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New types of medical packaging boxes represent collapsible products based on solid metal pieces and flat polymeric panels with stiffening ribs. They allow to implement the advanced methods of medical property storage and correspond to the standards of modern container-transporting system. They have high repairability level and insignificant own weight. The main elements and junctions can be interchanged as well as the whole box can be transformed into field medical furniture.

The basic documents of the history of service Disaster Medicine in the USSR and the Armed Forces of the country, employed in this branch of medical terminology, classification of emergency situations are presented. The problem of Disaster Medicine Service of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation at the present stage, the levels of its operations and readiness, as well as the structure and objectives of the medical detachment for special purposes are considered. The involvement of service in peacekeeping operations and medical support of local armed conflicts are assessed.

The article examines the contribution of the Military Medical Academy as an educational, research and medical institutions in the establishment and development of the national Russian manned spaceflight. Lists the names of the Academy's scientists, working in laboratories and in the Cosmonaut Training Center. In 1958 the academy was formed Department of Aviation Medicine from the research laboratories of aviation medicine, psychophysiology, and encephalography, a division of pressure chambers and furnaces. Direct contribution to the preparation of the first manned space flight made by graduates of the academy, E.A. Karpov (the first chief of Cosmonauts Training Center. Yuri Gagarin) and I.A. Kolosov. Over the half century history of the Russian Space Military Medical Academy, prepared and sent to the CPC Gagarin more than 110 of its graduates.

International and domestic experience of recent years is convincing evidence that military medical staff can and should be an important part of the national system of emergency medical assistance in emergency situations. The article is concerned with the participation of military medical personnel in Russia and the USSR in the aftermath of natural and technological disasters in the twentieth and twenty-first century. Historical background and 20 years of experience in the formation of Disaster Medicine Service of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.

April 12, 2011 Humanity celebrated 50 years of one of the greatest achievements of the twentieth century--the legendary flight of Y. Gagarin into space. In this study are highlighted the role and importance of military aviation and space medicine, and in particular, the State Scientific Research Testing Institute of Aviation and Space Medicine, Ministry of Defence of the USSR (now--the State Scientific Research Testing Institute of Military Medicine, Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov) in the preparation and conduct of flight of Yu.A.Gagarin.

The functional status of 143 female soldiers the Army of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation are studied in order to predict the success of the military profession (CPA) through the use of a set of psychological and socio-psychological methods. He calculations predicted the success of the CPA were performed using a multiple regression equation, compiled on the basis of correlation and regression analysis. It was established that female soldiers are classified as those with low adaptive capacity, it is difficult to adapt to new conditions. Their function remains within the lower rates, but maintain the required professional military efficiency. The recommendations on the organization of professional selection and psychophysiological support the CPA on the socio-psychological, psychological and physiological levels are given.

The main directions of further improving the quality of trauma care in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation are: 1) improving the organization of orthopedic and trauma care in military medical establishments of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation taking into account their level of medical-diagnostic capabilities, the licensing of military-medical institutions and certification; 2) regular supply of differentiated trauma unit medical supplies and equipment; 3) ensuring a high level of training and upgrading of specialists in the first place, senior management.

Biography of one of the former chefs of the Medico-surgical academy professor Yakov Alekseevich Chistovich is given in this article. Ya.A. Chistovich--famous medicolegist, hygienist, historian of medicine--left not only rich medical-research heritage but also became the founder of great medical dynasty. In Yakov Alekseevich's steps treaded 3 his sons, grandsons and a few generations of descendants.

The terminology of the battle mechanical damages has a direct connection with determination of frequency and structure of such damages and value of sanitary loss. The entitled figures are necessary for troop basis during the medical treatment. The present article is written because of appearance in large academic and research works of military-medical directionality inadequate and incorrect data of frequency of damages by the similar wounds. It is caused by the false methodological approach to the usage of this terminology and requires the valid correction of results of such works.

In the article are considered: the history of formation of military medicine in Russia; requirements, presented to the level of processing of military doctors and formulated in the form of competences. The disadvantages are analyzed and single out the ways of perfection in work of the troop echelon of medical service in modern conditions of reforming of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

By the example of rheumatoid arthritis was considered the methods of economic assessment of advisability of modern biological medication usage in military medicine. The usage of these medications leads to quick clinical response, decrease of the additional medication intake, decrease of the average duration of treatment, "move aside" time of permanent disablement. Modern active therapy can increase the effectiveness of treatment; improve the quality of life, decrease the average duration of hospital stay, following treatment expense and welfare payment for this category of ill.

In 1710 in a under construction capital of the Russian state the first central military hospital for treatment the soldier of garrison has been organized. Its initial device differed from existed regimental infirmaries a little; however personal home nursing of tsar has helped development of hospital. In 1715 the hospital has been solemnly consecrated. Since 1735 in hospital have started to spend training of future doctors and with the basis in 1798 of Army medical college it became its clinical base. During teamwork the hospital became high-grade clinical base of academy, has developed and became the modem well equipped clinic-diagnostic centre.

One of the most important goals in military otolaryngology is a prevention ENT-diseases of armed forces personnel. Prophylactic medical examination of their staff is the major instrument in it. The article presents detailed project of its realization in accordance with present-day classification of ENT-diseases (International Classification of Diseases by World Health Organization), new structure of medical service and its resources and conditions. The diseases of the nose, ear and throat were considered. Algorithm of patients' observation and volume of diagnostic examinations were given.

E.I.Smirnov's views of the role and place of organizational aspects of the greatest Russian surgeon N.I.Pirogov in development of modern medical supply system are covered on the basis of vast historiographical data. From the perspectives of historism and objectivism a degree of realization Pirogov's ideas during creation of the consistent military-medicine doctrine and organization of medical-evacuational measures during the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945 is analyzed.

The article is concern with years of youth of the greatest Russian surgeon and anatomist Nikolay Ivanovich Pirogov, his education in Moscow and Derpt University. Formation of N.I. Pirogov as a surgeon of a new type following by the deepest anatomical knowledge is showed. There is a supposition that with the departure from Derpt to Saint-Petersburg Pirogov's initial phase of work ended and began his new, mature period of work.

The article presents results of epidemiological research of dental morbidity among persons of call-up age and indexes of their need in different types of dental aid. Were calculated medical standards for dispensary supply, elaborated propositions in standard of medical survey of persons of call-up age on specialization "stomatology" during registering on military registration and proximately during the call-up on military service in determination of fitness for military service. These data could be used in improvement of organizational structure of dental institutes of Health Ministry of social development of the Russian Federation.

In the medical institutions of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation was undertook the study with the aim of inclusion of the physicians to the understanding of the danger of alcoholic intoxication through the knowledge provisioning about the influence of the alcohol to the atherogenesis, progression of liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. 2033 patients who had had surgical revascularization were examined. It was found that each of those patients had drunk different doses of alcohol, but it didn't alert the atherogenesis. Also 1283 patients with liver cirrhosis and 126 died of it during 1996-2009 were examined. It was found that alcohol is the most dangerous cause of liver cirrhosis. Anonymous questionnaire of physicians for clearing up their attitude to the alcohol. It was found that only 43% of physicians deny healthful doses of alcohol. According to this fact it is necessary to intensify explanatory work among physicians.

Retrospective comparative analysis of therapy of the rheumatoid arthritis was undertaken. The following variants of antiphlogistic prescription: inactive tactics (long-lasting administration of one medicine), tactics of protracted treatment (separate courses of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs with long breaks between them), tactics of first aid (at the beginning "passive treatments", after the appearance of complications begun active therapy with cytostatics); tactics of pyramid (the order of the prescription of medicines corresponds to classical strategy of baseline therapy with short breaks during the treatment), tactics of active therapy (the early beginning of baseline therapy with consistent change of medicine); effectiveness and safety of long-lasting administration of antiphlogistic in complex therapy of the rheumatoid arthritis.

During the organization of the medical evacuation of the outfits in highlands it is necessary to consider that the workability of the stretchermen in highland goes down to 50% and more; equipment of the aid man must corresponds to the conditions of the highlands (immobilize vacuum mattress--IVMv-01, collapsible immobilize pinion stretchers--IPS-01); application of the wheel-type machines and helicopters is difficult and dangerously. Application of the modern techniques of informational support, unmanned drones and others modern techniques requires the output of new organization principles of the system of the medical evacuation in highlands.

In article the existing lows and other legislation acts of state regulation in the field of medical maintenance of the works connected to destruction of toxic chemicals concerning to the chemical weapon is analysed. Features of carrying out of medical examinations and expertise of diseases at the soldiers and officers occupied on these works are submitted. The conclusion that the existing legislation acts allows to carry out qualitative medical service of the personnel of objects of storage and destruction of the chemical weapon, the military men occupied on works with toxic chemicals and the inhabitants living in sanitary-protective zones is made.

This article is concerned with the arrangement of formation of the administration of 33rd distributing evacuation station and organization of its evacuation work of casualties from hospital bases of West front lines to the hospitals in back land and also the main tasks of its subunits and units. The way of hospital trains performance, the amount of the hauls during the years of the work, average duration of one haul and average speed in kilometers, the amount of transferred casualties including litters.

The article presents a characteristics of main negative factors, disimproving a functional condition and working capacity of airmen in long flies: long stay in a working pose, necessity of using of summer form, of defense form and oxygen-breath means, peculiarities of eating in fly, solving of nature-imposed necessity, relative sensor deprivation, sameliness of environment, high level of noise, hypokinesia, high nervous-emotional tension in conditions of air refueling, temperature fall, difference of barometric pressure, desynchronisms. Were given practical recommendations on maintenance of functional and working capacity of members of flying staff, realizing long flies.

The article presents an analyze of contribution of military medicine in victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945. Nevertheless big difficulties the medical service has effectuated deployment of network of medical units and institutes, organization of effective work of delivery of medical care on frontline and in rear of country. For the first time in the history of official military-medical service, it transformed from service of regard for ill and wounded persons in service of securing by men resources of active army. Experience of medical securing is as well actual nowday, as years ago. In a big quantity of questions the service saves it's practical value in complex solving of questions of modern military medicine.

Were determined components of systems of guarantee of security of activity of specialists of manipulation of spacecrafts (SC): abidance by general organizational-methodological rules and principles of work, excluding violations in organization of duty, preventing of nonfulfillment and failure of sessions of control by SC, determination and deleting negative factors of operative activity, guarantee of safety of system "man-mechanism-environment." Were determined peculiarities of activity of specialists of manipulation of spacecrafts, their professionally important qualities, which had to be considered in effectuating of professional psycho-selection. Were shown regularities of changes in functional state and professional working capacity of operators of command-measured complexes during daily duty and during cycle of a year. Was made a conclusion about necessity of improvement of system of psychophysiological accompaniment of activity of specialists of manipulation of SC.

The review of the modern literature on the mental disorders arising at hypertensive illness at military men of young age is spent. The basic clinical forms of the mental pathology arising at different stages of hypertensive illness are investigated. Neuroendocrinological, neuromediatorical, neurophysiological, immunological and behavioural mechanisms of infringements of anxiety, depressive disorders and an arterial hypertensia at persons of young age are shown, them reciprocal mutual relations, influence on a current and the forecast of main illness.

For the first time was presented life history of Alexander Zamyatin (1873-1931)--a famous military physician, one of leaders of sanitarium service of the Red Army for the period of 1920-s.

The authors effectuated an analyze of station of structure of purchase of medicinal agents in military medicine. Were marked disadvantages: predominance of import agents in centralized and decentralized purchases, small volume of native agents, disbalance of structure of centralized purchases and formed morbidity, low quality of determination of need in medicinal agents and of labour-rent account-claim documents, facts of agent purchases, not included in Form of medicinal agent of medical service of the Armed Forces of RF. Were posed aims on optimization of purchases, replacement import agents by native ones of the same quality, on remaking of the Form of medicinal agents.

The article presents organizational aspects of technical service and repair of medical technique, used by medical service of the Armed Forces. Was analyzed order of bringing into service of new medical technique, reasons of untimely solving of this task. Was presented a systemic structure of forces and measures on technical service and repair of medical technique, which includes 3 levels: I--Center, II--military region, III--territorial area of responsibility. In details were observed tasks of every level of responsibility.

There was effectuated an analyze of using of aircrafts for medical air evacuation of ill and wounded persons, was shown it's place in system of treatment-evacuation measures during the war and peaceful time in course of liquidation of consequences of natural disasters. The article presents main clinical-physiological aspects of medical air evacuation, peculiarities of organization of delivery of health care aboard aircraft, state of medical air evacuation for now-days. The article presents characteristics of purposes and supply of created sanitary planes and helicopters: Mi-8MB "Bisectrix", An-26M "Saver", Il-76MD "Bistoury". There elaborated recommendations upon organization of medical air evacuation during war and peaceful time.

The main types of hospital-substituting technologies, their material and technical basis and possibilities of outpatient medical help are described in the article. Suggestions concerning further development of hospital-substituting technologies are presented by second congress of Russian outpatient surgeons.

The article presents not well-known data about genesis, family status and private life of a famous Russian historian of medicine, judicial physician and hygienist of the XIX century Chistovich Yakov Alekseevich. He was the leader of Saint-Petersburg Medical-surgical academy in 1871-1875. There was lighted a civil activity of Chistovich Ya.A. on the post of the chief of Supportive medical cash and chief of Collective of Russian physicians in S.-Petersburg.

The authors have got their first experience with chemohyperthermal perfusion of the lung in 4 patients. The method and technique of the operation of ablation of metastases in the lungs with preliminary chemohyperthermal perfusion are described. All the patients survived the operative interventions.

The article presents the observe of methodological approaches to determination of necessity of financing the guarantee military-treatment institutes by medicaments in conditions of delivery of dispensary-polyclinic aid, of stationary treatment; organization of buying of medicaments, volumes of financing of medical service of the Armed Forces.

Systemic and process approaches permit to present a specialized medical aid (SMA) as opened, complicated, hierarchical, self-organizing system. The main tendencies of development of SMA in military and civil health care are differentiation and integration of medical specialties, standardization of types of SMA, multilevelness of SMA, development of microsurgical, endovideosurgical techniques.

The article is devoted to the 10oth anniversary of a great organizer of military health service, scientist and teacher, general-lieutnant of medical service Georgievsky Anotoly Sergeevich. The article presents main stages of his biography and role in military-medical science.

The article presents in chronological order points of view of national scientists on notion "lightly wounded person" and their contribution in formation and development of system of delivery of health care and treatment of this category of wounded. Organizational processing of system of treatment of lightly wounded persons took place in December 1941 after publishing of the order of National Defense Commissioner, whereby there was confirmed "Enactment of hospitals for lightly wounded and lightly ill persons". In 1942 there were founded 200 hospitals for lightly wounded persons, to the end of war cot size was 36,5% of general cot size. The article presents data of effectiveness of hospital work during the Great Patriotic War. Also the article presents modern points of view on a question of organization of delivery of medical aid and specialized treatment of lightly wounded and lightly ill persons in brand new organizational-staff structures (medical company of brigade, umeds of operative command, hospitals of lightly wounded of stationary and mobile hospital base, centers of rehabilitation). Were formed main features of modern system of organization of medical aid and surgical treatment of lightly wounded persons.

For the last few years there were enlarged possibilities of completing of troops by military servicewomen. Coincidently with this, there were increased requirements for military servicewomen. On the base of postulate of three levels of professional health, determining effectiveness of professional activity (social-psychological, psychological and physiological) there was realized a research of morbidity and functional state of organism of military servicewomen, of relations of these indexes with effectiveness of discharging of professional responsibilities. Was marked, that military servicewomen in other equal conditions of health care achieve the required indexes by high personal adaptation potential, neuro-psychoic tolerance, adherence to collective forms of military work, adequate orientation in concrete situation, rapid elaboration of strategy of behavior and socialization. The got data permitted to make a system-structure analyze of professional health of military servicewomen and on it's base to determine directions of improvement of their medical maintenance.

There was validated the necessity of deployment of inairdrome evacuation receiver for the purpose of evacuation of ill and wounded persons by evacuation transport during organization of massive evacuation. Also there was presented organizational-staff structure of evacuation receiver, material support and principal scheme of deployment. There was deployed one of variants of evacuation receiver (for 100 ill and wounded persons) during tactic-special training exercises. It was concluded that inairdrome evacuation receiver have to be a mobile unit of medical service, which is able to be transported by air transport in areas of massive evacuation of ill and wounded persons. It's proposed structure is recommended as a module for more powerful evacuation receiver.

Defense and promotion of health of strong and almost strong persons--is one of priorities tasks of health services, including military medicine. Federal law from the 8.11.2008 No 203-FL has made changes in federal law from 1998 No 76FL "About status of military servicemen". These changes allow, in conditions of existing of indications, effectuating psycho-medical rehabilitation less then 30 days free. To execute this federal law the Defense Ministry issued a law No 385 from 8.05.2008 "About psycho-medical rehabilitation of military servicemen of the Defense Ministry of Russian Federation". The law defines catalogue of categories of military servicemen, who are liable to psycho-medical rehabilitation and order of it's effectuating. The article is devoted to comment this law. There was examined in details the role of sanatorium stage in system of medical rehabilitation, and organization of it's effectuating in conditions of sanatorium.

The article presents actual questions of epidemiology of outhospital pneumonia (OP), peculiarities of epidemic process of these infections in troops in now-day conditions and updates of main directions of their prophylaxis. It was marked that alongside with clearly defined tendency of lowing, the morbidity by OP in the Armed Forces of RF is still rather high--in 5-7 folds higher than among adult population of the country. Whereby it is predicted further complication of sanitarium-epidemiological situation in connection with increase of call-up. The article uncovers the main factors, supplying the realization of mechanism of epidemic process of OP in military collectives. Vaccination of staff by registered in RF multipartial pneumococcal vaccine Pnevmo-23 is considered as an effective and necessary medical measure in complex of prophylactic measures, effectuating in troops.

Within the frame of forming of a new face of medical service of the Armed Forces, were determined the principle approaches to optimization of the process of development of the system of medical supply. It was proposed to use the following principles: principle of hierarchic structuring, principle of purposeful orientation, principle of vertical task sharing, principle of horizontal task sharing, principle of complex simulation, principle of permanent perfection. The main direction of optimization of structure and composition of system of medical supply of the Armed Forces are: forming of modern institutes of medical supply--centers of support by technique and facilities on the base of central, regional storehouses, and attachment of several functions of organs of military government to them; creation of medical supply office on the base military hospitals, being basing treatment-prophylaxis institutes, in adjusted territorial zones of responsibility for the purpose of realization of complex of tasks of supplying the units and institutes, attached to them on medical support, by medical equipment. Building of medical support system is realized on three levels: Center - Military region (NAVY region) - territorial zone of responsibility.

The nowdays all possible damages and diseases by the staff during a war, are systematized in a special classification of combat damages and diseases, which is based on effect of main damage factors of weapon. Analyzing existent classification and determination "sanitarium casualty", it should be pointed out that they were formed more than 50 years ago, and they have gone out of date. Theirs significs is projected not adequately in practice of medical supply. Therefore determinations of sanitarium casualty, used in practice and in documentation, are not full and not always clearly explain about which casualty is talking. Moreover, several authors (frequently it is functionary of hospital) faultily or by reason of not-understanding write and talk about sanitarium casualty, meaning wounded and ill persons, admitted to hospital and being treated there.

The article presents several technologies, providing accumulation? Performance and expansion of information in units of medical service of tactic level in the Armed forces of RF. In the course of specially-tactic military training exercise on the territory "Border-2008", which was realized on the base of training center of MMA by S. M. Kirov (Krasnoe Selo), were effectuated several experiments on the theme of analyzing of capabilities of using of satellite systems of position location, pilotless aircrafts and telecommunications systems of connection in aid of vedical service of the Armed Forces of RF. This work has shown the capability of realizing of high quality satellite video-connection for telemedical session between phases of medical evacuation in military-field conditions with capability of operative deployment without especially given wire communications capabilities.

In Military-medical academy named by Kirov S.M., 857 HIV-infectioned patients were treated. The most part of them required in reanimation and surgical treatment, at 25.6% of patients the HIV-infection was registered in stage AIDS. More than half of cases of diseases are registered for the first time. 51.1% of patients knew about their HIV-positive status, but only 16% of patients have informed doctors. Interrogation of experts shows their low epidemiological vigilance. By calculations, registration of medical traumas occurs on the average in 7.4% of cases. There is a risk professional infection. There were defined the directions of decrease of risk of professional traumatism and infection with haemocontact infections. The algorithm of emergency chemoprophylaxis of the HIV-infection in military-medical establishment is offered.

Post-infarction remodeling was studied in 41 patients with the post-infarction aneurysm of the left ventricle and initially reduced contractive function of the left ventricle myocardium: ejection fraction from 17 to 35%. The ultrasonic pre- and postoperative investigation allowed assessment of the index of the ultimate diastolic volume, index of the ultimate systolic volume, ejection fraction, long axis of the left ventricle, apical short axis, papillary short axis, mitral short axis. In addition, impaired obliquity of the left ventricle cavity and relative thickness of the left ventricle wall and intervenricular septum at different levels were determined. Surgical remodeling using resection of aneurysm and plasty by Dor-II-Jatene method facilitated normalization of indices of the cavity geometry and reestablishment of the contractive ability of the left ventricle.

The authors describe the algorithm of examination and methods of operation on 24 patients. It allowed shortening the time of compression of the aorta, of acute ischemia of the lower extremities, less operation blood loss, exclusion of postoperative lethality.

The character of lesions of the coronary bed and specific features of formation of collateral coronary circulation was studied in patients with post-infarction aneurysms of the left ventricle. Marked atherosclerotic lesion of coronary arteries, especially in the basin of the anterior interventricular artery, was observed in all examined patients with post-infarction aneurysms of the left ventricle (LV). Coronary collateral circulation is absent or formed extremely slightly in cases of multifocal lesion of the coronary arteries. It was found that impairment of the contractile function of the LV myocardium promoted dramatic disturbance of hemodynamics indices in patients with post-infarction aneurysms of the left ventricle.

Under observation there were 14 male patients. Since 1995 a method of transprosthetic aortotomy has been used in patients with impaired carotid arteries, later this method was used in patients with postinfarction aneurysms of the left ventricle. In addition, in 3 critical patients we used minimally invasive techniques of surgery in stage-wise treatment. Single-stage operations in ischemic heart disease patients with postinfarction aneurysms of the left ventricle and a lesion of the brachiocephalic arteries (BCA) are indicated in the following cases: 1. In intrathoracal lesion of BCA; 2. In atherosclerotic lesion of the left coronary artery trunk; 3. In patients with postinfarction aneurysms of the left ventricle and with output fraction less than 35%; 4. When instable angina is not amendable to medicinal stabilization.