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Echocardiography is a non-invasive and gold standard imaging tool for diagnosing dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in dogs. This study aimed to compare the echocardiographic parameters between healthy and DCM-affected dogs. A total of 52 client-owned dogs, comprising 38 males and 14 females, were included. Among these, 24 dogs (46.15%) were classified as healthy controls and 28 dogs (53.85%) were part of DCM group. On breed-wise prevalence, it was reported that Labrador Retriever breeds showed a higher incidence of DCM than the others. The comparative studies of echocardiographic parameters showed that DCM-affected dogs had significantly higher values in left ventricular long axis length at -end diastole (LVLdA4C) and -end systole (LVLsA4C), end diastolic volume (EDV), end systolic volume (ESV), left atrium (LA)/aorta diameter (Ao) ratio, left ventricular internal dimension at systole (LVIDs), and end point septal separation (EPSS), as well as significantly lower values in left ventricular contractibility indices such as fractional shortening (FS) and ejection fraction (EF) compared to healthy dogs. Also, receiver operating characteristic curves were made to determine the optimal cut-off points for each echocardiographic parameterwith specificity and sensitivity fordiagnosingDCM. Significant areas under the curvewere observed for parameters such as LVIDs, EF, FS, LA/Ao, EPSS, LVLdA4C, LVLsA4C, left ventricular EDV, left ventricular ESV, and ESV for DCM-affected dogs. This cut-off value can be used as an early diagnosis of DCM through echocardiography, facilitating timely clinical interventions and managementstrategies for improved quality of life in dogs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A one and half years old male Pug dog was brought to the clinic with symptoms of inappetance, nocturnal coughing and occasional loss of consciousness since last two weeks. The c-arm revealed bronchial congestion and cardiac arrhythmia was detected in the ECG. Analysis of myocardial injury markers i.e. CKMB, LDH and SGOT levels in the serum revealed myocardial injury. The dog was treated with antibiotic Doxycycline and a corticosteroid Prednisolone. After seven days of treatment antibiotic and corticosteroid therapy were discontinued. The symptoms gradually disappeared after seven days of treatment and the Electrocardiogram was again recorded which revealed normal cardiac rhythm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides information on management of Tibiofibular fracture in Asian Elephant calf and anatomical issues in elephant bones. Topics discussed include immobilization of bone using plaster of paris (POP) cast, removal of bamboo net with indigenous medicine, and mobility minimization for healing.

The article discusses findings of a study to investigate the surgical removal of epulis tumor in the left upper gum of a mixed breed male dog. It notes that oral tumor develops in 6 percent of dogs with cases commonly found in breeds like Boxers, Golden Retrievers, and German Shepherds. It cites that the dog was administered with general anesthesia for excision of the epulis which had a size of 4 centimeters by 3 centimeters.

A Jersey cow in her fourth lactation was attended on emergency for correction of prolapsed genitalia post calving. Dirt and debris were cleaned with luke warm normal saline solution. Partially attached foetal membranes were gently detached without injury to caruncles. Under tranquilization and epidural anaesthesia using Lignocaine the prolapsed mass was completely pushed inside vulva by applying synchronous and meticulous pressure. A peri-vaginal purse string suture was placed. On 7th day it was removed and cow recovered completely without further complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A crossbred Jersey cow was presented with chronic recurrent tympany since last two months. Per-rectal examination showed distended and heavily impacted rumen. Exploratory rumenotomy was performed and around 40 kg of foreign materials including plastics, rubber materials, iron nut bolt were removed from rumen. Post-operatively antibiotics, analgesics, fluid therapy administration and regular surgical dressing was undertaken. Animal recovered uneventfully. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An uncastrated male Labrador dog was presented with progressively growing bilobed hard swelling in perianal area at dorsal aspect of anal orifice below tail. The tumor mass was surgically excised. Histopathological examination revealed islands of tumor cells separated by vascularised connective tissue stroma confirming hepatoid adenocarcinoma. The animal recovered well with no re-occurence upto one year of follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Five New Zealand rabbits were presented with history of anorexia, intense itching, erythema, dandruff and white indurated dry crust like lesions on ears, face, paws and around eyes. Skin scrapings confirmed Sarcoptes scabiei infestation. Treatment was done using combination of Ivermectin, Amitraz and Deltamethrin. Supportive therapy was continued for early recovery. Clinical and parasitological examination of rabbits on 14th day revealed marked improvement of lesion and scrapings were negative for mites. There was fast re-growth of hairs and animals regained their natural beauty within a month. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bloat/Tympanitis (accumulation of gas in the rumen) is an emergency condition of ruminants. It is mostly seen in cattle and buffaloes but less in sheep and goat. It occurs due to carbohydrate engorgement/stale food/boiled rice with sugar, non-feed materials and so on. In the city/town areas people are leaving their animals on roads during day time as semi free range system. During roaming on the road the animals use to engulf many non feed materials like gunny bag, plastic rope, polythene, metallic foreign bodies etc. In the long run due to metabolic derangement the animals use to suffer from some of the emergency conditions like tympany/bloat. In 70% of this condition the problem can be ruled out by medicinal therapies like anti-bloat agents with supportive therapies. But in rest it requires emergency evacuation of ruminal gas and expulsion of ruminal contents by performing rumenotomy. But in this case due post-operative therapies along with care and management should be taken for faster recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A two month old calf was presented with head tilt to one side. The case was diagnosed as torticollis condition. Both medicinal treatment and physiotherapy protocol was followed. Nerve stimulant drug was administered for one week and one hand made cervical collar was applied to immobilize the neck in straight condition. On 15th day the neck could be moved about 70% of normal range and after one month the torticollis disappeared completely and the calf was able to walk and graze properly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes the case of a male spotted deer (Axis axis) with injuries on both antlers and multiple wounds on its neck, hind legs and over the body which was suspected to be due to fighting among the herd. It describes the treatment of bilateral antler fracture and multiple injuries after xylazine and ketamine chemical anesthesia and recovery after 21 days for release back to the forest.

A cow aged 7 years was presented with pendulous mass hanging at posterior aspect of pole region. It was long standing, hard and non painful. The mass was excised surgically and histopathologically diagnosed as fibroma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 5 year old Labrador bitch was presented with whelping a live puppy two days back and still having discharge and straining. C-arm examination revealed that two fetuses were present inside the abdomen and thus caesarean section on an emergency basis was planned. Laparotomy was undertaken and rupture of uterus was observed. Two dead fetuses were removed through ruptured site and uterine defect was repaired. Post-operatively fluid therapy along with antibiotic, analgesic and multivitamins were administered and bitch recovered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes the case of bilateral contracted flexor tendon in a jersey calf and its surgical correction. The animal was presented with a history of flexed fetlock in both the fore limbs, difficulty in standing on hoof and bearing weight on the fetlock joint. Other topics covered including results of clinical and physical examinations and patient outcome.

The article describes the case of congenital intestinal prolapse through the defect in umbilicus of a calf and its surgical correction. It is noted that defect resulting from faulty closure of abdominal wall along its ventral midline called eventration of abdominal viscera occurred more often in the females than the males. Other topics covered include the medical history of the animal, clinical findings and patient outcome.

A doe was presented with restricted milk flow in both teats. Milking was painful and symptoms were observed just after kidding. Single sphincterostomy was done and found successful for treatment of constricted teat sphincter causing hard milking in doe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A dalmatian dog was presented with complaint of soft swelling on ventro-lateral aspect of chest close to elbow joint. Fine needle aspiration biopsy revealed presence of oily material and fat cells. The tumourous mass was surgically removed and histopathological examination confirmed lipoma. The dog recovered uneventfully with no recurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study of a 6-year-old Boxer bitch with complaint of dystocia. It states that the C-arm examination showed that the two dead puppies remains in the uterus so it was prepared for emergency caesarean section. It also mentions that the frequency of dystocia in Boxer bitch was higher than the average dog population due to uterine inertia.

The article describes the case of successful treatment of inter digital chronic ulcerative wound in a six-year old cross-bred Jersey cow with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy. Topics covered include the formation of new capillaries and collagen after stem cell transplantation, pain-free walking of the cow after treatment and the confirmation of the effectiveness of stem cell transplantation for chronic non-healing wound in bovine.

One two months old calf was presented with history of abnormal growth with profuse continuous lachrimation from both eyes since birth. On examination, it was diagnosed as bilateral ocular dermoid and advised surgical correction. Dermoids were excised carefully by superficial lamellar keratectomy. The patient recovered uneventfully and showed no reocurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the case of canine transmissible venereal tumour (CTVT) associated with vegetative cauliflower like growth and treated by surgical correction with chemotherapy. The 3 year old non-descriptive castrated male dog weighing 17 kg body weight was presented at Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex complaining of straining during urination, dribbling of urine with serosanguineous discharge and swelling of the prepucial sheath. The dog was prepared for surgical excision.

Aim: The study was conducted to reveal the efficacy of Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) based therapy in healing of chronic non-healing and ulcerative wound in bovine species. Materials and Methods: One 2 years old Jersey heifer affected with chronic ulcerative wound involving full thickness skin and under lying muscle at dorsal side of lumbar region since four months at the time of presentation. Bone marrow was collected from tibia, cultured and grown and after achievement of optimum confluence it was applied at the site. Different parameters of clinical, physiological, haematological, biochemical, histochemical, histological, tensile strength and photographic evaluations were done during the study period. Results: The estimated values of above mentioned parameters on zero day and after healing (18 days) showed significant difference (P<0.05) in relation to collagen content, tensile strength and physical characteristics of wound like extent of wound, size of wound, type of exudates and photography. But clinical, haematological and biochemical data showed no significant difference. Conclusion: The BM-MSCs were the main pioneers to bring the chronic ulcerative wound towards healing. The procedure is simple, safe and effective in bringing out healing without showing any adverse effect on host. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]