Search

The multi-component nature of executive functions (EF) has long been recognized, pushing for a better understanding of both the commonalities and the diversity between EF components. Despite the advances made, the operationalization of performance in EF tasks remains rather heterogeneous, and the structure of EF as modelled by confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) is still a topic of debate (Karr et al., 2018). The present work demonstrates these two issues are related, showing how different operationalizations in task-based performance indicators impact the resulting models of EF structure with CFA. Using bootstrapped data from 182 children (8-12 years old) and nine EF tasks (tapping inhibition, working memory and cognitive flexibility), we first show improved model convergence and acceptance when operationalizing EF through single tasks’ scores (e.g., incongruent trials, Flanker task) relative to difference scores (e.g., incongruent minus congruent trials, Flanker task). Furthermore, we show that reaction times exhibit poor model convergence and acceptance compared not only to accuracy, but also drift rate. The latter, a well-known indicator in drift-diffusion models, is found to present the best psychometric properties to model EF with CFA. Finally, we examine how various operationalizations of performance in EF tasks impact CFA model comparison in the assessment of EF structure and discuss the theoretical foundations for these results.

meta-analysis of the effects of action video game play on cognition

There have been mixed messages about the impact of video games on cognition. Two meta-analyses published back to back in Psychological Bulletin have led to apparently conflicting conclusions (Bediou et al., 2018; Sala et al., 2018). Here we revisit this debate through two new meta-analyses focusing on the relationship between action-shooter video games and cognitive abilities in cross-sectional and intervention studies. References: Bediou, B., Adams, D. M., Mayer, R. E., Tipton, E., Green, C. S., & Bavelier, D. (2018). Meta-analysis of action video game impact on perceptual, attentional, and cognitive skills. Psychological Bulletin, 144(1), 77–110. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000130; OSF link: https://osf.io/3gd8v/ Sala, G., Tatlidil, K. S., & Gobet, F. (2018). Video game training does not enhance cognitive ability: A comprehensive meta-analytic investigation. Psychological Bulletin, 144(2), 111–139. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000139

Action video game players demonstrate higher levels of attentional control compared to non-video game players in cognitive tasks. Whether this benefit extends to the processing of emotions remains unknown. The present study adapts the design of Mishra et al., (2011) to evaluate whether enhanced attentional control in action video game players provides advantages for the processing of emotional faces. We aim to complete a previous study using a statistically justified sample size.

data 2000-2015

The experiment that we are preregistering here (Experiment 2) is a direct replication of an experiment we have run previously (Experiment 1), comparing working memory between action/shooter video game players (AVGPs) and non-video game players (NVGPs), using computer-paced complex span tasks in which a storage task is combined with a processing task. In this task, participants are required to maintain series of spatial locations shown on screen, each location being followed by a processing phase during which a number of processing items are presented on screen successively. Domain of processing (visuo-spatial vs. verbal) and attentional demands of processing through cognitive load (CL) manipulations (low , medium , and high CL) are manipulated in both groups of participants. Like in Vergauwe et al. (2010), the verbal processing task is a semantic categorization task, the visuo-spatial processing task is a spatial fit judgment task. Furthermore, and still following Vergauwe et al. (2010), participants are required to judge either 4 (in low and medium CL conditions) or 8 items (in high CL condition), in processing phases of a duration of either 8000 ms (in low and high CL condition) or 5172 ms (in medium CL condition). This results in 1 item to be processed every 2000 ms (low CL), every 1293 ms (medium CL), or every 1000 ms (high CL).

Documento de Trabajo 07/10 perteneciente a la colección de documentos de trabajo "Nuevas Tendencias en Dirección de Empresas", dentro del Máster en Investigación en Economía y Empresa., [ES] Una característica importante de los mercados financieros es la asimetría de la información. Para combatir sus principales problemas se puede utilizar la detección. Es decir, que pueden ofrecer a los clientes un menú de contratos y deducir el nivel de riesgo de sus decisiones. Si el patrón de las opciones que los clientes con un nivel de riesgo diferente los hace distintos, hay auto-selección de los clientes y se produce de detección. Llevamos a cabo un experimento para tratar una cuestión importante para la configuración de tales- ¿es la elaboración del menú que ofrece de los contratos de interferir con la auto-selección de los clientes? La respuesta es sí. De hecho, la elección de los sujetos de cambio cuando el mismo (positivo) los resultados del mismo menú de los contratos se presentan en dos marcos diferentes. Ya que ambos cuadros se diferencian en el percibido punto de referencia, se propone un enfoque teórico que en un principio sigue la Teoría de las perspectivas para explicar nuestros resultados. Los sujetos muestran aversión a la pérdida de su percepción y evaluación de los resultados positivos por debajo del punto de referencia, y la auto-selección no se produce., [EN] A major characteristic of financial markets is information asymmetry. To combat its problems principals can use screening. That is, they can offer the clients a menu of contracts and infer their risk level from their choices. If the pattern of choices that clients with different risk level make differs, there is self-selection of clients and screening occurs. We conduct an experiment to address an important question for such settings—does the framing of the offered menu of contracts interfere with the self-selection of clients? The answer is yes. In fact, subjects’ choices shift when the same (positive) outcomes of the same menu of contracts are presented in two different frames. Since both frames differ in the ―perceived‖ reference-point, we propose a theoretical approach that initially follows Prospect Theory to explain our results. Subjects exhibit loss aversion in their perception and assessment of the positive outcomes below the reference-point, and self-selection fails to occur.