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1. The 16th Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys: First Release from the APOGEE-2 Southern Survey and Full Release of eBOSS Spectra

Author

Ahumada, R, Prieto, CA, Almeida, A, Anders, F, Anderson, SF, Andrews, BH, Anguiano, B, Arcodia, R, Armengaud, E, Aubert, M, Avila, S, Avila-Reese, V, Badenes, C, Balland, C, Barger, K, Barrera-Ballesteros, JK, Basu, S, Bautista, J, Beaton, RL, Beers, TC, Benavides, BIT, Bender, CF, Bernardi, M, Bershady, M, Beutler, F, Bidin, CM, Bird, J, Bizyaev, D, Blanc, GA, Blanton, MR, Boquien, M, Borissova, J, Bovy, J, Brandt, WN, Brinkmann, J, Brownstein, JR, Bundy, K, Bureau, M, Burgasser, A, Burtin, E, Cano-Díaz, M, Capasso, R, Cappellari, M, Carrera, R, Chabanier, S, Chaplin, W, Chapman, M, Cherinka, B, Chiappini, C, Doohyun Choi, P, Chojnowski, SD, Chung, H, Clerc, N, Coffey, D, Comerford, JM, Comparat, J, Da Costa, L, Cousinou, MC, Covey, K, Crane, JD, Cunha, K, Ilha, GDS, Dai, YS, Damsted, SB, Darling, J, Davidson, JW, Davies, R, Dawson, K, De, N, De La Macorra, A, De Lee, N, Queiroz, ABDA, Deconto Machado, A, De La Torre, S, Dell'Agli, F, Du Mas Des Bourboux, H, Diamond-Stanic, AM, Dillon, S, Donor, J, Drory, N, Duckworth, C, Dwelly, T, Ebelke, G, Eftekharzadeh, S, Davis Eigenbrot, A, Elsworth, YP, Eracleous, M, Erfanianfar, G, Escoffier, S, Fan, X, Farr, E, Fernández-Trincado, JG, Feuillet, D, Finoguenov, A, Fofie, P, Fraser-Mckelvie, A, Frinchaboy, PM, Fromenteau, S, Fu, H, and Galbany, L

Subjects
astro-ph.GA, astro-ph.CO, astro-ph.IM, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Physical Chemistry, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural)
Abstract

This paper documents the 16th data release (DR16) from the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys (SDSS), the fourth and penultimate from the fourth phase (SDSS-IV). This is the first release of data from the Southern Hemisphere survey of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2); new data from APOGEE-2 North are also included. DR16 is also notable as the final data release for the main cosmological program of the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS), and all raw and reduced spectra from that project are released here. DR16 also includes all the data from the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey and new data from the SPectroscopic IDentification of ERosita Survey programs, both of which were co-observed on eBOSS plates. DR16 has no new data from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey (or the MaNGA Stellar Library "MaStar"). We also preview future SDSS-V operations (due to start in 2020), and summarize plans for the final SDSS-IV data release (DR17).

Published
2020

2. The Fifteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys: First Release of MaNGA-derived Quantities, Data Visualization Tools, and Stellar Library

Author

Aguado, DS, Ahumada, R, Almeida, A, Anderson, SF, Andrews, BH, Anguiano, B, Ortiz, EA, Aragón-Salamanca, A, Argudo-Fernández, M, Aubert, M, Avila-Reese, V, Badenes, C, Barboza Rembold, S, Barger, K, Barrera-Ballesteros, J, Bates, D, Bautista, J, Beaton, RL, Beers, TC, Belfiore, F, Bernardi, M, Bershady, M, Beutler, F, Bird, J, Bizyaev, D, Blanc, GA, Blanton, MR, Blomqvist, M, Bolton, AS, Boquien, M, Borissova, J, Bovy, J, Nielsen Brandt, W, Brinkmann, J, Brownstein, JR, Bundy, K, Burgasser, A, Byler, N, Cano Diaz, M, Cappellari, M, Carrera, R, Cervantes Sodi, B, Chen, Y, Cherinka, B, Doohyun Choi, P, Chung, H, Coffey, D, Comerford, JM, Comparat, J, Covey, K, Da Silva Ilha, G, Da Costa, L, Sophia Dai, Y, Damke, G, Darling, J, Davies, R, Dawson, K, De Sainte Agathe, V, Deconto Machado, A, Del Moro, A, De Lee, N, Diamond-Stanic, AM, Dominguez Sánchez, H, Donor, J, Drory, N, Du Mas Des Bourboux, H, Duckworth, C, Dwelly, T, Ebelke, G, Emsellem, E, Escoffier, S, Fernández-Trincado, JG, Feuillet, D, Fischer, JL, Fleming, SW, Fraser-Mckelvie, A, Freischlad, G, Frinchaboy, PM, Fu, H, Galbany, L, Garcia-Dias, R, Garcia-Hernández, DA, Alberto Garma Oehmichen, L, Antonio Geimba Maia, M, Gil-Marin, H, Grabowski, K, Gu, M, Guo, H, Ha, J, Harrington, E, Hasselquist, S, Hayes, CR, Hearty, F, Hernandez Toledo, H, Hicks, H, Hogg, DW, Holley-Bockelmann, K, Holtzman, JA, Hsieh, BC, and Hunt, JAS

Subjects
atlases, catalogs, surveys, astro-ph.IM, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Organic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural)
Abstract

Twenty years have passed since first light for the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). Here, we release data taken by the fourth phase of SDSS (SDSS-IV) across its first three years of operation (2014 July-2017 July). This is the third data release for SDSS-IV, and the 15th from SDSS (Data Release Fifteen; DR15). New data come from MaNGA - we release 4824 data cubes, as well as the first stellar spectra in the MaNGA Stellar Library (MaStar), the first set of survey-supported analysis products (e.g., stellar and gas kinematics, emission-line and other maps) from the MaNGA Data Analysis Pipeline, and a new data visualization and access tool we call "Marvin." The next data release, DR16, will include new data from both APOGEE-2 and eBOSS; those surveys release no new data here, but we document updates and corrections to their data processing pipelines. The release is cumulative; it also includes the most recent reductions and calibrations of all data taken by SDSS since first light. In this paper, we describe the location and format of the data and tools and cite technical references describing how it was obtained and processed. The SDSS website (www.sdss.org) has also been updated, providing links to data downloads, tutorials, and examples of data use. Although SDSS-IV will continue to collect astronomical data until 2020, and will be followed by SDSS-V (2020-2025), we end this paper by describing plans to ensure the sustainability of the SDSS data archive for many years beyond the collection of data.

Published
2019

3. SDSS-IV MaStar: A Large and Comprehensive Empirical Stellar Spectral Library-First Release

Author

Yan, R, Chen, Y, Lazarz, D, Bizyaev, D, Maraston, C, Stringfellow, GS, Mccarthy, K, Meneses-Goytia, S, Law, DR, Thomas, D, Barroso, JF, Sánchez-Gallego, JR, Schlafly, E, Zheng, Z, Argudo-Fernández, M, Beaton, RL, Beers, TC, Bershady, M, Blanton, MR, Brownstein, J, Bundy, K, Chambers, KC, Cherinka, B, Lee, ND, Drory, N, Galbany, L, Holtzman, J, Imig, J, Kaiser, N, Kinemuchi, K, Liu, C, Luo, AL, Magnier, E, Majewski, S, Nair, P, Oravetz, A, Oravetz, D, Pan, K, Sobeck, J, Stassun, K, Talbot, M, Tremonti, C, Waters, C, Weijmans, AM, Wilhelm, R, Zasowski, G, Zhao, G, and Zhao, YH

Subjects
catalogs, Galaxy: stellar content, stars: fundamental parameters, stars: general, techniques: spectroscopic, astro-ph.IM, astro-ph.GA, astro-ph.SR, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural)
Abstract

We present the first release of the MaNGA Stellar Library (MaStar), which is a large, well-calibrated, high-quality empirical library covering the wavelength range 3622-10354 Å at a resolving power of R ∼ 1800. The spectra were obtained using the same instrument as used by the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) project, by piggybacking on the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV)/Apache Point Observatory Galaxy Evolution Experiment 2-N (APOGEE-2N) observations. Compared to previous empirical libraries, the MaStar library will have a higher number of stars and a more comprehensive stellar-parameter coverage, especially of cool dwarfs, low-metallicity stars, and stars with different [α/Fe], achieved by a sophisticated target-selection strategy that takes advantage of stellar-parameter catalogs from the literature. This empirical library will provide a new basis for stellar-population synthesis and is particularly well suited for stellar-population analysis of MaNGA galaxies. The first version of the library contains 8646 high-quality per-visit spectra for 3321 unique stars. Compared to photometry, the relative flux calibration of the library is accurate to 3.9% in g-r, 2.7% in r-i, and 2.2% in i-z. The data are released as part of SDSS Data Release 15. We expect the final release of the library to contain more than 10,000 stars.

Published
2019

4. THE ELEVENTH and TWELFTH DATA RELEASES of the SLOAN DIGITAL SKY SURVEY: FINAL DATA from SDSS-III

Author

Alam, S, Albareti, FD, Prieto, CA, Anders, F, Anderson, SF, Anderton, T, Andrews, BH, Armengaud, E, Aubourg, É, Bailey, S, Basu, S, Bautista, JE, Beaton, RL, Beers, TC, Bender, CF, Berlind, AA, Beutler, F, Bhardwaj, V, Bird, JC, Bizyaev, D, Blake, CH, Blanton, MR, Blomqvist, M, Bochanski, JJ, Bolton, AS, Bovy, J, Bradley, AS, Brandt, WN, Brauer, DE, Brinkmann, J, Brown, PJ, Brownstein, JR, Burden, A, Burtin, E, Busca, NG, Cai, Z, Capozzi, D, Rosell, AC, Carr, MA, Carrera, R, Chambers, KC, Chaplin, WJ, Chen, YC, Chiappini, C, Chojnowski, SD, Chuang, CH, Clerc, N, Comparat, J, Covey, K, Croft, RAC, Cuesta, AJ, Cunha, K, Costa, LND, Rio, ND, Davenport, JRA, Dawson, KS, Lee, ND, Delubac, T, Deshpande, R, Dhital, S, Dutra-Ferreira, L, Dwelly, T, Ealet, A, Ebelke, GL, Edmondson, EM, Eisenstein, DJ, Ellsworth, T, Elsworth, Y, Epstein, CR, Eracleous, M, Escoffier, S, Esposito, M, Evans, ML, Fan, X, Fernández-Alvar, E, Feuillet, D, Ak, NF, Finley, H, Finoguenov, A, Flaherty, K, Fleming, SW, Font-Ribera, A, Foster, J, Frinchaboy, PM, Galbraith-Frew, JG, García, RA, García-Hernández, DA, Pérez, AEG, Gaulme, P, Ge, J, Génova-Santos, R, Georgakakis, A, Ghezzi, L, Gillespie, BA, Girardi, L, Goddard, D, Gontcho, SGA, Hernández, JIG, Grebel, EK, and Green, PJ

Subjects
atlases, catalogs, surveys, astro-ph.IM, astro-ph.GA, astro-ph.SR, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Physical Chemistry, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural)
Abstract

The third generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-III) took data from 2008 to 2014 using the original SDSS wide-field imager, the original and an upgraded multi-object fiber-fed optical spectrograph, a new near-infrared high-resolution spectrograph, and a novel optical interferometer. All of the data from SDSS-III are now made public. In particular, this paper describes Data Release 11 (DR11) including all data acquired through 2013 July, and Data Release 12 (DR12) adding data acquired through 2014 July (including all data included in previous data releases), marking the end of SDSS-III observing. Relative to our previous public release (DR10), DR12 adds one million new spectra of galaxies and quasars from the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) over an additional 3000 deg2 of sky, more than triples the number of H-band spectra of stars as part of the Apache Point Observatory (APO) Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE), and includes repeated accurate radial velocity measurements of 5500 stars from the Multi-object APO Radial Velocity Exoplanet Large-area Survey (MARVELS). The APOGEE outputs now include the measured abundances of 15 different elements for each star. In total, SDSS-III added 5200 deg2 of ugriz imaging; 155,520 spectra of 138,099 stars as part of the Sloan Exploration of Galactic Understanding and Evolution 2 (SEGUE-2) survey; 2,497,484 BOSS spectra of 1,372,737 galaxies, 294,512 quasars, and 247,216 stars over 9376 deg2; 618,080 APOGEE spectra of 156,593 stars; and 197,040 MARVELS spectra of 5513 stars. Since its first light in 1998, SDSS has imaged over 1/3 of the Celestial sphere in five bands and obtained over five million astronomical spectra.

Published
2015

5. The Seventeenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys: Complete Release of MaNGA, MaStar, and APOGEE-2 Data

Author

Abdurro'Uf, Accetta, K, Aerts, C, Silva Aguirre, V, Ahumada, R, Ajgaonkar, N, Filiz Ak, N, Alam, S, Allende Prieto, C, Almeida, A, Anders, F, Anderson, SF, Andrews, BH, Anguiano, B, Aquino-Ortíz, E, Aragón-Salamanca, A, Argudo-Fernández, M, Ata, M, Aubert, M, Avila-Reese, V, Badenes, C, Barbá, RH, Barger, K, Barrera-Ballesteros, JK, Beaton, RL, Beers, TC, Belfiore, F, Bender, CF, Bernardi, M, Bershady, MA, Beutler, F, Bidin, CM, Bird, JC, Bizyaev, D, Blanc, GA, Blanton, MR, Boardman, NF, Bolton, AS, Boquien, M, Borissova, J, Bovy, J, Brandt, WN, Brown, J, Brownstein, Brusa, M, Buchner, J, Bundy, K, Burchett, JN, Bureau, M, Burgasser, A, Cabang, TK, Campbell, S, Cappellari, M, Carlberg, JK, Wanderley, FC, Carrera, R, Cash, J, Chen, YP, Chen, WH, Cherinka, B, Chiappini, C, Choi, PD, Chojnowski, SD, Chung, H, Clerc, N, Cohen, RE, Comerford, JM, Comparat, J, Da Costa, L, Covey, K, Crane, JD, Cruz-Gonzalez, I, Culhane, C, Cunha, K, Dai, YS, Damke, G, Darling, J, Davidson, JW, Davies, R, Dawson, K, De Lee, N, Diamond-Stanic, AM, Cano-Díaz, M, Sánchez, HD, Donor, J, Duckworth, C, Dwelly, T, Eisenstein, DJ, Elsworth, YP, Emsellem, E, Eracleous, M, Escoffier, S, Fan, X, Farr, E, Feng, S, Fernández-Trincado, JG, Feuillet, D, Filipp, A, Fillingham, SP, Frinchaboy, PM, Silva Aguirre, V [0000-0002-6137-903X], Ajgaonkar, N [0000-0003-1469-8246], Filiz Ak, N [0000-0003-3016-5490], Allende Prieto, C [0000-0002-0084-572X], Andrews, BH [0000-0001-8085-5890], Anguiano, B [0000-0001-5261-4336], Aquino-Ortíz, E [0000-0003-1083-9208], Aragón-Salamanca, A [0000-0001-8215-1256], Argudo-Fernández, M [0000-0002-0789-2326], Ata, M [0000-0002-5934-9018], Avila-Reese, V [0000-0002-3461-2342], Badenes, C [0000-0003-3494-343X], Barger, K [0000-0001-5817-0932], Barrera-Ballesteros, JK [0000-0003-2405-7258], Beaton, RL [0000-0002-1691-8217], Beers, TC [0000-0003-4573-6233], Belfiore, F [0000-0002-2545-5752], Bender, CF [0000-0003-4384-7220], Bershady, MA [0000-0002-3131-4374], Bizyaev, D [0000-0002-3601-133X], Blanc, GA [0000-0003-4218-3944], Blanton, MR [0000-0003-1641-6222], Boquien, M [0000-0003-0946-6176], Borissova, J [0000-0002-5936-7718], Bovy, J [0000-0001-6855-442X], Brandt, WN [0000-0002-0167-2453], Brownstein, JR [0000-0002-8725-1069], Brusa, M [0000-0002-5059-6848], Buchner, J [0000-0003-0426-6634], Bundy, K [0000-0001-9742-3138], Burchett, JN [0000-0002-1979-2197], Bureau, M [0000-0003-4980-1012], Burgasser, A [0000-0002-6523-9536], Cappellari, M [0000-0002-1283-8420], Carlberg, JK [0000-0001-5926-4471], Chen, YP [0000-0001-8821-0309], Cherinka, B [0000-0002-4289-7923], Chojnowski, SD [0000-0001-9984-0891], Comparat, J [0000-0001-9200-1497], Da Costa, L [0000-0002-7731-277X], Covey, K [0000-0001-6914-7797], Cruz-Gonzalez, I [0000-0002-2653-1120], Cunha, K [0000-0001-6476-0576], Dai, YS [0000-0002-7928-416X], Darling, J [0000-0003-2511-2060], Davies, R [0000-0001-7897-3812], Dawson, K [0000-0002-0553-3805], De Lee, N [0000-0002-3657-0705], Cano-Díaz, M [0000-0001-9553-8230], Eisenstein, DJ [0000-0002-2929-3121], Emsellem, E [0000-0002-6155-7166], Eracleous, M [0000-0002-3719-940X], Escoffier, S [0000-0002-2847-7498], Fan, X [0000-0003-3310-0131], Feng, S [0000-0002-9767-9237], Feuillet, D [0000-0002-3101-5921], Fillingham, SP [0000-0002-8425-0351], Frinchaboy, PM [0000-0002-0740-8346], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Particle and Plasma Physics, 5101 Astronomical Sciences, Molecular, Nuclear, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Atomic, 51 Physical Sciences, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural)
Abstract

This paper documents the seventeenth data release (DR17) from the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys; the fifth and final release from the fourth phase (SDSS-IV). DR17 contains the complete release of the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey, which reached its goal of surveying over 10,000 nearby galaxies. The complete release of the MaNGA Stellar Library accompanies this data, providing observations of almost 30,000 stars through the MaNGA instrument during bright time. DR17 also contains the complete release of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 survey that publicly releases infrared spectra of over 650,000 stars. The main sample from the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS), as well as the subsurvey Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey data were fully released in DR16. New single-fiber optical spectroscopy released in DR17 is from the SPectroscipic IDentification of ERosita Survey subsurvey and the eBOSS-RM program. Along with the primary data sets, DR17 includes 25 new or updated value-added catalogs. This paper concludes the release of SDSS-IV survey data. SDSS continues into its fifth phase with observations already underway for the Milky Way Mapper, Local Volume Mapper, and Black Hole Mapper surveys.

Published
2022
Full Text
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6. Final Targeting Strategy for the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 North Survey

Author

Beaton, RL, Beaton, RL, Oelkers, RJ, Hayes, CR, Covey, KR, Chojnowski, SD, De Lee, N, Sobeck, JS, Majewski, SR, Cohen, RE, Fernández-Trincado, J, Longa-Pea, P, O'Connell, JE, Santana, FA, Stringfellow, GS, Zasowski, G, Aerts, C, Anguiano, B, Bender, C, Caas, CI, Cunha, K, Donor, J, Fleming, SW, Frinchaboy, PM, Feuillet, D, Harding, P, Hasselquist, S, Holtzman, JA, Johnson, JA, Kollmeier, JA, Kounkel, M, Mahadevan, S, Price-Whelan, AM, Rojas-Arriagada, A, Román-Zúiga, C, Schlafly, EF, Schultheis, M, Shetrone, M, Simon, JD, Stassun, KG, Stutz, AM, Tayar, J, Teske, J, Tkachenko, A, Troup, N, Albareti, FD, Bizyaev, D, Bovy, J, Burgasser, AJ, Comparat, J, Downes, JJ, Geisler, D, Inno, L, Manchado, A, Ness, MK, Pinsonneault, MH, Prada, F, Roman-Lopes, A, Simonian, GVA, Smith, VV, Yan, R, Zamora, O, Beaton, RL, Beaton, RL, Oelkers, RJ, Hayes, CR, Covey, KR, Chojnowski, SD, De Lee, N, Sobeck, JS, Majewski, SR, Cohen, RE, Fernández-Trincado, J, Longa-Pea, P, O'Connell, JE, Santana, FA, Stringfellow, GS, Zasowski, G, Aerts, C, Anguiano, B, Bender, C, Caas, CI, Cunha, K, Donor, J, Fleming, SW, Frinchaboy, PM, Feuillet, D, Harding, P, Hasselquist, S, Holtzman, JA, Johnson, JA, Kollmeier, JA, Kounkel, M, Mahadevan, S, Price-Whelan, AM, Rojas-Arriagada, A, Román-Zúiga, C, Schlafly, EF, Schultheis, M, Shetrone, M, Simon, JD, Stassun, KG, Stutz, AM, Tayar, J, Teske, J, Tkachenko, A, Troup, N, Albareti, FD, Bizyaev, D, Bovy, J, Burgasser, AJ, Comparat, J, Downes, JJ, Geisler, D, Inno, L, Manchado, A, Ness, MK, Pinsonneault, MH, Prada, F, Roman-Lopes, A, Simonian, GVA, Smith, VV, Yan, R, and Zamora, O

Abstract

The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2) is a dual-hemisphere, near-infrared (NIR), spectroscopic survey with the goal of producing a chemodynamical mapping of the Milky Way. The targeting for APOGEE-2 is complex and has evolved with time. In this paper, we present the updates and additions to the initial targeting strategy for APOGEE-2N presented in Zasowski et al. (2017). These modifications come in two implementation modes: (i) "Ancillary Science Programs"competitively awarded to Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV PIs through proposal calls in 2015 and 2017 for the pursuit of new scientific avenues outside the main survey, and (ii) an effective 1.5 yr expansion of the survey, known as the Bright Time Extension (BTX), made possible through accrued efficiency gains over the first years of the APOGEE-2N project. For the 23 distinct ancillary programs, we provide descriptions of the scientific aims, target selection, and how to identify these targets within the APOGEE-2 sample. The BTX permitted changes to the main survey strategy, the inclusion of new programs in response to scientific discoveries or to exploit major new data sets not available at the outset of the survey design, and expansions of existing programs to enhance their scientific success and reach. After describing the motivations, implementation, and assessment of these programs, we also leave a summary of lessons learned from nearly a decade of APOGEE-1 and APOGEE-2 survey operations. A companion paper, F. Santana et al. (submitted; AAS29036), provides a complementary presentation of targeting modifications relevant to APOGEE-2 operations in the Southern Hemisphere.

Published
2021

7. Infant-phase reddening by surface Fe-peak elements in a normal type Ia supernova

Author

Ni, YQ, Ni, YQ, Moon, DS, Drout, MR, Polin, A, Sand, DJ, González-Gaitán, S, Kim, SC, Lee, Y, Park, HS, Howell, DA, Nugent, PE, Piro, AL, Brown, PJ, Galbany, L, Burke, J, Hiramatsu, D, Hosseinzadeh, G, Valenti, S, Afsariardchi, N, Andrews, JE, Antoniadis, J, Arcavi, I, Beaton, RL, Bostroem, KA, Carlberg, RG, Cenko, SB, Cha, SM, Dong, Y, Gal-Yam, A, Haislip, J, Holoien, TWS, Johnson, SD, Kouprianov, V, Matzner, CD, Morrell, N, McCully, C, Pignata, G, Reichart, DE, Rich, J, Ryder, SD, Smith, N, Wyatt, S, Yang, S, Ni, YQ, Ni, YQ, Moon, DS, Drout, MR, Polin, A, Sand, DJ, González-Gaitán, S, Kim, SC, Lee, Y, Park, HS, Howell, DA, Nugent, PE, Piro, AL, Brown, PJ, Galbany, L, Burke, J, Hiramatsu, D, Hosseinzadeh, G, Valenti, S, Afsariardchi, N, Andrews, JE, Antoniadis, J, Arcavi, I, Beaton, RL, Bostroem, KA, Carlberg, RG, Cenko, SB, Cha, SM, Dong, Y, Gal-Yam, A, Haislip, J, Holoien, TWS, Johnson, SD, Kouprianov, V, Matzner, CD, Morrell, N, McCully, C, Pignata, G, Reichart, DE, Rich, J, Ryder, SD, Smith, N, Wyatt, S, and Yang, S

Abstract

Type Ia supernovae are thermonuclear explosions of white dwarf stars. They play a central role in the chemical evolution of the Universe and are an important measure of cosmological distances. However, outstanding questions remain about their origins. Despite extensive efforts to obtain natal information from their earliest signals, observations have thus far failed to identify how the majority of them explode. Here, we present infant-phase detections of SN 2018aoz from a very low brightness of −10.5 AB absolute magnitude, revealing a hitherto unseen plateau in the B band that results in a rapid redward colour evolution between 1.0 and 12.4 hours after the estimated epoch of first light. The missing B-band flux is best explained by line-blanket absorption from Fe-peak elements in the outer 1% of the ejected mass. The observed B − V colour evolution of the supernova also matches the prediction from an over-density of Fe-peak elements in the same outer 1% of the ejected mass, whereas bluer colours are expected from a purely monotonic distribution of Fe-peak elements. The presence of excess nucleosynthetic material in the extreme outer layers of the ejecta points to enhanced surface nuclear burning or extended subsonic mixing processes in some normal type Ia SN explosions.

Published
2022

8. Old-Aged Primary Distance Indicators

Author

Beaton, Rl, Bono, G, Braga, Vf, Dall'Ora, M, Fiorentino, G, Jang, Is, Martínez-Vázquez, Ce, Matsunaga, N, Monelli, M, Neeley, Jr, and Salaris, M

Subjects
Settore FIS/05
Published
2018

9. On the Hunt for the Origins of the Orphan–Chenab Stream: Detailed Element Abundances with APOGEE and Gaia

Author

Keith Hawkins, Adrian M. Price-Whelan, Allyson A. Sheffield, Aidan Z. Subrahimovic, Rachael L. Beaton, Vasily Belokurov, Denis Erkal, Sergey E. Koposov, Richard R. Lane, Chervin F. P. Laporte, Christian Nitschelm, Hawkins, K [0000-0002-1423-2174], Price-Whelan, AM [0000-0003-0872-7098], Sheffield, AA [0000-0003-2178-8792], Subrahimovic, AZ [0000-0002-0837-6331], Beaton, RL [0000-0002-1691-8217], Belokurov, V [0000-0002-0038-9584], Erkal, D [0000-0002-8448-5505], Koposov, SE [0000-0003-2644-135X], Lane, RR [0000-0003-1805-0316], Nitschelm, C [0000-0003-4752-4365], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
astro-ph.SR, astro-ph.GA, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 5109 Space Sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 5101 Astronomical Sciences, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, 51 Physical Sciences, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
Abstract

Stellar streams in the Galactic halo are useful probes of the assembly of galaxies like the Milky Way. Many tidal stellar streams that have been found in recent years are accompanied by a known progenitor globular cluster or dwarf galaxy. However, the Orphan--Chenab (OC) stream is one case where a relatively narrow stream of stars has been found without a known progenitor. In an effort to find the parent of the OC stream, we use astrometry from the early third data release of ESA's Gaia mission (Gaia EDR3) and radial velocity information from the SDSS-IV APOGEE survey to find up to 13 stars that are likely members of the OC stream. We use the APOGEE survey to study the chemical nature (for up to 13 stars) of the OC stream in the $\alpha$ (O, Mg, Ca, Si, Ti, S), odd-Z (Al, K, V), Fe-peak (Fe, Ni, Mn, Co, Cr) and neutron capture (Ce) elemental groups. We find that the stars that make up the OC stream are not consistent with a mono-metallic population and have a median metallicity of --1.92~dex with a dispersion of 0.28 dex. Our results also indicate that the $\alpha$-elements are depleted compared to the known Milky Way populations and that its [Mg/Al] abundance ratio is not consistent with second generation stars from globular clusters. The detailed chemical pattern of these stars indicates that the OC stream progenitor is very likely to be a dwarf spheroidal galaxy with a mass of ~10$^6$ M$_\odot$., Comment: 13 Pages; 4 Figures. Submitted to AAS Journals, comments welcome

Published
2023

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