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Genus Tatera is comprised of 12 species, but only one species, Tatera indica, exists in Asia. T. indica is considered an agricultural pest and host of a few zoonotic diseases. However, the data on morphological characteristics are published, but the aspect of molecular characterization is lacking to confirm the status of subspecies in most of the Asian countries including Pakistan. Therefore, the present study is the first study on morphological and molecular characterization of T. indica to get a phylogenetic relationship with the population of T. indica in Pakistan. Almost all the morphometric, cranial, and dental values of T. indica were lower in the present study as compared to the specimen from Iran, Syria, and Turkey. The molecular analysis indicated the presence of sub-species of T. indica. Interestingly, the cytochrome b gene sequence showed more resemblance to the Iranian rat than the previously reported sequence of a Pakistani T. indica. Iran shares a border with Pakistan, and migration between the two countries could be a possible reason. The resembling morphometric data on Iranian rats also explain this phenomenon. The present study found, although minor, evidence of the presence of sub-species even within Pakistan. Unfortunately, the previously submitted sequence from Pakistan was not supplemented with morphometric data and the exact capturing site of the rat. Therefore, further molecular and morphometric data from other regions are required to confirm the presence of sub-species.

We present the case of a 65-year-old man who was referred to the old-age department of our psychiatric hospital because of a depressed mood and inactivity. During his stay he exhibited a variety of peculiar visual perceptions and bodily experiences. We concluded that he suffered from a severe depressive disorder, as well as from symptoms that fitted largely into the clinical pattern of the Alice in Wonderland syndrome. In this case report we discuss the symptoms, etiology, and treatment options.

We describe a 78-year old male patient with Parkinson’s disease and without a past psychiatric history, who had hallucinations and a very particular form of a delusional misidentification syndrome. His belief that he was not at home and that his home was on a different location, even in another country, is a form of 'reduplicative paramnesia'. This delusion is seen more often in association with neurodegenerative disease, for example in Parkinson’s disease. We describe the characteristics of this delusion, provide possible explanations and delineate several therapeutic options.