49 results on '"Belant, J. L."'
Search Results
2. Energy landscapes of Kodiak brown bears: a comparison of accelerometer and global positioning system-derived estimates
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Finnegan, S. P., Pagano, A. M., Svoboda, N. J., Schooler, S. L., and Belant, J. L.
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- 2023
- Full Text
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3. Distribution model transferability for a wide-ranging species, the Gray Wolf
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Gantchoff, M. G., Beyer, Jr, D. E., Erb, J. D., MacFarland, D. M., Norton, D. C., Roell, B. J., Price Tack, J. L., and Belant, J. L.
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- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Variable intraspecific space use supports optimality in an apex predator
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Finnegan, S. P., Svoboda, N. J., Fowler, N. L., Schooler, S. L., and Belant, J. L.
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- 2021
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- View/download PDF
5. Mortality of a large wide-ranging mammal largely caused by anthropogenic activities
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Gantchoff, M. G., Hill, J. E., Kellner, K. F., Fowler, N. L., Petroelje, T. R., Conlee, L., Beyer, Jr., D. E., and Belant, J. L.
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- 2020
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6. Additional file 1 of Energy landscapes of Kodiak brown bears: a comparison of accelerometer and global positioning system-derived estimates
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Finnegan, S. P., Pagano, A. M., Svoboda, N. J., Schooler, S. L., and Belant, J. L.
- Abstract
Additional file 1: Table S1. List of 11 a priori models and a null model to assess the influence of internal (reproductive status, age and movement rate), spatial (Terrain roughness, distance from nearest salmon spawning streams), and temporal (food abundance period and temperature) factors on brown bear GPS-derived movement-based energetic expenditure, on the Kodiak Archipelago, Alaska, USA, September 2019–November 2020. Table S2. Average hourly energetic expenditure (J kg−1 m−1) from global position system (GPS) and accelerometer (ACC)-derived estimates for eight brown bears (F = female, FY = female with young, M = male) on the Kodiak Archipelago, Alaska, USA, September 2019–November 2020. (N = number of hourly locations).
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- 2023
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7. <scp>SNAPSHOT USA</scp> 2020: A second coordinated national camera trap survey of the United States during the <scp>COVID</scp> ‐19 pandemic
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Kays R., Cove M. V., Diaz J., Todd K., Bresnan C., Snider M., Lee T. E., Jasper J. G., Douglas B., Crupi A. P., Weiss K. C. B., Rowe H., Sprague T., Schipper J., Lepczyk C. A., Fantle-Lepczyk J. E., Davenport J., Zimova M., Farris Z., Williamson J., Fisher-Reid M. C., Rezendes D., King S. M., Chrysafis P., Jensen A. J., Jachowski D. S., King K. C., Herrera D. J., Moore S., van der Merwe M., Lombardi J. V., Sergeyev M., Tewes M. E., Horan R. V., Rentz M. S., Driver A., Brandt L. R. S. E., Nagy C., Alexander P., Maher S. P., Darracq A. K., Barr E. G., Hess G., Webb S. L., Proctor M. D., Vanek J. P., Lafferty D. J. R., Hubbard T., Jimenez J. E., McCain C., Favreau J., Fogarty J., Hill J., Hammerich S., Gray M., Rega-Brodsky C. C., Durbin C., Flaherty E. A., Brooke J., Coster S. S., Lathrop R. G., Russell K., Bogan D. A., Shamon H., Rooney B., Rockhill A., Lonsinger R. C., O'Mara M. T., Compton J. A., Barthelmess E. L., Andy K. E., Belant J. L., Petroelje T., Wehr N. H., Beyer D. E., Scognamillo D. G., Schalk C., Day K., Ellison C. N., Ruthven C., Nunley B., Fritts S., Whittier C. A., Neiswenter S. A., Pelletier R., DeGregorio B. A., Kuprewicz E. K., Davis M. L., Baruzzi C., Lashley M. A., McDonald B., Mason D., Risch D. R., Allen M. L., Whipple L. S., Sperry J. H., Alexander E., Wolff P. J., Hagen R. H., Mortelliti A., Bolinjcar A., Wilson A. M., Van Norman S., Powell C., Coletto H., Schauss M., Bontrager H., Beasley J., Ellis-Felege S. N., Wehr S. R., Giery S. T., Pekins C. E., LaRose S. H., Revord R. S., Hansen C. P., Hansen L., Millspaugh J. J., Zorn A., Gerber B. D., Rezendes K., Adley J., Sevin J., Green A. M., Sekercioglu C. H., Pendergast M. E., Mullen K., Bird T., Edelman A. J., Romero A., O'Neill B. J., Schmitz N., Vandermus R. A., Alston J. M., Kuhn K. M., Hasstedt S. C., Lesmeister D. B., Appel C. L., Rota C., Stenglein J. L., Anhalt-Depies C., Nelson C. L., Long R. A., Remine K. R., Jordan M. J., Elbroch L. M., Bergman D., Cendejas-Zarelli S., Sager-Fradkin K., Conner M., Morris G., Parsons E., Hernandez-Yanez H., McShea W. J., Kays, R., Cove, M. V., Diaz, J., Todd, K., Bresnan, C., Snider, M., Lee, T. E., Jasper, J. G., Douglas, B., Crupi, A. P., Weiss, K. C. B., Rowe, H., Sprague, T., Schipper, J., Lepczyk, C. A., Fantle-Lepczyk, J. E., Davenport, J., Zimova, M., Farris, Z., Williamson, J., Fisher-Reid, M. C., Rezendes, D., King, S. M., Chrysafis, P., Jensen, A. J., Jachowski, D. S., King, K. C., Herrera, D. J., Moore, S., van der Merwe, M., Lombardi, J. V., Sergeyev, M., Tewes, M. E., Horan, R. V., Rentz, M. S., Driver, A., Brandt, L. R. S. E., Nagy, C., Alexander, P., Maher, S. P., Darracq, A. K., Barr, E. G., Hess, G., Webb, S. L., Proctor, M. D., Vanek, J. P., Lafferty, D. J. R., Hubbard, T., Jimenez, J. E., Mccain, C., Favreau, J., Fogarty, J., Hill, J., Hammerich, S., Gray, M., Rega-Brodsky, C. C., Durbin, C., Flaherty, E. A., Brooke, J., Coster, S. S., Lathrop, R. G., Russell, K., Bogan, D. A., Shamon, H., Rooney, B., Rockhill, A., Lonsinger, R. C., O'Mara, M. T., Compton, J. A., Barthelmess, E. L., Andy, K. E., Belant, J. L., Petroelje, T., Wehr, N. H., Beyer, D. E., Scognamillo, D. G., Schalk, C., Day, K., Ellison, C. N., Ruthven, C., Nunley, B., Fritts, S., Whittier, C. A., Neiswenter, S. A., Pelletier, R., Degregorio, B. A., Kuprewicz, E. K., Davis, M. L., Baruzzi, C., Lashley, M. A., Mcdonald, B., Mason, D., Risch, D. R., Allen, M. L., Whipple, L. S., Sperry, J. H., Alexander, E., Wolff, P. J., Hagen, R. H., Mortelliti, A., Bolinjcar, A., Wilson, A. M., Van Norman, S., Powell, C., Coletto, H., Schauss, M., Bontrager, H., Beasley, J., Ellis-Felege, S. N., Wehr, S. R., Giery, S. T., Pekins, C. E., Larose, S. H., Revord, R. S., Hansen, C. P., Hansen, L., Millspaugh, J. J., Zorn, A., Gerber, B. D., Rezendes, K., Adley, J., Sevin, J., Green, A. M., Sekercioglu, C. H., Pendergast, M. E., Mullen, K., Bird, T., Edelman, A. J., Romero, A., O'Neill, B. J., Schmitz, N., Vandermus, R. A., Alston, J. M., Kuhn, K. M., Hasstedt, S. C., Lesmeister, D. B., Appel, C. L., Rota, C., Stenglein, J. L., Anhalt-Depies, C., Nelson, C. L., Long, R. A., Remine, K. R., Jordan, M. J., Elbroch, L. M., Bergman, D., Cendejas-Zarelli, S., Sager-Fradkin, K., Conner, M., Morris, G., Parsons, E., Hernandez-Yanez, H., and Mcshea, W. J.
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United State ,Carnivora ,Wild ,mammal ,Animals, Wild ,Didelphimorphia ,species distribution modeling ,Birds ,Bird ,camera traps ,biodiversity ,biogeography ,Cetartiodactyla ,Lagomorpha ,mammals ,occupancy modeling ,Animals ,Humans ,Mammals ,Pandemics ,United States ,COVID-19 ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Pandemic ,camera trap ,Animal ,Human - Abstract
Managing wildlife populations in the face of global change requires regular data on the abundance and distribution of wild animals, but acquiring these over appropriate spatial scales in a sustainable way has proven challenging. Here we present the data from Snapshot USA 2020, a second annual national mammal survey of the USA. This project involved 152 scientists setting camera traps in a standardized protocol at 1485 locations across 103 arrays in 43 states for a total of 52,710 trap-nights of survey effort. Most (58) of these arrays were also sampled during the same months (September and October) in 2019, providing a direct comparison of animal populations in 2 years that includes data from both during and before the COVID-19 pandemic. All data were managed by the eMammal system, with all species identifications checked by at least two reviewers. In total, we recorded 117,415 detections of 78 species of wild mammals, 9236 detections of at least 43 species of birds, 15,851 detections of six domestic animals and 23,825 detections of humans or their vehicles. Spatial differences across arrays explained more variation in the relative abundance than temporal variation across years for all 38 species modeled, although there are examples of significant site-level differences among years for many species. Temporal results show how species allocate their time and can be used to study species interactions, including between humans and wildlife. These data provide a snapshot of the mammal community of the USA for 2020 and will be useful for exploring the drivers of spatial and temporal changes in relative abundance and distribution, and the impacts of species interactions on daily activity patterns. There are no copyright restrictions, and please cite this paper when using these data, or a subset of these data, for publication.
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- 2022
8. Energy landscapes of Kodiak brown bears: A comparison of accelerometer and global positioning system derived estimates
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Finnegan, S. P., primary, Pagano, A. M., additional, Svoboda, N. J., additional, Schooler, S. L., additional, and Belant, J. L., additional
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- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Variable Intraspecific Space Use Supports Optimality in an Apex Predator
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Finnegan, S. P., primary, Svoboda, N. J., additional, Fowler, N. L., additional, Schooler, S. L., additional, and Belant, J. L., additional
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- 2021
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10. The Effect of Vehicle Traffic on Wildlife in Denali National Park
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Burson, S. L., Belant, J. L., Fortier, K. A., and III, W. C. Tomkiewicz
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- 2000
11. Moving in the Anthropocene: Global reductions in terrestrial mammalian movements
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Tucker, M A, Bohning-Gaese, K, Fagan, W F, Fryxell, J M, Van Moorter, B, Alberts, S C, Ali, A H, Allen, A M, Attias, N, Avgar, T, Bartlam-Brooks, H L A, Bayarbaatar, B, Belant, J L, Bertassoni, A, Beyer, D, Bidner, L, Van Beest, F M, Blake, S, Blaum, N, Bracis, C, Brown, D, De Bruyn, P J N, Cagnacci, F, Calabrese, J M, Camilo-Alves, C, Chamaille-Jammes, S, Chiaradia, A, Davidson, S C, Dennis, T, DeStefano, S, Diefenbach, D, Douglas-Hamilton, I, Fennessy, J, Fichtel, C F, Fiedler, W, Fischer, C, Fischhoff, I, Fleming, C H, Ford, A T, Fritz, S A, Gehr, B, Goheen, J R, Gurarie, E, Hebblewhite, M, Heurich, M, Hewison, A J M, Hof, C, Hurme, E, Isbell, L A, Janssen, R, Jeltsch, F, Kaczensky, P, Kane, A, Kappeler, P M, and Kauffman, M
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- 2018
12. Reproductive class influences risk tolerance during denning and spring for American black bears ( Ursus americanus )
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Gantchoff, M. G., primary, Beyer, D., additional, and Belant, J. L., additional
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- 2019
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13. Body size and lean mass of brown bears across and within four diverse ecosystems
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Hilderbrand, G. V., primary, Gustine, D. D., additional, Mangipane, B. A., additional, Joly, K., additional, Leacock, W., additional, Mangipane, L. S., additional, Erlenbach, J., additional, Sorum, M. S., additional, Cameron, M. D., additional, Belant, J. L., additional, and Cambier, T., additional
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- 2018
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14. UPDATING SPATIAL INFORMATION OF 27 MAMMAL SPECIES IN NEPAL.
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Katuwal, H. B., Sharma, H. P., Shaner, P. J. L., Gurung, R., Thapa, V., Magar, T. G., Gurung, T. B., Parajuli, K., Gurung, M. B., Basnet, H., Koirala, S., Ghimire, M. S., Yadav, S., Belant, J. L., and Shah, K.
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CLIMATE change ,MAMMAL ecology ,SPECIES distribution ,WILDLIFE conservation ,ANIMAL species - Abstract
Information on species distribution range is a prerequisite for setting conservation strategies. Conservation efforts in Nepal have been focused on flagship species, such as Bengal Tiger (Panthera tigris), Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus) and Greater One-horned Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis). By contrast, distribution data and conservation efforts for other mammalian species are scarce. Here we documented the spatial locations of 27 mammal species based on direct sightings and photographic evidence from 70 m to 4,800 m of elevation across Nepal. We mapped their geographic distributions, delineated their elevation ranges and summarized the potential threats within their distribution ranges. We observed expanded elevation range for c. 30% of the 27 species (8 species), with the most noticeable upward expansion of the Common Palm Civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus) from <1,500 m to 2,990 m, and downward expansion of the Fawn-colored Mouse (Mus cervicolor) from >1,150 m to 200 m. These updated, high-quality spatial information on a subset of Nepal’s diverse mammalian fauna, highlight new opportunities to study the effects of climate change on mammals in the Himalayan region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
15. Patterns of coexistence between two mesocarnivores in northern Patagonia in the presence of invasive hares and anthropogenic disturbance
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Gantchoff, M. G., primary and Belant, J. L., additional
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- 2015
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16. Sexual size dimorphism mediates effects of spatial resource variability on A merican black bear space use
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Hiller, T. L., primary, Belant, J. L., additional, and Beringer, J., additional
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- 2015
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17. Mesopredator release facilitates range expansion in fisher
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LaPoint, S. D., primary, Belant, J. L., additional, and Kays, R. W., additional
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- 2014
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18. Patterns of coexistence between two mesocarnivores in northern Patagonia in the presence of invasive hares and anthropogenic disturbance.
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Gantchoff, M. G. and Belant, J. L.
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COEXISTENCE of species , *OMNIVORES , *LEOPARDUS geoffroyi , *CULPEO , *ZOOGEOGRAPHY - Abstract
We analysed coexistence patterns between two mesocarnivores, Geoffroy's cat ( L eopardus geoffroyi: Felidae) and culpeo fox ( P seudalopex culpaeus: Canidae), in northern Patagonia, Argentina. We examined spatial distribution influenced by land cover, anthropogenic disturbance and invasive hare presence, and analysed temporal activity patterns and dietary composition. If competitive exclusion accounts for carnivore coexistence in this system, we predicted segregation would occur in one or more of these aspects as a mechanism for coexistence. We performed camera trapping in Nahuel Huapi National Park, from February to May 2012 and January to April 2013. Using camera detections, we analysed spatial patterns with co-occupancy modelling and temporal patterns by fitting kernel density estimates and measuring overlap. We performed a dietary meta-analysis using available literature and performed a discriminant function analysis of diet categories between species. We observed high spatial and temporal overlap between Geoffroy's cats and culpeo foxes. We found no evidence of segregation in relation to land cover occupancy, anthropogenic disturbance, invasive hare occurrence or activity patterns. Though both species consumed predominantly small and medium mammals, Geoffroy's cats consumed more birds, reptiles and amphibians, and culpeo foxes consumed more large mammals, carrion and plant material; coexistence between these two carnivores in this Patagonian protected area appears to be facilitated by diet segregation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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19. Sexual size dimorphism mediates effects of spatial resource variability on American black bear space use.
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Hiller, T. L., Belant, J. L., and Beringer, J.
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SEXUAL dimorphism in animals , *BLACK bear , *ZOOGEOGRAPHY , *CLIMATE change , *HABITATS , *REPRODUCTION - Abstract
The distribution of animals is influenced by numerous factors including spatial distribution and temporal availability of resources. We tested the spatial resource variability hypothesis (increasing landscape heterogeneity results in increasing amount of space use) and the temporal resource variability hypothesis (temporal variation in resources reduces amount of space use) using location data from radiomarked American black bears Ursus americanus in Missouri and Arkansas, USA. We used 95% utilization distributions ( UDs) to define individual seasonal space use and constructed 22 models using covariates that described composition, spatial arrangement and diversity of land cover types (an index of heterogeneity or patchiness); seasonal hard mast production; and seasonal use of land cover to test our hypotheses using linear modeling and small-sample Akaike information criterion ( AICc) model selection approaches. The AICc best performing model supported the spatial resource variability hypothesis and included Shannon diversity index [95% confidence limit ( CL) of coefficient = 1.56-2.42] and sex (male; 95% CL of coefficient = 0.05-0.49) as covariates that explained variation in transformed values of UD size. Predicted and observed values during model evaluation were highly correlated ( r = 0.90). As land cover heterogeneity increased, UD size increased, likely a consequence of bears responding to greater patchiness to maintain sufficient resources. Further, the Shannon diversity index was greater for males than females , suggesting larger bodied males used larger areas to meet their higher energetic costs due to landscape fragmentation. Studies of resource hypotheses in solitary species should consider intraspecific allometric relationships such as sexual size dimorphism as has been addressed using group size in social species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
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20. Mesopredator release facilitates range expansion in fisher.
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LaPoint, S. D., Belant, J. L., and Kays, R. W.
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MESOPREDATOR release , *FISH conservation , *PREDATION , *CARNIVOROUS animals , *FISH morphology , *FISH mortality - Abstract
Some central and eastern populations of fisher P ekania [ M artes] pennanti are expanding their ranges following historic range contractions, while many western populations have yet to do so. We investigated whether expanding fisher populations are benefiting from a mesopredator release following reductions in their carnivore predator communities. This hypothesis posits that local extinctions of the largest predators 'release' mesopredator populations from direct predation and competition, leading to an increase in their abundance, expansion of their range and potentially to shifts in their morphology and ecological niche. Our comparison of the conservation status and predator communities of fishers across four geographic regions of their range supports the mesopredator release hypothesis, especially in their eastern range. Our meta-analysis of fisher diet also suggests that released fisher populations may benefit by complementing their diverse diets with more large-bodied prey species, whereas those with more specialized diets (e.g. northwestern populations) or diverse diets with small amounts of large-bodied prey (e.g. populations within California) have experienced little range expansion. Further, measurements of museum specimens suggest that individuals within released populations have evolved a larger body size since the time of their most contracted range, which may help them hunt larger prey species that are expected to be more available in the absence of larger carnivores. Collectively, these data support the hypothesis that a reduced predator community is contributing to the geographic variation in modern fishers' range expansion. In addition to harvest restrictions, habitat protection and translocations, future conservation plans should consider the potential effects of the predator community, emphasizing the need to quantify fisher mortality sources and fisher-predator interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
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21. Cattle guards reduce white-tailed deer crossings through fence openings
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Belant, J. L., primary, Seamans, T. W., additional, and Dwyer, C. P., additional
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- 1998
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22. Evaluation of methyl anthranilate as a woodpecker repellent.
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Belant, J. L., Seamans, T. W., Dolbeer, R. A., and Woronecki, P. P.
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WOODPECKER behavior , *REPELLENTS , *BIRD food - Abstract
Abstract. We evaluated the effectiveness of ReJex-iTTM TP-40, containing 40% methyl anthranilate (MA) for deterring woodpeckers from food and from damaging wood sidings of buildings. During December 1993- February 1994 we conducted three 2-week trials at four sites using six pairs of feeders containing untreated or TP-40- treated suet (5 .0, 2.5, or 1.25% g/g). We then placed 10 (1995) and four (1996) pairs (1 each TP-40-treated and control) of boxes with wood siding containing untreated suet at seven and four sites with known woodpecker activity for 2- 3 weeks to assess damage to the siding. We also applied TP-40 to woodpecker-damaged wood siding of 14 residential buildings during 1994- 1996. Suet-eating birds, primarily downy woodpeckers ( Picoides pubescens Linnaeus), were repelled ( P < 0.01) by treated suet at all concentrations compared with untreated suet. By contrast, damage (primarily by downy woodpeckers) to wood siding on untreated and TP-40-treated boxes was similar ( P 0.32) in both years. Also, 5 of 10 buildings treated with TP-40 received woodpecker damage in areas treated previously. We conclude that TP-40 deters woodpeckers from food but does not reduce woodpecker damage to wood siding. This difference in repellency is likely to have been a consequence ofrapid degradation ofTP-40 from siding (49% in 3 days) and the fact that woodpeckers do not ingest wood, which minimized their exposure to TP-40. We conclude that chemical repellents will generally be ineffective in reducing woodpecker damage to wood, and that other techniques including exclusion, frightening devices, and alternate forms of wood siding (e.g. wood composites) should be developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 1997
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23. Contribution of particulates and pH on cowbirds' (Molothrus ater) avoidance of grain treated with agricultural lime
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Clark, L. and Belant, J. L.
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- 1998
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24. Comparison of four particulate substances as wildlife feeding repellents
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Belant, J. L., Ickes, S. K., Tyson, L. A., and Seamans, T. W.
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- 1997
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25. Evaluation of propane exploders as white-tailed deer deterrents
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Belant, J. L., Seamans, T. W., and Dwyer, C. P.
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- 1996
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26. Wildlife conservation and alternative land uses at airports
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Martin, J. A., Conkling, T. J., Belant, J. L., Biondi, K. M., Blackwell, B. F., Travis DeVault, Fernández-Juricic, E., Schmidt, P. M., and Seamans, T. W.
27. Predicted distribution of the common palm civet Paradoxurus hermaphroditus (Mammalia: Carnivora: Viverridae) on Borneo
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Nakabayashi, M., Nakashima, Y., Hearn, A. J., Ross, J., Alfred, R., Samejima, H., Azlan Mohamed, Heydon, M., Rustam, Bernard, H., Semiadi, G., Fredriksson, G., Boonratana, R., Marshall, A. J., Lim, N. T. -L, Augeri, D. M., Hon, J., Mathai, J., Berkel, T., Brodie, J., Giordano, A., Hall, J., Loken, B., Persey, S., Macdonald, D. W., Belant, J. L., Kramer-Schadt, S., and Wilting, A.
28. Can secondary information inform about population trends of carnivores in Borneo?
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Jayasilan Mohd-Azlan, Belant, J. L., and Meijaard, E.
29. Predicted distribution of the collared mongoose Herpestes semitorquatus (Mammalia: Carnivora: Herpestidae) on Borneo
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Hon, J., Hearn, A. J., Ross, J., Mohamed, A., Alfred, R., Samejima, H., Cheyne, S. M., Semiadi, G., Rustam, Boonratana, R., Fredriksson, G., Mathai, J., Lim, N. T. -L, Marshall, A. J., Macdonald, D. W., Belant, J. L., Kramer-Schadt, S., and Andreas Wilting
30. Integrating mammalian hazards with management at U.S. civil airports: A case study
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Biondi, K. M., Belant, J. L., Martin, J. A., Travis DeVault, and Wang, G.
31. Predicted distribution of the otter civet Cynogale bennettii (Mammalia: Carnivora: Viverridae) on Borneo
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Cheyne, S. M., Mohamed, A., Hearn, A. J., Ross, J., Samejima, H., Heydon, M., Augeri, D. M., Berkel, T., Boonratana, R., Fredriksson, G., Hon, J., Marshall, A. J., Macdonald, D. W., Belant, J. L., Stephanie Kramer-Schadt, and Wilting, A.
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The otter civet Cynogale bennettii is a small carnivore of the family Viverridae, native to Indonesia (Kalimantan and Sumatra), Malaysia (Sabah, Sarawak and mainland), Brunei Darussalam and southern Thailand. Across its range, its distribution is patchy and the species has been assumed to be a wetland specialist favouring peat-swamp and fresh-water swamp forests and primary forest, although also infrequently recorded in logged and secondary forests. The otter civet is listed as CITES Appendix II and listed as Endangered on The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species because of substantial habitat loss and inferred population decline from habitat loss across its range. The destruction, degradation and drying of wetlands is likely to be the greatest threat to it. Much remains to be discovered about the life history and ecology of this species. We compiled 132 occurrence records and used a subset of these (64 Spatial Filtering Model and 23 Balanced Model) together with the land-cover assessment of 11 respondents to predict habitat suitability on Borneo. The resulting model predicted a high proportion of Borneo to contain suitable habitat for the otter civet with most coastal areas, swamp forests and lowland forest areas predicted to be highly suitable. Of particular importance for the persistence of otter civet populations are the central forest block in Sabah, much of the production forest in Sarawak, and the lowland peat-swamp forests of Central Kalimantan. Greater survey effort is required in Brunei and throughout the remaining four Kalimantan provinces because most records from these areas were historical.
32. Comparision of methods for detecting and surveying tropical carnivores
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Belant, J. L., Hofer, H., and Andreas Wilting
33. Predicted distribution of Hose’s civet Diplogale hosei (Mammalia: Carnivora: Viverridae) on Borneo
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Mathai, J., Brodie, J., Giordano, A., Alfred, R., Belant, J. L., Kramer-Schadt, S., and Andreas Wilting
34. Why South-east Asia should be the world's priority for averting imminent species extinctions, and a call to join a developing cross-institutional programme to tackle this urgent issue
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Duckworth, J. W., Batters, G., Belant, J. L., Bennett, E. L., Brunner, J., Burton, J., Dan Challender, Cowling, V., Duplaix, N., Harris, J. D., Hedges, S., Long, B., Mahood, S. P., Mcgowan, P. J. K., Mcshea, W. J., Oliver, W. L. R., Perkin, S., Rawson, B. M., Shepherd, C. R., Stuart, S. N., Talukdar, B. K., Dijk, P. P., Vié, J. -C, Walston, J. L., Whitten, T., and Wirth, R.
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inter-agency collaboration ,site-based conservation ,overharvest ,South-east Asia ,extinction risk ,species ,lcsh:Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering ,wildlife trade ,lcsh:TD1-1066 - Abstract
Global species loss during the present human-caused mass-extinction far exceeds background rates and is detrimental to human existence. Across the globe, vertebrate extinction risks are highest in South-east Asia. This region has among the world’s fastest recent habitat-loss rates. More of a determinant to the conservation status of many vertebrates has been a huge explosion in South-east and East Asian trade demand, and thus harvest rates, for wild species for luxury food, medicine, tonics, horns and other trophy parts, and captive animals. The region has little tradition of effectively managed protected areas. Consequently, many South-east Asian species will become extinct in the near future if current trends continue. An emerging programme coordinated by IUCN SSC on behalf of its member organisations is being developed to assist implementing agencies and their partners minimise the impending extinctions among South-east Asian non-marine vertebrates. The programme is neither a direct implementing body nor a direct donor, but is a supporter using the synergistic strength of its constituent organisations and IUCN’s intergovernmental status to ameliorate perennial challenges to these species’ conservation. Its two main components are (1) to identify species at greatest risk of extinction, specify their conservation needs and support conservation efforts to reduce this risk; and (2) to build, in selected ways, an enabling environment for species-specific interventions. To address the first component, the programme will: develop and maintain a priority species list with associated priority sites necessary to reduce extinction; determine what conservation mechanisms are already in place (many species presently have none), and encourage additional actions as warranted; and serve as a clearinghouse for information and skills exchange. To address the second component, the programme will: work with existing and new donors to prioritise these species and develop emergency and long-term conservation funding mechanisms for them; encourage the integration of priority species into relevant conservation plans; serve as a liaison body to support dialogue among relevant parties in improving species’ conservation (e.g. governmental and non-governmental site- and higher-level implementing agencies, and donors); support the functionality of information/expertise-based bodies such as IUCN SSC specialist groups; serve as a mechanism to link recommended conservation strategies with appropriate ‘stakeholders’; and increase public awareness of the severity of this extinction crisis. By October 2012, working species and site lists will be available and a stakeholder meeting will have discussed the working mechanics of the programme. Any highly collaborative effort of this magnitude faces stiff challenges. It must serve only as a catalyst, recognising and supporting existing efforts, and encouraging action for species presently not receiving it. All parties must recognise that not all conservation efforts will be successful: extinction potential of high-risk species is, by definition, not negligible. Many of the most-threatened South-east Asian species have high market value, or are bycatch of those which do, meaning that powerful vested interests oppose their conservation. Considerably increased funding, primarily to implementing agencies, for highly-threatened species in South-east Asia is required. Funding to run the programme must not compete with the implementing agencies’ existing sources. Human capacity is also limiting outcomes, and how to effect an appropriate increase in capable and committed personnel to use increased funding effectively remains unclear. Finally, the philosophy of the programme must be recognised by all as only part of overall species conservation in South-East Asia.
35. Predicted distribution of the Sunda stink-badger Mydaus javanensis (Mammalia: Carnivora: Mephitidae) on Borneo
- Author
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Samejima, H., Meijaard, E., Duckworth, J. W., Yasuma, S., Hearn, A. J., Ross, J., Azlan Mohamed, Alfred, R., Bernard, H., Boonratana, R., Pilgrim, J. D., Eaton, J., Belant, J. L., Kramer-Schadt, S., Semiadi, G., and Wilting, A.
36. Predicted distribution of the Malay weasel Mustela nudipes (Mammalia: Carnivora: Mustelidae) on Borneo
- Author
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Meijaard, E., Hearn, A. J., Ross, J., Fredriksson, G., Mathai, J., Nakashima, Y., Bernard, H., Boonratana, R., Hall, J., Lim, N. T. -L, Marshall, A. J., Pilgrim, J. D., Samejima, H., Robson, C., Macdonald, D. W., Belant, J. L., Kramer-Schadt, S., and Andreas Wilting
37. Predicted distribution of the Malay civet Viverra tangalunga (Mammalia: Carnivora: Viverridae) on Borneo
- Author
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Ross, J., Hearn, A. J., Macdonald, D. W., Alfred, R., Cheyne, S. M., Mohamed, A., Boonratana, R., Bernard, H., Hon, J., Rustam, Brodie, J. F., Giordano, A., Heydon, M., Semiadi, G., Mathai, J., Fredriksson, G., Marshall, A. J., Pilgrim, J. D., Berkel, T., Belant, J. L., Kramer-Schadt, S., and Andreas Wilting
38. Predicted distribution of the Bornean ferret badger Melogale everetti (Mammalia: Carnivora: Mustelidae) on Borneo
- Author
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Wilting, A., Hearn, A. J., Eaton, J., Belant, J. L., and Stephanie Kramer-Schadt
39. The effect of vehicle traffic on wildlife in Denali National Park
- Author
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Belant, J. L., Tomkiewicz, W. C., III, Fortier, K. A., and Burson, S. L., III
- Subjects
- *
DALL sheep , *WILDLIFE conservation , *NATIONAL parks & reserves , *GRIZZLY bear , *CARIBOU , *MOOSE - Abstract
We recorded observations of caribou (Rangifer tarandus), grizzly bear (Ursus arctos), Dall sheep (Ovis dalli) and moose (Alces alces) along the Denali National Park and Preserve road corridor during 1995-97. We compared these observations to similar data from previous studies to evaluate the effect of an increase in traffic on the number of animals sighted and their behavior. Between 1972 and 1997, annual visitation to Denali National Park increased from about 45000 to 350000, with attendant increases in traffic on the park road. The mean numberof caribou, grizzly bear, and Dall sheep observed did not decline (p> 0.301) from 1973 to 1997. The number of moose observed declined bymode than 50% (R2 = 0.529, p < 0.001). The estimated population of moose also declined over the same period (R2= 0.374, p = 0.002). The distance from the park road at which caribou andgrizzly bears were sighted did not change (p > 0.787), but fewer moose (p < 0.031) were observed within 100 m of the road and fewer sheep(p < 0.011) were observed between 400 and 500 m from the road. Adverse behavioral responses to traffic (e.g., running from vehicles) occurred in less than 1.3% of observations for each species. Increased traffic on the park road apparently has not caused significant changes in abundance, distribution, or behavior of caribou, grizzly bear, Dall sheep, and moose in the park road corridor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2000
40. Importance of landfills to urban-nesting herring and ring-billed gulls
- Author
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Seamans, T. W., Belant, J. L., and Ickes, S. K.
- Subjects
BIRDS ,URBAN planning ,DIET ,LANDFILLS ,WASTE disposal sites - Abstract
Little information exists on the importance of landfills to urban gulls and the influence landfills have on the establishment of urbim-nesting gull colonies. Thus, there is critical need for data to determine factors contributing to increasing populations of urban gulls. Ourobjectives were to determine the importance of landfills to the reproductive success, diet, and movements (via radio telemetry) of urban-nesting herring gulls (Larus argentatus) and ring-billed gulls (L. delawarensis) in northern Ohio. Hatch success of herring gulls (198 breeding pairs) and ring-billed gulls (4502 breeding pairs) at urban-nesting colonies was >/= 41% lower than hatch success of traditional Great Lakes nesting colonies and more closely approximated hatch successof other urban-nesting colonies. Based on diet and habitat use, ring-billed gulls appeared more dependent on landfills than did herring gulls. Anthropogenic food, primarily from three landfills, was the major component of the diets of ring-billed gulls, whereas fish, primarily from Lake Erie, was used more extensively by herring gulls. On average, adult (25 km) and hatching-year (24 km) ring-billed gulls were located farther from their nesting colony than were adult (18 km) or hatching-year (12 km) herring gulls. Habitat use by hatching-year gulls of both species was similar to habitat use by adult conspecifics. Landfills contain a dependable source of food for urban-nesting gulls. Thus, size and distribution of urban-nesting gull colonies are likely to continue increasing, provided adequate anthropogenic food and colony sites remain available. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1998
41. Heavy metals in laughing gulls: gender, age, and tissue differences
- Author
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Belant, J. L., Shukla, T., Gochfeld, M., Burger, J., and Benson, T.
- Subjects
- *
CHROMIUM , *TOXICITY testing , *HEAVY metals , *BIRDS , *MERCURY - Published
- 1996
42. Methyl anthranilate formulations repel gulls and mallards from water
- Author
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Belant, J. L., Gabrey, S. W., Dolbeer, R. A., and Seamans, T. W.
- Published
- 1995
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. SNAPSHOT USA 2019: a coordinated national camera trap survey of the United States
- Author
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Jerrold L. Belant, Seth C. Crockett, William J. McShea, Adam Zorn, Robert A. Long, Çağan H. Şekercioğlu, Kelly Anne MacCombie, Helen I. Rowe, Jaquelyn Tleimat, Adrienne Dykstra, Kelsey A. Barnick, Tiffany A. Sprague, Connor Cincotta, Andrew J. Edelman, Marcus A. Lashley, Anthony P. Crupi, Steven Hammerich, Jennifer Sevin, Carolina Baruzzi, Jesse M. Alston, Elizabeth A. Flaherty, Christopher P. Hansen, Damon B. Lesmeister, Sean T. Giery, Caroline N. Ellison, Andrea K. Darracq, George R. Hess, Brian J. O'Neill, Matthew E. Gompper, Christopher M. Schalk, Amelia M. Bergquist, Ronald S. Revord, Brian D. Gerber, Arielle W. Parsons, Chelsey Tellez, Travis W. Knowles, Daniel G. Scognamillo, Christopher Nagy, Jan Schipper, Morgan Gray, Maximilian L. Allen, Gary W. Roemer, Tavis Forrester, Aaron N. Facka, Miranda L. Davis, Alexej P. K. Sirén, Brett A. DeGregorio, Colin E. Studds, Monica Lasky, Melissa T. R. Hawkins, La Roy S.E. Brandt, Thomas E. Lee, Sean M. King, Mark A. Linnell, Jinelle H. Sperry, John F. Benson, Katherine C. B. Weiss, Joshua J. Millspaugh, Fabiola Iannarilli, Bryn Evans, Christopher A. Lepczyk, David Mason, Mark J. Jordan, Jarred M. Brooke, Cara L. Appel, Katherine E. Andy, Jennifer L. Stenglein, Dean E. Beyer, Tru Hubbard, Marketa Zimova, Alexandra J. Bebko, Daniel J. Herrera, Cristian J. Hernandez, Petros Chrysafis, Summer D. Higdon, Caleb Durbin, Sophie L. Nasrallah, Roland Kays, Scott D. LaPoint, Kathryn R. Remine, Brandon T. Barton, Chip Ruthven, Robert C. Lonsinger, Noel Schmitz, Jorie Favreau, Stephen L. Webb, Edward Trout, Mary E. Pendergast, Brenna Wells, Christine Anhalt-Depies, Robert Horan, Christopher A. Whittier, Todd K. Fuller, M. Teague O'Mara, Hila Shamon, Jean E. Fantle-Lepczyk, Rachel M. Cliché, Sean P. Maher, Stephanie S. Coster, Joshua Sands, Kellie M. Kuhn, Helen Bontrager, Christopher T. Rota, Jaylin N. Solberg, Sarah R. Fritts, John P. Vanek, Laura S. Whipple, Erika L. Barthelmess, Alessio Mortelliti, Kodi Jo Jaspers, Daniel Davis, Renee Klann, Erin K. Kuprewicz, Melinda Fowler, Christine C. Rega-Brodsky, Haydée Hernández-Yáñez, Robert Pelletier, Daniel A. Bogan, M. Caitlin Fisher-Reid, Weston C. Thompson, Chris Sutherland, Claire Bresnan, Todd M. Kautz, Nathaniel H. Wehr, Neil H. Carter, Sharyn B. Marks, Carrie Nelson, Jessica C. Burr, Richard G. Lathrop, Austin M. Green, Robert H. Hagen, Andrea Romero, Michael S. Rentz, Matthew S. Leslie, Katarina Russell, Michael V. Cove, David S. Jachowski, Paige S. Warren, Sean A. Neiswenter, Nyeema C. Harris, Jillian R. Kilborn, Taylor Frerichs, Marius van der Merwe, Jennifer Y. Zhao, Darren A. Clark, Derek R. Risch, Jacque Williamson, Diana J. R. Lafferty, Michelle Halbur, Joanne R. Wasdin, Melissa R. Price, Justin A. Compton, Alex J. Jensen, University of St Andrews. Statistics, Cove, M. V., Kays, R., Bontrager, H., Bresnan, C., Lasky, M., Frerichs, T., Klann, R., Lee, T. E., Crockett, S. C., Crupi, A. P., Weiss, K. C. B., Rowe, H., Sprague, T., Schipper, J., Tellez, C., Lepczyk, C. A., Fantle-Lepczyk, J. E., Lapoint, S., Williamson, J., Fisher-Reid, M. C., King, S. M., Bebko, A. J., Chrysafis, P., Jensen, A. J., Jachowski, D. S., Sands, J., Maccombie, K. A., Herrera, D. J., van der Merwe, M., Knowles, T. W., Horan, R. V., Rentz, M. S., Brandt, L. S. E., Nagy, C., Barton, B. T., Thompson, W. C., Maher, S. P., Darracq, A. K., Hess, G., Parsons, A. W., Wells, B., Roemer, G. W., Hernandez, C. J., Gompper, M. E., Webb, S. L., Vanek, J. P., Lafferty, D. J. R., Bergquist, A. M., Hubbard, T., Forrester, T., Clark, D., Cincotta, C., Favreau, J., Facka, A. N., Halbur, M., Hammerich, S., Gray, M., Rega-Brodsky, C. C., Durbin, C., Flaherty, E. A., Brooke, J. M., Coster, S. S., Lathrop, R. G., Russell, K., Bogan, D. A., Cliche, R., Shamon, H., Hawkins, M. T. R., Marks, S. B., Lonsinger, R. C., O'Mara, M. T., Compton, J. A., Fowler, M., Barthelmess, E. L., Andy, K. E., Belant, J. L., Beyer, D. E., Kautz, T. M., Scognamillo, D. G., Schalk, C. M., Leslie, M. S., Nasrallah, S. L., Ellison, C. N., Ruthven, C., Fritts, S., Tleimat, J., Gay, M., Whittier, C. A., Neiswenter, S. A., Pelletier, R., Degregorio, B. A., Kuprewicz, E. K., Davis, M. L., Dykstra, A., Mason, D. S., Baruzzi, C., Lashley, M. A., Risch, D. R., Price, M. R., Allen, M. L., Whipple, L. S., Sperry, J. H., Hagen, R. H., Mortelliti, A., Evans, B. E., Studds, C. E., Siren, A. P. K., Kilborn, J., Sutherland, C., Warren, P., Fuller, T., Harris, N. C., Carter, N. H., Trout, E., Zimova, M., Giery, S. T., Iannarilli, F., Higdon, S. D., Revord, R. S., Hansen, C. P., Millspaugh, J. J., Zorn, A., Benson, J. F., Wehr, N. H., Solberg, J. N., Gerber, B. D., Burr, J. C., Sevin, J., Green, A. M., Sekercioglu, C. H., Pendergast, M., Barnick, K. A., Edelman, A. J., Wasdin, J. R., Romero, A., O'Neill, B. J., Schmitz, N., Alston, J. M., Kuhn, K. M., Lesmeister, D. B., Linnell, M. A., Appel, C. L., Rota, C., Stenglein, J. L., Anhalt-Depies, C., Nelson, C., Long, R. A., Jo Jaspers, K., Remine, K. R., Jordan, M. J., Davis, D., Hernandez-Yanez, H., Zhao, J. Y., and Mcshea, W. J.
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Cingulata ,QH301 Biology ,Carnivora ,Population Dynamics ,Biodiversity ,mammal ,Information repository ,01 natural sciences ,QA ,biodiversity ,Mammals ,education.field_of_study ,camera trap ,Ecology ,Camera traps ,Environmental resource management ,Species distribution modeling ,Geography ,Biogeography ,carnivora ,Extinction debt ,United State ,Cetartiodactyla ,Didelphimorphia ,Lagomorpha ,Rodentia ,biogeography ,camera traps ,mammals ,occupancy modeling ,species distribution modeling ,Animals ,Birds ,United States ,Animals, Wild ,Occupancy modeling ,Population ,Wildlife ,Wild ,010603 evolutionary biology ,Snapshot (photography) ,QH301 ,Bird ,QA Mathematics ,education ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Population Dynamic ,Animal ,business.industry ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,DAS ,Camera trap ,Survey data collection ,business - Abstract
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. With the accelerating pace of global change, it is imperative that we obtain rapid inventories of the status and distribution of wildlife for ecological inferences and conservation planning. To address this challenge, we launched the SNAPSHOT USA project, a collaborative survey of terrestrial wildlife populations using camera traps across the United States. For our first annual survey, we compiled data across all 50 states during a 14-week period (17 August - 24 November of 2019). We sampled wildlife at 1509 camera trap sites from 110 camera trap arrays covering 12 different ecoregions across four development zones. This effort resulted in 166,036 unique detections of 83 species of mammals and 17 species of birds. All images were processed through the Smithsonian's eMammal camera trap data repository and included an expert review phase to ensure taxonomic accuracy of data, resulting in each picture being reviewed at least twice. The results represent a timely and standardized camera trap survey of the USA. All of the 2019 survey data are made available herein. We are currently repeating surveys in fall 2020, opening up the opportunity to other institutions and cooperators to expand coverage of all the urban-wild gradients and ecophysiographic regions of the country. Future data will be available as the database is updated at eMammal.si.edu/snapshot-usa, as well as future data paper submissions. These data will be useful for local and macroecological research including the examination of community assembly, effects of environmental and anthropogenic landscape variables, effects of fragmentation and extinction debt dynamics, as well as species-specific population dynamics and conservation action plans. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite this paper when using the data for publication. Publisher PDF
- Published
- 2021
44. Alpha-chloralose immobilization of rock doves in Ohio.
- Author
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Belant JL and Seamans TW
- Subjects
- Administration, Oral, Animals, Body Weight, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Food Deprivation physiology, Ohio, Chloralose administration & dosage, Columbidae physiology, Hypnotics and Sedatives administration & dosage, Immobilization
- Abstract
To improve capture efficacy of rock doves (Columba livia) in nuisance situations, we reevaluated the effectiveness of three dosages (60, 120 and 180 mg/kg) of alpha-chloralose (AC). Responses to immobilization using 180 mg/kg AC also were compared in rock doves deprived of food for 16 hr and not food deprived. Mean (+/- SE) time to first effects (33 +/- 2 min) and mean time to capture (94 +/- 5 min) were significantly less for rock doves receiving 180 mg/kg than for rock doves receiving lower dosages (> or = 53 +/- 3 min and > or = 153 +/- 17 min, respectively). Ten, 10, and eight rock doves immobilized with 60, 120, and 180 mg/kg AC recovered within 24 hr, respectively; all rock doves recovered within 29 hr. Although food-deprived rock doves showed effects of AC immobilization earlier than did rock doves with food, time to capture was similar between these two groups. For capturing rock doves, we recommend treating corn with 3 mg AC/kernel and using 180 mg/kg as the effective dose. This modified formulation and dosage should improve capture success of rock doves substantially and improve the ability to resolve nuisance rock dove problems.
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Comparison of three formulations of alpha-chloralose for immobilization of Canada geese.
- Author
-
Belant JL and Seamans TW
- Subjects
- Administration, Oral, Animals, Animals, Wild, Bread, Corn Oil, Female, Male, Margarine, Suspensions, Tablets, Anesthetics administration & dosage, Chloralose administration & dosage, Geese physiology, Hypnotics and Sedatives administration & dosage, Immobilization
- Abstract
The effectiveness of an alpha-chloralose (AC)-corn oil suspension, an AC-margarine mixture, and AC tablets were compared for immobilizing Canada geese (Branta canadensis). Responses to AC immobilization also were compared in male and female Canada geese. There was no difference in mean time to first effects or mean time to capture between male and female geese dosed with 30 mg/kg AC in orally-administered bread baits. Recovery times (< or = 24 hr) also were similar between sexes. Mean (+/-SE) time to first effects for geese immobilized with AC tablets in bread baits (19 +/- 3 min) was significantly less than mean time to first effects for geese immobilized with AC in margarine (28 +/- 6 min) or AC in corn oil (32 +/- 7 min) applied to bread baits (n = 12 geese/treatment). Respective mean times to capture geese immobilized with AC tablets, AC-margarine, and AC-corn oil were not significantly different at 62 +/- 25, 89 +/- 48, and 88 +/- 30 min, respectively. Ten, 11 and, seven geese immobilized with AC tablets, AC-margarine, and AC-corn oil recovered within 24 hr, respectively; all geese recovered within 28 hr. Male and female Canada geese respond similarly to AC immobilization, at least during molt, and AC mixed with margarine or AC in tablet form is at least as effective as the presently used AC-corn oil suspension. AC tablets or AC-margarine also would be more practical for some field situations. Additional development of AC tablets will be required prior to field use for capturing nuisance waterfowl.
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Immobilization of muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus) with ketamine and xylazine.
- Author
-
Belant JL
- Subjects
- Adrenergic alpha-Agonists administration & dosage, Animals, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Drug Combinations, Female, Injections, Intramuscular veterinary, Male, Time Factors, Anesthetics, Dissociative administration & dosage, Arvicolinae physiology, Immobilization, Ketamine administration & dosage, Xylazine administration & dosage
- Abstract
The effectiveness of ketamine and xylazine as an immobilizing combination for muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus) was evaluated. Eleven muskrats were intramuscularly injected using a high (n = 7) or low (n = 4) dosage of a 20:1 mixture of ketamine (12 or 20 mg) and xylazine (0.6 or 1.0 mg) in Carlton County, Minnesota (USA) from 1 to 4 May 1995. Mean (+/- SD) induction times for muskrats receiving a high dosage (6.5 +/- 2.6 min) or low dosage (7.0 +/- 1.6 min) was similar (P = 0.71). In contrast, muskrats receiving a low dosage recovered sooner (37.0 +/- 15.1 min) than muskrats receiving a high dosage (62.2 +/- 15.6 min) (P = 0.04). There was a positive linear relationship (r2 = 0.75, P = 0.02) between the amount (mg/kg) of ketamine-xylazine injected and recovery time but not between the amount injected and induction time (r2 = 0.49, P = 0.18). Heart rate, respiratory rate, and body temperature were similar (P = 0.20 to 0.62) between high and low dose groups. No mortality occurred nor were short-term adverse effects observed in recaptured individuals. I conclude that a 20:1 mixture of ketamine-xylazine is a safe and effective immobilization agent for muskrats when conducting non-surgical field procedures. Immobilizing muskrats with 15 mg/kg ketamine and 0.75 mg/kg xylazine should provide about 10 min of handling time before arousal and allow full recovery in < 60 min.
- Published
- 1996
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Isoflurane as an inhalation anesthetic for muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus).
- Author
-
Belant JL
- Subjects
- Aging physiology, Animals, Arousal, Behavior, Animal drug effects, Body Temperature drug effects, Heart Rate drug effects, Respiration drug effects, Time Factors, Anesthesia, Inhalation veterinary, Anesthetics, Inhalation, Arvicolinae physiology, Isoflurane
- Abstract
The effectiveness of isoflurane as an inhalation anesthetic for muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus) was evaluated. Thirty muskrats were anesthetized in an enclosed chamber using 10 ml of isoflurane in Carlton County, Minnesota (USA), from 27 September to 24 October 1994. Mean (+/- SE) induction time for adults, juveniles, and kits was 20.6 +/- 2.9, 21.5 +/- 2.4, and 16.9 +/- 5.3 min, respectively (P = 0.77). Respective mean arousal times for adults, juveniles, and kits were 5.1 +/- 0.5, 5.7 +/- 0.7, and 5.7 +/- 0.6 min (P = 0.78). Heart rate, respiration rate, and body temperature were similar among age classes (P = 0.08 to 0.58). Mortality (3.3%) was comparable to that of other inhalation anesthetics. No short-term adverse effects were observed in recaptured individuals. Isoflurane is a safe and effective inhalation anesthetic for muskrats, although prolonged induction may limit its use in field studies.
- Published
- 1995
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Field immobilization of American martens (Martes americana) and short-tailed weasels (Mustela erminea).
- Author
-
Belant JL
- Subjects
- Animals, Body Temperature drug effects, Drug Combinations, Heart Rate drug effects, Injections, Intramuscular veterinary, Male, Respiration drug effects, Carnivora physiology, Immobilization, Ketamine administration & dosage, Ketamine pharmacology, Xylazine administration & dosage, Xylazine pharmacology
- Abstract
Ketamine hydrochloride (KH) and a 5:1 combination of KH and xylazine hydrochloride (XH) were used successfully to immobilize short-tailed weasels (Mustela erminea) and American martens (Martes americana), respectively. Four adult male martens were intramuscularly injected with 30 to 82 mg/kg KH and 8.0 to 16.4 mg/kg XH. Three adult male short-tailed weasels were intramuscularly injected with 20.8 to 42.1 mg/kg KH. Mean (+/- SE) induction times for martens and short-tailed weasels were 1.8 +/- 0.2 min and 46 +/- 4.1 sec, respectively; recovery times were 100.4 +/- 19.3 min and 97.9 +/- 6.3 min, respectively. Heart rate was relatively constant among martens; however, respiration varied widely (21 to 122 breaths per minute). Marten body temperature decreased between 0 and 20 min post-recumbency. Short-tailed weasel heart rate and respiration decreased in response to sedation until slightly before arousal. Body temperature stabilized by 20 min post-recumbency. Two short-tailed weasels tremored slightly within 10 min of arousal. I conclude that KH and KH/XH are safe immobilizing agents for martens and short-tailed weasels, respectively.
- Published
- 1992
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Immobilization of fishers (Martes pennanti) with ketamine hydrochloride and xylazine hydrochloride.
- Author
-
Belant JL
- Subjects
- Animals, Body Temperature drug effects, Heart Rate drug effects, Injections, Intramuscular veterinary, Male, Respiration drug effects, Time Factors, Carnivora physiology, Immobilization, Ketamine administration & dosage, Xylazine administration & dosage
- Abstract
A combination of 100 mg ketamine hydrochloride (KH) and 20 mg xylazine hydrochloride (XH) was used to immobilize fishers (Martes pennanti). Four adult males were intramuscularly injected a total of five times at dosages between 22.4 to 29.0 mg/kg KH and 4.1 to 6.6 mg/kg XH. Mean (+/- SE) induction time and arousal time were 3.3 +/- 0.5 min and 76.8 +/- 12.1 min, respectively. Respiration, heart rate, and body temperature in response to sedation appeared normal. A 5:1 mixture of KH-XH appears to be a safe immobilizing agent for fishers.
- Published
- 1991
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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