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Background: Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) is characterized by an autoimmune response with production of auto-antibodies and destruction of erythrocytes resulting in anemia. Primary IMHA is referred to a condition when the cause is unknown (idiopathic), whereas secondary IMHA involves changes in red blood cells caused by the action of drugs, neoplasms, or infectious diseases. The diagnosis can be made through changes in the blood count, usually of a regenerative character, Coombs test, and autoagglutination test. The present study aimed to report a case of drug-induced hemolytic anemia, with emphasis on the clinical signs, diagnostic methods, and treatment, in a female dog. Case: A 9-year-old mixed-breed bitch weighing 29.6 kg was referred to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital (HCVUFRGS) with a previous diagnosis of gallbladder mucocele that was unresponsive to clinical treatment. After laboratory tests, cholecystectomy was performed, and the procedure required conversion from laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy. Therapy included administration of amoxicillin, dipyrone, tramadol hydrochloride, and meloxicam. Three days after surgery, the dog presented with apathy, lethargy, hyporexia, and a pale and subicteric mucosa. The patient developed hypochromic macrocytic anemia with reticulocytosis, spherocytosis, anisocytosis, and leukocytosis with neutrophilia. The result of the autoagglutination test was positive, confirming the diagnosis. All medications were suspended, and immunosuppressive treatment with dexamethasone was included, with a subsequent switch to prednisolone. After 10 days of treatment, the patient experienced significant improvement, and therapy was discontinued. Discussion: Based on the patient’s history, the cause of the IMHA was secondary to drug administration, and it is not possible to distinguish if it was due to one or a combination of drugs, as they were all started and stopped simultaneously. The patient had hypothyroidism, which may have contributed to the production of antibodies against TSH receptors, blocking the hormone’s action, thereby causing tissue damage due to T cell-mediated cytotoxicity and the effect of cytokines. The pale and subicteric mucosa, apathy, weakness, lethargy, exercise intolerance, and dyspnea resulted from extravascular hemolysis and bilirubin released from erythrocyte rupture with a subsequent decrease in the number of red blood cells, leading to oxygen transport deficiency. The diagnosis is based on the blood count and results of autoagglutination supported by the response to immunosuppressive therapy. Anemia results in increased production and release of precursor cells from the bone marrow, accompanied by reticulocytosis and increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). The treatment of IMHA consists of supportive care and immunosuppressive therapy with corticosteroids to ensure suppression of the immune system, preventing response against erythrocytes. Initially, tramadol hydrochloride, dipyrone, and amoxicillin with potassium clavulanate were suspended to interrupt the cause of IMHA, and administration of dexamethasone in an immunosuppressive dose was started. Therefore, it is important to include drug-induced IMHA in the differential diagnosis of patients who present with anemia after using medications. Early diagnosis, initiation of therapy, and adequate care were important factors for the recovery of the animal.

Background: Primary tracheal adenocarcinoma is a rare neoplasm in cats. The clinical signs often are indicative of upper airway obstruction accompanied with dyspnea, stridor, wheezing, exercise intolerance, and cough. The severity of the clinical signs is related to the size of the mass and consequently, the proportion of the tracheal lumen that is obstructed. The diagnosis is made using thoracic radiography and tracheobronchoscopy by collecting fragments for histopathological analysis and removing the mass. The present study aimed to report the case of a cat with tracheal adenocarcinoma. Case: A 17-year-old Persian female cat presented with clinical signs of dyspnea and progressive weight loss. Emergency therapy was started with bronchodilators, antibiotics, and corticosteroids, but there was no response to treatment. Complementary blood and imaging tests were performed. Thoracic radiography revealed soft tissue opacity overlying the dorsal trachea from the third to the fourth rib, bronchial pattern, and pulmonary hyperinflation. Tracheoscopy showed an irregular intraluminal thoracic trachea mass, occluded by approximately 95% of the airway lumen. The mass was biopsied multiple times with endoscopic cup biopsy forceps, followed by removal of approximately 50% of the mass lesion with an endoscopic wire snare. The patient was in intensive care, and since her clinical condition worsened 48 h after the endoscopic procedure, euthanasia was performed. Necropsy revealed a remanescent mass located in the trachea lumen 8 x 3 mm and a nodule in the right caudal pulmonary lobe with 8 mm of diameter . Histological examination showed epitelian cuboidal neoplastic cells with acinar patterns. Only a few mitosis and moderate anysocitosis were observed. The final diagnosis was primary tracheal adenocarcinoma with pulmonary metastasis. Discussion: The initial oxygen therapy associated with bronchodilators and antibiotics can be explained by the history of asthma. Tracheal tumors in cats are considered to be rare, which makes the diagnosis challenging. The suspicion of tracheal neoplasia was only raised after radiographic examination, but it was not possible to state whether it was intra- or extratracheal. The bronchial pattern reported herein can be observed both in inflammatory diseases such as asthma and bronchitis as well as aging-related diseases in animals. Pulmonary hyperinflation, with a caudal displacement of the diaphragm, is seen in bronchial diseases and in cases of tracheal neoplasms, with the latter justified by the retention of air in the pulmonary lobes. Dehydration and weight loss in the animal are justified by severe dyspnea, which makes it difficult to consume food and water. The tracheoscopy procedure was essential to confirm intraluminal tracheal neoplasia with almost complete lumen obstruction. An attempt was made to remove the neoplasms with polypectomy endoscopic forceps. However, because 95% of the trachea was obstructed, the manipulation led to local edema and bleeding, which promoted complete obstruction of the air passage to the lungs. The obstruction impaired the patient’s oxygenation, justifying procedure suspension. The instability and worsening of the clinical picture persisted in the subsequent days, which prevented further intervention, culminating in the animal’s euthanasia. Adenocarcinoma, in the present case, was in the advanced stage, evidenced by the presence of pulmonary metastasis. Dyspnea severity was related to neoplasm size, proportion of tracheal lumen obstruction, and presence of pulmonary metastasis. The tumor size associated with the presence of metastasis was a determining factor for the classification of neoplasia in the advanced stage, making more invasive interventions impossible and worsening the patient prognosis.

Background: The pillars of animal production are sanity, genetics and nutrition. Sanitary control of the herd is important to reduce production costs and maintain health. The Veterinary Clinics Hospital (HCV) of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), located in Porto Alegre - RS, is the place of greatest casuistry of the state, with 20.000 annual attendances, between small and large animals. In view of this scenario, the present study aimed to determine the frequency and characterize the ruminants attended at HCV, in order to help in the future, in the construction of control and prevention strategies of diseases found. Materials, Methods & Results: The documents of ruminant care between January 2007 and May 2018 were searched in the archives of the Hospital of Veterinary Clinics of UFRGS. Data on species, race, sex, age and diagnosis were collected. Diagnoses were classified as conclusive and inconclusive and the cases with conclusive diagnosis were classified according to etiology: infectious and parasitic diseases, metabolic and nutritional diseases, reproductive and obstetric diseases, toxic diseases, traumatic diseases. The prevalence of diseases and characteristics of ruminants attended (species, sex, category) was calculated. During the study period, between January 2007 and May 2018, 341 ruminants were attended, with emphasis on sheep (42%), goats (39%) and cattle (18%). In addition, a camel with foreign body obstruction, a sambar deer with fracture of the first thoracic vertebra and a buffalo with ruminal impaction were attended. The care profile was mapped, with predominance of females (57%) and adults (59%). Most of the animals did not present a defined breed, but among the breeds stands out Texel, of cutting aptitude, in sheeps and Saanen and Holstein, of dairy aptitude, in goats and cattle, respectively. In the retrospective study, the diseases with infectious and parasitic etiology presented the highest prevalence with 27.5% of the attendances, followed by reproductive (17.5%), traumatic (13.5%), metabolic (10%), others (10%) and toxic (2.5%). Sixty-six animals had inconclusive diagnosis (19.5%). Discussion: The highest prevalences were infectious and parasitic diseases, with emphasis on myiasis and verminosis. So, it is perceived that management corrections are sufficient to reduce the number of occurrences of diseases and prophylactic measures such as vaccination protocol, vermifugation and adequate nutritional management are allied in this walk. Among the reproductive diseases, dystocia (42.85%), which is one of the main causes of mortality in the peripartum period, has been highlighted. Dog attack was the major cause of traumas in ruminants and urolithiasis was highlighted in metabolic diseases. In toxic diseases, copper intoxication was the most important. Sheep are extremely sensitive to this intoxication, as they tend to accumulate copper in the organism. The retrospective study made it possible to visualize the panorama of HCV UFRGS visits to ruminants in the last years, mapping the profile and determining the casuistry of the diseases. Studies of hospital veterinary casuistry are rare, mainly involving ruminants. At the end, it is concluded that studies referring to casuistry are important to know the predominant diseases in a specific area and its risk factors considering differential diagnosis and future prevention programs.

A colelitíase, ou litíase biliar, é rara em felinos. O presente relato descreve o caso de um felino, macho, sem raça definida, com seis anos de idade que apresentava anorexia, dor abdominal, vômito e hipertermia. Ao exame ultrassonográfico de abdômen, a vesícula biliar apresentava formato irregular, paredes espessas e estruturas hiperecogênicas na região do seu colo e saída do ducto cístico, sugerindo presença de cálculos biliares. O paciente foi submetido à videolaparoscopia seguida de colecistectomia. Após sete dias, o animal obteve alta hospitalar e, aos 60 dias de pós-operatório, não demonstrou recidiva dos sinais clínicos. Cholelithiasis, or gallstones, is rare in cats. This report describes the case of a six years-old mongrel cat male that had anorexia, abdominal pain, vomiting and hyperthermia. The abdominal ultrasound revealed a gallbladder with irregular shape andhyperechogenic structures, in the gallbladder's neck and in the output of the cystic duct, suggesting gallstones. The patient was undergone to a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The animal was hospitalized for a week and after sixty days the owner no longer report clinical signs previously presented.

Afecções ortopédicas em gatos são frequentes, podendo-se encontrar fraturas cominutivas, neoplasias ósseas ou não-uniões de fraturas. Uma opção para o tratamento dessas afecções é a utilização de enxerto ou implante ósseo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar implantes ósseos corticais alógenos conservados em mel, congelados ou liofilizados na substituição de segmento diafisário do fêmur de felinos. Foi confeccionada uma falha óssea na diáfise do fêmur de 24 felinos. Em seis felinos a falha foi preenchida com o próprio osso removido e nos outros 18 animais, com implantes ósseos corticais alógenos conservados em mel, congelados ou liofilizados. Os animais foram avaliados clínica, radiográfica e histologicamente durante 180 dias. A incorporação foi de 91,6% no grupo controle, com tempo médio para consolidação de 83,1 dias; no mel foi de 75%, com tempo médio de 105 dias; no congelado foi de 83,3% com tempo médio de 78 dias e no liofilizado foi de 25%, com tempo médio de 120 dias. A porcentagem de consolidação foi significativamente menor no grupo liofilizado em relação aos grupos congelado e controle. É possível concluir que os implantes ósseos autógenos e os conservados no mel e congelados são eficazes no preenchimento de defeito cortical em fêmur de felinos. Cats with orthopedic conditions are a prominent part of the clinical work of veterinary. Conditions such as comminuted fractures, bone tumors and non-unions are often difficult to repair and may require the use of bone grafts for treatment. This study evaluated cortical bone allografts preserved in honey, frozen or lyophilized for correcting long bone defects created in the diaphysis of the right femur of domestic cats (n=24). In the control group (n=6), the defect was repaired using autogenous cortical bone graft. In the remaining animals (n=6/group), the defect was repaired with cortical bone allografts preserved in honey, frozen or lyophilized. Success of graft incorporation and length of time for consolidation were assessed through clinical, radiographic and histological evaluations performed up to 180 days. In the control, frozen, honey and lyophylized groups, respectively, success of graft incorporation was 91.6%, 83.3%, 75%, and 25%, with corresponding mean length of time for consolidation of 83.1, 78, 105 and 120 days. Incorporation percentage in the lyophilized group was significantly lower than in the frozen and control groups. In conclusion, bone grafts preserved in honey or frozen were effective for repairing cortical defects in the femurs of cats as compared to autogenous cortical bone grafts.

Objectives: To investigate the quality of newly formed bone in sheep mandibles submitted to distraction osteogenesis and low-level laser therapy (LLLT), based on hardness and modulus of elasticity values. The ideal moment for laser application (during the latency/activation period vs. during the bone consolidation period) was also evaluated. Computed tomography imaging was used to assess relapse as a result of early device removal. Study design: Extraoral distraction devices were placed in five sheep so as to achieve 1.5 cm of lengthened bone in 60 days. Distraction devices were removed 50, 40, and 33 days after surgery. Four animals were treated with LLLT, at different times, and one was used as control (no LLLT). Results: When applied during the bone consolidation period, LLLT caused an increase in hardness and modulus of elasticity values. On the other hand, animals irradiated with LLLT during the latency/activation period presented a delay in bone healing. A period of consolidation of 13 days (early device removal) was associated with relapse. Conclusions: Nanoindentation tests were able to detect slight abnormalities in bone metabolism and proved to be important tools for the assessment of bone quality following distraction osteogenesis. LLLT provided increased benefits when applied during the bone consolidation period, once it promoted an increase in hardness and modulus of elasticity values. According to our results, the bone consolidation period should be of at least 3 weeks, so as to prevent relapse. Key words: Osteogenesis distraction, low-level laser therapy, elastic modulus, hardness tests.

As deformidades flexurais são frequentemente vistas em animais recém-nascidos ou desenvolvem-se entre os dois primeiros anos de vida, porém, nos cavalos podem ser adquiridas em qualquer idade. Podem ser uni ou bilaterais, e geralmente se produzem como deformações flexoras das articulações interfalangeanas distais e metacarpofalangeanas. As causas relacionadas são as nutricionais, dolorosas, traumáticas, bem como a predisposição para o rápido crescimento. Foi atendido um equino, macho, castrado, sem raça definida, com oito anos de idade, 260 kg, utilizado para tração, que apresentava uma deformação flexora da articulação interfalangeana distal de grau II do membro torácico esquerdo. Pressupondo que as principais causas tenham sido a traumática e a dolorosa, foi estipulado como tratamento a tenotomia do tendão flexor digital profundo O pós-cirúrgico constou do uso de anti-inflamatório não esteroidal, casqueamento corretivo e sessões de fisioterapia diárias. Este trabalho mostra com êxito a utilização da tenotomia do tendão flexor digital profundo para correção da deformação flexural adquirida na articulação interfalangeana distal unilateral em um equino adulto. Com o tratamento estipulado, o membro locomotor do animal retornou à sua conformação normal e após seis meses não houve sinal de recidiva, o que garantiu uma melhora significativa na sua qualidade de vida. Flexural deformities are usually found in foal at birth or develop in the first two years of life but may be acquired at any age. They can be uni and bilateral, and generally are produced as flexural deformity of the distal interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joints. The related causes are nutritional, pain, trauma and the predisposition for fast growth. An eight-yearold gelded horse, with no defined breed, weighing 260 kg, used for animal traction presented a flexural deformity of the distal interphalangeal joint of the left thoracic member of stage II contractural deformities, having as possible causes trauma and pain. The tenotomy of the deep digital flexor tendon was stipulated as treatment. The postoperative consisted of the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory, corrective shoeing and daily sessions of physiotherapy. The present work shows with success the use of the tenotomy of the deep digital flexor tendon for correction of the acquired flexural deformation in the unilateral distal interphalangeal joint in an adult equine. With the stipulated treatment the animal returned to its normal configuration of the member and after six months it did not have any sign of recurrence, what guaranteed a significant improvement in its quality of life.

A colocação de cânulas no sistema digestório é freqüentemente requisitada para estudos experimentais de digestibilidade, principalmente em animais de produção. A colocação de cânulas impede o extravasamento de gás e conteúdo ruminal durante os intervalos de coleta, sendo utilizada em várias espécies e porções do trato digestório. O objetivo deste trabalho é a descrição de uma técnica cirúrgica de rumenostomia com colocação de cânula flexível de borracha em ovinos. Foram utilizados 14 ovinos machos inteiros adultos hígidos destinados a experimentação em nutrição de ruminantes. Após sedação e anestesia local, os animais foram submetidos à rumenostomia com colocação de cânulas flexíveis de borracha. A técnica se mostrou adequada para produção da fístula, apenas um dos animais apresentou extravasamento em torno da cânula após a implantação da mesma. A rumenostomia para implantação da cânula flexível é de fácil realização e ajuste anatômico em ovinos, proporcionando boa adaptação dos animais. The placement of cannula in the digestive system is frequently requested for experimental studies of digestibility, mainly in farm animals. The placement of cannula avoids the leakage of gas and rumen content during the collection intervals, being used in several species and portions of the digestive system. The objective of this study is to describe a surgical technique of rumenostomy with placement of flexible rubber cannula in sheeps. Fourteen healthy adult male sheeps destined to the experimentation in nutrition of ruminant were used. After sedation and local anesthesia, the animals were submitted to the rumenostomy with placement of flexible rubber cannula. The technique was appropriate for the fistulae producing, and just one of the animals presented leakage around the cannula after the implantation of it. The rumenostomy for implantation of the flexible cannula is a simple method and produces appropriate anatomical adjustment in sheeps, providing good adaptation of the animals.

Intussuscepção é uma afecção digestiva relativamente comum na clínica veterinária. Caracteriza-se pela invaginação de um segmento intestinal em outro adjacente, de maneira anterógrada ou retrógrada. No presente estudo descreve-se um caso de intussuscepção jejunoileal dupla em um cão. Os sinais clínicos são inespecíficos e incluem vômito, dor abdominal, fezes mucóides e sanguinolentas e pela existência de massa abdominal palpável. O diagnóstico se dá pelos sinais clínicos e exames complementares, como radiografias e ultra-sonografia. Através de celiotomia mediana ventral foi empregada técnica de enteroanastomose término-terminal para tratamento da afecção em questão. Um segmento de aproximadamente 80 cm do intestino delgado foi ressectado. Radiografias contrastadas pós-operatórias realizadas ao redor do vigésimo dia de evolução cirúrgica evidenciaram o trânsito intestinal normal no sítio anastomosado. O ganho de peso demonstrado pelo animal e a ausência de qualquer alteração de origem gastrintestinal confirmaram o sucesso do tratamento instituído. Intussusception is a relatively common disorder in clinical veterinary medicine, characterized by the prolapse of one segment of intestine into an adjoining segment and may be antegrade or retrograde. In the present study the authors describe a case of double jejunoileal intussusception in a dog. The clinical signs are nonspecific and include vomiting, abdominal pain, feces with mucous and blood and abdominal pain. The diagnosis is done by clinical signs and complementary tests, such as x-rays and ultrasound. Through laparotomy ending-to-end was used technique of enteroanastomosis. A segment of approximately 80 centimeters of length was ressected. Postoperative contrast x-rays through the twentieth day demonstrated normal intestinal flow. The weight gains and absence of any abnormal gastrointestinal signs, confirming the success of the instituted treatment.

Com a finalidade de desenvolver a técnica de colopexia transparietal auxiliada por laparoscopia e comparar seus resultados com os da incisional por celiotomia, foram utilizados 24 cães separados em dois grupos, denominados GA e GL. No GA, constituído de oito animais, foram realizadas colopexias incisionais por celiotomia. No GL, realizaram-se colopexias transparietais auxiliadas por laparoscopia. Os cães do GL foram separados em quatro subgrupos (S1, S2, S3, S4) com quatro animais cada, sendo utilizado um material diferente para o apoio externo das suturas para cada subgrupo, a citar: equipo de infusão (S1), disco plástico a partir de frasco de Solução de NaCl (S2), disco confeccionado em borracha de câmara de pneu (S3) e disco construído com tubo de silicone (S4). Aos 14 e aos 28 dias de pós-operatório, realizaram-se novos procedimentos laparoscópicos para avaliação das colopexias e coleta das biópsias. O tempo necessário para a realização das cirurgias foi significativamente maior no GL (p=0,02). Em sete cães do GA, constatou-se a manutenção da colopexia, sendo que todos apresentavam aderência do omento na região da sutura abdominal. Já em três animais do GL, todos do S4, as colopexias não foram mantidas. Na totalidade dos cães desse grupo, foram observadas dermatites e/ou celulites, sendo os melhores resultados obtidos no S3. As principais observações nos exames histológicos aos 14 dias nos animais do GL se referem a maior deposição de tecido conjuntivo no local de aderência do cólon e infiltração deste na musculatura esquelética associada. Já aos 28 dias, não se constataram diferenças entre os grupos. Em ambas as situações, as fibras de colágeno apresentavam-se maturas. Conclui-se que a técnica auxiliada por laparoscopia é viável; contudo, está associada à ocorrência de lesões teciduais no local de contato com os materiais de apoio para a sutura. Entre estes, o disco de borracha é o que demonstra melhores resultados. Two groups of dogs, GA (n=8) and GL (n=16) were used to compare the conventional and the transparietal laparsocopic assisted technique for colopexy and to compare with the conventional surgery. In the GA group, the colopexy was proceded by incisional technique trough celiotomy. In the GL group, the colopexy was performed using the transparietal laparoscopic assisted technique. The GL dogs were separated in four subgroups (S1, S2, S3 and S4) with four dogs each. In each subgroup a different stent was used, capton of infusion tube (S1); plastic disks made with NaCl solutions bottles (S2); disks made with rubber (S3) and silicone disks (S4). The time for complete surgery was statically higher in the GL group than GA. Seven GA dogs maintained the colopexy and all of these presented adherences of the omentum in the suture zone. In three GL animals, all of the S4 subgroup the colopexies were not maintained. In all dogs of this subgroup dermatitis and/or cellulites were observed. Best results were obtained in the S3 subgroup dogs. The main histological observations in the 14d-after surgery biopsies in GL animals were related to a higher connective tissue deposition at the colon adherence, and infiltration of this type of tissue into the associated musculature. In the 28d biopsies, no difference was found between groups. In both groups, the collagen fibers presented mature aspect. Concluding, the transparietal laparoscopic assisted technique is viable, however it’s associated with tissue lesions in the regions in contact with the material used to support the suture. The rubber disk presented better results.

No presente estudo, procurou-se avaliar e comparar as características histológicas e as resistências à tração de colopexias incisionais realizadas por cirurgia laparoscópica ou por celiotomia. Foram utilizados 15 cães separados em dois grupos, sendo que no GL, com oito animais, promoveram-se aderências do cólon por cirurgia laparoscópica e, no GA, por celiotomia. Os procedimentos laparoscópicos foram realizados por meio de quatro trocartes dispostos nas regiões umbilical, lateral direita e lateral esquerda, com os cães posicionados em decúbito dorsal. As lesões incisas produzidas no cólon descendente e na parede abdominal foram aposicionadas em duas camadas de sutura intracorpórea. Realizou-se sutura do cólon de forma semelhante nos representantes do GA. Quatorze dias após as cirurgias, os cães foram submetidos à eutanásia para a coleta de segmentos da parede abdominal e do cólon descendente, utilizados nos testes de resistência e nas análises histológicas. Houve diferença significativa entre os grupos no que se refere ao tempo operatório e de fixação do cólon, sendo tais valores maiores no GL (p0.05), and the rupture force in GL segments was 43.68+16.45N and in GA was 39.70+15.15N. No differences were found in histological examination between GL and GA groups, and in all dogs the fibers of collagen were mature. The results verified for the laparoscopic technique of colopexy, that presented surgical adhesions with similar quality of the provoked by a conventional technique, allow concluding that the laparoscopic procedure may be utilized as an alternative for rectal prolapse treatment in dogs.

Os defeitos de espessura completa do palato que resultam em comunicação oro-nasal raramente cicatrizam espontaneamente. Eles requerem reparo cirúrgico, porém, pode ser difícil obter cicatrização satisfatória devido às condições próprias das cavidades nasal e oral. Neste experimento, foram utilizados 14 cães, reunidos em dois grupos de igual número. Todos animais foram submetidos à indução de fenda palatina experimental. O grupo G1 foi o controle, cuja palatoplastia foi realizada a partir da confecção de "flap" muco-periósteo. No grupo G2, foi utilizada cartilagem da pina auricular conservada em glicerina a 98% entre o osso palatino e o muco-periósteo. Os animais foram avaliados macroscopicamente quanto ao processo cicatricial, por radiografias para a regeneração óssea e por rinoscopia para observar a regeneração da mucosa nasal. Foi observada a cicatrização da mucosa oral a partir do 10º dia, com deiscência de sutura em dois animais do grupo G1. A radiografia demonstrou evolução na cicatrização óssea, num processo mais acelerado no grupo G2 quando comparado ao grupo G1. A rinoscopia revelou, aos 60 dias, completa regeneração da mucosa nasal em ambos os grupos. Ao final do período de avaliação foi observada macroscopicamente, completa fusão óssea nos animais do grupo G2 e incompleta nos do grupo G1, o que demonstrou a interferência benéfica do implante no processo cicatricial do grupo G2. The incomplete defects of hard palate result in oro-nasal fistula seldom cure themselves in a spontaneous way, due to limited condition in oral and nasal cavity it may be difficult to obtain satisfactory cicatrization, requiring surgery to interfere in the healing process. Fourteen dogs arranged in two groups were submitted to experimental hard palate cleft. The G1 group was the control group, in which palatoplasty was achieved with mucous-periosteum flap. In the G2 group, a preserved at 98% glycerin auricular pinna cartilage was used between the palate bone and mucous-periosteum. The mucosal healing and bone regeneration were evaluated, radiographied and the nasal mucosa was observed by rhinoscopy. The oral mucosa heal was observed at the tenth day, but the suture dehiscence occurred in two dogs from the G1 group. The radiography evaluation demonstrated bone regeneration evolution quicker in the G2 group, than in the G1 group. The complete nasal mucous regeneration was demonstrated by rhinoscopy at the sixtieth day. The conclusive evaluation observed full bone union in the G2 group and unachieved bone union in the G1 group, which showed graft interference in the G2 group bone regeneration.

Com a finalidade de testar a solução hipersaturada de sal (na proporção de 1,5g de sal comercial para 1m de água tridestilada) como conservante, foram realizados implantes de pericárdio canino mantido neste meio, no mínimo por 90 dias, em lesões provocadas no músculo reto abdominal de 24 ratos Wistar. Previamente à implantação da membrana, a solução foi avaliada quanto a presença de bactérias e fungos, demonstrando resultados negativos. Durante o procedimento cirúrgico, foi removido um segmento da largura completa do músculo reto abdominal direito, de 1,5cm de comprimento. A lesão produzida foi preenchida com o implante, sendo este suturado às bordas musculares com fio de náilon monofilamentar 6-0 em padrão contínuo simples. Os animais operados foram subdivididos em seis grupos (I, II, III, IV, V, VI) de igual número, sendo posteriormente sacrificados aos três, cinco, sete,10, 15 e 30 dias do pós-operatório, afim de se realizar as avaliações macroscópica e histológica da região do implante. Nos exames macroscópico e histológico pôde-se constatar neovascularização no local reparado, que gradualmente foi decrescendo. Ao exame histológico foi observado a substituição gradativa do implante por tecido conjuntivo fibroso, sem a ocorrência de eliminação do implante ou contaminação. Através destes achados é possível afirmar que a solução hipersaturada de sal estudada, é um meio adequado para a conservação de pericárdio canino. This study evaluates the supersaturated salt solution (1,5g of commercial salt for 1m of tridestilled water) as a tissue preserver. Canine pericardium stored in this medium was implanted in defects made in the rectus abdominis muscle of 24 Wistar rats. Previously the implantation, analysis of the solution was performed and no bacteria or fungi were found. Surgical procedure: a 1,5cm of the right rectus abdominis muscle length was removed, and the defect was covered with the pericardium graft, which was sutured in the muscle borders with a 6-0 monofilamentar nylon using a simple continuous pattern. The rats were subdivided in six similar groups (I, II, III, IV, V, VI), and were euthanized in days 3, 5, 7, 10, 15 and 30 post-operative, respectively. Gross and histological examination showed neovascularization in the surgical site, and it was gradually decreasing. The pericardium was progressively being substituted by fibrous conjunctive tissue, without graft elimination or contamination. Supersaturated salt solution therefore offers an adequate storage system to the canine pericardium.

Doze cães foram submetidos ao pneumoperitônio com dióxido de carbono, em pressão constante de 15mmHg, e posicionados em Trendelenburg, Trendelenburg reverso e decúbito horizontal. As variáveis de saturação de oxigênio na hemoglobina, freqüência cardíaca, freqüência respiratória, pressão arterial média, sistólica e diastólica, o pH, a pressão parcial de CO2 e a pressão parcial de O2 foram mensurados. Somente a freqüência cardíaca, a freqüência respiratória, o pH e a pressão parcial de CO2 apresentaram diferença estatisticamente significativa em relação ao tempo. The present study evaluated the changes in abdominal insufflation with carbon dioxide, with constant pressure of 15mmHg. In this experiment 12 dogs, adult mongrels were used. After having installed the pneumoperitonium, the animals were positioned in Trendelenburg, reversed Trendelenburg and horizontal position. In each one of the mentioned positions, the dogs stayed for a period of 30 minutes, for evaluation of alterations in the variables of saturation of oxygen in the hemoglobin, heart rate, breathing rate, arterial blood pressure, pH, partial pressure of CO2 and partial pressure of O2. There was no influences of the positioning on the studied variables. The heart rate, breathing rate, pH and the partial pressure of CO2 had significant difference when compared at the time controls.

Twenty-four female canine subjects were submitted to ovariohysterectomies through laparoscopic surgical procedures. The surgical procedures were performed under general anesthesia with the animals in dorsal recumbency. The abdominal cavity was accessed through a punction with a Veress needle and was inflated with CO2. The animal was then placed in Trendelemburg position and four trocars were inserted in different regions of the abdominal wall. Following uterus identification, blood vessels were isolated and clipped with metallic devices. The body of the uterus was cut cranial to the cervix. The ovarian bursa was exposed and the suspensor ligament was fixed with a nipper. The suspensor ligament was clipped previously to its section. The ovarian arterial-venous complex was clipped and cut with the mesovarium ligament. The round ligament and the mesometrium were cut with a scissors and cauterized. The uterus and both ovaries were removed from the abdominal cavity trough one of the incisions. The most important intra-operatory event was the presence of hemorrhage with one death and one conversion to celiotomy. In the majority of the animals the hemorrhage was controlled with the placement of clips and/or cauterization. The laparoscopic surgery showed to be a suitable technique to perform ovariohysterectomy in canine females. Neste estudo, foram realizadas ovário-histerectomias laparoscópicas em 24 caninos. Os procedimentos cirúrgicos foram realizados sob anestesia geral, com os animais em decúbito dorsal. A cavidade abdominal foi puncionada com a agulha de Veress e foi insuflada com CO2. Os animais foram então colocados em posição de Trendelenburg, e quatro trocartes foram introduzidos em diferentes regiões da parede abdominal. Após a identificação do útero, os vasos uterinos foram isolados e ligados com dois clipes de titânio. O corpo do útero foi seccionado cranialmente à cérvix. A bursa ovariana foi exposta, e o ligamento suspensor foi apreendido com uma pinça. Procedeu-se à aplicação de um clipe neste ligamento previamente a sua secção. O complexo arteriovenoso ovariano foi ligado com um clipe e depois foi seccionado em conjunto com o mesovário. O ligamento redondo e o mesométrio foram seccionados com tesoura e cauterização monopolar. O útero e ambos os ovários foram retirados em bloco da cavidade por uma das incisões existentes. A principal complicação transoperatória foi a ocorrência de hemorragia, que ocasionou um óbito e uma conversão para cirurgia aberta. Na maioria dos animais, esta complicação foi adequadamente controlada pela aplicação de clipes e/ou utilização de cauterização monopolar. A realização de ovário-histerectomia em caninos por cirurgia laparoscópica demonstrou ser viável, e a técnica descrita para este procedimento mostrou-se adequada.