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5. Effect of foliar fungicide application timing on corn yield across different water regimes.

Author

Thapa, Sushil, Xue, Qingwu, Becker, Jacob, Jessup, Kirk E., Bell, Jourdan, Marek, Thomas, Sirmon, Preston, and Bean, Brent

Subjects
HYBRID corn, FUNGICIDE resistance, IRRIGATION water, WATER supply, GRAIN yields
Abstract

Corn (Zea mays L.) is a major irrigated crop in the Texas High Plains (THP). Inadequate precipitation, declining groundwater resources, and inevitable seasonal drought in the area have led to a greater number of studies on crop hybrids, water regimes, and other yield-enhancing techniques. A four-year field study was conducted to investigate the effect of foliar fungicide timing on corn grain yield, grain moisture, and grain test weight under different irrigation regimes. A fungicide containing QoI + DMI was applied to four to six corn hybrids each year at various growth stages (V5, R1, and V5 + R1). For all years, corn plants were grown under three irrigation regimes to meet the seasonal evapotranspiration (ET) requirements of 50% (I50), 75% (I75), and 100% (I100). Hybrid response to the timing of fungicide application and irrigation regime was not consistent over the years. However, in 2 of the 4 years, timing of fungicide application resulted in yield differences among the hybrids, especially at I75 and L100. For those years, the fungicide applied at R1 resulted in a higher grain yield, grain moisture, and grain test weight followed by the fungicide applied at V5 + R1. Results showed that hybrids reacted differently to the foliar fungicide based on the availability of water under disease-free conditions. This study further revealed that irrigation water could be reduced from I100 to I75 with a limited (5.6% in 2011, 11.3% in 2012, 1.3% in 2013, and 0.3% in 2014) yield penalty in the THP region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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6. Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author

Murray, Christopher J L, Aravkin, Aleksandr Y, Zheng, Peng, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbas, Kaja M, Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdelalim, Ahmed, Abdollahi, Mohammad, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, Abegaz, Kedir Hussein, Abolhassani, Hassan, Aboyans, Victor, Abreu, Lucas Guimarães, Abrigo, Michael R M, Abualhasan, Ahmed, Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal, Abushouk, Abdelrahman I, Adabi, Maryam, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adeoye, Abiodun Moshood, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O, Adham, Davoud, Advani, Shailesh M, Agarwal, Gina, Aghamir, Seyed Mohammad Kazem, Agrawal, Anurag, Ahmad, Tauseef, Ahmadi, Keivan, Ahmadi, Mehdi, Ahmadieh, Hamid, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Akalu, Temesgen Yihunie, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Akinyemiju, Tomi, Akombi, Blessing, Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet, Alahdab, Fares, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Samiah, Alam, Tahiya, Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour, Alanzi, Turki M, Alemu, Biresaw wassihun, Alhabib, Khalid F, Ali, Muhammad, Ali, Saqib, Alicandro, Gianfranco, Alinia, Cyrus, Alipour, Vahid, Alizade, Hesam, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Alla, François, Allebeck, Peter, Almasi-Hashiani, Amir, Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M, Alonso, Jordi, Altirkawi, Khalid A, Amini-Rarani, Mostafa, Amiri, Fatemeh, Amugsi, Dickson A, Ancuceanu, Robert, Anderlini, Deanna, Anderson, Jason A, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Andrei, Tudorel, Angus, Colin, Anjomshoa, Mina, Ansari, Fereshteh, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, Antonazzo, Ippazio Cosimo, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Antony, Catherine M, Antriyandarti, Ernoiz, Anvari, Davood, Anwer, Razique, Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw, Arabloo, Jalal, Arab-Zozani, Morteza, Ariani, Filippo, Armoon, Bahram, Ärnlöv, Johan, Arzani, Afsaneh, Asadi-Aliabadi, Mehran, Asadi-Pooya, Ali A, Ashbaugh, Charlie, Assmus, Michael, Atafar, Zahra, Atnafu, Desta Debalkie, Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi, Ausloos, Floriane, Ausloos, Marcel, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, Ayano, Getinet, Ayanore, Martin Amogre, Azari, Samad, Azarian, Ghasem, Azene, Zelalem Nigussie, Badawi, Alaa, Badiye, Ashish D, Bahrami, Mohammad Amin, Bakhshaei, Mohammad Hossein, Bakhtiari, Ahad, Bakkannavar, Shankar M, Baldasseroni, Alberto, Ball, Kylie, Ballew, Shoshana H, Balzi, Daniela, Banach, Maciej, Banerjee, Srikanta K, Bante, Agegnehu Bante, Baraki, Adhanom Gebreegziabher, Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Barrero, Lope H, Barthelemy, Celine M, Barua, Lingkan, Basu, Sanjay, Baune, Bernhard T, Bayati, Mohsen, Becker, Jacob S, Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Béjot, Yannick, Bell, Michellr L, Bennitt, Fiona B, Bensenor, Isabela M, Berhe, Kidanemaryam, Berman, Adam E, Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth, Bhageerathy, Reshmi, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhandari, Dinesh, Bhattacharyya, Krittika, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Bijani, Ali, Bikbov, Boris, Bin Sayeed, Muhammad Shahdaat, Biondi, Antonio, Birihane, Binyam Minuye, Bisignano, Catherine, Biswas, Raaj Kishore, Bitew, Helen, Bohlouli, Somayeh, Bohluli, Mehdi, Boon-Dooley, Alexandra S, Borges, Guilherme, Borzì, Antonio Maria, Borzouei, Shiva, Bosetti, Cristina, Boufous, Soufiane, Braithwaite, Dejana, Breitborde, Nicholas J K, Breitner, Susanne, Brenner, Hermann, Briant, Paul Svitil, Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich, Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich, Britton, Gabrielle B, Bryazka, Dana, Bumgarner, Blair R, Burkart, Katrin, Burnett, Richard Thomas, Burugina Nagaraja, Sharath, Butt, Zahid A, Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano, Cahill, Leah E, Cámera, Luis LA Alberto, Campos-Nonato, Ismael R, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carreras, Giulia, Carrero, Juan J, Carvalho, Felix, Castaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, Castelpietra, Giulio, Castro, Franz, Causey, Kate, Cederroth, Christopher R, Cercy, Kelly M, Cerin, Ester, Chandan, Joht Singh, Chang, Kai-Lan, Charlson, Fiona J, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Chaturvedi, Sarika, Cherbuin, Nicolas, Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel, Cho, Daniel Youngwhan, Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine, Christensen, Hanne, Chu, Dinh-Toi, Chung, Michael T, Chung, Sheng-Chia, Cicuttini, Flavia M, Ciobanu, Liliana G, Cirillo, Massimo, Classen, Thomas Khaled Dwayne, Cohen, Aaron J, Compton, Kelly, Cooper, Owen R, Costa, Vera Marisa, Cousin, Ewerton, Cowden, Richard G, Cross, Di H, Cruz, Jessica A, Dahlawi, Saad M A, Damasceno, Albertino Antonio Moura, Damiani, Giovanni, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dangel, William James, Danielsson, Anna-Karin, Dargan, Paul I, Darwesh, Aso Mohammad, Daryani, Ahmad, Das, Jai K, Das Gupta, Rajat, das Neves, José, Dávila-Cervantes, Claudio Alberto, Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil, De Leo, Diego, Degenhardt, Louisa, DeLang, Marissa, Dellavalle, Robert Paul, Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen, Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam, Demsie, Desalegn Getnet, Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar, Dervenis, Nikolaos, Dhungana, Govinda Prasad, Dianatinasab, Mostafa, Dias da Silva, Diana, Diaz, Daniel, Dibaji Forooshani, Zahra Sadat, Djalalinia, Shirin, Do, Hoa Thi, Dokova, Klara, Dorostkar, Fariba, Doshmangir, Leila, Driscoll, Tim Robert, Duncan, Bruce B, Duraes, Andre Rodrigues, Eagan, Arielle Wilder, Edvardsson, David, El Nahas, Nevine, El Sayed, Iman, El Tantawi, Maha, Elbarazi, Iffat, Elgendy, Islam Y, El-Jaafary, Shaimaa I, Elyazar, Iqbal RF, Emmons-Bell, Sophia, Erskine, Holly E, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Esmaeilnejad, Saman, Esteghamati, Alireza, Estep, Kara, Etemadi, Arash, Etisso, Atkilt Esaiyas, Fanzo, Jessica, Farahmand, Mohammad, Fareed, Mohammad, Faridnia, Roghiyeh, Farioli, Andrea, Faro, Andre, Faruque, Mithila, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fattahi, Nazir, Fazlzadeh, Mehdi, Feigin, Valery L, Feldman, Rachel, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Eduarda, Ferrara, Giannina, Ferrari, Alize J, Ferreira, Manuela L, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Fisher, James L, Flor, Luisa Sorio, Foigt, Nataliya A, Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin, Fomenkov, Artem Alekseevich, Force, Lisa M, Foroutan, Masoud, Franklin, Richard Charles, Freitas, Marisa, Fu, Weijia, Fukumoto, Takeshi, Furtado, João M, Gad, Mohamed M, Gakidou, Emmanuela, Gallus, Silvano, Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L, Gardner, William M, Geberemariyam, Biniyam Sahiledengle, Gebreslassie, Assefa Ayalew Ayalew Ayalew, Geremew, Abraham, Gershberg Hayoon, Anna, Gething, Peter W, Ghadimi, Maryam, Ghadiri, Keyghobad, Ghaffarifar, Fatemeh, Ghafourifard, Mansour, Ghamari, Farhad, Ghashghaee, Ahmad, Ghiasvand, Hesam, Ghith, Nermin, Gholamian, Asadollah, Ghosh, Rakesh, Gill, Paramjit Singh, Ginindza, Themba G G, Giussani, Giorgia, Gnedovskaya, Elena V, Goharinezhad, Salime, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Gorini, Giuseppe, Goudarzi, Houman, Goulart, Alessandra C, Greaves, Felix, Grivna, Michal, Grosso, Giuseppe, Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen, Gugnani, Harish Chander, Guimarães, Rafael Alves, Guled, Rashid Abdi, Guo, Gaorui, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Tarun, Haddock, Beatrix, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Hafiz, Abdul, Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin, Haj-Mirzaian, Arya, Hall, Brian J, Halvaei, Iman, Hamadeh, Randah R, Hamidi, Samer, Hammer, Melanie S, Hankey, Graeme J, Haririan, Hamidreza, Haro, Josep Maria, Hasaballah, Ahmed I, Hasan, Md Mehedi, Hasanpoor, Edris, Hashi, Abdiwahab, Hassanipour, Soheil, Hassankhani, Hadi, Havmoeller, Rasmus J, Hay, Simon I, Hayat, Khezar, Heidari, Golnaz, Heidari-Soureshjani, Reza, Henrikson, Hannah J, Herbert, Molly E, Herteliu, Claudiu, Heydarpour, Fatemeh, Hird, Thomas R, Hoek, Hans W, Holla, Ramesh, Hoogar, Praveen, Hosgood, H Dean, Hossain, Naznin, Hosseini, Mostafa, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Hostiuc, Sorin, Househ, Mowafa, Hsairi, Mohamed, Hsieh, Vivian Chia-rong, Hu, Guoqing, Hu, Kejia, Huda, Tanvir M, Humayun, Ayesha, Huynh, Chantal K, Hwang, Bing-Fang, Iannucci, Vincent C, Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel, Ikeda, Nayu, Ikuta, Kevin S, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Ilic, Irena M, Ilic, Milena D, Inbaraj, Leeberk Raja, Ippolito, Helen, Iqbal, Usman, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Irvine, Caleb Mackay Salpeter, Islam, M Mofizul, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Iso, Hiroyasu, Ivers, Rebecca Q, Iwu, Chidozie C D, Iwu, Chinwe Juliana, Iyamu, Ihoghosa Osamuyi, Jaafari, Jalil, Jacobsen, Kathryn H, Jafari, Hussain, Jafarinia, Morteza, Jahani, Mohammad Ali, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, Jalilian, Farzad, James, Spencer L, Janjani, Hosna, Javaheri, Tahereh, Javidnia, Javad, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jenabi, Ensiyeh, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jha, Vivekanand, Ji, John S, Johansson, Lars, John, Oommen, John-Akinola, Yetunde O, Johnson, Catherine Owens, Jonas, Jost B, Joukar, Farahnaz, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Jürisson, Mikk, Kabir, Ali, Kabir, Zubair, Kalani, Hamed, Kalani, Rizwan, Kalankesh, Leila R, Kalhor, Rohollah, Kanchan, Tanuj, Kapoor, Neeti, Karami Matin, Behzad, Karch, André, Karim, Mohd Anisul, Kassa, Getachew Mullu, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, Kayode, Gbenga A, Kazemi Karyani, Ali, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Keller, Cathleen, Kemmer, Laura, Kendrick, Parkes J, Khalid, Nauman, Khammarnia, Mohammad, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Maseer, Khatab, Khaled, Khater, Mona M, Khatib, Mahalaqua Nazli, Khayamzadeh, Maryam, Khazaei, Salman, Kieling, Christian, Kim, Yun Jin, Kimokoti, Ruth W, Kisa, Adnan, Kisa, Sezer, Kivimäki, Mika, Knibbs, Luke D, Knudsen, Ann Kristin Skrindo, Kocarnik, Jonathan M, Kochhar, Sonali, Kopec, Jacek A, Korshunov, Vladimir Andreevich, Koul, Parvaiz A, Koyanagi, Ai, Kraemer, Moritz U G, Krishan, Kewal, Krohn, Kris J, Kromhout, Hans, Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, Kumar, G Anil, Kumar, Vivek, Kurmi, Om P, Kusuma, Dian, La Vecchia, Carlo, Lacey, Ben, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lallukka, Tea, Lami, Faris Hasan, Landires, Iván, Lang, Justin J, Langan, Sinéad M, Larsson, Anders O, Lasrado, Savita, Lauriola, Paolo, Lazarus, Jeffrey V, Lee, Paul H, Lee, Shaun Wen Huey, LeGrand, Kate E, Leigh, James, Leonardi, Matilde, Lescinsky, Haley, Leung, Janni, Levi, Miriam, Li, Shanshan, Lim, Lee-Ling, Linn, Shai, Liu, Shiwei, Liu, Simin, Liu, Yang, Lo, Justin, Lopez, Alan D, Lopez, Jaifred Christian F, Lopukhov, Platon D, Lorkowski, Stefan, Lotufo, Paulo A, Lu, Alton, Lugo, Alessandra, Maddison, Emilie R, Mahasha, Phetole Walter, Mahdavi, Mokhtar Mahdavi, Mahmoudi, Morteza, Majeed, Azeem, Maleki, Afshin, Maleki, Shokofeh, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mamun, Abdullah A, Manda, Ana Laura, Manguerra, Helena, Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz, Mansouri, Borhan, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Mantilla Herrera, Ana M, Maravilla, Joemer C, Marks, Ashley, Martin, Randall V, Martini, Santi, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, Masaka, Anthony, Masoumi, Seyedeh Zahra, Mathur, Manu Raj, Matsushita, Kunihiro, Maulik, Pallab K, McAlinden, Colm, McGrath, John J, McKee, Martin, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Mehri, Fereshteh, Mehta, Kala M, Memish, Ziad A, Mendoza, Walter, Menezes, Ritesh G, Mengesha, Endalkachew Worku, Mereke, Alibek, Mereta, Seid Tiku, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Miazgowski, Bartosz, Miazgowski, Tomasz, Michalek, Irmina Maria, Miller, Ted R, Mills, Edward J, Mini, GK, Miri, Mohammad, Mirica, Andreea, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, Mirzaei, Hamed, Mirzaei, Maryam, Mirzaei, Roya, Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Mehdi, Misganaw, Awoke Temesgen, Mithra, Prasanna, Moazen, Babak, Mohammad, Dara K, Mohammad, Yousef, Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Naser, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah, Mohammadifard, Noushin, Mohammadpourhodki, Reza, Mohammed, Ammas Siraj, Mohammed, Hussen, Mohammed, Jemal Abdu, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mokdad, Ali H, Molokhia, Mariam, Monasta, Lorenzo, Mooney, Meghan D, Moradi, Ghobad, Moradi, Masoud, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah, Moraga, Paula, Morawska, Lidia, Morgado-da-Costa, Joana, Morrison, Shane Douglas, Mosapour, Abbas, Mosser, Jonathan F, Mouodi, Simin, Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, Mousavi Khaneghah, Amin, Mueller, Ulrich Otto, Mukhopadhyay, Satinath, Mullany, Erin C, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Muthupandian, Saravanan, Nabhan, Ashraf F, Naderi, Mehdi, Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman, Nagel, Gabriele, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naghshtabrizi, Behshad, Naimzada, Mukhammad David, Najafi, Farid, Nangia, Vinay, Nansseu, Jobert Richie, Naserbakht, Morteza, Nayak, Vinod C, Negoi, Ionut, Ngunjiri, Josephine W, Nguyen, Cuong Tat, Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi, Nguyen, Minh, Nigatu, Yeshambel T, Nikbakhsh, Rajan, Nixon, Molly R, Nnaji, Chukwudi A, Nomura, Shuhei, Norrving, Bo, Noubiap, Jean Jacques, Nowak, Christoph, Nunez-Samudio, Virginia, Oţoiu, Adrian, Oancea, Bogdan, Odell, Christopher M, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Okunga, Emmanuel Wandera, Oladnabi, Morteza, Olagunju, Andrew T, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Omer, Muktar Omer, Ong, Kanyin L, Onwujekwe, Obinna E, Orpana, Heather M, Ortiz, Alberto, Osarenotor, Osayomwanbo, Osei, Frank B, Ostroff, Samuel M, Otstavnov, Nikita, Otstavnov, Stanislav S, Øverland, Simon, Owolabi, Mayowa O, P A, Mahesh, Padubidri, Jagadish Rao, Palladino, Raffaele, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Pandey, Anamika, Parry, Charles D H, Pasovic, Maja, Pasupula, Deepak Kumar, Patel, Sangram Kishor, Pathak, Mona, Patten, Scott B, Patton, George C, Pazoki Toroudi, Hamidreza, Peden, Amy E, Pennini, Alyssa, Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino, Peprah, Emmanuel K, Pereira, David M, Pesudovs, Konrad, Pham, Hai Quang, Phillips, Michael R, Piccinelli, Cristiano, Pilz, Tessa M, Piradov, Michael A, Pirsaheb, Meghdad, Plass, Dietrich, Polinder, Suzanne, Polkinghorne, Kevan R, Pond, Constance Dimity, Postma, Maarten J, Pourjafar, Hadi, Pourmalek, Farshad, Poznańska, Anna, Prada, Sergio I, Prakash, V, Pribadi, Dimas Ria Angga, Pupillo, Elisabetta, Quazi Syed, Zahiruddin, Rabiee, Mohammad, Rabiee, Navid, Radfar, Amir, Rafiee, Ata, Raggi, Alberto, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rajabpour-Sanati, Ali, Rajati, Fatemeh, Rakovac, Ivo, Ram, Pradhum, Ramezanzadeh, Kiana, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Rao, Puja C, Rao, Sowmya J, Rashedi, Vahid, Rathi, Priya, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawaf, Salman, Rawal, Lal, Rawassizadeh, Reza, Rawat, Ramu, Razo, Christian, Redford, Sofia Boston, Reiner, Robert C, Jr, Reitsma, Marissa Bettay, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Renjith, Vishnu, Renzaho, Andre M N, Resnikoff, Serge, Rezaei, Negar, Rezaei, Nima, Rezapour, Aziz, Rhinehart, Phoebe-Anne, Riahi, Seyed Mohammad, Ribeiro, Daniel Cury, Ribeiro, Daniela, Rickard, Jennifer, Rivera, Juan A, Roberts, Nicholas L S, Rodríguez-Ramírez, Sonia, Roever, Leonardo, Ronfani, Luca, Room, Robin, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Roth, Gregory A, Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Rubagotti, Enrico, Rwegerera, Godfrey M, Sabour, Siamak, Sachdev, Perminder S, Saddik, Basema, Sadeghi, Ehsan, Sadeghi, Masoumeh, Saeedi, Reza, Saeedi Moghaddam, Sahar, Safari, Yahya, Safi, Sare, Safiri, Saeid, Sagar, Rajesh, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sajadi, S Mohammad, Salam, Nasir, Salamati, Payman, Salem, Hosni, Salem, Marwa R Rashad, Salimzadeh, Hamideh, Salman, Omar Mukhtar, Salomon, Joshua A, Samad, Zainab, Samadi Kafil, Hossein, Sambala, Evanson Zondani, Samy, Abdallah M, Sanabria, Juan, Sánchez-Pimienta, Tania G, Santomauro, Damian Francesco, Santos, Itamar S, Santos, João Vasco, Santric-Milicevic, Milena M, Saraswathy, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer, Sarmiento-Suárez, Rodrigo, Sarrafzadegan, Nizal, Sartorius, Benn, Sarveazad, Arash, Sathian, Brijesh, Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu, Sattin, Davide, Saxena, Sonia, Schaeffer, Lauren E, Schiavolin, Silvia, Schlaich, Markus P, Schmidt, Maria Inês, Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth, Schwebel, David C, Schwendicke, Falk, Senbeta, Anbissa Muleta, Senthilkumaran, Subramanian, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Serdar, Berrin, Serre, Marc L, Shadid, Jamileh, Shafaat, Omid, Shahabi, Saeed, Shaheen, Amira A, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shalash, Ali S, Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran, Shamsizadeh, Morteza, Sharafi, Kiomars, Sheikh, Aziz, Sheikhtaheri, Abbas, Shibuya, Kenji, Shield, Kevin David, Shigematsu, Mika, Shin, Jae Il, Shin, Min-Jeong, Shiri, Rahman, Shirkoohi, Reza, Shuval, Kerem, Siabani, Soraya, Sierpinski, Radoslaw, Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Sigurvinsdottir, Rannveig, Silva, João Pedro, Simpson, Kyle E, Singh, Jasvinder A, Singh, Pushpendra, Skiadaresi, Eirini, Skou, Søren T, Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich, Smith, Emma U R, Soheili, Amin, Soltani, Shahin, Soofi, Moslem, Sorensen, Reed J D, Soriano, Joan B, Sorrie, Muluken Bekele, Soshnikov, Sergey, Soyiri, Ireneous N, Spencer, Cory N, Spotin, Adel, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, Srinivasan, Vinay, Stanaway, Jeffrey D, Stein, Caroline, Stein, Dan J, Steiner, Caitlyn, Stockfelt, Leo, Stokes, Mark A, Straif, Kurt, Stubbs, Jacob L, Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale, Suleria, Hafiz Ansar Rasul, Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Rizwan, Sulo, Gerhard, Sultan, Iyad, Szumowski, Łukasz, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tabb, Karen M, Tabuchi, Takahiro, Taherkhani, Amir, Tajdini, Masih, Takahashi, Ken, Takala, Jukka S, Tamiru, Animut Tagele, Taveira, Nuno, Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Tesema, Getayeneh Antehunegn, Tessema, Zemenu Tadesse, Thurston, George D, Titova, Mariya Vladimirovna, Tohidinik, Hamid Reza, Tonelli, Marcello, Topor-Madry, Roman, Topouzis, Fotis, Torre, Anna E, Touvier, Mathilde, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto Roberto, Tran, Bach Xuan, Travillian, Ravensara, Tsatsakis, Aristidis, Tudor Car, Lorainne, Tyrovolas, Stefanos, Uddin, Riaz, Umeokonkwo, Chukwuma David, Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran, Upadhyay, Era, Vacante, Marco, Valdez, Pascual R, van Donkelaar, Aaron, Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, Vasseghian, Yasser, Veisani, Yousef, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Violante, Francesco S, Vlassov, Vasily, Vollset, Stein Emil, Vos, Theo, Vukovic, Rade, Waheed, Yasir, Wallin, Mitchell Taylor, Wang, Yafeng, Wang, Yuan-Pang, Watson, Alexandrea, Wei, Jingkai, Wei, Melissa Y Wei, Weintraub, Robert G, Weiss, Jordan, Werdecker, Andrea, West, J Jason, Westerman, Ronny, Whisnant, Joanna L, Whiteford, Harvey A, Wiens, Kirsten E, Wolfe, Charles D A, Wozniak, Sarah S, Wu, Ai-Min, Wu, Junjie, Wulf Hanson, Sarah, Xu, Gelin, Xu, Rixing, Yadgir, Simon, Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Seyed Hossein, Yamagishi, Kazumasa, Yaminfirooz, Mousa, Yano, Yuichiro, Yaya, Sanni, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Vahid, Yeheyis, Tomas Y, Yilgwan, Christopher Sabo, Yilma, Mekdes Tigistu, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Younis, Mustafa Z, Younker, Theodore Patrick, Yousefi, Bahman, Yousefi, Zabihollah, Yousefinezhadi, Taraneh, Yousuf, Abdilahi Yousuf, Yu, Chuanhua, Yusefzadeh, Hasan, Zahirian Moghadam, Telma, Zamani, Mohammad, Zamanian, Maryam, Zandian, Hamed, Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich, Zhang, Yunquan, Zhang, Zhi-Jiang, Zhao, Jeff T, Zhao, Xiu-Ju George, Zhao, Yingxi, Zhou, Maigeng, Ziapour, Arash, Zimsen, Stephanie R M, Brauer, Michael, Afshin, Ashkan, and Lim, Stephen S

Published
2020
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8. Sources of Students' Anxiety in a Multidisciplinary Social Statistics Course

Author

Condron, Dennis J., Becker, Jacob H., and Bzhetaj, Linda

Abstract

To what extent, and why, do social science undergraduates experience anxiety about taking statistics courses? Despite holding assumptions of rampant statistics anxiety among students, sociologists have conducted few empirical studies of this issue. We extend the literature by analyzing data from a survey of sociology, social work, and criminal justice students enrolled in seven sections of our department's Social Statistics with Computer Applications course in the winter 2018 semester. Two thirds of respondents are anxious or very anxious about taking the course. They experience statistics anxiety primarily due to their lack of confidence in their ability to succeed in the course and their more general test-taking anxiety. This article offers a framework for instructors of social statistics courses to measure student anxiety and to address it in class in a way that aims to alleviate anxiety among the anxious while not alienating those who are comfortable in the course.

Published
2018
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11. Intersectionopoly: A Simulation of the Wage Gap

Author

Paino, Maria, May, Matthew, Burrington, Lori A., and Becker, Jacob H.

Abstract

This article describes a simulation activity designed to teach students about the wage gap. The wage gap is an important topic in many sociology classrooms, but it can be difficult to convey the accumulated disadvantage experienced by women and racial/ethnic minorities to students using in-class discussions, lectures, or assigned readings alone. This is particularly true on college campuses that may draw their students from more affluent areas. Classroom simulations, however, provide an opportunity for students with all types of backgrounds to engage their sociological imaginations. In our simulation--Intersectionopoly--we use a modified version of Monopoly based on the wage gap and racial/ethnic minorities' experiences of everyday life to illustrate how members of different racial and gender groups experience disparities in earnings. Unlike other versions of stratified Monopoly, this simulation more closely mirrors the subtle nature of discrimination in the contemporary United States.

Published
2017
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14. Monocrystalline 1.7-eV MgCdTe solar cells.

Author

Ding, Jia, Campbell, Calli M., Becker, Jacob J., Tsai, Cheng-Ying, Schaefer, Stephen T., McCarthy, Tyler T., Boccard, Mathieu, Holman, Zachary C., and Zhang, Yong-Hang

Subjects
SOLAR cells, PHOTOVOLTAIC power systems, MOLECULAR beam epitaxy, ANTIREFLECTIVE coatings, OPEN-circuit voltage, SHORT-circuit currents
Abstract

Monocrystalline 1.7 eV Mg0.13Cd0.87Te/MgxCd1−xTe (x > 0.13) double heterostructure (DH) solar cells with varying Mg compositions in the barrier layers are grown by molecular beam epitaxy. A Mg0.13Cd0.87Te/Mg0.37Cd0.63Te DH solar cell featuring abrupt interfaces between barriers and absorber and the addition of a SiO2 anti-reflective coating demonstrate open-circuit voltage (VOC), short-circuit current density (JSC), fill factor (FF), and device active-area efficiencies up to 1.129 V, 17.3 mA/cm2, 77.7%, and 15.2%, respectively. The VOC and FF vary oppositely with the MgxCd1−xTe barrier height, indicating an optimal design of the MgCdTe DHs as a trade-off between carrier confinement and carrier transport. Temperature-dependent VOC measurements reveal that the majority of carrier recombination in the devices occurs outside the DHs, in the a-Si:H hole-contact layer, and at the interface between the a-Si:H layer and the MgxCd1−xTe top barrier at room temperature. Simulation results for the device with the highest efficiency show that the p-type a-Si:H layer and the Mg0.37Cd0.63Te top barrier contribute 1.3 and 2.4 mA/cm2JSC loss, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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20. Does Midcarpal Joint Structure Affect Development of Arthritis in the Wrist

Author

Tesoriero, Paul, Becker, Jacob, Passano, Brandon, Huang, Shengnan, Petchprapa, Catherine, and Wollstein, Ronit

Subjects
Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Surgery
Abstract

Background Degenerative wrist arthritis develops in specific patterns because of forces acting on existing structural configurations. The most common pattern of wrist osteoarthritis is scapholunate advanced collapse (SLAC). Other patterns include isolated scaphotrapezial trapezoid (STT) joint and isolated midcarpal or radiolunate joint arthritis. One predictor of degeneration pattern is the structure of the wrist. Questions/Purposes Our purpose was to evaluate the relationship between midcarpal joint structure and the pattern of degenerative arthritis. We hypothesized that a wrist type 2 will preferentially develop SLAC degeneration. Patients and Methods We retrospectively evaluated 195 degenerative wrist radiographs. Radiographs were reviewed for lunate/wrist type, degeneration pattern, ulnar variance, radial and volar tilt, inclination, carpal height, scapholunate angle, gap, and presence of thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) joint, STT joint, and midcarpal joint arthritis. Results We had 158 radiographs with SLAC degeneration and 37 with atypical patterns, 154 type 2 and 41 type 1 wrists. There was a significant correlation between wrist type and the pattern of wrist degeneration (p = 0.02). SLAC degeneration developed in wrists with type 2 lunate while isolated midcarpal arthritis was associated with type 1 wrist. Isolated midcarpal joint arthritis was associated with STT arthritis, p Conclusion This study found significant relationships between midcarpal joint structure and pattern of degeneration. This contributes to understanding the development of degeneration and can aid in future prevention of arthritis. Level of Evidence This is a Level IV, diagnostic study.

Published
2022
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24. Using Regionalized Air Quality Model Performance and Bayesian Maximum Entropy data fusion to map global surface ozone concentration

Author

Becker, Jacob S., primary, DeLang, Marissa N., additional, Chang, Kai-Lan, additional, Serre, Marc L., additional, Cooper, Owen R., additional, Wang, Hantao, additional, Schultz, Martin G., additional, Schröder, Sabine, additional, Lu, Xiao, additional, Zhang, Lin, additional, Deushi, Makoto, additional, Josse, Beatrice, additional, Keller, Christoph A., additional, Lamarque, Jean-François, additional, Lin, Meiyun, additional, Liu, Junhua, additional, Marécal, Virginie, additional, Strode, Sarah A., additional, Sudo, Kengo, additional, Tilmes, Simone, additional, Zhang, Li, additional, Brauer, Michael, additional, and West, J. Jason, additional

Published
2023
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29. Are Orthopedic Hand Surgeons Undercompensated for Time Spent in the Operating Room? A Study of Relative Value Units.

Author

Simcox, Trevor, Safi, Sakib, Becker, Jacob, Kreinces, Jason, and Wilson, Adam

Abstract

Background: This study aims to investigate whether compensation is equitable among the most commonly performed orthopedic hand surgeries and when compared with general orthopedic procedures. Methods: The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was queried for all orthopedic procedures, from 2016 to 2018, performed more than 150 times using Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes. Physician work relative value unit (wRVU) data were obtained from the 2020 US Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services fee schedule. Linear regressions were used to determine whether there was an association among wRVU, operative time, and wRVU per hour (wRVU/h). Reimbursement for hand surgery CPT codes was compared with that of nonhand orthopedic CPT codes. The CPT codes were stratified into quartile cohorts based on mean operative time, major complication rate, mortality rate, American Society of Anesthesiologists class, reoperation rate, and readmission rate. Student t tests were used to compare wRVU/h between cohorts. Results: Forty-two hand CPT codes were identified from 214 orthopedic CPT codes, accounting for 32 333 hand procedures. The median wRVU/h was significantly lower for procedures in the longest operative time quartile compared with the shortest operative time quartile (P <.001). Compared with hand procedures, nonhand procedures were found to have significantly higher mean operative time (P <.001), mean complication rate (P <.001), mean wRVU (P =.001), and mean wRVU/h (P =.007). Conclusions: The 2020 Physician wRVU scale does not allocate proportional wRVUs to orthopedic hand procedures with longer mean operative times. There is a decrease in mean reimbursement rate for hand procedures with longer mean operative time. When compared with general orthopedic procedures, hand procedures have a lower mean wRVU/h and complication rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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33. Using Regionalized Air Quality Model Performance and Bayesian Maximum Entropy Data Fusion to Map Global Surface Ozone Concentration and Associated Uncertainty

Author

Becker, Jacob Sugar

Abstract

We map global surface ozone by combining information from global models and station observations, annually (1990-2017) at fine spatial resolution. Previous model bias corrections were linear and homogeneous within continents. We improve on this by using the Regionalized Air Quality Model Performance (RAMP) framework to bias-correct a multi-model composite, accounting for non-linearity and non-homogeneity. We then use Bayesian Maximum Entropy (BME) to further correct the RAMP estimate by matching observations, with declining influence of observations as distance increases. Incorporating RAMP before BME has little effect on model performance near stations, but strongly increases R2 by 0.15 at locations without stations. Corrections to estimates differ based on location in space and time, confirming heterogeneity. Western US, southern Europe, central Africa, the Middle East, India, and Northern China were found to have the highest likelihood to exceed 45 and 55 ppb in 2017.

Published
2021
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34. Mapping Yearly Fine Resolution Global Surface Ozone through the Bayesian Maximum Entropy Data Fusion of Observations and Model Output for 1990–2017

Author

DeLang, Marissa N., primary, Becker, Jacob S., additional, Chang, Kai-Lan, additional, Serre, Marc L., additional, Cooper, Owen R., additional, Schultz, Martin G., additional, Schröder, Sabine, additional, Lu, Xiao, additional, Zhang, Lin, additional, Deushi, Makoto, additional, Josse, Beatrice, additional, Keller, Christoph A., additional, Lamarque, Jean-François, additional, Lin, Meiyun, additional, Liu, Junhua, additional, Marécal, Virginie, additional, Strode, Sarah A., additional, Sudo, Kengo, additional, Tilmes, Simone, additional, Zhang, Li, additional, Cleland, Stephanie E., additional, Collins, Elyssa L., additional, Brauer, Michael, additional, and West, J. Jason, additional

Published
2021
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39. Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author

Murray, Christopher J.L., Aravkin, Aleksandr Y., Zheng, Peng, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbas, Kaja M., Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdelalim, Ahmed, Abdollahi, Mohammad, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, Abegaz, Kedir Hussein, Abolhassani, Hassan, Aboyans, Victor, Abreu, Lucas Guimarães, Abrigo, Michael R.M., Abualhasan, Ahmed, Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal, Abushouk, Abdelrahman I., Adabi, Maryam, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adeoye, Abiodun Moshood, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O., Adham, Davoud, Advani, Shailesh M., Agarwal, Gina, Aghamir, Seyed Mohammad Kazem, Agrawal, Anurag, Ahmad, Tauseef, Ahmadi, Keivan, Ahmadi, Mehdi, Ahmadieh, Hamid, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Akalu, Temesgen Yihunie, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Akinyemiju, Tomi, Akombi, Blessing, Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet, Alahdab, Fares, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Samiah, Alam, Tahiya, Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour, Alanzi, Turki M., Alemu, Biresaw wassihun, Alhabib, Khalid F., Ali, Muhammad, Ali, Saqib, Alicandro, Gianfranco, Alinia, Cyrus, Alipour, Vahid, Alizade, Hesam, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Alla, François, Allebeck, Peter, Almasi-Hashiani, Amir, Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M., Alonso, Jordi, Altirkawi, Khalid A., Amini-Rarani, Mostafa, Amiri, Fatemeh, Amugsi, Dickson A., Ancuceanu, Robert, Anderlini, Deanna, Anderson, Jason A., Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Andrei, Tudorel, Angus, Colin, Anjomshoa, Mina, Ansari, Fereshteh, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, Antonazzo, Ippazio Cosimo, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T., Antony, Catherine M., Antriyandarti, Ernoiz, Anvari, Davood, Anwer, Razique, Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw, Arabloo, Jalal, Arab-Zozani, Morteza, Ariani, Filippo, Armoon, Bahram, Ärnlöv, Johan, Arzani, Afsaneh, Asadi-Aliabadi, Mehran, Asadi-Pooya, Ali A., Ashbaugh, Charlie, Assmus, Michael, Atafar, Zahra, Atnafu, Desta Debalkie, Atout, Maha Moh d.Wahbi, Ausloos, Floriane, Ausloos, Marcel, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, Ayano, Getinet, Ayanore, Martin Amogre, Azari, Samad, Azarian, Ghasem, Azene, Zelalem Nigussie, Badawi, Alaa, Badiye, Ashish D., Bahrami, Mohammad Amin, Bakhshaei, Mohammad Hossein, Bakhtiari, Ahad, Bakkannavar, Shankar M., Baldasseroni, Alberto, Ball, Kylie, Ballew, Shoshana H., Balzi, Daniela, Banach, Maciej, Banerjee, Srikanta K., Bante, Agegnehu Bante, Baraki, Adhanom Gebreegziabher, Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Barrero, Lope H., Barthelemy, Celine M., Barua, Lingkan, Basu, Sanjay, Baune, Bernhard T., Bayati, Mohsen, Becker, Jacob S., Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Béjot, Yannick, Bell, Michellr L., Bennitt, Fiona B., Bensenor, Isabela M., Berhe, Kidanemaryam, Berman, Adam E., Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth, Bhageerathy, Reshmi, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhandari, Dinesh, Bhattacharyya, Krittika, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Bijani, Ali, Bikbov, Boris, Bin Sayeed, Muhammad Shahdaat, Biondi, Antonio, Birihane, Binyam Minuye, Bisignano, Catherine, Biswas, Raaj Kishore, Bitew, Helen, Bohlouli, Somayeh, Bohluli, Mehdi, Boon-Dooley, Alexandra S., Borges, Guilherme, Borzì, Antonio Maria, Borzouei, Shiva, Bosetti, Cristina, Boufous, Soufiane, Braithwaite, Dejana, Breitborde, Nicholas J.K., Breitner, Susanne, Brenner, Hermann, Briant, Paul Svitil, Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich, Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich, Britton, Gabrielle B., Bryazka, Dana, Bumgarner, Blair R., Burkart, Katrin, Burnett, Richard Thomas, Burugina Nagaraja, Sharath, Butt, Zahid A., Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano, Cahill, Leah E., Cámera, Luis LA Alberto, Campos-Nonato, Ismael R., Cárdenas, Rosario, Carreras, Giulia, Carrero, Juan J., Carvalho, Felix, Castaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A., Castelpietra, Giulio, Castro, Franz, Causey, Kate, Cederroth, Christopher R., Cercy, Kelly M., Cerin, Ester, Chandan, Joht Singh, Chang, Kai Lan, Charlson, Fiona J., Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Chaturvedi, Sarika, Cherbuin, Nicolas, Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel, Cho, Daniel Youngwhan, Choi, Jee Young Jasmine, Christensen, Hanne, Chu, Dinh Toi, Chung, Michael T., Chung, Sheng Chia, Cicuttini, Flavia M., Ciobanu, Liliana G., Cirillo, Massimo, Classen, Thomas Khaled Dwayne, Cohen, Aaron J., Compton, Kelly, Cooper, Owen R., Costa, Vera Marisa, Cousin, Ewerton, Cowden, Richard G., Cross, Di H., Cruz, Jessica A., Dahlawi, Saad M.A., Damasceno, Albertino Antonio Moura, Damiani, Giovanni, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dangel, William James, Danielsson, Anna Karin, Dargan, Paul I., Darwesh, Aso Mohammad, Daryani, Ahmad, Das, Jai K., Das Gupta, Rajat, das Neves, José, Dávila-Cervantes, Claudio Alberto, Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil, De Leo, Diego, Degenhardt, Louisa, DeLang, Marissa, Dellavalle, Robert Paul, Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen, Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam, Demsie, Desalegn Getnet, Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar, Dervenis, Nikolaos, Dhungana, Govinda Prasad, Dianatinasab, Mostafa, Dias da Silva, Diana, Diaz, Daniel, Dibaji Forooshani, Zahra Sadat, Djalalinia, Shirin, Do, Hoa Thi, Dokova, Klara, Dorostkar, Fariba, Doshmangir, Leila, Driscoll, Tim Robert, Duncan, Bruce B., Duraes, Andre Rodrigues, Eagan, Arielle Wilder, Edvardsson, David, El Nahas, Nevine, El Sayed, Iman, El Tantawi, Maha, Elbarazi, Iffat, Elgendy, Islam Y., El-Jaafary, Shaimaa I., Elyazar, Iqbal RF, Emmons-Bell, Sophia, Erskine, Holly E., Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Esmaeilnejad, Saman, Esteghamati, Alireza, Estep, Kara, Etemadi, Arash, Etisso, Atkilt Esaiyas, Fanzo, Jessica, Farahmand, Mohammad, Fareed, Mohammad, Faridnia, Roghiyeh, Farioli, Andrea, Faro, Andre, Faruque, Mithila, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fattahi, Nazir, Fazlzadeh, Mehdi, Feigin, Valery L., Feldman, Rachel, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed Mohammad, Fernandes, Eduarda, Ferrara, Giannina, Ferrari, Alize J., Ferreira, Manuela L., Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Fisher, James L., Flor, Luisa Sorio, Foigt, Nataliya A., Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin, Fomenkov, Artem Alekseevich, Force, Lisa M., Foroutan, Masoud, Franklin, Richard Charles, Freitas, Marisa, Fu, Weijia, Fukumoto, Takeshi, Furtado, João M., Gad, Mohamed M., Gakidou, Emmanuela, Gallus, Silvano, Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L., Gardner, William M., Geberemariyam, Biniyam Sahiledengle, Gebreslassie, Assefa Ayalew Ayalew Ayalew, Geremew, Abraham, Gershberg Hayoon, Anna, Gething, Peter W., Ghadimi, Maryam, Ghadiri, Keyghobad, Ghaffarifar, Fatemeh, Ghafourifard, Mansour, Ghamari, Farhad, Ghashghaee, Ahmad, Ghiasvand, Hesam, Ghith, Nermin, Gholamian, Asadollah, Ghosh, Rakesh, Gill, Paramjit Singh, Ginindza, Themba G.G., Giussani, Giorgia, Gnedovskaya, Elena V., Goharinezhad, Salime, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Gorini, Giuseppe, Goudarzi, Houman, Goulart, Alessandra C., Greaves, Felix, Grivna, Michal, Grosso, Giuseppe, Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen, Gugnani, Harish Chander, Guimarães, Rafael Alves, Guled, Rashid Abdi, Guo, Gaorui, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Tarun, Haddock, Beatrix, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Hafiz, Abdul, Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin, Haj-Mirzaian, Arya, Hall, Brian J., Halvaei, Iman, Hamadeh, Randah R., Hamidi, Samer, Hammer, Melanie S., Hankey, Graeme J., Haririan, Hamidreza, Haro, Josep Maria, Hasaballah, Ahmed I., Hasan, Md Mehedi, Hasanpoor, Edris, Hashi, Abdiwahab, Hassanipour, Soheil, Hassankhani, Hadi, Havmoeller, Rasmus J., Hay, Simon I., Hayat, Khezar, Heidari, Golnaz, Heidari-Soureshjani, Reza, Henrikson, Hannah J., Herbert, Molly E., Herteliu, Claudiu, Heydarpour, Fatemeh, Hird, Thomas R., Hoek, Hans W., Holla, Ramesh, Hoogar, Praveen, Hosgood, H. Dean, Hossain, Naznin, Hosseini, Mostafa, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Hostiuc, Sorin, Househ, Mowafa, Hsairi, Mohamed, Hsieh, Vivian Chia rong, Hu, Guoqing, Hu, Kejia, Huda, Tanvir M., Humayun, Ayesha, Huynh, Chantal K., Hwang, Bing Fang, Iannucci, Vincent C., Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel, Ikeda, Nayu, Ikuta, Kevin S., Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Ilic, Irena M., Ilic, Milena D., Inbaraj, Leeberk Raja, Ippolito, Helen, Iqbal, Usman, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Irvine, Caleb Mackay Salpeter, Islam, M. Mofizul, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Iso, Hiroyasu, Ivers, Rebecca Q., Iwu, Chidozie C.D., Iwu, Chinwe Juliana, Iyamu, Ihoghosa Osamuyi, Jaafari, Jalil, Jacobsen, Kathryn H., Jafari, Hussain, Jafarinia, Morteza, Jahani, Mohammad Ali, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, Jalilian, Farzad, James, Spencer L., Janjani, Hosna, Javaheri, Tahereh, Javidnia, Javad, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jenabi, Ensiyeh, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jha, Vivekanand, Ji, John S., Johansson, Lars, John, Oommen, John-Akinola, Yetunde O., Johnson, Catherine Owens, Jonas, Jost B., Joukar, Farahnaz, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Jürisson, Mikk, Kabir, Ali, Kabir, Zubair, Kalani, Hamed, Kalani, Rizwan, Kalankesh, Leila R., Kalhor, Rohollah, Kanchan, Tanuj, Kapoor, Neeti, Karami Matin, Behzad, Karch, André, Karim, Mohd Anisul, Kassa, Getachew Mullu, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, Kayode, Gbenga A., Kazemi Karyani, Ali, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Keller, Cathleen, Kemmer, Laura, Kendrick, Parkes J., Khalid, Nauman, Khammarnia, Mohammad, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Maseer, Khatab, Khaled, Khater, Mona M., Khatib, Mahalaqua Nazli, Khayamzadeh, Maryam, Khazaei, Salman, Kieling, Christian, Kim, Yun Jin, Kimokoti, Ruth W., Kisa, Adnan, Kisa, Sezer, Kivimäki, Mika, Knibbs, Luke D., Knudsen, Ann Kristin Skrindo, Kocarnik, Jonathan M., Kochhar, Sonali, Kopec, Jacek A., Korshunov, Vladimir Andreevich, Koul, Parvaiz A., Koyanagi, Ai, Kraemer, Moritz U.G., Krishan, Kewal, Krohn, Kris J., Kromhout, Hans, Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, Kumar, G. Anil, Kumar, Vivek, Kurmi, Om P., Kusuma, Dian, La Vecchia, Carlo, Lacey, Ben, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lallukka, Tea, Lami, Faris Hasan, Landires, Iván, Lang, Justin J., Langan, Sinéad M., Larsson, Anders O., Lasrado, Savita, Lauriola, Paolo, Lazarus, Jeffrey V., Lee, Paul H., Lee, Shaun Wen Huey, LeGrand, Kate E., Leigh, James, Leonardi, Matilde, Lescinsky, Haley, Leung, Janni, Levi, Miriam, Li, Shanshan, Lim, Lee Ling, Linn, Shai, Liu, Shiwei, Liu, Simin, Liu, Yang, Lo, Justin, Lopez, Alan D., Lopez, Jaifred Christian F., Lopukhov, Platon D., Lorkowski, Stefan, Lotufo, Paulo A., Lu, Alton, Lugo, Alessandra, Maddison, Emilie R., Mahasha, Phetole Walter, Mahdavi, Mokhtar Mahdavi, Mahmoudi, Morteza, Majeed, Azeem, Maleki, Afshin, Maleki, Shokofeh, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mamun, Abdullah A., Manda, Ana Laura, Manguerra, Helena, Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz, Mansouri, Borhan, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Mantilla Herrera, Ana M., Maravilla, Joemer C., Marks, Ashley, Martin, Randall V., Martini, Santi, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, Masaka, Anthony, Masoumi, Seyedeh Zahra, Mathur, Manu Raj, Matsushita, Kunihiro, Maulik, Pallab K., McAlinden, Colm, McGrath, John J., McKee, Martin, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Mehri, Fereshteh, Mehta, Kala M., Memish, Ziad A., Mendoza, Walter, Menezes, Ritesh G., Mengesha, Endalkachew Worku, Mereke, Alibek, Mereta, Seid Tiku, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J., Mestrovic, Tomislav, Miazgowski, Bartosz, Miazgowski, Tomasz, Michalek, Irmina Maria, Miller, Ted R., Mills, Edward J., Mini, G. 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Dean, Hossain, Naznin, Hosseini, Mostafa, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Hostiuc, Sorin, Househ, Mowafa, Hsairi, Mohamed, Hsieh, Vivian Chia rong, Hu, Guoqing, Hu, Kejia, Huda, Tanvir M., Humayun, Ayesha, Huynh, Chantal K., Hwang, Bing Fang, Iannucci, Vincent C., Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel, Ikeda, Nayu, Ikuta, Kevin S., Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Ilic, Irena M., Ilic, Milena D., Inbaraj, Leeberk Raja, Ippolito, Helen, Iqbal, Usman, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Irvine, Caleb Mackay Salpeter, Islam, M. Mofizul, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Iso, Hiroyasu, Ivers, Rebecca Q., Iwu, Chidozie C.D., Iwu, Chinwe Juliana, Iyamu, Ihoghosa Osamuyi, Jaafari, Jalil, Jacobsen, Kathryn H., Jafari, Hussain, Jafarinia, Morteza, Jahani, Mohammad Ali, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, Jalilian, Farzad, James, Spencer L., Janjani, Hosna, Javaheri, Tahereh, Javidnia, Javad, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jenabi, Ensiyeh, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jha, Vivekanand, Ji, John S., Johansson, Lars, John, Oommen, John-Akinola, Yetunde O., Johnson, Catherine Owens, Jonas, Jost B., Joukar, Farahnaz, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Jürisson, Mikk, Kabir, Ali, Kabir, Zubair, Kalani, Hamed, Kalani, Rizwan, Kalankesh, Leila R., Kalhor, Rohollah, Kanchan, Tanuj, Kapoor, Neeti, Karami Matin, Behzad, Karch, André, Karim, Mohd Anisul, Kassa, Getachew Mullu, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, Kayode, Gbenga A., Kazemi Karyani, Ali, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Keller, Cathleen, Kemmer, Laura, Kendrick, Parkes J., Khalid, Nauman, Khammarnia, Mohammad, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Maseer, Khatab, Khaled, Khater, Mona M., Khatib, Mahalaqua Nazli, Khayamzadeh, Maryam, Khazaei, Salman, Kieling, Christian, Kim, Yun Jin, Kimokoti, Ruth W., Kisa, Adnan, Kisa, Sezer, Kivimäki, Mika, Knibbs, Luke D., Knudsen, Ann Kristin Skrindo, Kocarnik, Jonathan M., Kochhar, Sonali, Kopec, Jacek A., Korshunov, Vladimir Andreevich, Koul, Parvaiz A., Koyanagi, Ai, Kraemer, Moritz U.G., Krishan, Kewal, Krohn, Kris J., Kromhout, Hans, Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, Kumar, G. Anil, Kumar, Vivek, Kurmi, Om P., Kusuma, Dian, La Vecchia, Carlo, Lacey, Ben, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lallukka, Tea, Lami, Faris Hasan, Landires, Iván, Lang, Justin J., Langan, Sinéad M., Larsson, Anders O., Lasrado, Savita, Lauriola, Paolo, Lazarus, Jeffrey V., Lee, Paul H., Lee, Shaun Wen Huey, LeGrand, Kate E., Leigh, James, Leonardi, Matilde, Lescinsky, Haley, Leung, Janni, Levi, Miriam, Li, Shanshan, Lim, Lee Ling, Linn, Shai, Liu, Shiwei, Liu, Simin, Liu, Yang, Lo, Justin, Lopez, Alan D., Lopez, Jaifred Christian F., Lopukhov, Platon D., Lorkowski, Stefan, Lotufo, Paulo A., Lu, Alton, Lugo, Alessandra, Maddison, Emilie R., Mahasha, Phetole Walter, Mahdavi, Mokhtar Mahdavi, Mahmoudi, Morteza, Majeed, Azeem, Maleki, Afshin, Maleki, Shokofeh, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mamun, Abdullah A., Manda, Ana Laura, Manguerra, Helena, Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz, Mansouri, Borhan, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Mantilla Herrera, Ana M., Maravilla, Joemer C., Marks, Ashley, Martin, Randall V., Martini, Santi, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, Masaka, Anthony, Masoumi, Seyedeh Zahra, Mathur, Manu Raj, Matsushita, Kunihiro, Maulik, Pallab K., McAlinden, Colm, McGrath, John J., McKee, Martin, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Mehri, Fereshteh, Mehta, Kala M., Memish, Ziad A., Mendoza, Walter, Menezes, Ritesh G., Mengesha, Endalkachew Worku, Mereke, Alibek, Mereta, Seid Tiku, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J., Mestrovic, Tomislav, Miazgowski, Bartosz, Miazgowski, Tomasz, Michalek, Irmina Maria, Miller, Ted R., Mills, Edward J., Mini, G. K., Miri, Mohammad, Mirica, Andreea, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M., Mirzaei, Hamed, Mirzaei, Maryam, Mirzaei, Roya, Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Mehdi, Misganaw, Awoke Temesgen, Mithra, Prasanna, Moazen, Babak, Mohammad, Dara K., Mohammad, Yousef, Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Naser, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah, Mohammadifard, Noushin, Mohammadpourhodki, Reza, Mohammed, Ammas Siraj, Mohammed, Hussen, Mohammed, Jemal Abdu, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mokdad, Ali H., Molokhia, Mariam, Monasta, Lorenzo, Mooney, Meghan D., Moradi, Ghobad, Moradi, Masoud, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah, Moraga, Paula, Morawska, Lidia, Morgado-da-Costa, Joana, Morrison, Shane Douglas, Mosapour, Abbas, Mosser, Jonathan F., Mouodi, Simin, Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, Mousavi Khaneghah, Amin, Mueller, Ulrich Otto, Mukhopadhyay, Satinath, Mullany, Erin C., Musa, Kamarul Imran, Muthupandian, Saravanan, Nabhan, Ashraf F., Naderi, Mehdi, Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman, Nagel, Gabriele, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naghshtabrizi, Behshad, Naimzada, Mukhammad David, Najafi, Farid, Nangia, Vinay, Nansseu, Jobert Richie, Naserbakht, Morteza, Nayak, Vinod C., Negoi, Ionut, Ngunjiri, Josephine W., Nguyen, Cuong Tat, Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi, Nguyen, Minh, Nigatu, Yeshambel T., Nikbakhsh, Rajan, Nixon, Molly R., Nnaji, Chukwudi A., Nomura, Shuhei, Norrving, Bo, Noubiap, Jean Jacques, Nowak, Christoph, Nunez-Samudio, Virginia, Oţoiu, Adrian, Oancea, Bogdan, Odell, Christopher M., Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In Hwan, Okunga, Emmanuel Wandera, Oladnabi, Morteza, Olagunju, Andrew T., Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Omer, Muktar Omer, Ong, Kanyin L., Onwujekwe, Obinna E., Orpana, Heather M., Ortiz, Alberto, Osarenotor, Osayomwanbo, Osei, Frank B., Ostroff, Samuel M., Otstavnov, Nikita, Otstavnov, Stanislav S., Øverland, Simon, Owolabi, Mayowa O., P A, Mahesh, Padubidri, Jagadish Rao, Palladino, Raffaele, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Pandey, Anamika, Parry, Charles D.H., Pasovic, Maja, Pasupula, Deepak Kumar, Patel, Sangram Kishor, Pathak, Mona, Patten, Scott B., Patton, George C., Pazoki Toroudi, Hamidreza, Peden, Amy E., Pennini, Alyssa, Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino, Peprah, Emmanuel K., Pereira, David M., Pesudovs, Konrad, Pham, Hai Quang, Phillips, Michael R., Piccinelli, Cristiano, Pilz, Tessa M., Piradov, Michael A., Pirsaheb, Meghdad, Plass, Dietrich, Polinder, Suzanne, Polkinghorne, Kevan R., Pond, Constance Dimity, Postma, Maarten J., Pourjafar, Hadi, Pourmalek, Farshad, Poznańska, Anna, Prada, Sergio I., Prakash, V., Pribadi, Dimas Ria Angga, Pupillo, Elisabetta, Quazi Syed, Zahiruddin, Rabiee, Mohammad, Rabiee, Navid, Radfar, Amir, Rafiee, Ata, Raggi, Alberto, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rajabpour-Sanati, Ali, Rajati, Fatemeh, Rakovac, Ivo, Ram, Pradhum, Ramezanzadeh, Kiana, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Rao, Puja C., Rao, Sowmya J., Rashedi, Vahid, Rathi, Priya, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawaf, Salman, Rawal, Lal, Rawassizadeh, Reza, Rawat, Ramu, Razo, Christian, Redford, Sofia Boston, Reiner, Robert C., Reitsma, Marissa Bettay, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Renjith, Vishnu, Renzaho, Andre M.N., Resnikoff, Serge, Rezaei, Negar, Rezaei, Nima, Rezapour, Aziz, Rhinehart, Phoebe Anne, Riahi, Seyed Mohammad, Ribeiro, Daniel Cury, Ribeiro, Daniela, Rickard, Jennifer, Rivera, Juan A., Roberts, Nicholas L.S., Rodríguez-Ramírez, Sonia, Roever, Leonardo, Ronfani, Luca, Room, Robin, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Roth, Gregory A., Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Rubagotti, Enrico, Rwegerera, Godfrey M., Sabour, Siamak, Sachdev, Perminder S., Saddik, Basema, Sadeghi, Ehsan, Sadeghi, Masoumeh, Saeedi, Reza, Saeedi Moghaddam, Sahar, Safari, Yahya, Safi, Sare, Safiri, Saeid, Sagar, Rajesh, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sajadi, S. Mohammad, Salam, Nasir, Salamati, Payman, Salem, Hosni, Salem, Marwa R.Rashad, Salimzadeh, Hamideh, Salman, Omar Mukhtar, Salomon, Joshua A., Samad, Zainab, Samadi Kafil, Hossein, Sambala, Evanson Zondani, Samy, Abdallah M., Sanabria, Juan, Sánchez-Pimienta, Tania G., Santomauro, Damian Francesco, Santos, Itamar S., Santos, João Vasco, Santric-Milicevic, Milena M., Saraswathy, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer, Sarmiento-Suárez, Rodrigo, Sarrafzadegan, Nizal, Sartorius, Benn, Sarveazad, Arash, Sathian, Brijesh, Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu, Sattin, Davide, Saxena, Sonia, Schaeffer, Lauren E., Schiavolin, Silvia, Schlaich, Markus P., Schmidt, Maria Inês, Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth, Schwebel, David C., Schwendicke, Falk, Senbeta, Anbissa Muleta, Senthilkumaran, Subramanian, Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Serdar, Berrin, Serre, Marc L., Shadid, Jamileh, Shafaat, Omid, Shahabi, Saeed, Shaheen, Amira A., Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shalash, Ali S., Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran, Shamsizadeh, Morteza, Sharafi, Kiomars, Sheikh, Aziz, Sheikhtaheri, Abbas, Shibuya, Kenji, Shield, Kevin David, Shigematsu, Mika, Shin, Jae Il, Shin, Min Jeong, Shiri, Rahman, Shirkoohi, Reza, Shuval, Kerem, Siabani, Soraya, Sierpinski, Radoslaw, Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Sigurvinsdottir, Rannveig, Silva, João Pedro, Simpson, Kyle E., Singh, Jasvinder A., Singh, Pushpendra, Skiadaresi, Eirini, Skou, Søren T.Skou, Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich, Smith, Emma U.R., Soheili, Amin, Soltani, Shahin, Soofi, Moslem, Sorensen, Reed J.D., Soriano, Joan B., Sorrie, Muluken Bekele, Soshnikov, Sergey, Soyiri, Ireneous N., Spencer, Cory N., Spotin, Adel, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T., Srinivasan, Vinay, Stanaway, Jeffrey D., Stein, Caroline, Stein, Dan J., Steiner, Caitlyn, Stockfelt, Leo, Stokes, Mark A., Straif, Kurt, Stubbs, Jacob L., Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale, Suleria, Hafiz Ansar Rasul, Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Rizwan, Sulo, Gerhard, Sultan, Iyad, Szumowski, Łukasz, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tabb, Karen M., Tabuchi, Takahiro, Taherkhani, Amir, Tajdini, Masih, Takahashi, Ken, Takala, Jukka S., Tamiru, Animut Tagele, Taveira, Nuno, Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash, Temsah, Mohamad Hani, Tesema, Getayeneh Antehunegn, Tessema, Zemenu Tadesse, Thurston, George D., Titova, Mariya Vladimirovna, Tohidinik, Hamid Reza, Tonelli, Marcello, Topor-Madry, Roman, Topouzis, Fotis, Torre, Anna E., Touvier, Mathilde, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto Roberto, Tran, Bach Xuan, Travillian, Ravensara, Tsatsakis, Aristidis, Tudor Car, Lorainne, Tyrovolas, Stefanos, Uddin, Riaz, Umeokonkwo, Chukwuma David, Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran, Upadhyay, Era, Vacante, Marco, Valdez, Pascual R., van Donkelaar, Aaron, Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, Vasseghian, Yasser, Veisani, Yousef, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Violante, Francesco S., Vlassov, Vasily, Vollset, Stein Emil, Vos, Theo, Vukovic, Rade, Waheed, Yasir, Wallin, Mitchell Taylor, Wang, Yafeng, Wang, Yuan Pang, Watson, Alexandrea, Wei, Jingkai, Wei, Melissa Y.Wei, Weintraub, Robert G., Weiss, Jordan, Werdecker, Andrea, West, J. 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Abstract

Background: Rigorous analysis of levels and trends in exposure to leading risk factors and quantification of their effect on human health are important to identify where public health is making progress and in which cases current efforts are inadequate. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 provides a standardised and comprehensive assessment of the magnitude of risk factor exposure, relative risk, and attributable burden of disease. Methods: GBD 2019 estimated attributable mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years of life lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 87 risk factors and combinations of risk factors, at the global level, regionally, and for 204 countries and territories. GBD uses a hierarchical list of risk factors so that specific risk factors (eg, sodium intake), and related aggregates (eg, diet quality), are both evaluated. This method has six analytical steps. (1) We included 560 risk–outcome pairs that met criteria for convincing or probable evidence on the basis of research studies. 12 risk–outcome pairs included in GBD 2017 no longer met inclusion criteria and 47 risk–outcome pairs for risks already included in GBD 2017 were added based on new evidence. (2) Relative risks were estimated as a function of exposure based on published systematic reviews, 81 systematic reviews done for GBD 2019, and meta-regression. (3) Levels of exposure in each age-sex-location-year included in the study were estimated based on all available data sources using spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression, DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression method, or alternative methods. (4) We determined, from published trials or cohort studies, the level of exposure associated with minimum risk, called the theoretical minimum risk exposure level. (5) Attributable deaths, YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs were computed by multiplying population attributable fractions (PAFs) by the relevant outcome quantity for each

Published
2020

40. Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author

Sub Foundations&PhilosophyofNaturSc begr, IRAS OH Epidemiology Chemical Agents, dIRAS RA-2, Murray, Christopher J.L., Aravkin, Aleksandr Y., Zheng, Peng, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbas, Kaja M., Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdelalim, Ahmed, Abdollahi, Mohammad, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, Abegaz, Kedir Hussein, Abolhassani, Hassan, Aboyans, Victor, Abreu, Lucas Guimarães, Abrigo, Michael R.M., Abualhasan, Ahmed, Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal, Abushouk, Abdelrahman I., Adabi, Maryam, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adeoye, Abiodun Moshood, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O., Adham, Davoud, Advani, Shailesh M., Agarwal, Gina, Aghamir, Seyed Mohammad Kazem, Agrawal, Anurag, Ahmad, Tauseef, Ahmadi, Keivan, Ahmadi, Mehdi, Ahmadieh, Hamid, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Akalu, Temesgen Yihunie, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Akinyemiju, Tomi, Akombi, Blessing, Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet, Alahdab, Fares, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Samiah, Alam, Tahiya, Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour, Alanzi, Turki M., Alemu, Biresaw wassihun, Alhabib, Khalid F., Ali, Muhammad, Ali, Saqib, Alicandro, Gianfranco, Alinia, Cyrus, Alipour, Vahid, Alizade, Hesam, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Alla, François, Allebeck, Peter, Almasi-Hashiani, Amir, Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M., Alonso, Jordi, Altirkawi, Khalid A., Amini-Rarani, Mostafa, Amiri, Fatemeh, Amugsi, Dickson A., Ancuceanu, Robert, Anderlini, Deanna, Anderson, Jason A., Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Andrei, Tudorel, Angus, Colin, Anjomshoa, Mina, Ansari, Fereshteh, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, Antonazzo, Ippazio Cosimo, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T., Antony, Catherine M., Antriyandarti, Ernoiz, Anvari, Davood, Anwer, Razique, Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw, Arabloo, Jalal, Arab-Zozani, Morteza, Ariani, Filippo, Armoon, Bahram, Ärnlöv, Johan, Arzani, Afsaneh, Asadi-Aliabadi, Mehran, Asadi-Pooya, Ali A., Ashbaugh, Charlie, Assmus, Michael, Atafar, Zahra, Atnafu, Desta Debalkie, Atout, Maha Moh d.Wahbi, Ausloos, Floriane, Ausloos, Marcel, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, Ayano, Getinet, Ayanore, Martin Amogre, Azari, Samad, Azarian, Ghasem, Azene, Zelalem Nigussie, Badawi, Alaa, Badiye, Ashish D., Bahrami, Mohammad Amin, Bakhshaei, Mohammad Hossein, Bakhtiari, Ahad, Bakkannavar, Shankar M., Baldasseroni, Alberto, Ball, Kylie, Ballew, Shoshana H., Balzi, Daniela, Banach, Maciej, Banerjee, Srikanta K., Bante, Agegnehu Bante, Baraki, Adhanom Gebreegziabher, Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Barrero, Lope H., Barthelemy, Celine M., Barua, Lingkan, Basu, Sanjay, Baune, Bernhard T., Bayati, Mohsen, Becker, Jacob S., Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Béjot, Yannick, Bell, Michellr L., Bennitt, Fiona B., Bensenor, Isabela M., Berhe, Kidanemaryam, Berman, Adam E., Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth, Bhageerathy, Reshmi, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhandari, Dinesh, Bhattacharyya, Krittika, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Bijani, Ali, Bikbov, Boris, Bin Sayeed, Muhammad Shahdaat, Biondi, Antonio, Birihane, Binyam Minuye, Bisignano, Catherine, Biswas, Raaj Kishore, Bitew, Helen, Bohlouli, Somayeh, Bohluli, Mehdi, Boon-Dooley, Alexandra S., Borges, Guilherme, Borzì, Antonio Maria, Borzouei, Shiva, Bosetti, Cristina, Boufous, Soufiane, Braithwaite, Dejana, Breitborde, Nicholas J.K., Breitner, Susanne, Brenner, Hermann, Briant, Paul Svitil, Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich, Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich, Britton, Gabrielle B., Bryazka, Dana, Bumgarner, Blair R., Burkart, Katrin, Burnett, Richard Thomas, Burugina Nagaraja, Sharath, Butt, Zahid A., Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano, Cahill, Leah E., Cámera, Luis LA Alberto, Campos-Nonato, Ismael R., Cárdenas, Rosario, Carreras, Giulia, Carrero, Juan J., Carvalho, Felix, Castaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A., Castelpietra, Giulio, Castro, Franz, Causey, Kate, Cederroth, Christopher R., Cercy, Kelly M., Cerin, Ester, Chandan, Joht Singh, Chang, Kai Lan, Charlson, Fiona J., Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Chaturvedi, Sarika, Cherbuin, Nicolas, Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel, Cho, Daniel Youngwhan, Choi, Jee Young Jasmine, Christensen, Hanne, Chu, Dinh Toi, Chung, Michael T., Chung, Sheng Chia, Cicuttini, Flavia M., Ciobanu, Liliana G., Cirillo, Massimo, Classen, Thomas Khaled Dwayne, Cohen, Aaron J., Compton, Kelly, Cooper, Owen R., Costa, Vera Marisa, Cousin, Ewerton, Cowden, Richard G., Cross, Di H., Cruz, Jessica A., Dahlawi, Saad M.A., Damasceno, Albertino Antonio Moura, Damiani, Giovanni, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dangel, William James, Danielsson, Anna Karin, Dargan, Paul I., Darwesh, Aso Mohammad, Daryani, Ahmad, Das, Jai K., Das Gupta, Rajat, das Neves, José, Dávila-Cervantes, Claudio Alberto, Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil, De Leo, Diego, Degenhardt, Louisa, DeLang, Marissa, Dellavalle, Robert Paul, Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen, Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam, Demsie, Desalegn Getnet, Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar, Dervenis, Nikolaos, Dhungana, Govinda Prasad, Dianatinasab, Mostafa, Dias da Silva, Diana, Diaz, Daniel, Dibaji Forooshani, Zahra Sadat, Djalalinia, Shirin, Do, Hoa Thi, Dokova, Klara, Dorostkar, Fariba, Doshmangir, Leila, Driscoll, Tim Robert, Duncan, Bruce B., Duraes, Andre Rodrigues, Eagan, Arielle Wilder, Edvardsson, David, El Nahas, Nevine, El Sayed, Iman, El Tantawi, Maha, Elbarazi, Iffat, Elgendy, Islam Y., El-Jaafary, Shaimaa I., Elyazar, Iqbal RF, Emmons-Bell, Sophia, Erskine, Holly E., Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Esmaeilnejad, Saman, Esteghamati, Alireza, Estep, Kara, Etemadi, Arash, Etisso, Atkilt Esaiyas, Fanzo, Jessica, Farahmand, Mohammad, Fareed, Mohammad, Faridnia, Roghiyeh, Farioli, Andrea, Faro, Andre, Faruque, Mithila, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fattahi, Nazir, Fazlzadeh, Mehdi, Feigin, Valery L., Feldman, Rachel, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed Mohammad, Fernandes, Eduarda, Ferrara, Giannina, Ferrari, Alize J., Ferreira, Manuela L., Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Fisher, James L., Flor, Luisa Sorio, Foigt, Nataliya A., Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin, Fomenkov, Artem Alekseevich, Force, Lisa M., Foroutan, Masoud, Franklin, Richard Charles, Freitas, Marisa, Fu, Weijia, Fukumoto, Takeshi, Furtado, João M., Gad, Mohamed M., Gakidou, Emmanuela, Gallus, Silvano, Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L., Gardner, William M., Geberemariyam, Biniyam Sahiledengle, Gebreslassie, Assefa Ayalew Ayalew Ayalew, Geremew, Abraham, Gershberg Hayoon, Anna, Gething, Peter W., Ghadimi, Maryam, Ghadiri, Keyghobad, Ghaffarifar, Fatemeh, Ghafourifard, Mansour, Ghamari, Farhad, Ghashghaee, Ahmad, Ghiasvand, Hesam, Ghith, Nermin, Gholamian, Asadollah, Ghosh, Rakesh, Gill, Paramjit Singh, Ginindza, Themba G.G., Giussani, Giorgia, Gnedovskaya, Elena V., Goharinezhad, Salime, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Gorini, Giuseppe, Goudarzi, Houman, Goulart, Alessandra C., Greaves, Felix, Grivna, Michal, Grosso, Giuseppe, Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen, Gugnani, Harish Chander, Guimarães, Rafael Alves, Guled, Rashid Abdi, Guo, Gaorui, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Tarun, Haddock, Beatrix, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Hafiz, Abdul, Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin, Haj-Mirzaian, Arya, Hall, Brian J., Halvaei, Iman, Hamadeh, Randah R., Hamidi, Samer, Hammer, Melanie S., Hankey, Graeme J., Haririan, Hamidreza, Haro, Josep Maria, Hasaballah, Ahmed I., Hasan, Md Mehedi, Hasanpoor, Edris, Hashi, Abdiwahab, Hassanipour, Soheil, Hassankhani, Hadi, Havmoeller, Rasmus J., Hay, Simon I., Hayat, Khezar, Heidari, Golnaz, Heidari-Soureshjani, Reza, Henrikson, Hannah J., Herbert, Molly E., Herteliu, Claudiu, Heydarpour, Fatemeh, Hird, Thomas R., Hoek, Hans W., Holla, Ramesh, Hoogar, Praveen, Hosgood, H. Dean, Hossain, Naznin, Hosseini, Mostafa, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Hostiuc, Sorin, Househ, Mowafa, Hsairi, Mohamed, Hsieh, Vivian Chia rong, Hu, Guoqing, Hu, Kejia, Huda, Tanvir M., Humayun, Ayesha, Huynh, Chantal K., Hwang, Bing Fang, Iannucci, Vincent C., Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel, Ikeda, Nayu, Ikuta, Kevin S., Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Ilic, Irena M., Ilic, Milena D., Inbaraj, Leeberk Raja, Ippolito, Helen, Iqbal, Usman, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Irvine, Caleb Mackay Salpeter, Islam, M. 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I., Hasan, Md Mehedi, Hasanpoor, Edris, Hashi, Abdiwahab, Hassanipour, Soheil, Hassankhani, Hadi, Havmoeller, Rasmus J., Hay, Simon I., Hayat, Khezar, Heidari, Golnaz, Heidari-Soureshjani, Reza, Henrikson, Hannah J., Herbert, Molly E., Herteliu, Claudiu, Heydarpour, Fatemeh, Hird, Thomas R., Hoek, Hans W., Holla, Ramesh, Hoogar, Praveen, Hosgood, H. Dean, Hossain, Naznin, Hosseini, Mostafa, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Hostiuc, Sorin, Househ, Mowafa, Hsairi, Mohamed, Hsieh, Vivian Chia rong, Hu, Guoqing, Hu, Kejia, Huda, Tanvir M., Humayun, Ayesha, Huynh, Chantal K., Hwang, Bing Fang, Iannucci, Vincent C., Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel, Ikeda, Nayu, Ikuta, Kevin S., Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Ilic, Irena M., Ilic, Milena D., Inbaraj, Leeberk Raja, Ippolito, Helen, Iqbal, Usman, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Irvine, Caleb Mackay Salpeter, Islam, M. Mofizul, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Iso, Hiroyasu, Ivers, Rebecca Q., Iwu, Chidozie C.D., Iwu, Chinwe Juliana, Iyamu, Ihoghosa Osamuyi, Jaafari, Jalil, Jacobsen, Kathryn H., Jafari, Hussain, Jafarinia, Morteza, Jahani, Mohammad Ali, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, Jalilian, Farzad, James, Spencer L., Janjani, Hosna, Javaheri, Tahereh, Javidnia, Javad, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jenabi, Ensiyeh, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jha, Vivekanand, Ji, John S., Johansson, Lars, John, Oommen, John-Akinola, Yetunde O., Johnson, Catherine Owens, Jonas, Jost B., Joukar, Farahnaz, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Jürisson, Mikk, Kabir, Ali, Kabir, Zubair, Kalani, Hamed, Kalani, Rizwan, Kalankesh, Leila R., Kalhor, Rohollah, Kanchan, Tanuj, Kapoor, Neeti, Karami Matin, Behzad, Karch, André, Karim, Mohd Anisul, Kassa, Getachew Mullu, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, Kayode, Gbenga A., Kazemi Karyani, Ali, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Keller, Cathleen, Kemmer, Laura, Kendrick, Parkes J., Khalid, Nauman, Khammarnia, Mohammad, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Maseer, Khatab, Khaled, Khater, Mona M., Khatib, Mahalaqua Nazli, Khayamzadeh, Maryam, Khazaei, Salman, Kieling, Christian, Kim, Yun Jin, Kimokoti, Ruth W., Kisa, Adnan, Kisa, Sezer, Kivimäki, Mika, Knibbs, Luke D., Knudsen, Ann Kristin Skrindo, Kocarnik, Jonathan M., Kochhar, Sonali, Kopec, Jacek A., Korshunov, Vladimir Andreevich, Koul, Parvaiz A., Koyanagi, Ai, Kraemer, Moritz U.G., Krishan, Kewal, Krohn, Kris J., Kromhout, Hans, Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, Kumar, G. Anil, Kumar, Vivek, Kurmi, Om P., Kusuma, Dian, La Vecchia, Carlo, Lacey, Ben, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lallukka, Tea, Lami, Faris Hasan, Landires, Iván, Lang, Justin J., Langan, Sinéad M., Larsson, Anders O., Lasrado, Savita, Lauriola, Paolo, Lazarus, Jeffrey V., Lee, Paul H., Lee, Shaun Wen Huey, LeGrand, Kate E., Leigh, James, Leonardi, Matilde, Lescinsky, Haley, Leung, Janni, Levi, Miriam, Li, Shanshan, Lim, Lee Ling, Linn, Shai, Liu, Shiwei, Liu, Simin, Liu, Yang, Lo, Justin, Lopez, Alan D., Lopez, Jaifred Christian F., Lopukhov, Platon D., Lorkowski, Stefan, Lotufo, Paulo A., Lu, Alton, Lugo, Alessandra, Maddison, Emilie R., Mahasha, Phetole Walter, Mahdavi, Mokhtar Mahdavi, Mahmoudi, Morteza, Majeed, Azeem, Maleki, Afshin, Maleki, Shokofeh, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mamun, Abdullah A., Manda, Ana Laura, Manguerra, Helena, Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz, Mansouri, Borhan, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Mantilla Herrera, Ana M., Maravilla, Joemer C., Marks, Ashley, Martin, Randall V., Martini, Santi, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, Masaka, Anthony, Masoumi, Seyedeh Zahra, Mathur, Manu Raj, Matsushita, Kunihiro, Maulik, Pallab K., McAlinden, Colm, McGrath, John J., McKee, Martin, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Mehri, Fereshteh, Mehta, Kala M., Memish, Ziad A., Mendoza, Walter, Menezes, Ritesh G., Mengesha, Endalkachew Worku, Mereke, Alibek, Mereta, Seid Tiku, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J., Mestrovic, Tomislav, Miazgowski, Bartosz, Miazgowski, Tomasz, Michalek, Irmina Maria, Miller, Ted R., Mills, Edward J., Mini, G. K., Miri, Mohammad, Mirica, Andreea, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M., Mirzaei, Hamed, Mirzaei, Maryam, Mirzaei, Roya, Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Mehdi, Misganaw, Awoke Temesgen, Mithra, Prasanna, Moazen, Babak, Mohammad, Dara K., Mohammad, Yousef, Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Naser, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah, Mohammadifard, Noushin, Mohammadpourhodki, Reza, Mohammed, Ammas Siraj, Mohammed, Hussen, Mohammed, Jemal Abdu, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mokdad, Ali H., Molokhia, Mariam, Monasta, Lorenzo, Mooney, Meghan D., Moradi, Ghobad, Moradi, Masoud, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah, Moraga, Paula, Morawska, Lidia, Morgado-da-Costa, Joana, Morrison, Shane Douglas, Mosapour, Abbas, Mosser, Jonathan F., Mouodi, Simin, Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, Mousavi Khaneghah, Amin, Mueller, Ulrich Otto, Mukhopadhyay, Satinath, Mullany, Erin C., Musa, Kamarul Imran, Muthupandian, Saravanan, Nabhan, Ashraf F., Naderi, Mehdi, Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman, Nagel, Gabriele, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naghshtabrizi, Behshad, Naimzada, Mukhammad David, Najafi, Farid, Nangia, Vinay, Nansseu, Jobert Richie, Naserbakht, Morteza, Nayak, Vinod C., Negoi, Ionut, Ngunjiri, Josephine W., Nguyen, Cuong Tat, Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi, Nguyen, Minh, Nigatu, Yeshambel T., Nikbakhsh, Rajan, Nixon, Molly R., Nnaji, Chukwudi A., Nomura, Shuhei, Norrving, Bo, Noubiap, Jean Jacques, Nowak, Christoph, Nunez-Samudio, Virginia, Oţoiu, Adrian, Oancea, Bogdan, Odell, Christopher M., Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In Hwan, Okunga, Emmanuel Wandera, Oladnabi, Morteza, Olagunju, Andrew T., Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Omer, Muktar Omer, Ong, Kanyin L., Onwujekwe, Obinna E., Orpana, Heather M., Ortiz, Alberto, Osarenotor, Osayomwanbo, Osei, Frank B., Ostroff, Samuel M., Otstavnov, Nikita, Otstavnov, Stanislav S., Øverland, Simon, Owolabi, Mayowa O., P A, Mahesh, Padubidri, Jagadish Rao, Palladino, Raffaele, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Pandey, Anamika, Parry, Charles D.H., Pasovic, Maja, Pasupula, Deepak Kumar, Patel, Sangram Kishor, Pathak, Mona, Patten, Scott B., Patton, George C., Pazoki Toroudi, Hamidreza, Peden, Amy E., Pennini, Alyssa, Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino, Peprah, Emmanuel K., Pereira, David M., Pesudovs, Konrad, Pham, Hai Quang, Phillips, Michael R., Piccinelli, Cristiano, Pilz, Tessa M., Piradov, Michael A., Pirsaheb, Meghdad, Plass, Dietrich, Polinder, Suzanne, Polkinghorne, Kevan R., Pond, Constance Dimity, Postma, Maarten J., Pourjafar, Hadi, Pourmalek, Farshad, Poznańska, Anna, Prada, Sergio I., Prakash, V., Pribadi, Dimas Ria Angga, Pupillo, Elisabetta, Quazi Syed, Zahiruddin, Rabiee, Mohammad, Rabiee, Navid, Radfar, Amir, Rafiee, Ata, Raggi, Alberto, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rajabpour-Sanati, Ali, Rajati, Fatemeh, Rakovac, Ivo, Ram, Pradhum, Ramezanzadeh, Kiana, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Rao, Puja C., Rao, Sowmya J., Rashedi, Vahid, Rathi, Priya, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawaf, Salman, Rawal, Lal, Rawassizadeh, Reza, Rawat, Ramu, Razo, Christian, Redford, Sofia Boston, Reiner, Robert C., Reitsma, Marissa Bettay, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Renjith, Vishnu, Renzaho, Andre M.N., Resnikoff, Serge, Rezaei, Negar, Rezaei, Nima, Rezapour, Aziz, Rhinehart, Phoebe Anne, Riahi, Seyed Mohammad, Ribeiro, Daniel Cury, Ribeiro, Daniela, Rickard, Jennifer, Rivera, Juan A., Roberts, Nicholas L.S., Rodríguez-Ramírez, Sonia, Roever, Leonardo, Ronfani, Luca, Room, Robin, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Roth, Gregory A., Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Rubagotti, Enrico, Rwegerera, Godfrey M., Sabour, Siamak, Sachdev, Perminder S., Saddik, Basema, Sadeghi, Ehsan, Sadeghi, Masoumeh, Saeedi, Reza, Saeedi Moghaddam, Sahar, Safari, Yahya, Safi, Sare, Safiri, Saeid, Sagar, Rajesh, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sajadi, S. Mohammad, Salam, Nasir, Salamati, Payman, Salem, Hosni, Salem, Marwa R.Rashad, Salimzadeh, Hamideh, Salman, Omar Mukhtar, Salomon, Joshua A., Samad, Zainab, Samadi Kafil, Hossein, Sambala, Evanson Zondani, Samy, Abdallah M., Sanabria, Juan, Sánchez-Pimienta, Tania G., Santomauro, Damian Francesco, Santos, Itamar S., Santos, João Vasco, Santric-Milicevic, Milena M., Saraswathy, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer, Sarmiento-Suárez, Rodrigo, Sarrafzadegan, Nizal, Sartorius, Benn, Sarveazad, Arash, Sathian, Brijesh, Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu, Sattin, Davide, Saxena, Sonia, Schaeffer, Lauren E., Schiavolin, Silvia, Schlaich, Markus P., Schmidt, Maria Inês, Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth, Schwebel, David C., Schwendicke, Falk, Senbeta, Anbissa Muleta, Senthilkumaran, Subramanian, Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Serdar, Berrin, Serre, Marc L., Shadid, Jamileh, Shafaat, Omid, Shahabi, Saeed, Shaheen, Amira A., Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shalash, Ali S., Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran, Shamsizadeh, Morteza, Sharafi, Kiomars, Sheikh, Aziz, Sheikhtaheri, Abbas, Shibuya, Kenji, Shield, Kevin David, Shigematsu, Mika, Shin, Jae Il, Shin, Min Jeong, Shiri, Rahman, Shirkoohi, Reza, Shuval, Kerem, Siabani, Soraya, Sierpinski, Radoslaw, Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Sigurvinsdottir, Rannveig, Silva, João Pedro, Simpson, Kyle E., Singh, Jasvinder A., Singh, Pushpendra, Skiadaresi, Eirini, Skou, Søren T.Skou, Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich, Smith, Emma U.R., Soheili, Amin, Soltani, Shahin, Soofi, Moslem, Sorensen, Reed J.D., Soriano, Joan B., Sorrie, Muluken Bekele, Soshnikov, Sergey, Soyiri, Ireneous N., Spencer, Cory N., Spotin, Adel, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T., Srinivasan, Vinay, Stanaway, Jeffrey D., Stein, Caroline, Stein, Dan J., Steiner, Caitlyn, Stockfelt, Leo, Stokes, Mark A., Straif, Kurt, Stubbs, Jacob L., Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale, Suleria, Hafiz Ansar Rasul, Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Rizwan, Sulo, Gerhard, Sultan, Iyad, Szumowski, Łukasz, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tabb, Karen M., Tabuchi, Takahiro, Taherkhani, Amir, Tajdini, Masih, Takahashi, Ken, Takala, Jukka S., Tamiru, Animut Tagele, Taveira, Nuno, Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash, Temsah, Mohamad Hani, Tesema, Getayeneh Antehunegn, Tessema, Zemenu Tadesse, Thurston, George D., Titova, Mariya Vladimirovna, Tohidinik, Hamid Reza, Tonelli, Marcello, Topor-Madry, Roman, Topouzis, Fotis, Torre, Anna E., Touvier, Mathilde, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto Roberto, Tran, Bach Xuan, Travillian, Ravensara, Tsatsakis, Aristidis, Tudor Car, Lorainne, Tyrovolas, Stefanos, Uddin, Riaz, Umeokonkwo, Chukwuma David, Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran, Upadhyay, Era, Vacante, Marco, Valdez, Pascual R., van Donkelaar, Aaron, Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, Vasseghian, Yasser, Veisani, Yousef, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Violante, Francesco S., Vlassov, Vasily, Vollset, Stein Emil, Vos, Theo, Vukovic, Rade, Waheed, Yasir, Wallin, Mitchell Taylor, Wang, Yafeng, Wang, Yuan Pang, Watson, Alexandrea, Wei, Jingkai, Wei, Melissa Y.Wei, Weintraub, Robert G., Weiss, Jordan, Werdecker, Andrea, West, J. Jason, Westerman, Ronny, Whisnant, Joanna L., Whiteford, Harvey A., Wiens, Kirsten E., Wolfe, Charles D.A., Wozniak, Sarah S., Wu, Ai Min, Wu, Junjie, Wulf Hanson, Sarah, Xu, Gelin, Xu, Rixing, Yadgir, Simon, Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Seyed Hossein, Yamagishi, Kazumasa, Yaminfirooz, Mousa, Yano, Yuichiro, Yaya, Sanni, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Vahid, Yeheyis, Tomas Y., Yilgwan, Christopher Sabo, Yilma, Mekdes Tigistu, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Younis, Mustafa Z., Younker, Theodore Patrick, Yousefi, Bahman, Yousefi, Zabihollah, Yousefinezhadi, Taraneh, Yousuf, Abdilahi Yousuf, Yu, Chuanhua, Yusefzadeh, Hasan, Zahirian Moghadam, Telma, Zamani, Mohammad, Zamanian, Maryam, Zandian, Hamed, Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich, Zhang, Yunquan, Zhang, Zhi Jiang, Zhao, Jeff T., Zhao, Xiu Ju George, Zhao, Yingxi, Zhou, Maigeng, Ziapour, Arash, Zimsen, Stephanie R.M., Brauer, Michael, Afshin, Ashkan, and Lim, Stephen S.

Published
2020

41. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author

Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbas, Kaja M., Abbasi, Mohammad, Abbasifard, Mitra, Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdelalim, Ahmed, Abdollahi, Mohammad, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, Abedi, Aidin, Abedi, Parisa, Abegaz, Kedir Hussein, Abolhassani, Hassan, Abosetugn, Akine Eshete, Aboyans, Victor, Abrams, Elissa M., Abreu, Lucas Guimaraes, Abrigo, Michael R. M., Abu Haimed, Abdulaziz Khalid, Abualhasan, Ahmed, Abu-Gharbieh, Eman, Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal, Abushouk, Abdelrahman I., Acebedo, Alyssa, Ackerman, Ilana N., Adabi, Maryam, Adair, Tim, Adamu, Abdu A., Adebayo, Oladimeji M., Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adelson, Jaimie D., Adeoye, Abiodun Moshood, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O., Adham, Davoud, Advani, Shailesh M., Afarideh, Mohsen, Afshari, Mahdi, Afshin, Ashkan, Agardh, Emilie E., Agarwal, Gina, Agasthi, Pradyumna, Agesa, Kareha M., Aghaali, Mohammad, Aghamir, Seyed Mohammad Kazem, Agrawal, Anurag, Ahmad, Tauseef, Ahmadi, Alireza, Ahmadi, Keivan, Ahmadi, Mehdi, Ahmadieh, Hamid, Ahmadpour, Ehsan, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Aji, Budi, Akalu, Temesgen Yihunie, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Akinyemiju, Tomi, Akombi, Blessing, Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet, Alahdab, Fares, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Noore, Alam, Samiah, Alam, Tahiya, Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour, Alanzi, Turki M., Albertson, Samuel B., Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth, Alema, Niguse Meles, Alemu, Biresaw Wassihun, Alemu, Yihun Mulugeta, Alhabib, Khalid F., Alhassan, Robert Kaba, Ali, Muhammad, Ali, Saqib, Alicandro, Gianfranco, Alijanzadeh, Mehran, Alinia, Cyrus, Alipour, Vahid, Alizade, Hesam, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Alla, Francois, Allebeck, Peter, Almadi, Majid Abdulrahman Hamad, Almasi, Ali, Almasi-Hashiani, Amir, Almasri, Nihad A., Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M., Almulhim, Abdulaziz M., Alonso, Jordi, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M., Altirkawi, Khalid A., Alumran, Arwa Khalid, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J., Amare, Azmeraw T., Amare, Bekalu, Amini, Saeed, Amini-Rarani, Mostafa, Aminorroaya, Arya, Amiri, Fatemeh, Amit, Arianna Maever L., Amugsi, Dickson A., Amul, Gianna Gayle Herrera, Anbesu, Etsay Woldu, Ancuceanu, Robert, Anderlini, Deanna, Anderson, Jason A., Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Andrei, Tudorel, Androudi, Sofia, Angus, Colin, Anjomshoa, Mina, Ansari, Fereshteh, Ansari, Iman, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, Antonazzo, Ippazio Cosimo, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T., Antony, Catherine M., Antriyandarti, Ernoiz, Anvari, Davood, Anwer, Razique, Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw, Arabloo, Jalal, Arab-Zozani, Morteza, Aravkin, Aleksandr Y., Arba, Aseb Arba Kinfe, Aremu, Olatunde, Ariani, Filippo, Aripov, Timur, Armoon, Bahram, Arnlov, Johan, Arowosegbe, Oluwaseyi Olalekan, Aryal, Krishna K., Arzani, Afsaneh, Asaad, Malke, Asadi-Aliabadi, Mehran, Asadi-Pooya, Ali A., Asgari, Samaneh, Asghari, Babak, Jafarabadi, Mohammad Asghari, Ashbaugh, Charlie, Assmus, Michael, Atafar, Zahra, Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin, Atnafu, Desta Debalkie, Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi, Atre, Sachin R., Atteraya, Madhu Sudhan, Ausloos, Floriane, Ausloos, Marcel, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel Gbenato Arthur, Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala, Ayano, Getinet, Ayanore, Martin Amogre, Aynalem, Getie Lake, Aynalem, Yared Asmare, Ayza, Muluken Altaye, Azari, Samad, Azarian, Ghasem, Azene, Zelalem Nigussie, Azhar, Gulrez, Azzopardi, Peter S., Darshan, B. B., Babaee, Ebrahim, Badawi, Alaa, Badiye, Ashish D., Bagherzadeh, Mojtaba, Bagli, Eleni, Bahrami, Mohammad Amin, Baig, Atif Amin, Bairwa, Mohan, Bakhshaei, Mohammad Hossein, Bakhtiari, Ahad, Bakkannavar, Shankar M., Balachandran, Arun, Balakrishnan, Senthilkumar, Balalla, Shivanthi, Balassyano, Shelly, Baldasseroni, Alberto, Ball, Kylie, Ballew, Shoshana H., Balzi, Daniela, Banach, Maciej, Banerjee, Srikanta K., Banik, Palash Chandra, Bannick, Marlena S., Bante, Agegnehu Bante, Bante, Simachew Animen, Baraki, Adhanom Gebreegziabher, Barboza, Miguel A., Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn, Barnighausen, Till Winfried, Barrero, Lope H., Barthelemy, Celine M., Barua, Lingkan, Barzegar, Akbar, Basaleem, Huda, Bassat, Quique, Basu, Sanjay, Baune, Bernhard T., Bayati, Mohsen, Baye, Bayisa Abdissa, Bazmandegan, Gholamreza, Becker, Jacob S., Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Behzadifar, Masoud, Bejot, Yannick, Bekuma, Tariku Tesfaye Tesfaye, Bell, Michelle L., Bello, Aminu K., Bender, Rose G., Bennett, Derrick A., Bennitt, Fiona B., Bensenor, Isabela M., Benziger, Catherine P., Berhe, Kidanemaryam, Berman, Adam E., Bernabe, Eduardo, Bernstein, Robert S., Bertolacci, Gregory J., Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth, Bhageerathy, Reshmi, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhandari, Dinesh, Bhardwaj, Pankaj, Bhat, Anusha Ganapati, Bhattacharyya, Krittika, Bhattarai, Suraj, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Bibi, Sadia, Biehl, Molly H., Bijani, Ali, Bikbov, Boris, Bilano, Ver, Bin Sayeed, Muhammad Shahdaat, Biondi, Antonio, Birihane, Binyam Minuye, Bisanzio, Donal, Bisignano, Catherine, Biswas, Raaj Kishore, Bitew, Helen, Bjorge, Tone, Bockarie, Moses John, Bohlouli, Somayeh, Bohluli, Mehdi, Bojia, Hunduma Amensisa, Bolla, Srinivasa Rao, Boloor, Archith, Boon-Dooley, Alexandra S., Borges, Guilherme, Borzi, Antonio Maria, Borzouei, Shiva, Bose, Dipan, Bosetti, Cristina, Boufous, Soufiane, Bourne, Rupert, Brady, Oliver J., Braithwaite, Dejana, Brauer, Michael, Brayne, Carol, Breitborde, Nicholas J. K., Breitner, Susanne, Brenner, Hermann, Breusov, Alexey V., Briant, Paul Svitil, Briggs, Andrew M., Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich, Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich, Britton, Gabrielle B., Brugha, Traolach, Bryazka, Dana, Buchbinder, Rachelle, Bumgarner, Blair R., Burkart, Katrin, Burnett, Richard Thomas, Nagaraja, Sharath Burugina, Busse, Reinhard, Butt, Zahid A., Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano, Cahill, Leah E., Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero, Cai, Tianji, Callender, Charlton S. K. H., Camera, Luis Alberto, Campos-Nonato, Ismael R., Rincon, Julio Cesar Campuzano, Cao, Jackie, Car, Josip, Cardenas, Rosario, Carreras, Giulia, Carrero, Juan J., Carvalho, Felix, Castaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio, Castaneda-Orjuela, Carlos A., Castelpietra, Giulio, Castle, Chris D., Castro, Emma, Castro, Franz, Catala-Lopez, Ferran, Causey, Kate, Cederroth, Christopher R., Cercy, Kelly M., Cerin, Ester, Chalek, Julian, Chandan, Joht Singh, Chang, Alex R., Chang, Angela Y., Chang, Jung-Chen, Chang, Kai-Lan, Charan, Jaykaran, Charlson, Fiona J., Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Chaturvedi, Sarika, Cherbuin, Nicolas, Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel, Chin, Ken Lee, Chirinos-Caceres, Jesus Lorenzo, Cho, Daniel Youngwhan, Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine, Christensen, Hanne, Chu, Dinh-Toi, Chung, Michael T., Chung, Sheng-Chia, Cicuttini, Flavia M., Ciobanu, Liliana G., Cirillo, Massimo, Cislaghi, Beniamino, Classen, Thomas Khaled Dwayne, Cohen, Aaron J., Collins, Emma L., Comfort, Haley, Compton, Kelly, Conti, Sara, Cooper, Owen R., Corso, Barbara, Cortesi, Paolo Angelo, Costa, Vera Marisa, Cousin, Ewerton, Cowden, Richard G., Cowie, Benjamin C., Cromwell, Elizabeth A., Croneberger, Andrew J., Cross, Di H., Cross, Marita, Crowe, Christopher Stephen, Cruz, Jessica A., Cummins, Steven, Cunningham, Matthew, Dahlawi, Saad M. A., Dai, Haijiang, Dai, Hancheng, Damasceno, Albertino Antonio Moura, Damiani, Giovanni, D'Amico, Emanuele, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Daneshpajouhnejad, Parnaz, Dangel, William James, Danielsson, Anna-Karin, Gela, Jiregna Darega, Dargan, Paul I., Darwesh, Aso Mohammad, Daryani, Ahmad, Das, Jai K., Das Gupta, Rajat, Das Neves, Jose, Dash, Aditya Prasad, Davey, Gail, Davila-Cervantes, Claudio Alberto, Davis, Adrian C., Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil, Davletov, Kairat, De Leo, Diego, De Neve, Jan-Walter, Dean, Frances E., DeCleene, Nicole K., Deen, Amanda, Degenhardt, Louisa, DeLang, Marissa, Dellavalle, Robert Paul, Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen, Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam, Demsie, Desalegn Getnet, Denova-Gutierrez, Edgar, Dereje, Nebiyu Dereje, Deribe, Kebede, Dervenis, Nikolaos, Desai, Rupak, Desalew, Assefa, Dessie, Getenet Ayalew, Deuba, Keshab, Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda, Dhungana, Govinda Prasad, Dianatinasab, Mostafa, da Silva, Diana Dias, Diaz, Daniel, Forooshani, Zahra Sadat Dibaji, Dichgans, Martin, Didarloo, Alireza, Dingels, Zachary V., Dippenaar, Ilse N., Dirac, M. Ashworth, Djalalinia, Shirin, Do, Hoa Thi, Dokova, Klara, Doku, David Teye, Dolecek, Christiane, Dolgert, Andrew J., Dorostkar, Fariba, Doshi, Chirag P., Doshi, Pratik P., Doshmangir, Leila, Douiri, Abdel, Doxey, Matthew C., Doyle, Kerrie E., Driscoll, Tim Robert, Dubljanin, Eleonora, Dunachie, Susanna J., Duncan, Bruce B., Duraes, Andre Rodrigues, Eagan, Arielle Wilder, Ebrahimi, Hedyeh, Kalan, Mohammad Ebrahimi, Edvardsson, David, Effiong, Andem, Ehrlich, Joshua R., El Nahas, Nevine, El Sayed, Iman, Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed, El Tantawi, Maha, Elbarazi, Iffat, Elgendy, Islam Y., Elhabashy, Hala Rashad, El-Jaafary, Shaimaa I., Elsharkawy, Aisha, Elyazar, Iqbal R. 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F., Emamian, Mohammad Hassan, Emmons-Bell, Sophia, Erskine, Holly E., Eshrati, Babak, Eskandari, Khalil, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Esmaeilnejad, Saman, Esmaeilzadeh, Firooz, Esteghamati, Alireza, Esteghamati, Sadaf, Estep, Kara, Etemadi, Arash, Etisso, Atkilt Esaiyas, Ezekannagha, Oluchi, Fanzo, Jessica, Farag, Tamer, Farahmand, Mohammad, Faraj, Anwar, Faraon, Emerito Jose A., Fareed, Mohammad, Faridnia, Roghiyeh, Farinha, Carla Sofia e Sa, Farioli, Andrea, Faris, Pawan Sirwan, Faro, Andre, Faruque, Mithila, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fattahi, Nazir, Fazaeli, Ali Akbar, Fazlzadeh, Mehdi, Feigin, Valery L., Feldman, Rachel, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Eduarda, Ferrara, Giannina, Ferrara, Pietro, Ferrari, Alize J., Ferreira, Manuela L., Feyissa, Garumma Tolu, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Fisher, James L., Fitzgerald, Ryan, Flohr, Carsten, Flor, Luisa Sorio, Foigt, Nataliya A., Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin, Fomenkov, Artem Alekseevich, Force, Lisa M., Fornari, Carla, Foroutan, Masoud, Fox, Jack T., Francis, Joel Msafiri, Frank, Tahvi D., Franklin, Richard Charles, Freitas, Marisa, Fu, Weijia, Fukumoto, Takeshi, Fukutaki, Kai, Fuller, John E., Fullman, Nancy, Furtado, Joao M., Gad, Mohamed M., Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji, Gakidou, Emmanuela, Galles, Natalie C., Gallus, Silvano, Gamkrelidze, Amiran, Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L., Gardner, William M., Geberemariyam, Biniyam Sahiledengle, Gebrehiwot, Abiyu Mekonnen, Gebremedhin, Ketema Bizuwork, Gebremeskel, Gebreamlak Gebremedhn, Gebremeskel, Leake G., Gebresillassie, Begashaw Melaku, Gebreslassie, Assefa Ayalew Ayalew Ayalew, Geramo, Yilma Chisha Dea, Geremew, Abraham, Hayoon, Anna Gershberg, Gesesew, Hailay Abrha, Gething, Peter W., Gezae, Kebede Embaye, Ghadimi, Maryam, Ghadiri, Keyghobad, Ghaffarifar, Fatemeh, Ghafourifard, Mansour, Ghajar, Alireza, Ghamari, Farhad, Ghashghaee, Ahmad, Ghiasvand, Hesam, Ghith, Nermin, Gholamian, Asadollah, Ghosh, Rakesh, Giampaoli, Simona, Gilani, Syed Amir, Gill, Paramjit Singh, Gill, Tiffany K., Gillum, Richard F., Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageed, Ginindza, Themba G., Gitimoghaddam, Mojgan, Giussani, Giorgia, Glagn, Mustefa, Glushkova, Ekaterina Vladimirovna, Gnedovskaya, Elena V., Godinho, Myron Anthony, Goharinezhad, Salime, Golechha, Mahaveer, Goli, Srinivas, Gomez, Ricardo Santiago, Gona, Philimon N., Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Goren, Emily, Gorini, Giuseppe, Gorman, Taren M., Gottlich, Harrison Chase, Goudarzi, Houman, Goudarzian, Amir Hossein, Goulart, Alessandra C., Goulart, Barbara Niegia Garcia, Grada, Ayman, Greaves, Felix, Grivna, Michal, Grosso, Giuseppe, Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen, Gudi, Nachiket, Gugnani, Harish Chander, Guimaraes, Andre Luiz Sena, Guimaraes, Rafael Alves, Guled, Rashid Abdi, Gultie, Teklemariam, Guo, Gaorui, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Sharan, Subodh, Gupta, Tarun, Haagsma, Juanita A., Hachinski, Vladimir, Haddock, Beatrix, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Hafiz, Abdul, Hagins, Hailey, Haile, Lydia M., Haile, Teklehaimanot Gereziher, Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin, Haj-Mirzaian, Arya, Hall, Brian J., Halvaei, Iman, Hamadeh, Randah R., Abdullah, Kanaan Hamagharib, Hameed, Sajid, Hamidi, Samer, Hamilton, Erin B., Hammer, Melanie S., Han, Chieh, Han, Hannah, Handiso, Demelash Woldeyohannes, Hanif, Asif, Hankey, Graeme J., Haririan, Hamidreza, Haro, Josep Maria, Harvey, James D., Hasaballah, Ahmed I., Hasan, Md Mehedi, Hasanpoor, Edris, Hasanzadeh, Amir, Hashemian, Maryam, Hashi, Abdiwahab, Hassan, Amr, Hassan, Shoaib, Hassanipour, Soheil, Hassankhani, Hadi, Havmoeller, Rasmus J., Hay, Roderick J., Hay, Simon I., Hayat, Khezar, Heibati, Behzad, Heidari, Behnam, Heidari, Golnaz, Heidari-Soureshjani, Reza, Hendrie, Delia, Henny, Kiana, Henok, Andualem, Henrikson, Hannah J., Henry, Nathaniel J., Herbert, Molly E., Herteliu, Claudiu, Heydarpour, Fatemeh, Hird, Thomas R., Ho, Hung Chak, Hoek, Hans W., Hole, Michael K., Holla, Ramesh, Hollingsworth, Bruce, Hoogar, Praveen, Hopf, Kathleen Pillsbury, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosgood, H. Dean, Hossain, Naznin, Hosseini, Mostafa, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Hostiuc, Sorin, Househ, Mowafa, Hoy, Damian G., Hsairi, Mohamed, Hsiao, Thomas, Hsieh, Vivian Chia-Rong, Hu, Guoqing, Hu, Kejia, Huda, Tanvir M., Hugo, Fernando N., Humayun, Ayesha, Hussain, Rabia, Huynh, Chantal K., Hwang, Bing-Fang, Iannucci, Vincent C., Iavicoli, Ivo, Ibeneme, Charles Ugochukwu, Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel, Ikeda, Nayu, Ikuta, Kevin S., Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Ilic, Irena M., Ilic, Milena D., Imani-Nasab, Mohammad Hasan, Inbaraj, Leeberk Raja, Ippolito, Helen, Iqbal, Usman, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Irvine, Caleb Mackay Salpeter, Islam, M. Mofizul, Islam, MdMohaimenul, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Islami, Farhad, Iso, Hiroyasu, Ivers, Rebecca Q., Iwu, Chidozie C. 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Q., Kohler, Stefan, Kolola, Tufa, Komaki, Hamidreza, Kopec, Jacek A., Korotkova, Anna V., Korshunov, Vladimir Andreevich, Kosen, Soewarta, Kotlo, Anirudh, Koul, Parvaiz A., Koyanagi, Ai, Kraemer, Moritz U. G., Kravchenko, Michael A., Krishan, Kewal, Krohn, Kris J., Kromhout, Hans, Shaji, K. S., Defo, Barthelemy Kuate, Bicer, Burcu Kucuk, Kugbey, Nuworza, Kulkarni, Vaman, Kumar, G. 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N., Memish, Ziad A., Mendoza, Walter, Menezes, Ritesh G., Mengesha, Endalkachew Worku, Mengesha, Meresa Berwo, Mensah, George A., Mereke, Alibek, Mereta, Seid Tiku, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J., Mestrovic, Tomislav, Miazgowski, Bartosz, Miazgowski, Tomasz, Michalek, Irmina Maria, Mihretie, Kebadnew Mulatu, Miller, Ted R., Mills, Edward J., Milne, George J., Mini, G. K., Miri, Mohammad, Mirica, Andreea, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M., Mirzaei, Hamed, Mirzaei, Maryam, Mirzaei, Roya, Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Mehdi, Misganaw, Awoke Temesgen, Mitchell, Philip B., Mithra, Prasanna, Moazen, Babak, Moghadaszadeh, Masoud, Mohajer, Bahram, Mohamad, Osama, Mohamadi, Efat, Mohammad, Dara K., Mohammad, Yousef, Mezerji, Naser Mohammad Gholi, Mohammadbeigi, Abolfazl, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah, Mohammadifard, Noushin, Mohammadpourhodki, Reza, Mohammed, Ammas Siraj, Mohammed, Hussen, Mohammed, Jemal Abdu, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohebi, Farnam, Bandpei, Mohammad A. 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H., Pasovic, Maja, Pasupula, Deepak Kumar, Patel, Jenil R., Patel, Sangram Kishor, Paternina-Caicedo, Angel J., Pathak, Ashish, Pathak, Mona, Patten, Scott B., Patton, George C., Paudel, Deepak, Paudel, Sagun, Paulson, Katherine R., Toroudi, Hamidreza Pazoki, Pease, Spencer A., Peden, Amy E., Pennini, Alyssa, Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino, Peprah, Emmanuel K., Pereira, Alexandre, Pereira, David M., Pereira, Jeevan, Perico, Norberto, Pescarini, Julia Moreira, Pesudovs, Konrad, Pham, Hai Quang, Phillips, Michael R., Piccinelli, Cristiano, Pierce, Maxwell, Pigott, David M., Pilgrim, Thomas, Pilz, Tessa M., Pinheiro, Marina, Piradov, Michael A., Pirsaheb, Meghdad, Pishgar, Farhad, Plana-Ripoll, Oleguer, Plass, Dietrich, Pletcher, Martin, Pokhrel, Khem Narayan, Polibin, Roman V., Polinder, Suzanne, Polkinghorne, Kevan R., Pond, Constance Dimity, Postma, Maarten J., Pottoo, Faheem Hyder, Pourjafar, Hadi, Pourmalek, Farshad, Kalhori, Reza Pourmirza, Pourshams, Akram, Poznanska, Anna, Prada, Sergio I., Prakash, Sanjay, Prakash, V., Prasad, Narayan, Preotescu, Liliana, Pribadi, Dimas Ria Angga, Pupillo, Elisabetta, Quazi Syed, Zahiruddin, Rabiee, Mohammad, Rabiee, Navid, Radfar, Amir, Rafiee, Ata, Rafiei, Alireza, Raggi, Alberto, Rahim, Fakher, Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rajabpour-Sanati, Ali, Rajati, Fatemeh, Rakovac, Ivo, Ram, Pradhum, Ramezanzadeh, Kiana, Rana, Saleem Muhammad, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Ranta, Annemarei, Rao, Puja C., Rao, Sowmya J., Rasella, Davide, Rashedi, Vahid, Rastogi, Prateek, Rath, Goura Kishor, Rathi, Priya, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawaf, Salman, Rawal, Lal, Rawassizadeh, Reza, Rawat, Ramu, Razo, Christian, Boston, Sofia, Regassa, Lemma Demissie, Reiner, Robert C., Jr., Reinig, Nickolas, Reitsma, Marissa Bettay, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Renjith, Vishnu, Renzaho, Andre M. N., Resnikoff, Serge, Rezaei, Negar, Rezaei, Nima, Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh, Rezapour, Aziz, Rhinehart, Phoebe-Anne, Riahi, Seyed Mohammad, Ribeiro, Antonio Luiz P., Ribeiro, Daniel Cury, Ribeiro, Daniela, Rickard, Jennifer, Rivera, Juan A., Robalik, Toshana, Roberts, Nicholas L. S., Roberts, Shaun, Robinson, Stephen R., Rodriguez-Ramirez, Sonia, Roever, Leonardo, Rolfe, Sam, Romoli, Michele, Ronfani, Luca, Room, Robin, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Rostamian, Morteza, Roth, Gregory A., Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Rubagotti, Enrico, Rumisha, Susan Fred, Rwegerera, Godfrey M., Saadatagah, Seyedmohammad, Sabour, Siamak, Sachdev, Perminder S., Saddik, Basema, Sadeghi, Ehsan, Sadeghi, Masoumeh, Saeedi, Reza, Moghaddam, Sahar Saeedi, Saeidi, Shahram, Safari, Yahya, Safi, Sare, Safiri, Saeid, Sagar, Rajesh, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Sajadi, S. Mohammad, Salahshoor, Mohammad Reza, Salam, Nasir, Salama, Joseph S., Salamati, Payman, Zahabi, Saleh Salehi, Salem, Hosni, Salem, Marwa R., Salimi, Yahya, Salimzadeh, Hamideh, Salman, Omar Mukhtar, Salomon, Joshua A., Salz, Inbal, Samad, Zainab, Kafil, Hossein Samadi, Sambala, Evanson Zondani, Samy, Abdallah M., Sanabria, Juan, Sanchez-Pimienta, Tania G., Santomauro, Damian Francesco, Santos, Itamar S., Santos, Joao Vasco, Santric-Milicevic, Milena M., Saraswathy, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer, Sarmiento-Suarez, Rodrigo, Sarrafzadegan, Nizal, Sartorius, Benn, Sarveazad, Arash, Sathian, Brijesh, Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu, Sattin, Davide, Savic, Miloje, Sawyer, Susan M., Saxena, Deepak, Saxena, Sonia, Saylan, Mete, Sbarra, Alyssa N., Schaeffer, Lauren E., Schiavolin, Silvia, Schlaich, Markus P., Schmidt, Maria Ines, Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth, Schwebel, David C., Schwendicke, Falk, Seedat, Soraya, Sekerija, Mario, Senbeta, Anbissa Muleta, Senthilkumaran, Subramanian, Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Serdar, Berrin, Serre, Marc L., Servan-Mori, Edson, Sha, Feng, Shabani, Mahsima, Shackelford, Katya Anne, Shadid, Jamileh, Shafaat, Omid, Shahabi, Saeed, Shahbaz, Mohammad, Shaheen, Amira A., Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shalash, Ali S., Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran, Shamsi, MohammadBagher, Shamsizadeh, Morteza, Shannawaz, Mohammed, Sharafi, Kiomars, Sharafi, Zeinab, Sharara, Fablina, Sharifi, Hamid, Sharma, Rajesh, Shaw, David H., Sheena, Brittney S., Sheikh, Aziz, Sheikhtaheri, Abbas, Shetty, B. Suresh Kumar, Shetty, Ranjitha S., Shibuya, Kenji, Shield, Kevin David, Shiferaw, Wondimeneh Shibabaw, Shigematsu, Mika, Il Shin, Jae, Shin, Min-Jeong, Shiri, Rahman, Shirkoohi, Reza, Shivakumar, K. M., Shrime, Mark G., Shuval, Kerem, Siabani, Soraya, Sierpinski, Radoslaw, Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Sigurvinsdottir, Rannveig, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Silva, Joao Pedro, Simonetti, Biagio, Simpson, Kyle E., Singh, Ambrish, Singh, Jasvinder A., Singh, Pushpendra, Sinha, Dhirendra Narain, Skiadaresi, Eirini, Skou, Soren T., Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich, Sliwa, Karen, Smith, Amanda, Smith, Emma U. R., Sobngwi, Eugene, Soheili, Amin, Sokhan, Anton, Soltani, Shahin, Somefun, Oluwaseyi Dolapo, Soofi, Moslem, Sorensen, Reed J. 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M., Zlavog, Bianca S., Zodpey, Sanjay, Lim, Stephen S., and Murray, Christopher J. L.

Abstract

In an era of shifting global agendas and expanded emphasis on non-communicable diseases and injuries along with communicable diseases, sound evidence on trends by cause at the national level is essential. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a systematic scientific assessment of published, publicly available, and contributed data on incidence, prevalence, and mortality for a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of diseases and injuries. Methods GBD estimates incidence, prevalence, mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to 369 diseases and injuries, for two sexes, and for 204 countries and territories. Input data were extracted from censuses, household surveys, civil registration and vital statistics, disease registries, health service use, air pollution monitors, satellite imaging, disease notifications, and other sources. Cause-specific death rates and cause fractions were calculated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model and spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression. Cause-specific deaths were adjusted to match the total all-cause deaths calculated as part of the GBD population, fertility, and mortality estimates. Deaths were multiplied by standard life expectancy at each age to calculate YLLs. A Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, was used to ensure consistency between incidence, prevalence, remission, excess mortality, and cause-specific mortality for most causes. Prevalence estimates were multiplied by disability weights for mutually exclusive sequelae of diseases and injuries to calculate YLDs. We considered results in the context of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and fertility rate in females younger than 25 years. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered 1000 draw values of the post

Published
2020
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45. Ultra-thin GaAs single-junction solar cells integrated with a reflective back scattering layer.

Author

Weiquan Yang, Becker, Jacob, Shi Liu, Ying-Shen Kuo, Jing-Jing Li, Landini, Barbara, Campman, Ken, and Yong-Hang Zhang

Subjects
*SOLAR cells, *SOLAR energy, *DIRECT energy conversion, *PHOTOVOLTAIC cells, *ELECTRONIC circuit design
Abstract

This paper reports the proposal, design, and demonstration of ultra-thin GaAs single-junction solar cells integrated with a reflective back scattering layer to optimize light management and minimize non-radiative recombination. According to our recently developed semi-analytical model, this design offers one of the highest potential achievable efficiencies for GaAs solar cells possessing typical non-radiative recombination rates found among commercially available III-V arsenide and phosphide materials. The structure of the demonstrated solar cells consists of an In0.49Ga0.51P/GaAs/In0.49Ga0.51P double-heterostructure PN junction with an ultra-thin 300 nm thick GaAs absorber, combined with a 5 μm thick Al0.52In0.48P layer with a textured as-grown surface coated with Au used as a reflective back scattering layer. The final devices were fabricated using a substrate-removal and flip-chip bonding process. Solar cells with a top metal contact coverage of 9.7%, and a MgF2/ZnS anti-reflective coating demonstrated open-circuit voltages (Voc) up to 1.00 V, short-circuit current densities (Jsc) up to 24.5 mA/cm2, and power conversion efficiencies up to 19.1%; demonstrating the feasibility of this design approach. If a commonly used 2% metal grid coverage is assumed, the anticipated Jsc and conversion efficiency of these devices are expected to reach 26.6 mA/cm2 and 20.7%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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48. Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Enzymatic Hydrolysis Lignin: Biomass Pretreatment Severity Affects Lignin Valorization

Author

Jensen, Mads M., primary, Djajadi, Demi T., additional, Torri, Cristian, additional, Rasmussen, Helene B., additional, Madsen, René B., additional, Venturini, Elisa, additional, Vassura, Ivano, additional, Becker, Jacob, additional, Iversen, Bo B., additional, Meyer, Anne S., additional, Jørgensen, Henning, additional, Fabbri, Daniele, additional, and Glasius, Marianne, additional

Published
2018
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50. Grain yield, evapotranspiration, and water-use efficiency of maize hybrids differing in drought tolerance

Author

Hao, Baozhen, Xue, Qingwu, Marek, Thomas H., Jessup, Kirk E., Becker, Jacob D., Hou, Xiaobo, Xu, Wenwei, Bynum, Edsel D., Bean, Brent W., Colaizzi, Paul D., Howell, Terry A., Hao, Baozhen, Xue, Qingwu, Marek, Thomas H., Jessup, Kirk E., Becker, Jacob D., Hou, Xiaobo, Xu, Wenwei, Bynum, Edsel D., Bean, Brent W., Colaizzi, Paul D., and Howell, Terry A.

Abstract

Adoption of drought-tolerant (DT) hybrids is a viable strategy for maize production in drought-prone environments. We conducted four-year field studies (2011–2014) to investigate yield, crop evapotranspiration (ETc), and water-use efficiency (WUE) in one conventional (N58L) and one DT hybrid (N59B-DT) under three water regimes ( I100, I75, and I50, where the subscripts were the percentage of irrigation applied relative to meeting full ETc) and three plant densities. At I100 and I75, N59B-DT did not show advantage in yield and WUE relative to N58L, however, at I50 it showed an advantage of 8.5% and 10.5%, respectively. At I100 and I75, high plant density treatment had greater grain yield (9.1%) and WUE (9.4%) than low plant density. Comparing hybrids, N59B-DT had greater yield (5.9%) and WUE (7.3%) than N58L at high plant density. N59B-DT had large advantage over N58L in yield (18.0%) and WUE (26.2%) when the hybrids were grown under severe water deficit ( I50) and high plant density (9.9 plants m−2). At I50, increasing plant density reduced yield (14.1%) for N58L but did not affect yield for N59B-DT. On average, plant density had no effect on seasonal ETc but N59B-DT had more seasonal ETc than N58L at I100 and I75. The results of this study indicate that DT hybrid was tolerant to high panting density. Planting a DT hybrid with a higher plant density may provide greater yield stability under water-limited conditions while also maintaining maximum yield potential when moisture is sufficient.

Published
2018

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