21 results on '"Becker-Scarpitta, Antoine"'
Search Results
2. Distinct Communities and Differing Dispersal Routes in Bacteria and Fungi of Honey Bees, Honey, and Flowers
- Author
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Tiusanen, Mikko, Becker-Scarpitta, Antoine, and Wirta, Helena
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Diverging trends and drivers of Arctic flower production in Greenland over space and time
- Author
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Becker-Scarpitta, Antoine, Antão, Laura H., Schmidt, Niels Martin, Blanchet, F. Guillaume, Kaarlejärvi, Elina, Raundrup, Katrine, and Roslin, Tomas
- Published
- 2023
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- View/download PDF
4. Honeybees’ foraging choices for nectar and pollen revealed by DNA metabarcoding
- Author
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Leponiemi, Matti, Freitak, Dalial, Moreno-Torres, Miguel, Pferschy-Wenzig, Eva-Maria, Becker-Scarpitta, Antoine, Tiusanen, Mikko, Vesterinen, Eero J., and Wirta, Helena
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- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Species evenness‐area relationships in fragmented landscapes.
- Author
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Liu, Jinliang, Becker‐Scarpitta, Antoine, Wu, Chuping, and Liu, Jiajia
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FRAGMENTED landscapes , *BIOLOGICAL extinction , *NUMBERS of species , *SPECIES diversity , *SPECIES distribution - Abstract
Aims: The relationship between habitat area and species evenness quantifies species relative abundance distribution changes across habitat fragments, providing more information than considering only the species richness to predict biodiversity distribution patterns in fragmented landscapes. However, unlike the species‐area relationships (SARs), the Species Evenness‐Area Relationship (SEARs) has yet to be explored across taxa at a large spatial scale. Here, we resolved how the relationship between species evenness and fragment area varies among taxonomic groups and environmental factors. Location: Global. Taxa: Insecta, Aves, Amphibians and Squamata, Plantae, Arachnida, Mammalia, Mollusca. Methods: We compiled 67 datasets from the FragSAD database, including information on fragments area, species richness, and species abundance of six taxa worldwide. We calculated the species evenness index for each fragment, which is independent of species richness, and tested the relationship between species evenness and fragment area across taxonomic groups. We also used the power model to fit SEAR for each dataset and identified landscape variables with a detectable impact on the occurrence of significant SEARs. Results: In contrast to the positive relationship between species richness and fragment area, species evenness was negatively affected by fragment area when controlling for other environmental factors and the relationships varied significantly among taxonomic groups. Specifically, there were significant negative associations between species evenness and fragment area for insects, birds, spiders, and mammals but not for plants and amphibians. Meanwhile, the occurrence of significant SEARs depends on the number of fragments and total fragment area. Main Conclusions: The contrasting patterns of SEARs and SARs among taxonomic groups highlight the complexity of the mechanisms regulating biodiversity patterns. Although the number of species increases with the increase of fragment area, the decreased evenness implies community instability on larger fragments. Therefore, understanding the prevalence and underlying mechanisms in determining SEARs has critical implications for biodiversity conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Root and biomass allocation traits predict changes in plant species and communities over four decades of global change.
- Author
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Messier, Julie, Becker‐Scarpitta, Antoine, Li, Yuanzhi, Violle, Cyrille, and Vellend, Mark
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GLOBAL warming , *MOUNTAIN forests , *PLANT species , *PLANT communities , *TEMPERATE forests , *VASCULAR plants - Abstract
Global change is affecting the distribution and population dynamics of plant species across the planet, leading to trends such as shifts in distribution toward the poles and to higher elevations. Yet, we poorly understand why individual species respond differently to warming and other environmental changes, or how the trait composition of communities responds. Here we ask two questions regarding plant species and community changes over 42 years of global change in a temperate montane forest in Québec, Canada: (1) How did the trait composition, alpha diversity, and beta diversity of understory vascular plant communities change between 1970 and 2010, a period over which the region experienced 1.5°C of warming and changes in nitrogen deposition? (2) Can traits predict shifts in species elevation and abundance over this time period? For 46 understory vascular species, we locally measured six aboveground traits, and for 36 of those (not including shrubs), we also measured five belowground traits. Collectively, they capture leading dimensions of phenotypic variation that are associated with climatic and resource niches. At the community level, the trait composition of high‐elevation plots shifted, primarily for two root traits: specific root length decreased and rooting depth increased. The mean trait values of high‐elevation plots shifted over time toward values initially associated with low‐elevation plots. These changes led to trait homogenization across elevations. The community‐level shifts in traits mirrored the taxonomic shifts reported elsewhere for this site. At the species level, two of the three traits predicting changes in species elevation and abundance were belowground traits (low mycorrhizal fraction and shallow rooting). These findings highlight the importance of root traits, which, along with leaf mass fraction, were associated with shifts in distribution and abundance over four decades. Community‐level trait changes were largely similar across the elevational and temporal gradients. In contrast, traits typically associated with lower elevations at the community level did not predict differences among species in their shift in abundance or distribution, indicating a decoupling between species‐ and community‐level responses. Overall, changes were consistent with some influence of both climate warming and increased nitrogen availability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Diverging trends and drivers of Arctic flower production over space and time
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Becker-Scarpitta, Antoine, primary, Antão, Laura H., additional, Martin Schmidt, Niels, additional, Blanchet, F. Guillaume, additional, Kaarlejärvi, Elina, additional, Raundrup, Katrine, additional, and Roslin, Tomas, additional
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- 2022
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8. Recent History of Vegetation Changes in the Arctic
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Becker‐Scarpitta, Antoine, primary, Parisy, Bastien, additional, and Roslin, Tomas, additional
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- 2022
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9. Can bryophyte groups increase functional resolution in tundra ecosystems?
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Lett, Signe, primary, Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S., additional, Becker-Scarpitta, Antoine, additional, Christiansen, Casper T., additional, During, Heinjo, additional, Ekelund, Flemming, additional, Henry, Gregory H.R., additional, Lang, Simone I., additional, Michelsen, Anders, additional, Rousk, Kathrin, additional, Alatalo, Juha M., additional, Betway, Katlyn R., additional, Rui, Sara B., additional, Callaghan, Terry, additional, Carbognani, Michele, additional, Cooper, Elisabeth J., additional, Cornelissen, J. Hans C., additional, Dorrepaal, Ellen, additional, Egelkraut, Dagmar, additional, Elumeeva, Tatiana G., additional, Haugum, Siri V., additional, Hollister, Robert D., additional, Jägerbrand, Annika K., additional, Keuper, Frida, additional, Klanderud, Kari, additional, Lévesque, Esther, additional, Liu, Xin, additional, May, Jeremy, additional, Michel, Pascale, additional, Mörsdorf, Martin, additional, Petraglia, Alessandro, additional, Rixen, Christian, additional, Robroek, Bjorn J.M., additional, Rzepczynska, Agnieszka M., additional, Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A., additional, Tolvanen, Anne, additional, Vandvik, Vigdis, additional, Volkov, Igor, additional, Volkova, Irina, additional, and Zuijlen, Kristel van, additional
- Published
- 2022
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10. Different temporal trends in vascular plant and bryophyte communities along elevational gradients over four decades
- Author
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Becker‐Scarpitta, Antoine, primary, Auberson‐Lavoie, Diane, additional, Aussenac, Raphael, additional, and Vellend, Mark, additional
- Published
- 2022
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- View/download PDF
11. Can bryophyte groups increase functional resolution in tundra ecosystems?
- Author
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Lett, Signe, Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg Svala, Becker-scarpitta, Antoine, Christiansen, Casper T., During, Heinjo, Ekelund, Flemming, Henry, Greg H.r., Lang, Simone, Michelsen, Anders, Rousk, Kathrin, Alatalo, Juha, Betway, Katlyn Rose, Busca, Sara, Callaghan, Terry, Carbognani, Michele, Cooper, Elisabeth J., Cornelissen, Johannes H. C., Dorrepaal, Ellen, Egelkraut, Dagmar, Elumeeva, Tatiana G., Haugum, Siri V., Hollister, Robert D., Jägerbrand, Annika K., Keuper, Frida, Klanderud, Kari, Lévesque, Esther, Liu, Xin, May, Jeremy, Michel, Pascale, Mörsdorf, Martin A, Petraglia, Alessandro, Rixen, Christian, Robroek, Bjorn, Rzepczynska, Agnieszka M., Soudzilovskaia, Nadia, Tolvanen, Anne, Vandvik, Vigdis, Volkov, Igor, Volkova, Irina, Van Zuijlen, Kristel, Lett, Signe, Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg Svala, Becker-scarpitta, Antoine, Christiansen, Casper T., During, Heinjo, Ekelund, Flemming, Henry, Greg H.r., Lang, Simone, Michelsen, Anders, Rousk, Kathrin, Alatalo, Juha, Betway, Katlyn Rose, Busca, Sara, Callaghan, Terry, Carbognani, Michele, Cooper, Elisabeth J., Cornelissen, Johannes H. C., Dorrepaal, Ellen, Egelkraut, Dagmar, Elumeeva, Tatiana G., Haugum, Siri V., Hollister, Robert D., Jägerbrand, Annika K., Keuper, Frida, Klanderud, Kari, Lévesque, Esther, Liu, Xin, May, Jeremy, Michel, Pascale, Mörsdorf, Martin A, Petraglia, Alessandro, Rixen, Christian, Robroek, Bjorn, Rzepczynska, Agnieszka M., Soudzilovskaia, Nadia, Tolvanen, Anne, Vandvik, Vigdis, Volkov, Igor, Volkova, Irina, and Van Zuijlen, Kristel
- Abstract
The relative contribution of bryophytes to plant diversity, primary productivity, and ecosystem functioning increases towards colder climates. Bryophytes respond to environmental changes at the species level, but because bryophyte species are relatively difficult to identify, they are often lumped into one functional group. Consequently, bryophyte function remains poorly resolved. Here, we explore how higher resolution of bryophyte functional diversity can be encouraged and implemented in tundra ecological studies. We briefly review previous bryophyte functional classifications and the roles of bryophytes in tundra ecosystems and their susceptibility to environmental change. Based on shoot morphology and colony organization, we then propose twelve easily distinguishable bryophyte functional groups. To illustrate how bryophyte functional groups can help elucidate variation in bryophyte effects and responses, we compiled existing data on water holding capacity, a key bryophyte trait. Although plant functional groups can mask potentially high interspecific and intraspecific variability, we found better separation of bryophyte functional group means compared with previous grouping systems regarding water holding capacity. This suggests that our bryophyte functional groups truly represent variation in the functional roles of bryophytes in tundra ecosystems. Lastly, we provide recommendations to improve the monitoring of bryophyte community changes in tundra study sites.
- Published
- 2022
12. Can bryophyte groups increase functional resolution in tundra ecosystems?
- Author
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Ecology and Biodiversity, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Lett, Signe, Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg Svala, Becker-scarpitta, Antoine, Christiansen, Casper T., During, Heinjo, Ekelund, Flemming, Henry, Greg H.r., Lang, Simone, Michelsen, Anders, Rousk, Kathrin, Alatalo, Juha, Betway, Katlyn Rose, Busca, Sara, Callaghan, Terry, Carbognani, Michele, Cooper, Elisabeth J., Cornelissen, Johannes H. C., Dorrepaal, Ellen, Egelkraut, Dagmar, Elumeeva, Tatiana G., Haugum, Siri V., Hollister, Robert D., Jägerbrand, Annika K., Keuper, Frida, Klanderud, Kari, Lévesque, Esther, Liu, Xin, May, Jeremy, Michel, Pascale, Mörsdorf, Martin A, Petraglia, Alessandro, Rixen, Christian, Robroek, Bjorn, Rzepczynska, Agnieszka M., Soudzilovskaia, Nadia, Tolvanen, Anne, Vandvik, Vigdis, Volkov, Igor, Volkova, Irina, Van Zuijlen, Kristel, Ecology and Biodiversity, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Lett, Signe, Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg Svala, Becker-scarpitta, Antoine, Christiansen, Casper T., During, Heinjo, Ekelund, Flemming, Henry, Greg H.r., Lang, Simone, Michelsen, Anders, Rousk, Kathrin, Alatalo, Juha, Betway, Katlyn Rose, Busca, Sara, Callaghan, Terry, Carbognani, Michele, Cooper, Elisabeth J., Cornelissen, Johannes H. C., Dorrepaal, Ellen, Egelkraut, Dagmar, Elumeeva, Tatiana G., Haugum, Siri V., Hollister, Robert D., Jägerbrand, Annika K., Keuper, Frida, Klanderud, Kari, Lévesque, Esther, Liu, Xin, May, Jeremy, Michel, Pascale, Mörsdorf, Martin A, Petraglia, Alessandro, Rixen, Christian, Robroek, Bjorn, Rzepczynska, Agnieszka M., Soudzilovskaia, Nadia, Tolvanen, Anne, Vandvik, Vigdis, Volkov, Igor, Volkova, Irina, and Van Zuijlen, Kristel
- Published
- 2022
13. Can bryophyte groups increase functional resolution in tundra ecosystems?
- Author
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Lett, Signe, Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg Svala, Becker-scarpitta, Antoine, Christiansen, Casper T., During, Heinjo, Ekelund, Flemming, Henry, Greg H.r., Lang, Simone, Michelsen, Anders, Rousk, Kathrin, Alatalo, Juha, Betway, Katlyn Rose, Busca, Sara, Callaghan, Terry, Carbognani, Michele, Cooper, Elisabeth J., Cornelissen, Johannes H. C., Dorrepaal, Ellen, Egelkraut, Dagmar, Elumeeva, Tatiana G., Haugum, Siri V., Hollister, Robert D., Jägerbrand, Annika K., Keuper, Frida, Klanderud, Kari, Lévesque, Esther, Liu, Xin, May, Jeremy, Michel, Pascale, Mörsdorf, Martin A, Petraglia, Alessandro, Rixen, Christian, Robroek, Bjorn, Rzepczynska, Agnieszka M., Soudzilovskaia, Nadia, Tolvanen, Anne, Vandvik, Vigdis, Volkov, Igor, Volkova, Irina, Van Zuijlen, Kristel, Ecology and Biodiversity, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Plant Production Sciences, Department of Agricultural Sciences, and Systems Ecology
- Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Arctic–Alpine ,Earth and Planetary Sciences(all) ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,mosses ,Environmental Science(all) ,Ecosystem ,functional traits ,Primary productivity ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science ,Plant diversity ,Ekologi ,Ecology ,water holding capacity ,Agricultural and Biological Sciences(all) ,Resolution (electron density) ,Aquatic Ecology ,environmental change ,15. Life on land ,11831 Plant biology ,Tundra ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Environmental science ,Bryophyte ,SDG 6 - Clean Water and Sanitation ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences - Abstract
Funding Information: This study was supported by a grant to SL from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie, Grant No. 797446 and by the Independent Research Fund Denmark, Grant no. 0135-00140B. Funding from the Academy of Finland (grant 322266), National Science Foundation (1504224, 1836839, PLR-1504381 and PLR-1836898), Independent Research Fund Denmark (9040-00314B), Moscow State University, (project No 121032500089-1), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, ArcticNet, Polar Continental Shelf Program, Northern Science Training Program, Polar Knowledge Canada, Royal Canadian Mounted Police, Tomsk State University competitiveness improvement program and the Russian Science Foundation (grant No 20-67-46018) are gratefully acknowledged. Matthias Ahrens provided valuable insights on the cushion growth form, and we are most thankful. We thank Gaius Shaver and two anonymous reviewers for providing valuable critique and input to earlier versions of this manuscript. Publisher Copyright: © the author(s) or their institution(s). The relative contribution of bryophytes to plant diversity, primary productivity, and ecosystem functioning increases towards colder climates. Bryophytes respond to environmental changes at the species level, but because bryophyte species are relatively difficult to identify, they are often lumped into one functional group. Consequently, bryophyte function remains poorly resolved. Here, we explore how higher resolution of bryophyte functional diversity can be encouraged and implemented in tundra ecological studies. We briefly review previous bryophyte functional classifications and the roles of bryophytes in tundra ecosystems and their susceptibility to environmental change. Based on shoot morphology and colony organization, we then propose twelve easily distinguishable bryophyte functional groups. To illustrate how bryophyte functional groups can help elucidate variation in bryophyte effects and responses, we compiled existing data on water holding capacity, a key bryophyte trait. Although plant functional groups can mask potentially high interspecific and intraspecific variability, we found better separation of bryophyte functional group means compared with previous grouping systems regarding water holding capacity. This suggests that our bryophyte functional groups truly represent variation in the functional roles of bryophytes in tundra ecosystems. Lastly, we provide recommendations to improve the monitoring of bryophyte community changes in tundra study sites.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Different temporal trends in vascular plant and bryophyte communities along elevational gradients over four decades of warming
- Author
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Becker-Scarpitta, Antoine, primary, Auberson-Lavoie, Diane, additional, Aussenac, Raphael, additional, and Vellend, Mark, additional
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Temporal dynamic of forest plant communities in response to global changes. Comparative approach between tracheophytes and bryophytes via historical ecology
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Becker-Scarpitta, Antoine, Département de biologie [Sherbrooke] (UdeS), Faculté des sciences [Sherbrooke] (UdeS), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), Université de Sherbrooke, Mark Vellend, and Becker-Scarpitta, Antoine
- Subjects
Dynamique temporelle des communautés ,forest vegetation ,global changes ,[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes ,Écologie des communautés ,Écologie historique ,temporal dynamic of plant communities ,[SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity ,global warming ,Réchauffement climatique ,diversity ,[SDV.BV.BOT] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics ,long term study ,Végétation forestière ,Forêt tempérée ,Plantes vasculaires ,elevational gradient ,Affinités écologiques ,vascular plants ,community composition ,Changements globaux ,Gradient altitudinal ,ecological affinities ,biodiversity ,[SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment ,historical ecology ,atmospheric deposition ,Bryophytes ,[SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics ,Trachéophytes ,Étude à long terme ,[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,Diversité ,[SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment ,[SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes ,temperate forest ,Déposition atmosphérique ,Biodiversité ,Composition des communautés ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,community ecology ,[SDV.BID] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity - Abstract
For at least the past two centuries, human activities have caused strong environmental changes in the biosphere. Many studies have shown responses of vegetation to global changes. However, many unknowns remain. First, most explicitly temporal studies have been conducted at a single site with a common intensity of environmental changes and historical land-use legacies. Results are highly variable among studies, and we have a very limited understanding of mechanisms underlying this variation. Second, despite the major contribution of bryophytes to ecosystem functioning, very few temporal studies have focused on bryophytes.This Ph.D. contributes to filling these two knowledge gaps. The overarching question for the three research projects presented here is: what is the impact of environmental change on biodiversity? We built a set of hypotheses around two main questions: (i) What is the effect of environmental changes on forest vegetation? (ii) Which taxon, bryophytes or vascular plants, is most sensitive to global changes? Chapter 2 tests the hypothesis that bryophytes are more sensitive than vascular plants to the combination of atmospheric deposition and warming in an industrial region in north-eastern France. Chapter 3 tests the hypothesis that forest vegetation changes have been greatest in regions with the strongest warming trends along a continental gradient in eastern Canada. The last chapter combines the two first approaches, quantifying temporal changes in bryophyte and vascular plant communities in sites with different warming intensities along elevational gradients in eastern Canada. To answer to these questions, I used an historical ecological approach by resurveying botanical plots initially surveyed in the 1970s. Plot selection followed a reproducible and detailed procedure to minimize confounding factors. Our results show a direct effect of global changes on forest vegetation. First, bryophytes appear more sensitive to atmospheric deposition than vascular plants (Chapter 2). Second, temporal changes in vascular plant communities were stronger in areas where warming has been greatest (Chapter 3). Third, in response to warming, changes in bryophyte and vascular plant communities show idiosyncratic differences, depending on the community property under study (Chapter 4). Results of the three chapters clearly show systematic changes in community composition, that are not necessarily accompanied by changes in local diversity. In sum, we provide empirical evidence that historical ecology is a powerful method to disentangling mechanisms of vegetation response to global changes. Only a holistic approach based on different biodiversity components, different spatial scales and wide variety of community properties permit an understanding of the complexity of temporal dynamics of vegetation., Depuis environ deux siècles les activités humaines modernes ont profondément modifié les conditions environnementales sur la surface de la Terre. De nombreuses études ont mis en évidence une réponse de la végétation face à ces changements. Cependant, il persiste plusieurs incompréhensions. Premièrement, les réponses des communautés varient fortement entre les études, et les mécanismes responsables de cette variation sont encore mal connus. Deuxièmement, malgré leur importance écologique, les bryophytes restent largement sous étudiées dans les études temporelles, limitant notre compréhension de leur dynamique temporelle. Ce doctorat a pour objectif d’apporter des éléments de réponses à ces deux points. Les trois projets de recherche gravitent autour de la grande question : quels sont les effets des changements environnementaux sur la biodiversité? Les hypothèses que j’ai développées se construisent autour de ces deux grandes questions (i) Quels sont les effets des dépositions et du réchauffement de la température sur la végétation forestière? (ii) Il y a-t-il une différence de sensibilité entre bryophytes et trachéophytes face aux changements environnementaux? Le chapitre 2 teste l’hypothèse que les bryophytes sont plus sensibles que les plantes vasculaires face aux dépositions atmosphériques et au réchauffement de la température dans une région industrielle du nord-ouest de la France. Le chapitre 3 teste les mécanismes de réponse de la végétation forestière le long d’un gradient de réchauffement climatique dans l’est du Canada. Enfin, le chapitre 4 est une approche mixe entre les deux premiers chapitres, il teste la réponse des plantes vasculaires et des bryophytes face à différentes intensités de réchauffement de la température sur des gradients altitudinaux dans l’est de la province de Québec. Dans les trois chapitres, j’ai utilisé les méthodes de l’écologie historique. Après un long travail d’archive, j’ai rééchantillonné des relevés botaniques faits dans les années 1970. La sélection des sites à rééchantillonner suit un protocole finement détaillé afin de minimiser tous effets confondants. Les résultats des trois chapitres mettent en évidence le lien direct entre réponse de végétation et changements environnementaux. Premièrement, les bryophytes sont plus sensibles aux dépositions atmosphériques que les plantes vasculaires (chapitre 2). Secondement, les changements temporels de la végétation vasculaire sont plus grands dans les zones ou le réchauffement climatique fut le plus fort (chapitre 3). Dernièrement, face au réchauffement climatique, les réponses des bryophytes et plantes vasculaires diffèrent selon la propriété de la communauté qui est étudiée (chapitre 4). Les trois chapitres, montrent un changement systématique de la composition des communautés, sans pour autant de changement de la richesse spécifique. Ce doctorat fournit trois exemples de la force des méthodes historiques dans la compréhension des mécanismes de réponse de la végétation face aux changements globaux. Mes travaux supportent l’importance d’analyser la dynamique de la végétation avec une vision holistique. La compréhension des mécanismes liés à la dynamique temporelle de la végétation doit passer par l’étude de plusieurs groupes taxonomiques, avec différentes propriétés des communautés sur plusieurs échelles spatiales.
- Published
- 2018
16. Four decades of plant community change along a continental gradient of warming
- Author
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Becker‐Scarpitta, Antoine, primary, Vissault, Steve, additional, and Vellend, Mark, additional
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Four decades of plant community change along a continental gradient of warming
- Author
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Becker-Scarpitta, Antoine, primary, Vissault, Steve, additional, and Vellend, Mark, additional
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Dynamiques temporelles des communautés végétales forestières en réponse aux changements globaux. Approche comparative entre bryophytes et trachéophytes via l’écologie historique
- Author
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Becker Scarpitta, Antoine, Vellend, Mark, Becker Scarpitta, Antoine, and Vellend, Mark
- Abstract
Depuis environ deux siècles les activités humaines modernes ont profondément modifié les conditions environnementales sur la surface de la Terre. De nombreuses études ont mis en évidence une réponse de la végétation face à ces changements. Cependant, il persiste plusieurs incompréhensions. Premièrement, les réponses des communautés varient fortement entre les études, et les mécanismes responsables de cette variation sont encore mal connus. Deuxièmement, malgré leur importance écologique, les bryophytes restent largement sous étudiées dans les études temporelles, limitant notre compréhension de leur dynamique temporelle. Ce doctorat a pour objectif d’apporter des éléments de réponses à ces deux points. Les trois projets de recherche gravitent autour de la grande question : quels sont les effets des changements environnementaux sur la biodiversité? Les hypothèses que j’ai développées se construisent autour de ces deux grandes questions (i) Quels sont les effets des dépositions et du réchauffement de la température sur la végétation forestière? (ii) Il y a-t-il une différence de sensibilité entre bryophytes et trachéophytes face aux changements environnementaux? Le chapitre 2 teste l’hypothèse que les bryophytes sont plus sensibles que les plantes vasculaires face aux dépositions atmosphériques et au réchauffement de la température dans une région industrielle du nord-ouest de la France. Le chapitre 3 teste les mécanismes de réponse de la végétation forestière le long d’un gradient de réchauffement climatique dans l’est du Canada. Enfin, le chapitre 4 est une approche mixe entre les deux premiers chapitres, il teste la réponse des plantes vasculaires et des bryophytes face à différentes intensités de réchauffement de la température sur des gradients altitudinaux dans l’est de la province de Québec. Dans les trois chapitres, j’ai utilisé les méthodes de l’écologie historique. Après un long travail d’archive, j’ai rééchantillonné des relevés botaniques faits dans les ann, For at least the past two centuries, human activities have caused strong environmental changes in the biosphere. Many studies have shown responses of vegetation to global changes. However, many unknowns remain. First, most explicitly temporal studies have been conducted at a single site with a common intensity of environmental changes and historical land-use legacies. Results are highly variable among studies, and we have a very limited understanding of mechanisms underlying this variation. Second, despite the major contribution of bryophytes to ecosystem functioning, very few temporal studies have focused on bryophytes. This Ph.D. contributes to filling these two knowledge gaps. The overarching question for the three research projects presented here is: what is the impact of environmental change on biodiversity? We built a set of hypotheses around two main questions: (i) What is the effect of environmental changes on forest vegetation? (ii) Which taxon, bryophytes or vascular plants, is most sensitive to global changes? Chapter 2 tests the hypothesis that bryophytes are more sensitive than vascular plants to the combination of atmospheric deposition and warming in an industrial region in north-eastern France. Chapter 3 tests the hypothesis that forest vegetation changes have been greatest in regions with the strongest warming trends along a continental gradient in eastern Canada. The last chapter combines the two first approaches, quantifying temporal changes in bryophyte and vascular plant communities in sites with different warming intensities along elevational gradients in eastern Canada. To answer to these questions, I used an historical ecological approach by resurveying botanical plots initially surveyed in the 1970s. Plot selection followed a reproducible and detailed procedure to minimize confounding factors. Our results show a direct effect of global changes on forest vegetation. First, bryophytes appear more sensitive to atmospheric deposition t
- Published
- 2018
19. Long‐term community change: bryophytes are more responsive than vascular plants to nitrogen deposition and warming
- Author
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Becker Scarpitta, Antoine, primary, Bardat, Jacques, additional, Lalanne, Arnault, additional, and Vellend, Mark, additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Plant Biodiversity Change Across Scales During the Anthropocene
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Vellend, Mark, primary, Baeten, Lander, additional, Becker-Scarpitta, Antoine, additional, Boucher-Lalonde, Véronique, additional, McCune, Jenny L., additional, Messier, Julie, additional, Myers-Smith, Isla H., additional, and Sax, Dov F., additional
- Published
- 2017
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21. Long-term nitrogen deposition reduces the diversity of nitrogen-fixing plants.
- Author
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Moreno-García, Pablo, Montaño-Centellas, Flavia, Yu Liu, Reyes-Mendez, Evelin Y., Jha, Rohit Raj, Guralnick, Robert P., Folk, Ryan, Waller, Donald M., Verheyen, Kris, Baeten, Lander, Becker-Scarpitta, Antoine, Berki, Imre, Bernhardt-Römermann, Markus, Brunet, Jörg, Van Calster, Hans, Chudomelová, Markéta, Closset, Deborah, De Frenne, Pieter, Decocq, Guillaume, and Gilliam, Frank S.
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PLANT diversity , *TEMPERATE forests , *CLIMATE change , *PLANT communities , *NITROGEN fixation - Abstract
Biological nitrogen fixation is a fundamental part of ecosystem functioning. Anthropogenic nitrogen deposition and climate change may, however, limit the competitive advantage of nitrogen-fixing plants, leading to reduced relative diversity of nitrogen-fixing plants. Yet, assessments of changes of nitrogen-fixing plant long-term community diversity are rare. Here, we examine temporal trends in the diversity of nitrogen-fixing plants and their relationships with anthropogenic nitrogen deposition while accounting for changes in temperature and aridity. We used forest-floor vegetation resurveys of temperate forests in Europe and the United States spanning multiple decades. Nitrogen-fixer richness declined as nitrogen deposition increased over time but did not respond to changes in climate. Phylogenetic diversity also declined, as distinct lineages of N-fixers were lost between surveys, but the "winners" and "losers" among nitrogen-fixing lineages varied among study sites, suggesting that losses are context dependent. Anthropogenic nitrogen deposition reduces nitrogen-fixing plant diversity in ways that may strongly affect natural nitrogen fixation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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