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1. Advanced wood species identification based on multiple anatomical sections and using deep feature transfer and fusion

Author

Zielinski, Kallil M., Scabini, Leonardo, Ribas, Lucas C., da Silva, Núbia R., Beeckman, Hans, Verwaeren, Jan, Bruno, Odemir M., and De Baets, Bernard

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

In recent years, we have seen many advancements in wood species identification. Methods like DNA analysis, Near Infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, and Direct Analysis in Real Time (DART) mass spectrometry complement the long-established wood anatomical assessment of cell and tissue morphology. However, most of these methods have some limitations such as high costs, the need for skilled experts for data interpretation, and the lack of good datasets for professional reference. Therefore, most of these methods, and certainly the wood anatomical assessment, may benefit from tools based on Artificial Intelligence. In this paper, we apply two transfer learning techniques with Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to a multi-view Congolese wood species dataset including sections from different orientations and viewed at different microscopic magnifications. We explore two feature extraction methods in detail, namely Global Average Pooling (GAP) and Random Encoding of Aggregated Deep Activation Maps (RADAM), for efficient and accurate wood species identification. Our results indicate superior accuracy on diverse datasets and anatomical sections, surpassing the results of other methods. Our proposal represents a significant advancement in wood species identification, offering a robust tool to support the conservation of forest ecosystems and promote sustainable forestry practices., Comment: 33 pages, 7 tables, 9 figures

Published
2024

3. Consistent patterns of common species across tropical tree communities

Author

Cooper, Declan L. M., Lewis, Simon L., Sullivan, Martin J. P., Prado, Paulo I., ter Steege, Hans, Barbier, Nicolas, Slik, Ferry, Sonké, Bonaventure, Ewango, Corneille E. N., Adu-Bredu, Stephen, Affum-Baffoe, Kofi, de Aguiar, Daniel P. P., Ahuite Reategui, Manuel Augusto, Aiba, Shin-Ichiro, Albuquerque, Bianca Weiss, de Almeida Matos, Francisca Dionízia, Alonso, Alfonso, Amani, Christian A., do Amaral, Dário Dantas, do Amaral, Iêda Leão, Andrade, Ana, de Andrade Miranda, Ires Paula, Angoboy, Ilondea B., Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Arboleda, Nicolás Castaño, Arroyo, Luzmila, Ashton, Peter, Aymard C, Gerardo A., Baider, Cláudia, Baker, Timothy R., Balinga, Michael Philippe Bessike, Balslev, Henrik, Banin, Lindsay F., Bánki, Olaf S., Baraloto, Chris, Barbosa, Edelcilio Marques, Barbosa, Flávia Rodrigues, Barlow, Jos, Bastin, Jean-Francois, Beeckman, Hans, Begne, Serge, Bengone, Natacha Nssi, Berenguer, Erika, Berry, Nicholas, Bitariho, Robert, Boeckx, Pascal, Bogaert, Jan, Bonyoma, Bernard, Boundja, Patrick, Bourland, Nils, Boyemba Bosela, Faustin, Brambach, Fabian, Brienen, Roel, Burslem, David F. R. P., Camargo, José Luís, Campelo, Wegliane, Cano, Angela, Cárdenas, Sasha, Cárdenas López, Dairon, de Sá Carpanedo, Rainiellen, Carrero Márquez, Yrma Andreina, Carvalho, Fernanda Antunes, Casas, Luisa Fernanda, Castellanos, Hernán, Castilho, Carolina V., Cerón, Carlos, Chapman, Colin A., Chave, Jerome, Chhang, Phourin, Chutipong, Wanlop, Chuyong, George B., Cintra, Bruno Barçante Ladvocat, Clark, Connie J., Coelho de Souza, Fernanda, Comiskey, James A., Coomes, David A., Cornejo Valverde, Fernando, Correa, Diego F., Costa, Flávia R. C., Costa, Janaina Barbosa Pedrosa, Couteron, Pierre, Culmsee, Heike, Cuni-Sanchez, Aida, Dallmeier, Francisco, Damasco, Gabriel, Dauby, Gilles, Dávila, Nállarett, Dávila Doza, Hilda Paulette, De Alban, Jose Don T., de Assis, Rafael L., De Canniere, Charles, De Haulleville, Thales, de Jesus Veiga Carim, Marcelo, Demarchi, Layon O., Dexter, Kyle G., Di Fiore, Anthony, Din, Hazimah Haji Mohammad, Disney, Mathias I., Djiofack, Brice Yannick, Djuikouo, Marie-Noël K., Do, Tran Van, Doucet, Jean-Louis, Draper, Freddie C., Droissart, Vincent, Duivenvoorden, Joost F., Engel, Julien, Estienne, Vittoria, Farfan-Rios, William, Fauset, Sophie, Feeley, Kenneth J., Feitosa, Yuri Oliveira, Feldpausch, Ted R., Ferreira, Cid, Ferreira, Joice, Ferreira, Leandro Valle, Fletcher, Christine D., Flores, Bernardo Monteiro, Fofanah, Alusine, Foli, Ernest G., Fonty, Émile, Fredriksson, Gabriella M., Fuentes, Alfredo, Galbraith, David, Gallardo Gonzales, George Pepe, Garcia-Cabrera, Karina, García-Villacorta, Roosevelt, Gomes, Vitor H. F., Gómez, Ricardo Zárate, Gonzales, Therany, Gribel, Rogerio, Guedes, Marcelino Carneiro, Guevara, Juan Ernesto, Hakeem, Khalid Rehman, Hall, Jefferson S., Hamer, Keith C., Hamilton, Alan C., Harris, David J., Harrison, Rhett D., Hart, Terese B., Hector, Andy, Henkel, Terry W., Herbohn, John, Hockemba, Mireille B. N., Hoffman, Bruce, Holmgren, Milena, Honorio Coronado, Euridice N., Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Isau, Hubau, Wannes, Imai, Nobuo, Irume, Mariana Victória, Jansen, Patrick A., Jeffery, Kathryn J., Jimenez, Eliana M., Jucker, Tommaso, Junqueira, André Braga, Kalamandeen, Michelle, Kamdem, Narcisse G., Kartawinata, Kuswata, Kasongo Yakusu, Emmanuel, Katembo, John M., Kearsley, Elizabeth, Kenfack, David, Kessler, Michael, Khaing, Thiri Toe, Killeen, Timothy J., Kitayama, Kanehiro, Klitgaard, Bente, Labrière, Nicolas, Laumonier, Yves, Laurance, Susan G. W., Laurance, William F., Laurent, Félix, Le, Tinh Cong, Le, Trai Trong, Leal, Miguel E., Leão de Moraes Novo, Evlyn Márcia, Levesley, Aurora, Libalah, Moses B., Licona, Juan Carlos, Lima Filho, Diógenes de Andrade, Lindsell, Jeremy A., Lopes, Aline, Lopes, Maria Aparecida, Lovett, Jon C., Lowe, Richard, Lozada, José Rafael, Lu, Xinghui, Luambua, Nestor K., Luize, Bruno Garcia, Maas, Paul, Magalhães, José Leonardo Lima, Magnusson, William E., Mahayani, Ni Putu Diana, Makana, Jean-Remy, Malhi, Yadvinder, Maniguaje Rincón, Lorena, Mansor, Asyraf, Manzatto, Angelo Gilberto, Marimon, Beatriz S., Marimon-Junior, Ben Hur, Marshall, Andrew R, Martins, Maria Pires, Mbayu, Faustin M., de Medeiros, Marcelo Brilhante, Mesones, Italo, Metali, Faizah, Mihindou, Vianet, Millet, Jerome, Milliken, William, Mogollón, Hugo F., Molino, Jean-François, Mohd. Said, Mohd. Nizam, Monteagudo Mendoza, Abel, Montero, Juan Carlos, Moore, Sam, Mostacedo, Bonifacio, Mozombite Pinto, Linder Felipe, Mukul, Sharif Ahmed, Munishi, Pantaleo K. T., Nagamasu, Hidetoshi, Nascimento, Henrique Eduardo Mendonça, Nascimento, Marcelo Trindade, Neill, David, Nilus, Reuben, Noronha, Janaína Costa, Nsenga, Laurent, Núñez Vargas, Percy, Ojo, Lucas, Oliveira, Alexandre A., de Oliveira, Edmar Almeida, Ondo, Fidèle Evouna, Palacios Cuenca, Walter, Pansini, Susamar, Pansonato, Marcelo Petratti, Paredes, Marcos Ríos, Paudel, Ekananda, Pauletto, Daniela, Pearson, Richard G., Pena, José Luis Marcelo, Pennington, R. Toby, Peres, Carlos A., Permana, Andrea, Petronelli, Pascal, Peñuela Mora, Maria Cristina, Phillips, Juan Fernando, Phillips, Oliver L., Pickavance, Georgia, Piedade, Maria Teresa Fernandez, Pitman, Nigel C. A., Ploton, Pierre, Popelier, Andreas, Poulsen, John R., Prieto, Adriana, Primack, Richard B., Priyadi, Hari, Qie, Lan, Quaresma, Adriano Costa, de Queiroz, Helder Lima, Ramirez-Angulo, Hirma, Ramos, José Ferreira, Reis, Neidiane Farias Costa, Reitsma, Jan, Revilla, Juan David Cardenas, Riutta, Terhi, Rivas-Torres, Gonzalo, Robiansyah, Iyan, Rocha, Maira, Rodrigues, Domingos de Jesus, Rodriguez-Ronderos, M. Elizabeth, Rovero, Francesco, Rozak, Andes H., Rudas, Agustín, Rutishauser, Ervan, Sabatier, Daniel, Sagang, Le Bienfaiteur, Sampaio, Adeilza Felipe, Samsoedin, Ismayadi, Satdichanh, Manichanh, Schietti, Juliana, Schöngart, Jochen, Scudeller, Veridiana Vizoni, Seuaturien, Naret, Sheil, Douglas, Sierra, Rodrigo, Silman, Miles R., Silva, Thiago Sanna Freire, da Silva Guimarães, José Renan, Simo-Droissart, Murielle, Simon, Marcelo Fragomeni, Sist, Plinio, Sousa, Thaiane R., de Sousa Farias, Emanuelle, de Souza Coelho, Luiz, Spracklen, Dominick V., Stas, Suzanne M., Steinmetz, Robert, Stevenson, Pablo R., Stropp, Juliana, Sukri, Rahayu S., Sunderland, Terry C. H., Suzuki, Eizi, Swaine, Michael D., Tang, Jianwei, Taplin, James, Taylor, David M., Tello, J. Sebastián, Terborgh, John, Texier, Nicolas, Theilade, Ida, Thomas, Duncan W., Thomas, Raquel, Thomas, Sean C., Tirado, Milton, Toirambe, Benjamin, de Toledo, José Julio, Tomlinson, Kyle W., Torres-Lezama, Armando, Tran, Hieu Dang, Tshibamba Mukendi, John, Tumaneng, Roven D., Umaña, Maria Natalia, Umunay, Peter M., Urrego Giraldo, Ligia Estela, Valderrama Sandoval, Elvis H., Valenzuela Gamarra, Luis, Van Andel, Tinde R., van de Bult, Martin, van de Pol, Jaqueline, van der Heijden, Geertje, Vasquez, Rodolfo, Vela, César I. A., Venticinque, Eduardo Martins, Verbeeck, Hans, Veridiano, Rizza Karen A., Vicentini, Alberto, Vieira, Ima Célia Guimarães, Vilanova Torre, Emilio, Villarroel, Daniel, Villa Zegarra, Boris Eduardo, Vleminckx, Jason, von Hildebrand, Patricio, Vos, Vincent Antoine, Vriesendorp, Corine, Webb, Edward L., White, Lee J. T., Wich, Serge, Wittmann, Florian, Zagt, Roderick, Zang, Runguo, Zartman, Charles Eugene, Zemagho, Lise, Zent, Egleé L., and Zent, Stanford

Published
2024
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4. Tallo: A global tree allometry and crown architecture database

Author

Jucker, Tommaso, Fischer, Fabian Jörg, Chave, Jérôme, Coomes, David A, Caspersen, John, Ali, Arshad, Panzou, Grace Jopaul Loubota, Feldpausch, Ted R, Falster, Daniel, Usoltsev, Vladimir A, Adu‐Bredu, Stephen, Alves, Luciana F, Aminpour, Mohammad, Angoboy, Ilondea B, Anten, Niels PR, Antin, Cécile, Askari, Yousef, Muñoz, Rodrigo, Ayyappan, Narayanan, Balvanera, Patricia, Banin, Lindsay, Barbier, Nicolas, Battles, John J, Beeckman, Hans, Bocko, Yannick E, Bond‐Lamberty, Ben, Bongers, Frans, Bowers, Samuel, Brade, Thomas, Breugel, Michiel, Chantrain, Arthur, Chaudhary, Rajeev, Dai, Jingyu, Dalponte, Michele, Dimobe, Kangbéni, Domec, Jean‐Christophe, Doucet, Jean‐Louis, Duursma, Remko A, Enríquez, Moisés, Ewijk, Karin Y, Farfán‐Rios, William, Fayolle, Adeline, Forni, Eric, Forrester, David I, Gilani, Hammad, Godlee, John L, Gourlet‐Fleury, Sylvie, Haeni, Matthias, Hall, Jefferson S, He, Jie‐Kun, Hemp, Andreas, Hernández‐Stefanoni, José L, Higgins, Steven I, Holdaway, Robert J, Hussain, Kiramat, Hutley, Lindsay B, Ichie, Tomoaki, Iida, Yoshiko, Jiang, Hai‐sheng, Joshi, Puspa Raj, Kaboli, Hasan, Larsary, Maryam Kazempour, Kenzo, Tanaka, Kloeppel, Brian D, Kohyama, Takashi, Kunwar, Suwash, Kuyah, Shem, Kvasnica, Jakub, Lin, Siliang, Lines, Emily R, Liu, Hongyan, Lorimer, Craig, Loumeto, Jean‐Joël, Malhi, Yadvinder, Marshall, Peter L, Mattsson, Eskil, Matula, Radim, Meave, Jorge A, Mensah, Sylvanus, Mi, Xiangcheng, Momo, Stéphane, Moncrieff, Glenn R, Mora, Francisco, Nissanka, Sarath P, O'Hara, Kevin L, Pearce, Steven, Pelissier, Raphaël, Peri, Pablo L, Ploton, Pierre, Poorter, Lourens, Pour, Mohsen Javanmiri, Pourbabaei, Hassan, Dupuy‐Rada, Juan Manuel, Ribeiro, Sabina C, Ryan, Casey, Sanaei, Anvar, Sanger, Jennifer, Schlund, Michael, Sellan, Giacomo, and Shenkin, Alexander

Subjects
Life on Land, Biomass, Carbon, Carbon Cycle, Ecosystem, Forests, Trees, allometric scaling, crown radius, forest biomass stocks, forest ecology, remote sensing, stem diameter, tree height, Environmental Sciences, Biological Sciences, Ecology
Abstract

Data capturing multiple axes of tree size and shape, such as a tree's stem diameter, height and crown size, underpin a wide range of ecological research-from developing and testing theory on forest structure and dynamics, to estimating forest carbon stocks and their uncertainties, and integrating remote sensing imagery into forest monitoring programmes. However, these data can be surprisingly hard to come by, particularly for certain regions of the world and for specific taxonomic groups, posing a real barrier to progress in these fields. To overcome this challenge, we developed the Tallo database, a collection of 498,838 georeferenced and taxonomically standardized records of individual trees for which stem diameter, height and/or crown radius have been measured. These data were collected at 61,856 globally distributed sites, spanning all major forested and non-forested biomes. The majority of trees in the database are identified to species (88%), and collectively Tallo includes data for 5163 species distributed across 1453 genera and 187 plant families. The database is publicly archived under a CC-BY 4.0 licence and can be access from: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6637599. To demonstrate its value, here we present three case studies that highlight how the Tallo database can be used to address a range of theoretical and applied questions in ecology-from testing the predictions of metabolic scaling theory, to exploring the limits of tree allometric plasticity along environmental gradients and modelling global variation in maximum attainable tree height. In doing so, we provide a key resource for field ecologists, remote sensing researchers and the modelling community working together to better understand the role that trees play in regulating the terrestrial carbon cycle.

Published
2022

5. Ground-based climate data show evidence of warming and intensification of the seasonal rainfall cycle during the 1960–2020 period in Yangambi, central Congo Basin

Author

Kasongo Yakusu, Emmanuel, Van Acker, Joris, Van de Vyver, Hans, Bourland, Nils, Mbifo Ndiapo, José, Besango Likwela, Théophile, Lokonda Wa Kipifo, Michel, Mbuya Kankolongo, Amand, Van den Bulcke, Jan, Beeckman, Hans, Bauters, Marijn, Boeckx, Pascal, Verbeeck, Hans, Jacobsen, Kim, Demarée, Gaston, Gellens-Meulenberghs, Françoise, and Hubau, Wannes

Published
2023
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6. Pantropical variability in tree crown allometry

Author

Panzou, Grace Jopaul Loubota, Fayolle, Adeline, Jucker, Tommaso, Phillips, Oliver L, Bohlman, Stephanie, Banin, Lindsay F, Lewis, Simon L, Affum‐Baffoe, Kofi, Alves, Luciana F, Antin, Cécile, Arets, Eric, Arroyo, Luzmila, Baker, Timothy R, Barbier, Nicolas, Beeckman, Hans, Berger, Uta, Bocko, Yannick Enock, Bongers, Frans, Bowers, Sam, Brade, Thom, Brondizio, Eduardo S, Chantrain, Arthur, Chave, Jerome, Compaore, Halidou, Coomes, David, Diallo, Adama, Dias, Arildo S, Dimobe, Kangbéni, Djagbletey, Gloria Djaney, Domingues, Tomas, Doucet, Jean‐Louis, Drouet, Thomas, Forni, Eric, Godlee, John L, Goodman, Rosa C, Gourlet‐Fleury, Sylvie, Hien, Fidele, Iida, Yoshiko, Ilondea, Bhely Angoboy, Muledi, Jonathan Ilunga, Jacques, Pierre, Kuyah, Shem, López‐Portillo, Jorge, Loumeto, Jean Joël, Marimon‐Junior, Ben Hur, Marimon, Beatriz Schwantes, Mensah, Sylvanus, Mitchard, Edward TA, Moncrieff, Glenn R, Narayanan, Ayyappan, O’Brien, Sean T, Ouedraogo, Korotimi, Palace, Michael W, Pelissier, Raphael, Ploton, Pierre, Poorter, Lourens, Ryan, Casey M, Saiz, Gustavo, Santos, Karin, Schlund, Michael, Sellan, Giacomo, Sonke, Bonaventure, Sterck, Frank, Thibaut, Quentin, Van Hoef, Yorick, Veenendaal, Elmar, Vovides, Alejandra G, Xu, Yaozhan, Yao, Tze Leong, and Feldpausch, Ted R

Subjects
Environmental Sciences, Ecological Applications, Environmental Management, crown allometry, environment, forest, precipitation, savanna, soil, stand&#8208, level variable, tropical biomes, Ecology
Abstract

Aim: Tree crowns determine light interception, carbon and water exchange. Thus, understanding the factors causing tree crown allometry to vary at the tree and stand level matters greatly for the development of future vegetation modelling and for the calibration of remote sensing products. Nevertheless, we know little about large-scale variation and determinants in tropical tree crown allometry. In this study, we explored the continental variation in scaling exponents of site-specific crown allometry and assessed their relationships with environmental and stand-level variables in the tropics. Location: Global tropics. Time period: Early 21st century. Major taxa studied: Woody plants. Methods: Using a dataset of 87,737 trees distributed among 245 forest and savanna sites across the tropics, we fitted site-specific allometric relationships between crown dimensions (crown depth, diameter and volume) and stem diameter using power-law models. Stand-level and environmental drivers of crown allometric relationships were assessed at pantropical and continental scales. Results: The scaling exponents of allometric relationships between stem diameter and crown dimensions were higher in savannas than in forests. We identified that continental crown models were better than pantropical crown models and that continental differences in crown allometric relationships were driven by both stand-level (wood density) and environmental (precipitation, cation exchange capacity and soil texture) variables for both tropical biomes. For a given diameter, forest trees from Asia and savanna trees from Australia had smaller crown dimensions than trees in Africa and America, with crown volumes for some Asian forest trees being smaller than those of trees in African forests. Main conclusions: Our results provide new insight into geographical variability, with large continental differences in tropical tree crown allometry that were driven by stand-level and environmental variables. They have implications for the assessment of ecosystem function and for the monitoring of woody biomass by remote sensing techniques in the global tropics.

Published
2021

7. Co-limitation towards lower latitudes shapes global forest diversity gradients

Author

Liang, Jingjing, Gamarra, Javier G. P., Picard, Nicolas, Zhou, Mo, Pijanowski, Bryan, Jacobs, Douglass F., Reich, Peter B., Crowther, Thomas W., Nabuurs, Gert-Jan, de-Miguel, Sergio, Fang, Jingyun, Woodall, Christopher W., Svenning, Jens-Christian, Jucker, Tommaso, Bastin, Jean-Francois, Wiser, Susan K., Slik, Ferry, Hérault, Bruno, Alberti, Giorgio, Keppel, Gunnar, Hengeveld, Geerten M., Ibisch, Pierre L., Silva, Carlos A., ter Steege, Hans, Peri, Pablo L., Coomes, David A., Searle, Eric B., von Gadow, Klaus, Jaroszewicz, Bogdan, Abbasi, Akane O., Abegg, Meinrad, Yao, Yves C. Adou, Aguirre-Gutiérrez, Jesús, Zambrano, Angelica M. Almeyda, Altman, Jan, Alvarez-Dávila, Esteban, Álvarez-González, Juan Gabriel, Alves, Luciana F., Amani, Bienvenu H. K., Amani, Christian A., Ammer, Christian, Ilondea, Bhely Angoboy, Antón-Fernández, Clara, Avitabile, Valerio, Aymard, Gerardo A., Azihou, Akomian F., Baard, Johan A., Baker, Timothy R., Balazy, Radomir, Bastian, Meredith L., Batumike, Rodrigue, Bauters, Marijn, Beeckman, Hans, Benu, Nithanel Mikael Hendrik, Bitariho, Robert, Boeckx, Pascal, Bogaert, Jan, Bongers, Frans, Bouriaud, Olivier, Brancalion, Pedro H. S., Brandl, Susanne, Brearley, Francis Q., Briseno-Reyes, Jaime, Broadbent, Eben N., Bruelheide, Helge, Bulte, Erwin, Catlin, Ann Christine, Cazzolla Gatti, Roberto, César, Ricardo G., Chen, Han Y. H., Chisholm, Chelsea, Cienciala, Emil, Colletta, Gabriel D., Corral-Rivas, José Javier, Cuchietti, Anibal, Cuni-Sanchez, Aida, Dar, Javid A., Dayanandan, Selvadurai, de Haulleville, Thales, Decuyper, Mathieu, Delabye, Sylvain, Derroire, Géraldine, DeVries, Ben, Diisi, John, Do, Tran Van, Dolezal, Jiri, Dourdain, Aurélie, Durrheim, Graham P., Obiang, Nestor Laurier Engone, Ewango, Corneille E. N., Eyre, Teresa J., Fayle, Tom M., Feunang, Lethicia Flavine N., Finér, Leena, Fischer, Markus, Fridman, Jonas, Frizzera, Lorenzo, de Gasper, André L., Gianelle, Damiano, Glick, Henry B., Gonzalez-Elizondo, Maria Socorro, Gorenstein, Lev, Habonayo, Richard, Hardy, Olivier J., Harris, David J., Hector, Andrew, Hemp, Andreas, Herold, Martin, Hillers, Annika, Hubau, Wannes, Ibanez, Thomas, Imai, Nobuo, Imani, Gerard, Jagodzinski, Andrzej M., Janecek, Stepan, Johannsen, Vivian Kvist, Joly, Carlos A., Jumbam, Blaise, Kabelong, Banoho L. P. R., Kahsay, Goytom Abraha, Karminov, Viktor, Kartawinata, Kuswata, Kassi, Justin N., Kearsley, Elizabeth, Kennard, Deborah K., Kepfer-Rojas, Sebastian, Khan, Mohammed Latif, Kigomo, John N., Kim, Hyun Seok, Klauberg, Carine, Klomberg, Yannick, Korjus, Henn, Kothandaraman, Subashree, Kraxner, Florian, Kumar, Amit, Kuswandi, Relawan, Lang, Mait, Lawes, Michael J., Leite, Rodrigo V., Lentner, Geoffrey, Lewis, Simon L., Libalah, Moses B., Lisingo, Janvier, López-Serrano, Pablito Marcelo, Lu, Huicui, Lukina, Natalia V., Lykke, Anne Mette, Maicher, Vincent, Maitner, Brian S., Marcon, Eric, Marshall, Andrew R., Martin, Emanuel H., Martynenko, Olga, Mbayu, Faustin M., Mbuvi, Musingo T. E., Meave, Jorge A., Merow, Cory, Miscicki, Stanislaw, Moreno, Vanessa S., Morera, Albert, Mukul, Sharif A., Müller, Jörg C., Murdjoko, Agustinus, Nava-Miranda, Maria Guadalupe, Ndive, Litonga Elias, Neldner, Victor J., Nevenic, Radovan V., Nforbelie, Louis N., Ngoh, Michael L., N’Guessan, Anny E., Ngugi, Michael R., Ngute, Alain S. K., Njila, Emile Narcisse N., Nyako, Melanie C., Ochuodho, Thomas O., Oleksyn, Jacek, Paquette, Alain, Parfenova, Elena I., Park, Minjee, Parren, Marc, Parthasarathy, Narayanaswamy, Pfautsch, Sebastian, Phillips, Oliver L., Piedade, Maria T. F., Piotto, Daniel, Pollastrini, Martina, Poorter, Lourens, Poulsen, John R., Poulsen, Axel Dalberg, Pretzsch, Hans, Rodeghiero, Mirco, Rolim, Samir G., Rovero, Francesco, Rutishauser, Ervan, Sagheb-Talebi, Khosro, Saikia, Purabi, Sainge, Moses Nsanyi, Salas-Eljatib, Christian, Salis, Antonello, Schall, Peter, Schepaschenko, Dmitry, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Schmid, Bernhard, Schöngart, Jochen, Šebeň, Vladimír, Sellan, Giacomo, Selvi, Federico, Serra-Diaz, Josep M., Sheil, Douglas, Shvidenko, Anatoly Z., Sist, Plinio, Souza, Alexandre F., Stereńczak, Krzysztof J., Sullivan, Martin J. P., Sundarapandian, Somaiah, Svoboda, Miroslav, Swaine, Mike D., Targhetta, Natalia, Tchebakova, Nadja, Trethowan, Liam A., Tropek, Robert, Mukendi, John Tshibamba, Umunay, Peter Mbanda, Usoltsev, Vladimir A., Vaglio Laurin, Gaia, Valentini, Riccardo, Valladares, Fernando, van der Plas, Fons, Vega-Nieva, Daniel José, Verbeeck, Hans, Viana, Helder, Vibrans, Alexander C., Vieira, Simone A., Vleminckx, Jason, Waite, Catherine E., Wang, Hua-Feng, Wasingya, Eric Katembo, Wekesa, Chemuku, Westerlund, Bertil, Wittmann, Florian, Wortel, Verginia, Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, Tomasz, Zhang, Chunyu, Zhao, Xiuhai, Zhu, Jun, Zhu, Xiao, Zhu, Zhi-Xin, Zo-Bi, Irie C., and Hui, Cang

Published
2022
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8. Genetic breaks caused by ancient forest fragmentation: phylogeography of Staudtia kamerunensis (Myristicaceae) reveals distinct clusters in the Congo Basin

Author

Vanden Abeele, Samuel, Matvijev, Katarina, Hardy, Olivier J., Assumani, Dieu-Merci, Angoboy Ilondea, Bhély, Beeckman, Hans, Bouka, Gael U. D., Boupoya, Clay Archange, Deklerck, Victor, Flot, Jean-François, Gillet, Jean-François, Kamdem, Narcisse Guy, Lisingo, Janvier, Monthe, Franck, Sonké, Bonaventure, and Janssens, Steven B.

Published
2023
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9. TRY plant trait database – enhanced coverage and open access

Author

Kattge, Jens, Bönisch, Gerhard, Díaz, Sandra, Lavorel, Sandra, Prentice, Iain Colin, Leadley, Paul, Tautenhahn, Susanne, Werner, Gijsbert DA, Aakala, Tuomas, Abedi, Mehdi, Acosta, Alicia TR, Adamidis, George C, Adamson, Kairi, Aiba, Masahiro, Albert, Cécile H, Alcántara, Julio M, C, Carolina Alcázar, Aleixo, Izabela, Ali, Hamada, Amiaud, Bernard, Ammer, Christian, Amoroso, Mariano M, Anand, Madhur, Anderson, Carolyn, Anten, Niels, Antos, Joseph, Apgaua, Deborah Mattos Guimarães, Ashman, Tia‐Lynn, Asmara, Degi Harja, Asner, Gregory P, Aspinwall, Michael, Atkin, Owen, Aubin, Isabelle, Baastrup‐Spohr, Lars, Bahalkeh, Khadijeh, Bahn, Michael, Baker, Timothy, Baker, William J, Bakker, Jan P, Baldocchi, Dennis, Baltzer, Jennifer, Banerjee, Arindam, Baranger, Anne, Barlow, Jos, Barneche, Diego R, Baruch, Zdravko, Bastianelli, Denis, Battles, John, Bauerle, William, Bauters, Marijn, Bazzato, Erika, Beckmann, Michael, Beeckman, Hans, Beierkuhnlein, Carl, Bekker, Renee, Belfry, Gavin, Belluau, Michael, Beloiu, Mirela, Benavides, Raquel, Benomar, Lahcen, Berdugo‐Lattke, Mary Lee, Berenguer, Erika, Bergamin, Rodrigo, Bergmann, Joana, Carlucci, Marcos Bergmann, Berner, Logan, Bernhardt‐Römermann, Markus, Bigler, Christof, Bjorkman, Anne D, Blackman, Chris, Blanco, Carolina, Blonder, Benjamin, Blumenthal, Dana, Bocanegra‐González, Kelly T, Boeckx, Pascal, Bohlman, Stephanie, Böhning‐Gaese, Katrin, Boisvert‐Marsh, Laura, Bond, William, Bond‐Lamberty, Ben, Boom, Arnoud, Boonman, Coline CF, Bordin, Kauane, Boughton, Elizabeth H, Boukili, Vanessa, Bowman, David MJS, Bravo, Sandra, Brendel, Marco Richard, Broadley, Martin R, Brown, Kerry A, Bruelheide, Helge, Brumnich, Federico, Bruun, Hans Henrik, Bruy, David, Buchanan, Serra W, Bucher, Solveig Franziska, Buchmann, Nina, Buitenwerf, Robert, Bunker, Daniel E, and Bürger, Jana

Subjects
Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation, Biological Sciences, Ecology, Environmental Sciences, Access to Information, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Plants, data coverage, data integration, data representativeness, functional diversity, plant traits, TRY plant trait database, Nutrient Network, Biological sciences, Earth sciences, Environmental sciences
Abstract

Plant traits-the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants-determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait-based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits-almost complete coverage for 'plant growth form'. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait-environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives.

Published
2020

10. Natural forest regeneration through fire protection is a less imminent threat for truly stable savannas than afforestation

Author

Djiofack, Brice Yannick, primary, Beeckman, Hans, additional, Bourland, Nils, additional, Belanganayi, Basile Luse, additional, Laurent, Félix, additional, Ilondea, Bhely Angoboy, additional, Nsenga, Laurent, additional, Huart, Alain, additional, Longwwango, Menard Mbende, additional, Deklerck, Victor, additional, Lejeune, Geert, additional, Verbiest, William W. M., additional, Van den Bulcke, Jan, additional, Van Acker, Joris, additional, De Mil, Tom, additional, and Hubau, Wannes, additional

Published
2024
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11. Growth periodicity in semi‐deciduous tropical tree species from the Congo Basin

Author

Luse Belanganayi, Basile, primary, Delvaux, Claire, additional, Kearsley, Elizabeth, additional, Lievens, Kévin, additional, Rousseau, Mélissa, additional, Mbungu Phaka, Christophe, additional, Djiofack, Brice Yannick, additional, Laurent, Félix, additional, Bourland, Nils, additional, Hubau, Wannes, additional, De Mil, Tom, additional, and Beeckman, Hans, additional

Published
2024
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12. Tropical tree growth driven by dry-season climate variability

Author

Zuidema, Pieter A., Babst, Flurin, Groenendijk, Peter, Trouet, Valerie, Abiyu, Abrham, Acuña-Soto, Rodolfo, Adenesky-Filho, Eduardo, Alfaro-Sánchez, Raquel, Aragão, José Roberto Vieira, Assis-Pereira, Gabriel, Bai, Xue, Barbosa, Ana Carolina, Battipaglia, Giovanna, Beeckman, Hans, Botosso, Paulo Cesar, Bradley, Tim, Bräuning, Achim, Brienen, Roel, Buckley, Brendan M., Camarero, J. Julio, Carvalho, Ana, Ceccantini, Gregório, Centeno-Erguera, Librado R., Cerano-Paredes, Julián, Chávez-Durán, Álvaro Agustín, Cintra, Bruno Barçante Ladvocat, Cleaveland, Malcolm K., Couralet, Camille, D’Arrigo, Rosanne, del Valle, Jorge Ignacio, Dünisch, Oliver, Enquist, Brian J., Esemann-Quadros, Karin, Eshetu, Zewdu, Fan, Ze-Xin, Ferrero, M. Eugenia, Fichtler, Esther, Fontana, Claudia, Francisco, Kainana S., Gebrekirstos, Aster, Gloor, Emanuel, Granato-Souza, Daniela, Haneca, Kristof, Harley, Grant Logan, Heinrich, Ingo, Helle, Gerd, Inga, Janet G., Islam, Mahmuda, Jiang, Yu-mei, Kaib, Mark, Khamisi, Zakia Hassan, Koprowski, Marcin, Kruijt, Bart, Layme, Eva, Leemans, Rik, Leffler, A. Joshua, Lisi, Claudio Sergio, Loader, Neil J., Locosselli, Giuliano Maselli, Lopez, Lidio, López-Hernández, María I., Lousada, José Luís Penetra Cerveira, Mendivelso, Hooz A., Mokria, Mulugeta, Montóia, Valdinez Ribeiro, Moors, Eddy, Nabais, Cristina, Ngoma, Justine, Nogueira Júnior, Francisco de Carvalho, Oliveira, Juliano Morales, Olmedo, Gabriela Morais, Pagotto, Mariana Alves, Panthi, Shankar, Pérez-De-Lis, Gonzalo, Pucha-Cofrep, Darwin, Pumijumnong, Nathsuda, Rahman, Mizanur, Ramirez, Jorge Andres, Requena-Rojas, Edilson Jimmy, Ribeiro, Adauto de Souza, Robertson, Iain, Roig, Fidel Alejandro, Rubio-Camacho, Ernesto Alonso, Sass-Klaassen, Ute, Schöngart, Jochen, Sheppard, Paul R., Slotta, Franziska, Speer, James H., Therrell, Matthew D., Toirambe, Benjamin, Tomazello-Filho, Mario, Torbenson, Max C. A., Touchan, Ramzi, Venegas-González, Alejandro, Villalba, Ricardo, Villanueva-Diaz, Jose, Vinya, Royd, Vlam, Mart, Wils, Tommy, and Zhou, Zhe-Kun

Published
2022
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13. Resistance of African tropical forests to an extreme climate anomaly

Author

Bennett, Amy C., Dargie, Greta C., Cuni-Sanchez, Aida, Mukendi, John Tshibamba, Hubau, Wannes, Mukinzi, Jacques M., Phillips, Oliver L., Malhi, Yadvinder, Sullivan, Martin J. P., Cooper, Declan L. M., Adu-Bredu, Stephen, Affum-Baffoe, Kofi, Amani, Christian A., Banin, Lindsay F., Beeckman, Hans, Begne, Serge K., Bocko, Yannick E., Boeckx, Pascal, Bogaert, Jan, Brncic, Terry, Chezeaux, Eric, Clark, Connie J., Daniels, Armandu K., de Haulleville, Thales, Kamdem, Marie-Noël Djuikouo, Doucet, Jean-Louis, Ondo, Fidèle Evouna, Ewango, Corneille E. N., Feldpausch, Ted R., Foli, Ernest G., Gonmadje, Christelle, Hall, Jefferson S., Hardy, Olivier J., Harris, David J., Ifo, Suspense A., Jeffery, Kathryn J., Kearsley, Elizabeth, Leal, Miguel, Levesley, Aurora, Makana, Jean-Remy, Lukasu, Faustin Mbayu, Medjibe, Vincent P., Mihindu, Vianet, Moore, Sam, Begone, Natacha Nssi, Pickavance, Georgia C., Poulsen, John R., Reitsma, Jan, Sonké, Bonaventure, Sunderland, Terry C. H., Taedoumg, Hermann, Talbot, Joey, Tuagben, Darlington S., Umunay, Peter M., Verbeeck, Hans, Vleminckx, Jason, White, Lee J. T., Woell, Hannsjoerg, Woods, John T., Zemagho, Lise, and Lewis, Simon L.

Published
2021

15. Diel and annual rhythms of tropical stem size changes in the Mayombe forest, Congo Basin.

Author

Luse Belanganayi, Basile, Angoboy Ilondea, Bhely, Mbungu Phaka, Christophe, Laurent, Félix, Djiofack, Brice Y., Kafuti, Chadrack, Peters, Richard L., Bourland, Nils, Beeckman, Hans, and De Mil, Tom

Abstract

Introduction: The Congo Basin forests, a crucial global carbon sink, are expected to face increased challenges of climate change by 2027, with an expected temperature rise of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels, accompanied by increased humidity conditions. However, studies that try to understand their functioning and untangle the species-specific responses about how weather conditions impact secondary growth dynamics are still rare. Methods: Here we present the results of a study on diel and annual stem growth in 17 trees, belonging to 11 most abundant species, both canopy and understory, in the Mayombe forest (Congo Basin) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). We measured highly-resolved radial stem size variations and weather conditions, to comprehend the ongoing patterns of secondary growth and examine the potential influence of projected weather conditions on them. Results: We found that at the diel scale, trees probably grow mainly from 6pm to 9am, and that at the annual scale, they grow mainly during the rainy season, from October to May. Some trees grow year-round, while others stop growing for a period ranging from 1 to 4 months. This growth cessation typically occurs during the dry season from June to September. A generalized linear mixed-effect model revealed that annual radial stem growth is positively related to rainfall. Discussion: Our results suggest that trees in the study site have a significant potential to cope with the projected 1.5°C increase in global temperature and an additional 50 mm of local rainfall. Trees of the species T. superba exhibited improved growth under the projected scenarios. For the other tree species, no significant difference in growth was observed between the predicted and observed scenarios. We believe that much remains to be done to better understand the tree growth-climate interaction of the large variety of tree species in the Congo Basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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18. Protecting an artificial savanna as a nature‐based solution to restore carbon and biodiversity in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Author

Djiofack, Brice Yannick, primary, Beeckman, Hans, additional, Bourland, Nils, additional, Belanganayi, Basile Luse, additional, Laurent, Félix, additional, Ilondea, Bhely Angoboy, additional, Nsenga, Laurent, additional, Huart, Alain, additional, Longwwango, Menard Mbende, additional, Deklerck, Victor, additional, Lejeune, Geert, additional, Verbiest, William W. M., additional, Van den Bulcke, Jan, additional, Van Acker, Joris, additional, De Mil, Tom, additional, and Hubau, Wannes, additional

Published
2024
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19. High aboveground carbon stock of African tropical montane forests

Author

Cuni-Sanchez, Aida, Sullivan, Martin J. P., Platts, Philip J., Lewis, Simon L., Marchant, Rob, Imani, Gérard, Hubau, Wannes, Abiem, Iveren, Adhikari, Hari, Albrecht, Tomas, Altman, Jan, Amani, Christian, Aneseyee, Abreham B., Avitabile, Valerio, Banin, Lindsay, Batumike, Rodrigue, Bauters, Marijn, Beeckman, Hans, Begne, Serge K., Bennett, Amy C., Bitariho, Robert, Boeckx, Pascal, Bogaert, Jan, Bräuning, Achim, Bulonvu, Franklin, Burgess, Neil D., Calders, Kim, Chapman, Colin, Chapman, Hazel, Comiskey, James, de Haulleville, Thales, Decuyper, Mathieu, DeVries, Ben, Dolezal, Jiri, Droissart, Vincent, Ewango, Corneille, Feyera, Senbeta, Gebrekirstos, Aster, Gereau, Roy, Gilpin, Martin, Hakizimana, Dismas, Hall, Jefferson, Hamilton, Alan, Hardy, Olivier, Hart, Terese, Heiskanen, Janne, Hemp, Andreas, Herold, Martin, Hiltner, Ulrike, Horak, David, Kamdem, Marie-Noel, Kayijamahe, Charles, Kenfack, David, Kinyanjui, Mwangi J., Klein, Julia, Lisingo, Janvier, Lovett, Jon, Lung, Mark, Makana, Jean-Remy, Malhi, Yadvinder, Marshall, Andrew, Martin, Emanuel H., Mitchard, Edward T. A., Morel, Alexandra, Mukendi, John T., Muller, Tom, Nchu, Felix, Nyirambangutse, Brigitte, Okello, Joseph, Peh, Kelvin S.-H., Pellikka, Petri, Phillips, Oliver L., Plumptre, Andrew, Qie, Lan, Rovero, Francesco, Sainge, Moses N., Schmitt, Christine B., Sedlacek, Ondrej, Ngute, Alain S. K., Sheil, Douglas, Sheleme, Demisse, Simegn, Tibebu Y., Simo-Droissart, Murielle, Sonké, Bonaventure, Soromessa, Teshome, Sunderland, Terry, Svoboda, Miroslav, Taedoumg, Hermann, Taplin, James, Taylor, David, Thomas, Sean C., Timberlake, Jonathan, Tuagben, Darlington, Umunay, Peter, Uzabaho, Eustrate, Verbeeck, Hans, Vleminckx, Jason, Wallin, Göran, Wheeler, Charlotte, Willcock, Simon, Woods, John T., and Zibera, Etienne

Published
2021
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20. Earlier onset and slower heartwood investment in faster-growing trees of African tropical species.

Author

Kafuti, Chadrack, Lehnebach, Romain, Bourland, Nils, Beeckman, Hans, Acker, Joris Van, Luambua, Nestor K, and Bulcke, Jan Van den

Subjects
HEARTWOOD, TREE age, STRUCTURAL equation modeling, FOREST dynamics, TREE-rings, TREES
Abstract

Background and Aims Heartwood plays an important role in maintaining the structural integrity of trees. Although its formation has long been thought to be driven solely by internal ageing processes, more recent hypotheses suggest that heartwood formation acts as a regulator of the tree water balance by modulating the quantity of sapwood. Testing both hypotheses would shed light on the potential ecophysiological nature of heartwood formation, a very common process in trees. Methods We measured quantities of heartwood and sapwood, xylem conduits and the width and number of growth rings on 406 stems of Pericopsis elata with ages ranging from 2 to 237 years. A subset of 17 trees with similar ages but varying growth rate were sampled in a shaded (slower-growth) site and a sun-exposed (faster-growth) site. We used regression analysis and structural equation modelling to investigate the dynamics and drivers of heartwood formation. Key Results We found a positive effect of growth rate on the probability of heartwood occurrence, suggesting an earlier heartwood onset in faster-growing stems. After this onset age, heartwood area increased with stem diameter and age. Despite the similar heartwood production per unit stem diameter increment, shaded trees produced heartwood faster than sun-exposed trees. Tree age and hydraulics showed similar direct effects on heartwood and sapwood area of sun-exposed trees, suggesting their mutual role in driving the heartwood dynamics of sun-exposed trees. However, for shaded trees, only tree hydraulics showed a direct effect, suggesting its prominent role over age in driving the heartwood dynamics in limited growing conditions. The positive relationship between growth rate and maximum stomatal conductance supported this conclusion. Conclusions Heartwood area increases as the tree ages, but at a slower rate in trees where water demand is balanced by a sufficient water supply. Our findings suggest that heartwood formation is not only a structural process but also functional. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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21. Historical tree phenology data reveal the seasonal rhythms of the Congo Basin rainforest.

Author

Kearsley, Elizabeth, Verbeeck, Hans, Stoffelen, Piet, Janssens, Steven B., Yakusu, Emmanuel Kasongo, Kosmala, Margaret, De Mil, Tom, Bauters, Marijn, Kitima, Elasi Ramanzani, Ndiapo, José Mbifo, Chuda, Adelard Lonema, Richardson, Andrew D., Wingate, Lisa, Ilondea, Bhély Angoboy, Beeckman, Hans, van den Bulcke, Jan, Boeckx, Pascal, and Hufkens, Koen

Subjects
PLANT phenology, PHENOLOGY, RAIN forests, TROPICAL forests, CARBON cycle, CLIMATE change
Abstract

Tropical forest phenology directly affects regional carbon cycles, but the relation between species‐specific and whole‐canopy phenology remains largely uncharacterized. We present a unique analysis of historical tropical tree phenology collected in the central Congo Basin, before large‐scale impacts of human‐induced climate change. Ground‐based long‐term (1937–1956) phenological observations of 140 tropical tree species are recovered, species‐specific phenological patterns analyzed and related to historical meteorological records, and scaled to characterize stand‐level canopy dynamics. High phenological variability within and across species and in climate–phenology relationships is observed. The onset of leaf phenophases in deciduous species was triggered by drought and light availability for a subset of species and showed a species‐specific decoupling in time along a bi‐modal seasonality. The majority of the species remain evergreen, although central African forests experience relatively low rainfall. Annually a maximum of 1.5% of the canopy is in leaf senescence or leaf turnover, with overall phenological variability dominated by a few deciduous species, while substantial variability is attributed to asynchronous events of large and/or abundant trees. Our results underscore the importance of accounting for constituent signals in canopy‐wide scaling and the interpretation of remotely sensed phenology signals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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24. Pan-tropical prediction of forest structure from the largest trees

Author

Bastin, Jean-François, Rutishauser, Ervan, Kellner, James R., Saatchi, Sassan, Pélissier, Raphael, Hérault, Bruno, Slik, Ferry, Bogaert, Jan, De Cannière, Charles, Marshall, Andrew R., Poulsen, John, Alvarez-Loyayza, Patricia, Andrade, Ana, Angbonga-Basia, Albert, Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Arroyo, Luzmila, Ayyappan, Narayanan, de Azevedo, Celso Paulo, Banki, Olaf, Barbier, Nicolas, Barroso, Jorcely G., Beeckman, Hans, Bitariho, Robert, Boeckx, Pascal, Boehning-Gaese, Katrin, Brandão, Hilandia, Brearley, Francis Q., Hockemba, Mireille Breuer Ndoundou, Brienen, Roel, Camargo, Jose Luis C., Campos-Arceiz, Ahimsa, Cassart, Benoit, Chave, Jérôme, Chazdon, Robin, Chuyong, Georges, Clark, David B., Clark, Connie J., Condit, Richard, Coronado, Euridice N. Honorio, Davidar, Priya, de Haulleville, Thalès, Descroix, Laurent, Doucet, Jean-Louis, Dourdain, Aurelie, Droissart, Vincent, Duncan, Thomas, Espejo, Javier Silva, Espinosa, Santiago, Farwig, Nina, Fayolle, Adeline, Feldpausch, Ted R., Ferraz, Antonio, Fletcher, Christine, Gajapersad, Krisna, Gillet, Jean-François, do Amaral, Iêda Leão, Gonmadje, Christelle, Grogan, James, Harris, David, Herzog, Sebastian K., Homeier, Jürgen, Hubau, Wannes, Hubbell, Stephen P., Hufkens, Koen, Hurtado, Johanna, Kamdem, Narcisse G., Kearsley, Elizabeth, Kenfack, David, Kessler, Michael, Labrière, Nicolas, Laumonier, Yves, Laurance, Susan, Laurance, William F., Lewis, Simon L., Libalah, Moses B., Ligot, Gauthier, Lloyd, Jon, Lovejoy, Thomas E., Malhi, Yadvinder, Marimon, Beatriz S., Junior, Ben Hur Marimon, Martin, Emmanuel H., Matius, Paulus, Meyer, Victoria, Bautista, Casimero Mendoza, Monteagudo-Mendoza, Abel, Mtui, Arafat, Neill, David, Gutierrez, Germaine Alexander Parada, Pardo, Guido, Parren, Marc, Parthasarathy, N., Phillips, Oliver L., Pitman, Nigel C. A., Ploton, Pierre, Ponette, Quentin, Ramesh, B. R., Razafimahaimodison, Jean-Claude, Réjou-Méchain, Maxime, Rolim, Samir Gonçalves, Saltos, Hugo Romero, Rossi, Luiz Marcelo Brum, Spironello, Wilson Roberto, Rovero, Francesco, Saner, Philippe, Sasaki, Denise, Schulze, Mark, Silveira, Marcos, Singh, James, Sist, Plinio, Sonke, Bonaventure, Soto, J. Daniel, de Souza, Cintia Rodrigues, Stropp, Juliana, Sullivan, Martin J. P., Swanepoel, Ben, ter Steege, Hans, Terborgh, John, Texier, Nicolas, Toma, Takeshi, Valencia, Renato, Valenzuela, Luis, Ferreira, Leandro Valle, Valverde, Fernando Cornejo, Van Andel, Tinde R., Vasque, Rodolfo, Verbeeck, Hans, Vivek, Pandi, Vleminckx, Jason, Vos, Vincent A., Wagner, Fabien H., Papi Puspa, Warsudi, Wortel, Verginia, Zagt, Roderick J., and Zebaze, Donatien

Published
2018

25. Asynchronous carbon sink saturation in African and Amazonian tropical forests

Author

Hubau, Wannes, Lewis, Simon L., Phillips, Oliver L., Affum-Baffoe, Kofi, Beeckman, Hans, Cuní-Sanchez, Aida, and Daniels, Armandu K.

Subjects
Amazon River region -- Natural resources -- Environmental aspects -- Comparative analysis, Africa -- Natural resources -- Environmental aspects -- Comparative analysis, Carbon sinks -- Analysis -- Statistics, Tropical dry forests -- Comparative analysis -- Environmental aspects, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Structurally intact tropical forests sequestered about half of the global terrestrial carbon uptake over the 1990s and early 2000s, removing about 15 per cent of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions.sup.1-3. Climate-driven vegetation models typically predict that this tropical forest 'carbon sink' will continue for decades.sup.4,5. Here we assess trends in the carbon sink using 244 structurally intact African tropical forests spanning 11 countries, compare them with 321 published plots from Amazonia and investigate the underlying drivers of the trends. The carbon sink in live aboveground biomass in intact African tropical forests has been stable for the three decades to 2015, at 0.66 tonnes of carbon per hectare per year (95 per cent confidence interval 0.53-0.79), in contrast to the long-term decline in Amazonian forests.sup.6. Therefore the carbon sink responses of Earth's two largest expanses of tropical forest have diverged. The difference is largely driven by carbon losses from tree mortality, with no detectable multi-decadal trend in Africa and a long-term increase in Amazonia. Both continents show increasing tree growth, consistent with the expected net effect of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide and air temperature.sup.7-9. Despite the past stability of the African carbon sink, our most intensively monitored plots suggest a post-2010 increase in carbon losses, delayed compared to Amazonia, indicating asynchronous carbon sink saturation on the two continents. A statistical model including carbon dioxide, temperature, drought and forest dynamics accounts for the observed trends and indicates a long-term future decline in the African sink, whereas the Amazonian sink continues to weaken rapidly. Overall, the uptake of carbon into Earth's intact tropical forests peaked in the 1990s. Given that the global terrestrial carbon sink is increasing in size, independent observations indicating greater recent carbon uptake into the Northern Hemisphere landmass.sup.10 reinforce our conclusion that the intact tropical forest carbon sink has already peaked. This saturation and ongoing decline of the tropical forest carbon sink has consequences for policies intended to stabilize Earth's climate. Unlike Amazonian forests, African forests have maintained their carbon sink until recently but by 2030 the African carbon sink will have shrunk by 14 per cent and the Amazonian sink will reach almost zero., Author(s): Wannes Hubau [sup.1] [sup.2] [sup.3] , Simon L. Lewis [sup.1] [sup.4] , Oliver L. Phillips [sup.1] , Kofi Affum-Baffoe [sup.5] , Hans Beeckman [sup.2] , Aida Cuní-Sanchez [sup.4] [sup.6] [...]

Published
2020
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29. Prunus africana (Hook. f.) Kalkman (the African Cherry)

Author

Rousseau, Mélissa, Delvaux, Claire, Mwakalukwa, Ezekiel Edward, Mbwambo, Lawrence, Solefack, Marie Caroline Momo, Ravaomanalina, Harisoa Bako, Geldenhuys, Coert J., Seintsheng, Ntamwira Niranda, Bourland, Nils, Beeckman, Hans, Máthé, Ákos, Series editor, Neffati, Mohamed, editor, and Najjaa, Hanen, editor

Published
2017
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31. Timber for the trenches: a new perspective on archaeological wood from First World War trenches in Flanders Fields

Author

Haneca, Kristof, van Daalen, Sjoerd, and Beeckman, Hans

Subjects
Flanders -- History -- Military aspects, World War I, 1914-1918, Timber -- Supply and demand -- Imports -- Usage, Intrenchments -- Design and construction -- Maintenance and repair, Archaeological dating, Dendrochronology, Archaeology, Anthropology/archeology/folklore
Abstract

During the First World War (1914-1918), the construction and maintenance of the Western Front in North-west Europe required huge quantities of timber. Although archaeological investigations regularly uncover wellpreserved wooden structures and objects, studies of the timber'sprovenance are rare. The authors combine archival research with wood-species identification and tree-ring analysis of a large assemblage of wooden objects excavated from former trenches on the Western Front. The results show that most objects and structures were made using fast-growing European species, with evidence for the small-scale but continuous importation of North American timber.Keywords: Western Front, First World War, dendrochronology, wood anatomy, battlefield archaeology, IntroductionDuring the First World War (1914-1918), the landscape along the European Western Front was devastated by warfare and military operations. By the end of 1914, a stalemate was reached and [...]

Published
2018
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34. The persistence of carbon in the African forest understory

Author

Hubau, Wannes, De Mil, Tom, Van den Bulcke, Jan, Phillips, Oliver L., Angoboy Ilondea, Bhély, Van Acker, Joris, Sullivan, Martin J. P., Nsenga, Laurent, Toirambe, Benjamin, Couralet, Camille, Banin, Lindsay F., Begne, Serge K., Baker, Timothy R., Bourland, Nils, Chezeaux, Eric, Clark, Connie J., Collins, Murray, Comiskey, James A., Cuni-Sanchez, Aida, Deklerck, Victor, Dierickx, Sofie, Doucet, Jean-Louis, Ewango, Corneille E. N., Feldpausch, Ted R., Gilpin, Martin, Gonmadje, Christelle, Hall, Jefferson S., Harris, David J., Hardy, Olivier J., Kamdem, Marie-Noel D., Kasongo Yakusu, Emmanuel, Lopez-Gonzalez, Gabriela, Makana, Jean-Remy, Malhi, Yadvinder, Mbayu, Faustin M., Moore, Sam, Mukinzi, Jacques, Pickavance, Georgia, Poulsen, John R., Reitsma, Jan, Rousseau, Mélissa, Sonké, Bonaventure, Sunderland, Terry, Taedoumg, Hermann, Talbot, Joey, Tshibamba Mukendi, John, Umunay, Peter M., Vleminckx, Jason, White, Lee J. T., Zemagho, Lise, Lewis, Simon L., and Beeckman, Hans

Published
2019
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39. Inbreeding depression affects the growth of seedlings of an African timber species with a mixed mating reproductive system, Pericopsis elata(Harms) Meeuwen

Author

Angbonda, Dieu - Merci Assumani, Ilunga-Mulala, Crispin M., Bourland, Nils, Beeckman, Hans, Boyemba, Faustin, Hatakiwe, Hulda, Ngongo, Jean Pierre, and Hardy, Olivier J.

Abstract

Selfing or mating between related individuals can lead to inbreeding depression (ID), which can influence the survival, growth and evolution of populations of tree species. As selective logging involves a decrease in the density of congeneric partners, it could lead to increasing biparental inbreeding or self-fertilization, exposing the population to higher ID. We assessed the influence of inbreeding on the growth of a commercial timber species, Pericopsis elata(Fabaceae), which produced about 54% of self-fertilized seedlings in a natural population of the Congo basin. We followed the survival and growth of 540 plants raised in a plantation along a gradient of plant density (0.07–15.9 plants per m2). Parentage analysis allowed us distinguishing selfed and outcrossed seedlings. The annual growth was higher for outcrossed than selfed plants, on average by 10.8% for diameter and 12.9% for height growth. Based on the difference in above ground biomass between selfed and outcrossed seedlings after 41 months, we estimated the level of ID at δ= 0.33, while a lifetime estimate of ID based on the proportions of selfed plants at seedling and adult stages led to δ= 0.7. The level of ID on growth rate did not change significantly with age but tended to vanish under high competition. Pericopsis elatais a particularly interesting model because inbreeding depression is partial, with about 26% of reproducing adults resulting from selfing, contrary to most tropical tree species where selfed individuals usually die before reaching adulthood. Hence, the risks of ID must be considered in the management and conservation of the species.

Published
2024
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47. Wood identification in objects of Bambuti people from the Congo in the collection of the Slovene ethnographic museum

Author

Čufar, Katarina, Beeckman, Hans, Frelih, Marko, Krže, Luka, Hubau, Wannes, and Merela, Maks

Subjects
Agriculture and Food Sciences, udc:630*811:630*176.1, muzejski predmeti, Nauclea diderichii, Nauclea diderichi, Musanga cecropioides, Autranella congolensis, Xylopia, Afrika, Alstonia sp, Xylopia sp, Africa, museum objects, wood identification, identifikacija lesa, Alstonia
Abstract

The African collection of the Slovene Ethnographic Museum (SEM) in Ljubljana, Slovenia, holds objects of everyday life from the Bambuti people from the Ituri forest, in the northeastern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The items were collected by the anthropologist Paul Joachim Schebesta, possibly during his expeditions around 1930. The objects containing wood were selected for wood identification by using microscopic wood identification, with the help of the InsideWood database and reference samples from the xylarium of the Royal Museum for Central Africa in Tervuren, Belgium. The investigated musical instrument, a wooden zither, was made of wood of Musanga cecropioides, the handle of the shield of Alstonia sp., the dagger and sheath of Autranella congolensis or another high density species of Sapotaceae, and the crossbow of Nauclea diderichii (bow) and Xylopia sp. (stock). Wood identification helped us to gain additional information on the origin, knowledge of wood, and time of the collection of objects in the Congo. Afriška zbirka Slovenskega etnografskega muzeja (SEM) v Ljubljani hrani predmete iz vsakdanjega življenja ljudstva Bambuti iz gozda Ituri, na severovzhodu Demokratične republike Kongo. Predmete je zbral antropolog Paul Joachim Schebesta med svojimi odpravami verjetno okoli leta 1930. Predmeti, ki so vsebovali adultni les, so bili izbrani za raziskavo in mikroskopsko identifikacijo lesa s podporo platforme InsideWood ter referenčne zbirke lesa Kraljevega muzeja za Srednjo Afriko v Tervurnu v Belgiji. Raziskano glasbilo (lesene citre) je bilo izdelano iz lesa vrste Musanga cecropioides, ročaj ščita iz vrste Alstonia sp., nožnica in bodalo iz Autranella congolensis ali sorodne vrste z visoko gostoto iz družine Sapotaceae, samostrel pa iz Nauclea diderichii (lok) in Xylopia sp. (ročaj). Identifikacija lesa je ponudila dodatne informacije o izvoru, poznavanju lesa in času zbiranja predmetov v Kongu.

Published
2023

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