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Background - Skin being largest organ in body is frequently affected by drug reactions accounting for 2% in OPD, 10% in IPD admissions and 2-7% have serious, fatal consequences. Thus spontaneous reporting is very essential . objectives - 1.To analyze the clinical characteristics and to identify the Culprit drugs,responsible for CADRs, 2.Assess the severity, know the outcome of CADRs 3. Associate the degree of severity with different risk factors.. Methods - It was a prospective observational study was done both in the OPD and IPD of Skin and VD department of MKCG hospital, Berhampur, Odisha from September 2022 to March 2023. 82 cases of CADR of either sex of any age were included in this study. Data were collected in suspected ADRs reporting form version 1.3, PvPI .The Causality,severity assessment was done by valid scale and data were analyzed by descriptive statistics in numbers and percentages . The severe form of CADRs associated with risk factors were analyzed by Chi--square test. P value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results - CADRs had female preponderance 58.5%) and the most commonly affected age group was the elderly population ( 42.6 %) in this study. Fixed drug eruption (FDE) was most common (29.2%) type and the commonly involved culprit drugs suspected were anti-microbials (52.4%). Major CADRs belonged to probable (54%) category in Causality assessment and were of Mild (40.2 %) variety in Severity assessment. The risk factors found to be significantly associated were extreme age (> 60 years), H/O previous skin allergy, multi-medications (>2 drugs) with p=0.019*, p=0.001+, p= 0.02* respectively. Conclusions - FDE are identified as major type of cutaneous adverse drug reactions. Major Group of drugs responsible for this were found to be Antimicrobials. The severe CADRs were mostly associated with extreme age, previous allergic history and multi -medications which should be taken with caution to avoid CADRs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: - Over the past three decades, the number of patients diagnosed with psychiatric disorders has shown a rising trend. In two decades, the global number of Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) due to psychiatric conditions showed a sharp rise from 80.8 million to 125.3 million. The rapidly expanding field of psychopharmacology is challenging the traditional concepts of treatment and constantly seeking new drugs to treat psychiatric disorders. Patients receiving the drugs undergo complex regimens, which leads to drug-drug interaction [DDI]. Evidence in support of polypharmacy being beneficial is slim; rather, there is glowering and growing evidence with increased adverse effects. Objective: • To categorise potential DDI using Lexicomp® • To determine the association of potential drug-drug interaction of psychotropic drugs with psychotropic polypharmacy • To evaluate types of psychotropic polypharmacy Material and Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pharmacology in collaboration with the Department of Psychiatry, MKCG Medical College and Hospital, Odisha. Six hundred and six prescriptions were analysed. Data collected from prescriptions was compiled using standard spreadsheet software MS Excel and analysed using SPSS version 22.0. Lexicomp® was used as a vital study tool for the categorisation of potential DDI. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result: Schizophrenia (n=163) was found to be the most common diagnosis. Benzodiazepine (n=520) was commonly prescribed with atypical antipsychotics (n=463). Potential DDI was observed between clozapine with clonazepam and valproate with lorazepam with a severity rating of major. Frequent prescription of trihexyphenidyl (THP) leads to adjunctive polypharmacy. There was a significant association found between potential DDI and psychotropic polypharmacy (p=0.007). Conclusion: The prescribing of psychotropic medications and psychotropic polypharmacy has risen. Potential DDI identification, mitigation, and reduction of toxicity in patients have become a challenge. It reinforces the need for all stakeholders to participate in continuing education, utilizing tools and formularies for evidence-based and judicious prescribing. Adjuvant Polypharmacy with drugs like THP along with antipsychotics warrants further studies and, if possible, reduction and alteration. If polypharmacy cannot be averted, then switching over to rational polypharmacy is the call of the times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]