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4. Modelling soil organic carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas mitigation potentials in Bangladesh agriculture

Author

Begum, Khadiza, Smith, Pete, Yeluripati, Jagadeesh, and Kuhnert, Matthias

Subjects
570, Soils, Carbon sequestration, Greenhouse gases, Crop yields
Abstract

Soil organic carbon (SOC) is important not only for improving soil quality but also for contributing to climate change mitigation in agriculture. However, net greenhouse gas (GHG) balances, including methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), need to be considered, as practices that increase SOC might increase GHG emissions. Sustainable use of soil resources needs to be assessed over long time periods and across spatial scales; biogeochemical models are useful tools to estimate GHG emissions and corresponding mitigation potentials. A process-based, ecosystem model DayCent that simulates soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics from diverse agroecosystems, has been applied to observe SOC sequestration, GHG emissions and yield in a contrasting climatic region UK and Bangladesh agriculture. The study mainly focus on determination of GHG mitigation potentials under improved management practices in rice based cropland Bangladesh. We hypothesized that alternative management would increase SOC and reduce net GHG emissions. As crop yield is the most important variable for Bangladesh, it was includes in the simulations. Since site test simulations under different management using the DayCent model were satisfactory, the model was used to simulate GHG covering 64 districts of Bangladesh, considering climate, soil and SOC content for the period 1996-2015. An integrated management scenario consisting of irrigation, tillage with residue management, reduced mineral nitrogen fertilizer and manure application increased annual SOC stocks, and offset net GHG emissions while maintaining yield. The model outcome suggests that the “4 per mille” target is feasible for Bangladesh. It is also possible to contribute to the GHG reduction target by 2030 set by policy makers.

Published
2018

10. Projecting Soil C Under Future Climate and Land-Use Scenarios (Modeling)

Author

Dondini, Marta, primary, Abdalla, Mohamed, additional, Aini, Fitri K., additional, Albanito, Fabrizio, additional, Beckert, Marvin R., additional, Begum, Khadiza, additional, Brand, Alison, additional, Cheng, Kun, additional, Comeau, Louis-Pierre, additional, Jones, Edward O., additional, Farmer, Jennifer A., additional, Feliciano, Diana M.S., additional, Fitton, Nuala, additional, Hastings, Astley, additional, Henner, Dagmar N., additional, Kuhnert, Matthias, additional, Nayak, Dali R., additional, Oyesikublakemore, Joseph, additional, Phillips, Laura, additional, Richards, Mark I.A., additional, Tumwesige, Vianney, additional, van Dijk, William F.A., additional, Vetter, Sylvia H., additional, Coleman, Kevin, additional, Smith, Joanne, additional, and Smith, Pete, additional

Published
2018
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11. List of Contributors

Author

Abdalla, Mohamed, primary, Aini, Fitri K., additional, Albanito, Fabrizio, additional, Bardgett, Richard D., additional, Beckert, Marvin R., additional, Begum, Khadiza, additional, Bradford, Mark A., additional, Brand, Alison, additional, Cheng, Kun, additional, Coleman, Kevin, additional, Comeau, Louis-Pierre, additional, De Long, Jonathan R., additional, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, additional, Dondini, Marta, additional, Farmer, Jennifer A., additional, Feliciano, Diana M.S., additional, Fitton, Nuala, additional, Fry, Ellen L., additional, Hartley, Iain P., additional, Hastings, Astley, additional, Henner, Dagmar N., additional, Hicks, Lettice C., additional, Jones, Edward O., additional, Karunaratne, Senani B., additional, Kuhnert, Matthias, additional, Kunhikrishnan, Anitha, additional, Macdonald, Catriona A., additional, Nayak, Dali R., additional, Oyesikublakemore, Joseph, additional, Phillips, Laura, additional, Reay, David S., additional, Richards, Mark I.A., additional, Setia, Raj, additional, Singh, Bhupinder P., additional, Singh, Brajesh K., additional, Smith, Joanne, additional, Smith, Pete, additional, Trivedi, Pankaj, additional, Tumwesige, Vianney, additional, van Dijk, William F.A., additional, Vetter, Sylvia H., additional, Wallenstein, Matthew D., additional, Wiesmeier, Martin, additional, and Wood, Stephen A., additional

Published
2018
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12. Modeling Soil Carbon Under Diverse Cropping Systems and Farming Management in Contrasting Climatic Regions in Europe

Author

European Commission, Álvaro-Fuentes, Jorge [0000-0002-0192-7954], Begum, Khadiza, Zornoza, Raúl, Farina, Roberta, Lemola, Riitta, Álvaro-Fuentes, Jorge, Cerasuolo, Marianna, European Commission, Álvaro-Fuentes, Jorge [0000-0002-0192-7954], Begum, Khadiza, Zornoza, Raúl, Farina, Roberta, Lemola, Riitta, Álvaro-Fuentes, Jorge, and Cerasuolo, Marianna

Abstract

Sustainable agriculture has been identified as key to achieving the 2030 Agenda for the Sustainable Development Goals, which aims to end poverty and hunger and address climate change while maintaining natural resources. Soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration is a key soil function for ecosystem services, and storing carbon (C) in soil by changing traditional management practices can represent an important step toward the development of more sustainable agricultural systems in Europe. Within the European project Diverfarming, the process-based ecosystem model ECOSSE was modified and evaluated in four long-term experiments (>8 years) to assess the impact of crop diversification and agricultural management in SOC dynamics. ECOSSE was able to simulate SOC under dry conditions in Mediterranean regions in Spain and Italy. In the site of Murcia, Spain, the addition of manure and cover crop in the diversified systems produced an increase of SOC in 9 years, when compared with the conventional management (16% measured increase, 32% simulated increase). The effect of tillage management on SOC stock in dry soil, in Foggia, Italy and Huesca, Spain, was also modeled, and a positive impact on SOC was predicted when no tillage was practiced. Finally, ECOSSE was used to understand the impact of diversifications in Boreal regions, Finland, where different proportions of legumes and grass were considered in a 4-year crop rotation compared with conventional cereal rotations. Experiments and modeling showed that the loss of SOC in conventional cereal was compensated when grass was introduced in the rotations. A good agreement (NRMSE <10%) and a nonsignificant bias were observed between model and experimental data for all sites. Mitigation scenarios considered in the modeling analysis for the test site Huesca showed that an integrated management of no tillage and manure is the best strategy to increase SOC, ∼51% over 20 years, compared with the baseline scenario (current farmers practic

Published
2022

19. Molecular identification and antibiotic resistance patterns of diverse bacteria associated with shrimp PL nurseries of Bangladesh: suspecting Acinetobacter venetianus as future threat.

Author

Yasin, Abdullah, Begum, Khadiza, Eshik, Md. Mostavi Enan, Punom, Nusrat Jahan, Ahmmed, Shawon, and Rahman, Mohammad Shamsur

Subjects
DRUG resistance in bacteria, ACINETOBACTER, MICROBIAL sensitivity tests, VIBRIO alginolyticus, SHRIMPS, SHRIMP culture
Abstract

Shrimp aquaculture has been accomplished with breeding and nursing of shrimp in an artificial environment to fulfill the increasing demand of shrimp consumption worldwide. However, the microbial diseases appear as a serious problem in this industry. The study was designed to identify the diverse bacteria from shrimp PL (post-larvae) nurseries and to profile antibiotic resistance patterns. The rearing water (raw seawater, treated and outlet water) and shrimp PL were collected from eight nurseries of south-west Bangladesh. Using selective agar plates, thirty representative isolates were selected for 16S rRNA gene sequencing, antibiotic susceptibility test and MAR index calculation. Representative isolates were identified as Aeromonas caviae, Pseudomonas monteilii, Shewanella algae, Vibrio alginolyticus, V. brasiliensis, V. natriegens, V. parahaemolyticus, V. shilonii, V. xuii, Zobellella denitrificans which are Gram-negative, and Bacillus licheniformis and B. pumilus which are Grampositive. Notably, six strains identified as Acinetobacter venetianus might be a concern of risk for shrimp industry. The antibiotic resistance pattern reveals that the strain YWO8-97 (identified as P. monteilii) was resistant to all twelve antibiotics. Ceftazidime was the most powerful antibiotic since most of the studied strains were sensitive against it. The six strains of A. venetianus showed multiple antibiotic resistance patterns. MAR index were ranged from 0.08 to 1.0, and values of 26 isolates were more than 0.2 which means prior high exposure to the antibiotics. From the present study, it can be concluded that shrimp PL nurseries in southern part of Bangladesh are getting contaminated with antibiotic resistant pathogenic bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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20. Chapter 9 - Projecting Soil C Under Future Climate and Land-Use Scenarios (Modeling)

Author

Dondini, Marta, Abdalla, Mohamed, Aini, Fitri K., Albanito, Fabrizio, Beckert, Marvin R., Begum, Khadiza, Brand, Alison, Cheng, Kun, Comeau, Louis-Pierre, Jones, Edward O., Farmer, Jennifer A., Feliciano, Diana M.S., Fitton, Nuala, Hastings, Astley, Henner, Dagmar N., Kuhnert, Matthias, Nayak, Dali R., Oyesikublakemore, Joseph, Phillips, Laura, Richards, Mark I.A., Tumwesige, Vianney, van Dijk, William F.A., Vetter, Sylvia H., Coleman, Kevin, Smith, Joanne, and Smith, Pete

Published
2018
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25. Green banking: Bangladesh perspective and international experiences

Author

Begum Khadiza, Khan Touhidul Alam, Islam Rashedul, and Naim Md. Julker

Subjects
Process (engineering), Natural resource economics, business.industry, 0208 environmental biotechnology, Developing country, Climate change, 02 engineering and technology, General Medicine, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Environmentally friendly, 020801 environmental engineering, Commerce, GREEN BANKING,CLIMATE CHANGE,SUSTAINABLE,DEVELOPING COUNTRIES,BANGLADESH, Sustainable business, Air conditioning, Scale (social sciences), Carbon footprint, Economics, business, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Climate change is the most complicated issue the world is facing. Across the globe there have been continuous endeavors to measure and mitigate the risk of climate change caused by human activity. Many countries the world over have made commitments necessary to mitigate climate change. Although banks are considered environment friendly and do not impact the environment greatly through their own ‘internal’ operations, the ‘external’ impact on the environment through their customers activities is substantial. The banking sector is one of the major sources of financing industrial projects such as steel, paper, cement, chemicals, fertilizers, power, textiles, etc., which cause maximum carbon emission. Therefore, the banking sector can play an intermediary role between economic development and environmental protection, for promoting environmentally sustainable and socially responsible investment. ‘Green banking’ refers to the banking business conducted in such areas and in such a manner that helps the overall reduction of external carbon emission and internal carbon footprint. To aid the reduction of external carbon emission, banks should finance green technology and pollution reducing projects. Although, banking is never considered a polluting industry, the present scale of banking operations have considerably increased the carbon footprint of banks due to their massive use of energy ( e.g., lighting, air conditioning, electronic/electrical equipments, IT, etc), high paper wastage, lack of green buildings, etc. Therefore, banks should adopt technology, process and products which result in substantial reduction of their carbon footprint as well as develop a sustainable business.

Published
2017

33. MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF AHPND POSITIVE VIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS CAUSING AN OUTBREAK IN SOUTH-WEST SHRIMP FARMING REGIONS OF BANGLADESH.

Author

ESHIK, MOSTAVI ENAN, ABEDIN, MINHAZUL, PUNOM, NUSRAT JAHAN, BEGUM, KHADIZA, and RAHMAN, MOHAMMAD SHAMSUR

Subjects
VIBRIO parahaemolyticus, NECROSIS, DISEASE outbreaks, SHRIMPS, PANCREATIC diseases, MORTALITY
Abstract

Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) of shrimps is a bacterial disease, first appeared in China in 2009 and causes mortality up to 100% which usually occurs early (within approximately first 35 days) after stocking shrimp fry of black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon (Fabricius) and white leg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone). The purpose of this study was to isolate and identify the pathogenic strain of V. parahaemolyticus causing AHPND in cultured shrimps (P. monodon) using molecular techniques. After a disease outbreak in April 2017, shrimp samples were collected from three different locations of south-west shrimp farming region of Bangladesh viz. Satkhira, Khulna and Bagerhat districts. In this study, three selective media were used for primary isolation of V. parahaemolyticus. Among 28 primary isolates, representative14 isolates were checked for the species-specific detection of V. parahaemolyticus using ldh primers and all of them were found to be positive. The isolates were further characterized to check their AHPND positivity using AP3 and AP4 primers. Four isolates showed positive results for both AP3 and AP4 which indicated that the isolates were AHPND positive. This study also report that all AHPND positive strains showed sensitivity to the antibiotics Tetracycline and Nalidixic Acid. The results of this study will help the farmers and policy makers to make plan to protect shrimps from AHPND and thereby sustain the shrimp farming in Bangladesh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017

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