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The paper presents the results of testing of seed germination and initial growth of seedlings of four sunflower hybrids: 2950, 2951, 3007, 3009) at different temperatures: 20° C, 25°C, 30°C. In all hybrids tested, the highest germination of sunflower seeds was achieved at a temperature of 30° C; however, in two tested hybrids (2950 and 3007) no significant difference (p ≥ 0.05) was found between germination at a temperature of 30° C and 25° C. Correlation interdependence between germination and stem growth was positive and statistically significant (r=0.576p ≤ 0.05), while a positive but not statistically significant interdependence was also determined between germination and radicle growth (r=0.252p ≥ 0.05).

A species called Festulolium was created in the middle of the last century by crossing two genuses: Lolium and Festuca. This was followed by a period of research on Festulolium from the aspect of genetics and breeding, seed production, cultivation, technology and use. We conducted various pre-treatment impact studies on Festulolium seeds: i) cooling at 5-7 o C for 3 days, ii) application of KNO3 on seed germination medium, and the third pre-treatment was control, without pre-treatment (iii). After pre-treatment (i, ii, iii), seed germination have examined at the following temperature regimes (provided by the seed quality regulations): 20 o C (dark); alternately 20o C/ 30o C (light /dark); and 30 o C (dark). The tests were performed on four seed lots of the variety Peron, in four replicates. The germination temperature of 30 o C reduced germination and increased dead seed and abnormal germination in all pre-treatments. The variant without the application of pre-treatment had a significantly lower overall germination in the assessment of Festulolium seed quality. Seed lots showed a high influence on the Festulolium seed quality.

Timothy grass is a fodder grass mostly grown as a pure stand or in mixed stands with fodder legumes at higher elevations. It is cultivated for its high yields and the supreme quality of roughage containing Timothy grass. There are different methods for preserving the seed quality of fodder grasses relative to the following parameters: species, variety, harvest methods, postharvest treatments, as well as the storage temperature and air humidity. Poor seed germination is often caused by the presence of dormant seeds which fail to germinate despite ideal conditions in the field or laboratory. After a certain storage period, dormant seeds start germinating, but prolonged storage periods result in seed aging which is associated with reductions in seed germination, seedling growth and the total mass of the root system. The seed quality features of four Timothy grass seed lots (the 'Foka' cultivar), at ages of 3, 15 and 27 months, were examined in this study according to the share of dormant, germinated and dead seeds, as well as abnormal seedlings. Upon assessing seed germination, the stem length (cm), radicle length (cm) and fresh weight (g) of seedlings were measured. Different seed lots were found to exert no effect on the seed quality parameters examined and the growth of seedlings. Conversely, the seed age had a significant impact (P

The goal of this paper was to determine the yield of different maize hybrids depending on soil type and compaction. The experiment was carried out in 2016 and 2017 on the territory of the Leskovac municipality, including three different soil types (alluvium, vertisol, and parapodzol). The experiment comprised nine hybrids of different FAO maturity groups (NS 4051, AGR DIAN, ZP 427, NS 5211, ZP 555, AS 534, NS 6030, ZP 666 and Bećar). The highest average yields were achieved on alluvium, then on parapodzol, and the lowest yields were obtained on vertisol. The highest average yields on all examined soil types were achieved in the FAO 500 maturity group, and the lowest in the FAO 400 maturity group. The highest average yield on vertisol was achieved in the FAO 500 maturity group, on parapodzol in the FAO 400 maturity group, and on alluvium in the FAO 600 maturity group. The highest average yield (11.90 t ha-1) was achieved with the ZP 666 hybrid on alluvium, and the lowest (4.60 t ha-1) with the NS 6030 hybrid on vertisol. The largest soil compaction in the ploughing layer was determined in vertisol, then in parapodzol, and the smallest in alluvium. These data on average yields indicate the convenience of certain soil types for maize production, and provide guidelines for growers to select the most yielding hybrids for their fields.

The aim of this study was to examine the impact of the application of mineral fertilizers with a high content of phosphorus and potassium on the productive characteristics of some small grains grown on pseudogley soils. The research was carried out in the vicinity of Kraljevo during the period 2011/2013. The experiment included wheat, winter barley and triticale and 3 variants of fertilizers (K − control; V1 − N80 P60 K60; V2 − N80 P80 K80 and V3 − N80 P100 K100). In addition to grain yield, absolute mass and hectoliter mass were observed. The obtained results were analyzed using the analysis of variance. There were no significant differences in yield, absolute mass and hectoliter mass of the grain between small grains. The use of fertilizers with an increased content of phosphorus and potassium led to a significant increase in grain yield, absolute mass and hectoliter mass of small grains compared to control. Among the variants V1 and V2, and V2 and V3 variants, there were no statistically significant differences in the absolute mass and hectoliter mass of the grain. The average values of grain yield of small grains ranged from 1510 kg ha-1 in the control variant up to 3209 kg ha-1 in the variant with the highest dose of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. Significant differences in grain yield were observed between the variants V1 and V2, as well as between the variants V2 and V3. The application of only mineral fertilizers on acid soils leads to relatively low yields. [Project of the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Grant no. TR-31054: Razvoj novih tehnologija gajenja strnih žita na kiselim zemljištima, koristeći savremene biotehnologije]

The paper presents the results of tests of Novi Sad eight wheat varieties (NS 40S, Zvezdana, Janja, Cipovka, Rapsodija, Pobeda, Simonida, Renesansa) threshing on small experimental plots. The process of threshing is an integral part of the harvesting wheat seed, and was conducted at the experimental plots immediately after the manual cutting of the crop. In examining for each variety were determined following qualitative traits: seed moisture, 1000 grain weight, test weight, germination energy and germination. The absolute seed mass was 38.2 g, the variety Pobeda to 45.4 g in the cultivar NS 40S, while the average value of absolute weight for all varieties amounted to 42.3 g The test weight was 81.6 kg hl-1 with varieties servedin a loaf, and 88.7 kg hl-1 was the cultivar Zvezdan. The average value of test weight for all varieties was 84.8 kg hl-1. Seed varieties Rapsodija had the lowest germination energy by 88% and wheat seed varieties Zvezdan, servedin a loaf and Simonides had the energy germination of 90%. The biggest energy germination of 92% had a seed varieties NS 40S and Pobeda. Germination ranged from 89% in Renesansa to 94% for the varieties servedin a loaf, Rapsodija and Pobeda. The average germination amounted to 92.0%. Samples were taken in the process of threshing wheat in the experimental fields, and then in the laboratory of the Institute of Forage Crops in Krusevac-Globoder subsequently allocated for each variety clean and broken seeds, other types of inert matter and weeds.

Under agro-environmental conditions of Southern Serbia, the research was conducted over a three-year period to evaluate the effect of row spacing on seed yield, yield components and seed quality of alfalfa cv. 'K-23'. The average seed yield of alfalfa was highest at a row spacing of 40 cm (271.7 kg ha-1), followed by row spacing of 20 cm (249.4 kg ha-1) and 60 cm (244.0 kg ha-1). The highest and lowest number of inflorescences per stem were obtained in rows spaced 60 cm (13.37 inflorescences/stem) and 20 cm apart (8.57 inflorescences/stem), respectively. The widest row spacing of 60 cm (7.15 pods / inflorescence) resulted in the highest number of pods per inflorescence, whereas the lowest number was produced at 20 cm spacing (5.50 pods / inflorescence). Grain number per pod ranged from 3.55 (at 20 cm row spacing) to 4.05 (at 60 cm). The highest quality of alfalfa seed during the three years of the research was obtained at the widest row spacing (60 cm). Thousand-seed weight was highest at 60 cm and lowest at 20 cm (1.97 g and 2.07 g, respectively). The highest average values for seed germination rate were reported for 60 cm row spacing (88.00%) and the lowest for 20 cm row spacing (85.76 %).

Cocksfoot is one of the most important forage grasses, with specific reference to arid conditions. It is mainly used as a component for the preparation of grass-legume forage mixtures. One of the major problems in the production of grass seed is seed dispersal and loss of some yeld. However, harvesting can be done before the stage of technological maturity of seeds where the losses are reduced but, the quality of the seed may be a problem in this case. On the other hand immediately after harvesting, as well as a period of time after harvesting the seed, the grass is characterized by the presence of dormant seeds. Seed dormancy can be decreased with optimum temperature and moisture during the air seed drying. The harvested seed had the moisture content from 20% to 35%. Then the seeds are dried at temperatures of 90oC, 80oC, 70oC, 60oC, 50oC, 40oC, 30oC and at all temperatures the seeds exhibited 90, 60, 30 minutes. In laboratory conditions, seed germination (%), dormant seed are determined in six genotypes. Selection of the optimal temperature and drying time can significantly effect on the increase in seed germination of both seed moisture. Genotypes with high moisture according to the germination, showed low variability (moisture content was 20% and CV ranged from 2.0 to 4.1%; moisture content was 35% and CV ranged from 1.8 to 3.9%).

The paper presents the results of two years of research conducted in eastern Serbia (2007-2008). Tests were conducted with domestic varieties K-14, which was developed at the Institute for Forage Crops, Krusevac. At two different densities B1 (the inter-row distance of 12.5 cm and 15 kg ha-1 seed) and B2 (25 cm row spacing and 7.5 kg ha-1 seed) following components of yield were observed: plant height (cm), number of generative stems, inflorescence length (cm), number of branches in umbel; seed yield (kg ha-1) The following parameters of seed quality were: 1000 seed weight (g), germination energy (%), germination of seeds (%). Interdependence of the traits was determined by simple correlation coefficients (r). The highest seed yield was recorded in density B2. Variability of seed yield was high (CV = 49.9%), because influence of year and plant density. Seed yield achieved the strongest positive correlation (p ≤ 0.01), with generative stems (r=0.994). Also strong dependence was found between plant height and number of generative stems (r=0.977).

The study of tall fescue seed yield from different interrow spacing and application of fertilizer were conducted in agroecological conditions on vertisol of Serbia. The two-year period results were analyzed. For two interrow spacing used (12,5 cm with 30 kgha-1 the sowing amount of seeds, and 25 cm with 15 kgha-1 sowing amount of seeds), and quantity and time of mineral fertilizer applied (control-without application of mineral fertilizer; N60 : P60 : K60 kgha-1 applied in the fall, N90 : P60 : K60 kgha-1 applied in the fall, N60 : P60 : K60 kgha-1 applied in early spring; N90 : P60 : K60 kgha-1 applied in early spring ), an average seed yield of tall fescue was 579 kgha-1. The highest yield was achieved using 25 cm of interrow spacing and the application of N90 : P60 : K60 fertilizer in the early spring (632 kgha-1). The lowest yield was achieved using 12,5 cm of interrow spacing and without mineral fertilizer application (381 kgha-1). In contrast to highly significant impact on tall fescue seed yield examined, interrow spacing and the application of mineral fertilizer did not show significant effect on germination energy and total germinability. Although the impact of interrow spacing on the 1000 seeds mass appeared significant, application of mineral fertilizer did not. Seed yield showed a very strong positive correlation with the 1000 seeds mass (r = 0,785), as well as strong and also positive correlation with germination energy and germinability (r = 0,752 and r = 0,611, respectively). .

An experimental study, aimed to establish the effect of inter-row distance and environmental conditions on alfalfa seed yield was carried out at the location "Ledena stena", in a suburb of Nis, in the period of 2001-2003. The three sowing modes were studied, with inter-row distances of 20 cm, 40 cm, and 60 cm. Seven alfalfa cultivars were involved in the study as follows: NS-Banat ZMS II, NS-Slavija, NS-Novosadjanka H-11, and NS-Tisa, created in the Institute for Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad; K-23 and K-28 created in the Center for Forage Crops, Krusevac; as well as Zajecarska 83 created in the Center for Agricultural and Technological Research, Zajecar. A significant effect on seed yield was also shown by sowing mode, so the highest seed yield was reached with the inter-row distance of 40 cm (297.39 kg ha-1), and the lowest one with the distance of 60 cm (256.09 kg ha-1). Annual weather conditions had a significant effect on seed yield. So seed yield ranged by year from 155.2 - 426.5 kg ha-1. The effect of genotype on seed yield was also significant, so the best yielding cultivars were Zajecarska 83 (302.5 kg ha-1) and K-28 (296.1 kg ha-1), and the worst yielding ones were K-23 (250.0 kg ha-1) and NS-Tisa (257.3 kg ha-1). .

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade is the property of University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade is the property of University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The experimental study dealing with the effect of environmental conditions on alfalfa seed shooting energy and potential was carried out at the location "Ledena Stena", Ni&scron;, in the period 2001-2003. Inter-row distances were 20 cm, 40 cm, and 60 cm. Seven Serbian alfalfa cultivars were studied as follows: NS-Banat ZMS II, NS-Slavija, NS-Novosađanka H-11, and NS-Tisa, all of them created in the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, as well as K-23 and K-28, created in the Centre of Forage Crops, Kruševac, and Zaječarska 83, created in the Department of Agriculture, Zaječar. The average shooting energy in 2001 and 2002 (85.06%) was pretty high, as well as seed shooting potential (91.01%), whereas in 2003 the average shooting energy was 71.76% and seed shooting potential 81.17%, which pointed out to a great influence of vegetation environmental conditions. Inter-row distance also showed a significant effect, so at the inter-row distance of 60 cm shooting energy and potential were regularly higher (81.88% and 88.86%, respectively). Depressing inter-row distance decreased seed shooting energy and potential, so at the inter-row distance of 20 cm the lowest shooting energy and potential were observed (79.13% and 86.23%, respectively). The highest shooting energy and potential was shown by the cultivar NS-Banat ZMS II (82.60% and 90.03%, respectively), and the lowest shooting energy by the cultivar NS-Slavija (77.70%), and shooting potential by NS-Novosađanka H-11 (85.33%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zbornik Radova - A Periodical of Scientific Research on Field & Vegetable Crops is the property of Institute of Field & Vegetable Crops and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)