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Abstract Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) patients usually require long periods of mechanical ventilation and sedation, which added to steroid therapy, favours a predisposition to the development of delirium and subsequent mental health disorders, as well as physical and respiratory sequelae. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of post-intensive care syndrome (PICS) at 3 months after hospital discharge, in a cohort of mechanically ventilated patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). An ambispective, observational study was conducted in three hospitals with intensive care unit (ICU) follow-up clinics. We studied adults who survived a critical illness due to SARS-CoV-2 infection requiring invasive mechanical ventilation. A physical (muscle strength and pulmonary function), functional [12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12), and Barthel score], psychological [hospital anxiety and depression (HADS) and posttraumatic stress disorder symptom severity scales], and cognitive [Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) test] assessment were performed. A total of 186 patients were evaluated at 88 days (IQR 68–121) after hospital discharge. Mean age was 59 ± 12 years old, 126 (68%) patients were men, and median length of mechanical ventilation was 14 days (IQR 8–31). About 3 out of 4 patients (n = 139, 75%) met PICS criteria. Symptoms of cognitive and psychiatric disorders were found in 59 (32%) and 58 (31%) patients, respectively. Ninety-one (49%) patients had muscle weakness. Pulmonary function tests in patients with no respiratory comorbidities showed a normal pattern in 93 (50%) patients, and a restrictive disorder in 62 (33%) patients. Also, 69 patients (37%) were on sick leave, while 32 (17%) had resumed work at the time of assessment. In conclusion, survivors of critical illness due to SARS-CoV-2 infection requiring mechanical ventilation have a high prevalence of PICS. Physical domain is the most frequently damaged, followed by cognitive and psychiatric disorders. ICU follow-up clinics enable the assistance of this vulnerable population.

In vitro sugarcane plants (Saccharum spp.) are susceptible to environmental changes in theacclimatization phase, which affects their growth and development. The objective of thiswork was to evaluate the effect of the biostimulant Enerplant® on the survival and growth ofin vitro plants of sugarcane cv. C97-445 inex vitro acclimatization. Three solutions (0.6, 0.8and 1.0 ml l-1) of Enerplant® were evaluated and compared with the biostimulant VIUSID Agro®0.8 ml l-1. Two daily applications were made, the first three days after transplant and thenonce a week. The experiments were carried out in the dry season. The variables evaluatedwere survival at 15 days and morphophysiological at 55 days after transplantation. It wasverified that the application of Enerplant® increases the survival of sugarcanein vitroplantsand improves their growth. Treatment with 0.8 ml l-1 of this biostimulant had the greatest effect onin vitroplant growth underex vitro acclimatization conditions.

This research evaluates the possibility of using straight oils such as castor oil, which is not suitable for food use, and sunflower oil, used as a standard reference for waste cooking oils, in blends with gasoline as second-generation biofuels. To this end, a study of the rheological properties of biofuels obtained from these double blends has been carried out. The aim is to take advantage of the different properties of gasoline, i.e., its low viscosity and its high energy density to obtain blends whose rheological properties allow the substitution of fossil diesel in high extent. The incorporation of fossil diesel to these gasoline/oil mixtures produces diesel/gasoline/oil triple blends, which exhibited the suitable rheological properties to be able to operate in conventional diesel engines. Therefore, the behavior of these blends has been evaluated in a conventional diesel engine, operating as an electricity generator. The triple blends allow the substitution of fossil diesel up to 40% with sunflower oil, and up to 25% with castor oil, with excellent power results achieved for blends in which diesel is substituted up to 40%, and also in fuel consumption at high demand in comparison to conventional fossil diesel. Besides, a significant reduction in the emission of pollutants has also been obtained with these triple blends.

Two inorganic solids have been evaluated as supports of Lipozyme RM IM, a Rhizomucor miehei lipase immobilized on a macroporous anion exchange resin, in order to improve its application as a biocatalyst in the synthesis of biofuels. The experimental conditions have been optimized to get the selective transesterification of sunflower oil, by using a multi-factorial design based on the response surface methodology (RSM). In this way, the effects of several reaction parameters on the selective ethanolysis of triglycerides to produce Ecodiesel, a biodiesel-like biofuel constitute by one mole of monoglyceride (MG) and two moles of fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE), have been evaluated. Thus, it was obtained that a 6:1 oil/ethanol molar ratio, 0.215 g of biocatalyst supported in silica-gel (0.015 g Lipase/0.2 g silica-gel), 50 µL of 10 N NaOH, together with previous optimized reaction parameters, 35 °C reaction temperature and 120 min of reaction time, gave the best results (conversions around 70%; selectivity around 65%; kinematic viscosities about 9.3 mm2/s) in the reaction studied. Besides, Lipozyme RM IM, supported on silica-gel, biocatalyst exhibited a very good stability, remaining its activity even after 15 cycles.

This research aims to promote the use of second-generation biofuels based mainly on Castor oil, which is not adequate for food use, and Sunflower oil as a standard reference for recycled oils. They have been applied in the production of Ecodiesel, a biofuel that integrates glycerol as monoglyceride, employing sodium methoxide as homogeneous catalyst and ethanol as solvent, but operating in milder conditions than in the synthesis of conventional biodiesel in order to obtain a kinetic control of the selective transesterification. The behavior of biofuels has been evaluated in a conventional diesel engine, operating as an electricity generator. The contamination degree was also evaluated from the opacity values of the generated smokes. The different biofuels here studied have practically no differences in the behavior with respect to the power generated, although a small increase in the fuel consumption was obtained in some cases. However, with the biofuels employed, a significant reduction, up to 40%, in the emission of pollutants is obtained, mainly with the blend diesel/castor oil/alcohol. Besides, it is found that pure Castor oil can be employed directly as biofuel in triple blends diesel/biofuel/alcohol, exhibiting results that are very close to those obtained using biodiesel or Ecodiesel.

Este artículo reflexiona los signos más importantes erigidos alrededor de la clase media por el cine mexicano de la Época de Oro, esto es, la producción cinematográfica de finales de la década de los treinta y los primeros años de los cincuenta del siglo XX. Durante este periodo correspondió también un impulso muy importante a la industrialización y urbanización nacional desde el grupo en el poder, que conllevó la consolidación y expansión de la clase media mexicana. Derivado de esto, este estrato social experimentó contradicciones alrededor de su identidad, debatiéndose entre elementos como el amor, el dinero o la familia. El cine participó dentro de este proceso, discutiendo los mecanismos de ascenso social, reproduciendo y nutriendo prácticas, dando pie a otras, y constituyendo un delicado discurso que encarnó las tensiones, miedos y sueños de esta clase social. Todo ello a través de mecanismos de mediación tejidos entre el espacio histórico y fílmico, que pueden ser un vehículo historiográfico valioso para comprender la complejidad de la yuxtaposición que se vivía durante el periodo entre el México tradicional y el moderno.