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The electrical and thermal properties of composite cathode materials Pr1−xSrxFe1−yCoyO3 (x= 0.3,0.4; y = 0.2): GDC and La2Ni1-xCoxO4+δ (x= 0.2): GDC for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) were investigated. As the second component of the composites, GDC electrolyte was chosen. The reason for this choice is that GDC has greater chemical inertness in relation to cathode materials compared to YSZ. Additionally, GDC is characterized by higher ionic conductivity, which makes it preferable for use in composites. The sintering kinetics of composite materials differs significantly from that of pure cathode materials, with the sintering temperature being several degrees lower for composite materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global imperative to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and phase out fossil fuels has prompted hydrogen to emerge as a critical player in the transition to sustainable energy systems and eco-friendly transport solutions. This study endeavors to examine innovative technologies for hydrogen production and storage, with the objective of overcoming the obstacles that impede their widespread adoption. The integration of hydrogen with renewable energy sources is one of the methods that have been investigated. Specifically, the effectiveness of coupling hydrogen fuel cells with wind or solar power systems has been examined in order to ensure a reliable energy supply and improve grid stability. The results of this study present innovative methods for mass hydrogen production, including electrolysis of water and advanced techniques for extracting hydrogen from fossil fuels while minimizing environmental impact. Additionally, this study evaluates strategies for underground hydrogen storage, considering local geological conditions to optimize storage efficiency and safety. The findings indicate that salt caverns offer a secure and stable hydrogen containment system and have a high storage efficiency of up to 90%. The evaluation of depleted gas fields demonstrated promising results in terms of sealing integrity and storage efficiency (88%). The outcomes provide insights into the feasibility of large-scale hydrogen generation and storage, offering valuable guidance for future energy solutions dependent on hydrogen in diverse geographic contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The demand for energy has increased tremendously around the whole world due to rapid urbanization and booming industrialization. Energy is the major key to achieving an improved social life, but energy production and utilization processes are the main contributors to environmental pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. Mitigation of the energy crisis and reduction in pollution (water and air) difficulties are the leading research topics nowadays. Carbonaceous materials offer some of the best solutions to minimize these problems in an easy and effective way. It is also advantageous that the sources of carbon-based materials are economical, the synthesis processes are comfortable, and the applications are environmentally friendly. Among carbonaceous materials, activated carbons, graphene, and carbon nanotubes have shown outstanding performance in mitigating the energy crisis and environmental pollution. These three carbonaceous materials exhibit unique adsorption properties for energy storage, water purification, and gas cleansing due to their outstanding electrical conductivity, large specific surface areas, and strong mechanical strength. This paper reviews the synthesis methods for activated carbons, carbon nanotubes, and graphene and their significant applications in energy storage, water treatment, and carbon dioxide gas capture to improve environmental sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]