of problems, because neurological diseases bring about such unwanted effects as pain, the need for medical and rehabilitation stays, social isolation, and one of the worst consequences, i.e. shortening life expectancy. Therefore, it is important to conduct research on the quality of life among neurological patients. The results obtained from the conducted and continued research on large groups of patients could constitute a specific compendium of knowledge about the situation of patients, their needs and the perceived quality of life. Therefore, the aim of this study is to present research on the assessment of quality of life and its predictors among neurological patients. (JNNN 2020;9(3):114–118)

Introduction. Discopathic lesions of the lumbosacral spine are the most frequently recorded diseases of the osteoarticular and peripheral nervous system. Aim. The main aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of selected demographic and clinical factors on the social and economic situation of patients after surgical treatment of the lumbosacral discopathy. Material and Methods. The research was carried out at the Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital in Bydgoszcz on a group of 137 patients diagnosed with lumbosacral discopathy. The study consisted of double assessment of the patient’s condition, taking into account the social and economic situation of the respondents. The Prolo Scale was used for this purpose. Results. It was found that both the social and economic situation of the respondents after the surgery was definitely better than before the surgery (p 0.05). A statistically significant dependence of the final results on the type of work performed, the intensity of pain and the patient’s body weight was demonstrated (p

Introduction. Falls and mobility disorders are classified as large geriatric syndromes, which in turn lead to deficits in the functional fitness of the elderly. Aim. Fall risk analysis in the group of hospitalized seniors, including socio-demographic variables. Material and Methods. The research used the estimation and diagnostic survey method, the estimation scale technique and questionnaires. The research tool was the Tinetti questionnaire. The research was conducted among 100 seniors during their hospitalization. Results. Seniors in younger age categories, with higher education level, married and living with a family, scored higher on the Tinetti scale. Conclusions. Hospitalization, age advancement, lower education, single marital status and lonely household management by seniors significantly increased the risk of their falls. Gender was not a factor that significantly differentiated the risk of falling. (JNNN 2020;9(4):127–131)

Introduction. Transplantology is the youngest area of medicine dealing with organ transplantation that is considered to be the most difficult. Aim. The aim of the work is to analyse the nurse’s tasks in the care of the organ donor after confirming brain death and propagate the idea of transplantology. Case Report. A 52-year-old patient admitted to the hospital at the neurological department after a craniocerebral trauma. Computed tomography of the head showed brain contusion, fractures of the bones of the skull cover, the presence of a small amount of air in the cranial cavity. Immediately after admission, the patient was tangled, conscious, reluctant to answer questions, without paresis and a short-term seizure. Anti-oedema and anti-epileptic treatment was implemented in the neurosurgery department. After starting treatment, there was a temporary improvement, followed by a secondary worsening of brain and brain stem failure with deep cerebral coma. The patient was referred for further treatment in the Intensive Care Unit. Discussion. Organ transplantation involves collecting them from the donor and implanting them into the recipient. The donor can be either a living person (when it comes to paired organs or fragment of the liver as well as the tissues and cells) or the deceased person, who during their life did not express objection to organ donation after their death. The major principle in this case is the pronouncement of brain death, i.e. confirmation of patient’s death resulting in changing the therapeutic goals. Conclusions. Transplantology is an interdisciplinary field of medicine, the success of which relies on the cooperation of many professionals. The nurse takes an active part in the team’s work starting from the donor’s organs eligibility, through transplantation, to the care of the patient after the transplantation. The nurse also participates in building up an atmosphere favourable for good relations with the potential donor’s family. (JNNN 2019;8(3):124–132)

Introduction. Back pain is a medico-socio-economic problem that affects about 90% of the population. People associated with medical professional are particularly exposed to frequent perceived back pain, which translates into their daily functioning. Aim. The aim of the study is to assess spinal pain in a group of professionally active nurses and their impact on everyday functioning. Material and Methods. The study included a group of 100 nurses from the Provincial Children’s Hospital in Bydgoszcz, who are professionally active. The diagnostic survey method was used, while the tools were: author’s questionnaire, VAS scale and Revised Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Scale Questionnaire (Polish version). Data has been prepared statistically. The level of p ≤ 0.05 was assumed to be statistically significant. Results. In the group of nurses who have work experience within 11–20 years, the average pain perceived was at the level of 3.21 points, while among women with seniority over 21 years, the average pain perceived was about 4.5 points. Pain ailments were also experienced by nurses working in the profession less than 10 years — the average of 1.62 points. The seniority of the studied women remained statistically significant, the average correlation with the pain results (p = 0.000). Conclusions. The problem of pain in nurses is a frequent phenomenon. Seniority in the profession is related to the occurrence of pain in nurses, i.e. the higher the seniority, the greater the perception of pain, which translates into their functioning. The place and system of nurses’ work are not factors significantly affecting the occurrence of back pain. (JNNN 2019;8(1):16–22)

Introduction and objective For many years, Europe has been struggling with the problem of an aging society. It is obvious that everyone would like to live longer while retaining good psycho-physical health and social activity. This, however, is influenced by many factors, such as health, which may be a form of limitation in everyday life or in performing social roles in accordance with the norms. Objective The aim of the study was to analyze the use of scales for functional assessment of basic and complex daily living activities in individuals aged 80+ in various EU countries. Materials and method Potentially essential articles were obtained through review and analysis of the PUBMED (MEDLINE) database by entering the following keywords: functional activities of daily living, ADL, IADL, complex activities of daily living, basic activities of daily living. Article selection was based on the following inclusion criteria set by the authors and the appointed Advisory Board. Results Assessment of independence and fitness of elderly persons in the area of basic and complex activities of daily living provides information on the quality of life of senior individuals. Analysis of research data used for comparing functional independence of senior persons on the basis of ADL and IADL scales is difficult due to the discrepancies, which may be confusing for researchers studying this area. Conclusions The use of different methodologies for assessing functional fitness of elderly individuals makes it difficult to interpret, compare and practically apply the outcomes. Standardization of research methods used for assessment of basic and complex daily living activities in 80+ persons would enable comparing the obtained data in an interdisciplinary perspective.

Introduction. Functional fitness enables satisfying and performing basic everyday needs in a safe and independent way. Its assessment is currently the basic component of the overall assessment of the patient. Aim. The aim of the study was to evaluate the functional capacity of patients after brain tumor surgery. The analysis included selected factors that may affect patient’s performance after the surgery. Material and Methods. The study included 165 patients of neurosurgical wards hospitalized for a brain tumor. Surgeries were performed in all of them — and consisted in partial or complete removal of the pathological mass by craniotomy. Patient’s functional assessment on the day of admission and on the discharge day was analyzed with the use of FCS, KPS, BI, FIR, GOS scales. Results. The largest number of respondents on the day of admission were patients in the first group according to FCS scale — independent — 138 respondents (83.6%). None of the patients qualified for group IV with total dependence. In turn, on the day of discharge, the percentage of respondents qualified to group I was 127 people (77.0%), whereas 1 person became completely dependent. Similar results were obtained in other measuring tools. The observed differences in each of the tests carried out did not turn out to be statistically significant. On KPS, BI and GOS scales, the age turned out to be statistically significant at p=0.000. On the other hand, on FCS, KPS and GOS scales, the state of consciousness was also statistically significant at p=0.000. Conclusions. Most of the respondents show very good functional capacity both on the day of admission and on the day of discharge. However, patients scored slightly better on the day of admission to the ward. Such factors as age and consciousness before surgery significantly affect patient’s functional capacity on the day of discharge. (JNNN 2018;7(3):111–117)

Introduction. The Chiari type I Malformation is a malformation of the hindbrain and skull. It refers to moving down the tonsils of the cerebellum through a large opening to the upper part of the spinal canal. Case Report. The patient aged 27 was subjected to a peak-occipital decompression procedure in the course of the Chiari type I Malformation due to the results of imaging examinations and reported complaints. Discussion. The neurosurgical treatment for both the patient and his family is a source of stress and fear of further functioning in the environment. During hospitalization, the patient should be surrounded by the care and interest of the therapeutic team members. Conclusions. Symptoms of Chiari Malformation type I may affect patients of different ages despite the fact that it is an inborn defect. Nursing care of the patient after the peak-occipital decompression treatment in the course of the Chiari type I Malformation aims at preventing typical complications of the postoperative period and minimizing the risk of neurological deficits. (JNNN 2018;7(3):124–129)

Introduction. Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) all over the world are a frequent cause of illness affecting people working especially in the health sector. In the medical professions, nursing staff experiences negative impact of work on the motor system to the highest degree. Aim. The aim of the work is to assess the extent of disability of nursing staff exposed to excessive strain on the spine as measured by the Oswestry Disability Index. Material and Methods. The study involved 50 nurses employed in surgical (32%) and conservative (68%) departments. The study used the method of a diagnostic survey, and the Oswestry Disability Index questionnaire was the research tool. The collected material was subjected to statistical analysis. Results. Women accounted for nearly 98% of the respondents. The average age of the respondents was over 46 years (46 years and 3 months). The results of the study showed that the occurrence of pain in the spine adversely affects the functional performance, in particular the social life (p=0.0004) and lifting (p=0.036). The average disability score at the Oswestry scale was 25.88%, which indicates a moderate disability of the respondents. Conclusions. Pain in the spine significantly affects the functional capacity of the subjects. This problem is particularly common among nursing staff. (JNNN 2018;7(4):155–159)

Introduction. Back pain in the lumbar spine has become the most common disorder of the 21st century. Nearly 80% of population aged over 40 have already experienced a painful episode in their spine. Aim. The aim of the study is to assess to what extent the rehabilitation influences the occurrence of pain while sitting, standing and sleeping in patients with lumbar spine pain syndromes. Material and Methods. The research was conducted among 300 (100%) respondents aged 35–65. The studied population included 111 women, i.e. 37% and 189 men — 63%. Most people declared secondary education (40%), which was followed by vocational education (29%) and then higher education (24%). Patients were treated for lumbar spine pain syndromes. The research was carried out at the Sanatorium “Uzdrowisko Wieniec” Sp. z o.o. in Wieniec Zdrój. Results. After the end of the stay, it was noticed that the number of people who could sit in the chair any number of hours significantly increased (p≤0.05) from 7% to 29%, while the number of respondents who could stand any number of hours also increased (p≤0.05) from 4% to 26%. On the day of discharge from the sanatorium, the number of people declaring that pain does not affect sleep also significantly increased (p≤0.05) from 96 out of 167 of those surveyed. Conclusions. Taking into account the intensity of pain, it can be concluded that after the sanatorium treatment the number of responses related to the reduction of pain symptoms increased. Significantly increased the number of those who can sit, stand and sleep without pain in the lumbar region. (JNNN 2018;7(2):70–74)

Introduction. Spinal muscle atrophy (SMA) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases of genetic background the the child’s age. Regardless of the form, it is essential to draw up a suitable nursing care plan that will help in accepting disabilities as well as in the preservation of self-care and self-nursing nursing by the child and family. Case Report. The case report refers to a 17-year-old patient diagnosed with a diagnosis spinal muscle atrophy (SMA) five years before. Anorexia has resulted in patient’s underweight. There is a functional deficit in the child. The family and the patient do not have sufficient knowledge about the disease. Discussion. Taking care of a child with SMA during hospitalization period requires from all staff to have broad knowledge on mitigation of the symptoms emerged, delaying the consequences of weakness and muscle atrophy, and therefore prolonging functional efficiency. Conclusions. The care issues of the patinet with SMA cover all areas of his functioning. The child and the family must accept the new situation they are in. Particular significance is attributed to systematic rehabilitation, which slows down the progress of the child’s motor impairment which promotes effective self-care and self-nursing care, and thus the quality of life. (JNNN 2017;6(3):114–119)

Introduction. The vast majority of lesions of the nervous system are located intra cranially. Their location in each brain structure results in the appearance of different deficits affecting the functional capacity of patients, and ultimately their quality of life. Aim. The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of tumor location on the functional capacity of patients with such tumors in the preoperative and postoperative periods. Material and Methods. Material includes 236 patients hospitalized in the Department of Neurosurgery 10th Military Hospital with Policlinic IP HCC Bydgoszcz. The research was approved by the Bioethics Committee at Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz (KB 222/2011). The analysis included 5 subgroups of patients taking into account the location of intracranial lesions in these patients. There were defined: a group of patients with tumors located in the temporal lobe (1), frontal lobe (2), parietal lobe (3), cerebral chamber (4), and cerebral lesions (5). The functional capacity was assessed by the KPS Scale (Karnofsky’s Performance Scale) (three times: on the day of admission to the Clinic, on the 5th and 30th day after the surgery) and by the GOS Scale (Glasgow’s Outcome Scale) (twice: on the 5th and 30th day following the surgery). Results. On the fifth day of the postoperative period, a statistically significant decrease in the functional capacity was observed in patients with tumors located in the cerebral, the extra cranial tumors, in the frontal and temporal lobes (p

Complete Cerebral Assessment (CGA) involves the assessment of a neurological patient in four basic areas where performance capacity, physical health, mental health, as well social and environmental factors are taken into account. Specially prepared research tools (scales, questionnaires) can be used to assess individual CGA components, which significantly facilitate it and influence its credibility. In addition, they allow to verify changes in patient’s condition over time, in the category of improvement or deterioration, and also help in the exchange of quantitative (clinical) information between health care providers. Based on the literature, there have been discussed the most frequently applied scales used to assess the mental state of neurogeriatric patients. There have been presented data of metrics such as Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Abbreviated Mental Test Score (AMTS), Clock Drawing Test (CDT), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). (JNNN 2017;6(3):130–133)

Introduction. In the occupational medicine back pain is treated as a paraoccupational disease, mainly related to specific professional groups. They include those employed in the sector of health care, who are at the highest risk of developing back pain, nurses in particular. Aim. Assessment of back pain occurrence among nurses and determining the factors affecting this condition. Material and Methods. The study group consisted of 76 nurses working in neurology and neurosurgery wards/clinics. The research methodology applied consisted of diagnostic survey method, and as the technique, a survey of our own design was used. The VAS Pain Scale was used. Statistical analysis was prepared in the program SPSS20. The statistical significance of differences was determined at a confidence level of p

Introduction. Parkinson’s disease is considered to be one of degenerative disorders of the central nervous system. It is classified as an incurable, progressive disease leading to significant deficits in self-care. It is regarded, just after Alzheimer’s disease, as a disease of the elderly, which relates to the central nervous system (CNS). The mechanisms being the basis of this disease have not been completely understood. Case Report. The case study refers to a 72-year-old woman diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease and comorbid dizziness. This work has presented nursing diagnosis and the nursing process. There have been defined patient’s problems, the purpose of the care and its implementation by planning activities. There has been also made an assessment, which is a comparison of the results of the care obtained with the objectives assumed. This work is a description of the case of a theoretical patient. Discussion. One of the most important persons taking care of a patient with PD is the nurse. In the proces of hospital treatment hospital nurse becomes the closest person to the patient. Therefore, she is required to maintain a professional therapeutic contact with the patient. The role of the nurse is primarily to motivate the patient to take actions which will lead to a slowdown in the progress of the disease (ie. encouragement to participate in activities with a therapist, to talk to a psychologist, exercise with a physiotherapist). The patient described has a problem with low self-esteem and a critical attitude towards herself. It is difficult for her to establish contacts and maintain relationship with another person. Such signals should be noticed by the nurse. The nurse is required to respond adequately to the aforementioned symptoms. Conclusions. Parkinson’s disease is defined as a primary degenerative process of the extrapyramidal system. In its course it is characterised by a slow and degenerative process. The patient described by us is fully aware of her state of health as well as of the nature of the disease. This involves a significant decrease of mood, apathy and fear. She cannot accept her condition and the developing deficit of self-care resulting from the progress of the disease. In the case of our patient after discharge from hospital there was recommended further therapy with a psychologist and participation in classes conducted by an occupational therapist and a physiotherapist. (JNNN 2016;5(4):156–161)

Introduction. Today, lumbar spine pain is a global problem, as one of the most common health problems in developing countries, including in Poland. One of the main problems of patients with back pain syndromes in the lumbar spine is pain. This disease may be classified as a direct cause of the limitation of physical, social, and professional activities. Aim. The aim of the study is to assess the impact of sanatorium treatment on the reduction of pain occurring in the pain syndromes of the lumbar spine. Material and Methods. The survey was conducted among 300 (100%) randomly selected patients, aged from 35 to 65 years. The study was conducted in sanatorium “The Wieniec-Zdrój spa”. The severity of pain in patients with diagnosed pain syndrome of lumbar spine was studied in two stages prior to and following sanatorium treatment using the Oswestry Disability Index Questionnaire. The tests were carried out after obtaining the approval of the Bioethics Committee of Kuyavian-Pomeranian Regional Medical Chamber in Torun (34/KB/2013) and the Medical Director of the institution where the study was conducted. Results. Analysis of selected components of the Oswestry Questionnaire for comparing the efficiency of patients before and after treatment allows for the assessment of pain intensity. Taking into account the intensity of pain and the use of painkillers it can be determined that after sanatorium treatment because of minor pain patients do not have to take pain medication 89 respondents (30%), 38 patients fewer. The surveyed also responded that painkillers completely/partially remove the pain more than twice as often after treatment. Conclusions. Sanatorium treatment affected pain in the lumbar spine. After therapy the pain decreased. The respondents stated that after the therapy applied, painkillers partially or completely removed the occurring pain. (JNNN 2016;5(3):99–103)

Introduction. The quality of life of patients with brain tumor depends on a variety of factors related to the disease as well as on socio-demographic factors. Aim. The aim of the study was to examine the impact of demographic factors on the quality of life of patients undergoing surgery for a brain tumor. Material and Methods. The material consisted of 236 patients who had undergone surgery for a brain tumor at the Unit of Neurosurgery of the 10th Military Research Hospital and Polyclinic Independent Public Health Care Centre in Bydgoszcz. Relevant consent was issued by the Bioethics Committee at the Ludwik Rydygier Medical College in Bydgoszcz (Consent No. KB222/2011) for carrying out the research. The tests were carried out three times: on admission to Hospital, on the fifth day after the brain tumor removal surgery, and 30 days after the surgery. Each patient three times filled questionnaires of the quality of life: EORTC QLQ-C30 (version 3.0.) (The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire — C30) and module EORTC QLQ-BN20 (The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire — Brain Module). Results. Age was statistically significantly correlated with the quality of life before the surgery (r=-22; p

Introduction. The interests of scientists, especially in the field of medicine and health science, contemplate the functional condition of patient in recent years. Proper functional capacity with good state of being and psychological attitude are the most important health indicators. Proper functional capacity is defined as the ability for independent performance and covering of basic vital needs, e.g. the control of the sphincter, nutrition, mobility and maintaining proper hygiene. The proper functional capacity of the whole system of vital activities means independence. Aim. The main aim of this study was the functional assessment of patients in the period of neurosurgical treatment. Material and Methods. The study included 415 patients hospitalized on neurosurgical wards. The functional capacity of patients was assessed twice (on the day of admission — Assessment 1 and on the day of discharge — Assessment 2). Functional capacity was analyzed using Functional Capacity Scale (FCS). The direct observation with measurement technique was used. The research proposal was approved by the bioethics committee. Results. On the day of admission, most of the patients (n=249; 60%), showed independence. Most of the independent patients were in the group of patients with tumors — 138 (83.6%), the second group were patients with brain aneurysm — 63 (63.0%) and the third group were patients with trauma — 48 (32.0%) (p0.05). Conclusions. Most of the patients after neurosurgical treatment showed better functional capacity when compared with the period before it. Patients with brain tumors showed considerably better functional capacity on the day of admission when compared with patients with trauma or aneurysm. (JNNN 2016;5(2):46–52)

Introduction. The occurrence of ischemic strokes, particularly with people over 65 years of age, results from the presence of comorbidities that may adversely affect both the early and late prognosis as well as functional capacities of patients. Aim. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficiency regarding basic daily activities performed by patients after the incident of the ischemic stroke, depending on the advancement of their age and the on the presence of comorbidities. Material and Methods. The study was carried out among 65 patients hospitalised due to the ischemic stroke in the neurology ward of the Provincial Hospital in Plock. The analysis of the functional capacity of patients, with the use of the Barthel Scale Questionnaire, was performed twice: on the first day of their hospitalisation and on the day of discharge from the hospital ward. Results. The functional capacity of the patients within the period of hospitalization after the incident of ischemic stroke was improving as a result of treatment, rehabilitation and care. However, both on the day of admission to the ward, as well as at discharge, the patients aged over 65 had the lowest scores on the Barthel Scale Questionnaire. The presence of comorbidities, particularly among older respondents, contributed to the deterioration of patients’ functional capacity. Conclusions. 1). Patients after the incident of ischemic stroke, despite the improvement regarding their functional capacity, require assistance in the performance of daily activities. 2). Age advancement contributes to the reduction of the functional capacity of respondents after the incident of ischemic stroke. 3). Comorbidities of the incident of ischemic stroke as well as the prior episode of stroke significantly contribute to the decrease the functional capacity of respondents. (JNNN 2015;4(3):102–108)

Introduction. Independence in performing basic activities of daily living is an important exponent of the quality of human life. An essential component of nursing services is a systematic analysis of the functional capacity of patients in the acute phase of the brain vascular disease. This creates opportunities to plan holistic and personalized care. Aim. Evaluation of functional capacity of patients with prior hemorrhagic brain stroke according to selected socio-demographic variables. Material and Methods. The study included 53 patients with a prior cerebral hemorrhagic stroke, hospitalized in the Department of Neurology of the Provincial Hospital in Plock. As a research tool the Barthel’s Scale Questionnaire was used, and it was supplemented with the certificate of patients’ socio-demographic data. Results. The research results confirm the effectiveness of intensive, professional medical practice regarding patients after prior incident of brain stroke. They are in fact reflected in the improvement of patients’ functional capacity. However, some selected socio-demographic factors significantly influenced greater independence of the patients in activities of their daily living. Among all the patients surveyed after the incident of stroke, there was found a clear improvement in functional capacity on the day of hospitalization completion. Conclusions. 1. Men after the incident of hemorrhagic brain stroke show a lower functional efficiency compared to women. 2. Age advancement significantly reduces the functional capacity after the incident of haemorrhagic stroke of the brain. 3. Education significantly affects the level of functional capacity of patients after hemorrhagic stroke of the brain. 4. Marital status and place of residence do not substantially affect the differences in the functional capacity of patients after brain hemorrhagic stroke. (JNNN 2015;4(2):62–68)

The development of civilization has led to the increasing prevalence of spinal problems. Lifestyle in the form of long hours of sitting or standing significantly affect the reduction in spinal mobility and promotes complaint back pain. Its structure is closely related to the functioning of the human being. Back pains are varied in terms of pathogenesis uprising. A common feature is pain that occurs in the lumbar area — the cross and the cross — the hip, with varied backgrounds and character. Treatment is based on conservative methods, such as drug treatment and rehabilitation, and surgery. An important role is played by prevention of backaches distributed among learners and workers. This article aims to highlight the role of nurses over patients with spinal pain syndromes in various stages of treatment. The nurse must take care individually and holistically. It is based mainly on alleviating pain and help the patient because of the temporary reduction in physical activity, which impedes the proper functioning. It is aimed at the comprehensive preparation of the patient and his family for self-care. (JNNN 2014;3(1):39–43)

The group of diseases with extra-pyramidal disorders includes inter alia Parkinson’s disease. It is one of the most common progressive, degenerative diseases of the central nervous system occurring in mature and older people. First symptoms of the disease occur in most cases after fifty years of age. The disease is generated by the loss of dopaminergic cells in the substantia nigra manifested clinically in the mobility slowdown, muscle rigidity and tremor at rest. The clinical use of various measuring tools (scales, indexes, indicators, tests, etc.) for the diagnosis of patients with dysfunction of the extra-pyramidal system has been increasingly applied. Based on the literature there were discussed scales most commonly used in the assessment of patients with dysfunction of the extra-pyramidal system including mainly those with Parkinson’s disease. There were presented data regarding such measuring scales as: Hoehn and Yahra’s (HY Scale), Webster’s (Webster Rating Scale — WRS), Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), Northwestern University scale (Northwestern University Disability Scale — NUDS), Columbia University scale (Columbia University Rating Scale — CURS), Schwab and England’s independence scale (Schwab and England ADL Scale — S-E ADL), the short scale of Parkinson’s disease evaluation (Short Parkinson’s Evaluation Scale — SPES), the scale of daily activities in Parkinson’s disease (Parkinson’s Disease Activities of Daily Living Scale — PDADL) as well as life quality scales, including the PDQL (Parkinson’s Disease Quality of Life Questionnaire) and PDQ-39 (Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire). (JNNN 2014;3(2):88–92)

Background. Multiple sclerosis is a chronic disease and the most common one influencing central nervous system. It is a con­dition that significantly impairs the patient’s life. It deteriorates functional abilities in all aspects of daily life, and thus worsens the quality of life. Aim. The aim of the study was to evaluate functional capacity in patients with multiple sclerosis and its impact on quality of life. Materials and methods. The study was covered by 50 people. The tests were carried out using a diagnostic survey. Usedresearch tools were interview questionnaires for socio-demographic data and standardized research tools: ADL and IADL scale and the scale of Quality of Life WHOQOL-BREF. For statistical analysis of the correlation the coefficient test Spearman’s rho-test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov were used. Statistical significance of differences was determined at a confidence level of p

Wprowadzenie. Urazy kręgosłupa to poważny problem medyczny i społeczny, zwłaszcza gdy towarzyszy mu uszkodzenie rdzenia kręgowego, powodujące bardzo często poważne dysfunkcje i trwałe kalectwo do końca życia. Cel. Celem badań była ocena częstości występowania urazów kręgosłupa u pacjentów objętych opieką Pogotowia Ratunkowego we Włocławku w latach 2006–2009. Materiał i metody. Badania przeprowadzono w oparciu o analizę dokumentacji archiwum Stacji Pogotowia Ratunkowego we Włocławku w latach 2006–2009. Zastosowaną metodą badawczą była analiza retrospektywna dokumentacji medycznej a techniką ilościową analiza dokumentów. Badaniami objęto populację zamieszkałą na terenie objętym działalnością Stacji Pogotowia Ratunkowego we Włocławku. Z badanej populacji wyłoniono grupę 244 osób, które doznały urazów kręgosłupa, a następnie poddano analizie statystycznej. Wyniki. Istotne statystycznie okazały się zależności między przyczyną urazu kręgosłupa a: płcią, odcinkiem kręgosłupa, wiekiem, spożyciem alkoholu. Wynik nieistotny statystycznie dotyczył zależności między przyczyną urazu kręgosłupa a porą roku i miejscem zamieszkania. Wnioski. Najczęstszą przyczyną urazów kręgosłupa były wypadki drogowe. Najczęściej uraz dotyczył odcinka szyjnego kręgosłupa. Mężczyźni zdecydowanie częściej ulegali urazom kręgosłupa niż kobiety. Do urazów kręgosłupa częściej dochodziło w środowisku miejskim niż wiejskim. Najczęściej urazy kręgosłupa występowały w grupie wiekowej 21–40 lat; najczęściej dochodziło do nich latem. Wzrasta ilość urazów kręgosłupa po spożyciu alkoholu. (PNN 2012;1(3):109-118)