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1. Genetic Risk Score for Intracranial Aneurysms: Prediction of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and Role in Clinical Heterogeneity

Author: Bakker, Mark K., Kanning, Jos P., Abraham, Gad, Martinsen, Amy E., Winsvold, Bendik S., Zwart, John-Anker, Bourcier, Romain, Sawada, Tomonobu, Koido, Masaru, Kamatani, Yoichiro, Morel, Sandrine, Amouyel, Philippe, Debette, Stéphanie, Bijlenga, Philippe, Berrandou, Takiy, Ganesh, Santhi K., Bouatia-Naji, Nabila, Jones, Gregory, Bown, Matthew, Rinkel, Gabriel J.E., Veldink, Jan H., Ruigrok, Ynte M., Hege Aamodt, Anne, Heidi Skogholt, Anne, Brumpton, Ben M, Willer, Cristen J, Sandset, Else C, Kristoffersen, Espen S, Ellekjær, Hanne, Heuch, Ingrid, Nielsen, Jonas B, Hagen, Knut, Hveem, Kristian, Fritsche, Lars G, Thomas, Laurent F, Pedersen, Linda M, Gabrielsen, Maiken E, Holmen, Oddgeir L, Børte, Sigrid, Zhou, Wei, Abboud, Shérine, Pandolfo, Massimo, Thijs, Vincent, Leys, Didier, Bodenant, Marie, Louillet, Fabien, Touzé, Emmanuel, Mas, Jean-Louis, Samson, Yves, Leder, Sara, Léger, Anne, Deltour, Sandrine, Crozier, Sophie, Méresse, Isabelle, Canaple, Sandrine, Godefroy, Olivier, Giroud, Maurice, Béjot, Yannick, Decavel, Pierre, Medeiros, Elizabeth, Montiel, Paola, Moulin, Thierry, Vuillier, Fabrice, Dallongeville, Jean, Metso, Antti J, Metso, Tiina, Tatlisumak, Turgut, Grond-Ginsbach, Caspar, Lichy, Christoph, Kloss, Manja, Werner, Inge, Arnold, Marie-Luise, Dos Santos, Michael, Grau, Armin, Dichgans, Martin, Thomas-Feles, Constanze, Weber, Ralf, Brandt, Tobias, Pezzini, Alessandro, De Giuli, Valeria, Caria, Filomena, Poli, Loris, Padovani, Alessandro, Bersano, Anna, Lanfranconi, Silvia, Beretta, Simone, Ferrarese, Carlo, Giacolone, Giacomo, Paolucci, Stefano, Lyrer, Philippe, Engelter, Stefan, Fluri, Felix, Hatz, Florian, Gisler, Dominique, Bonati, Leo, Gensicke, Henrik, Amort, Margareth, Markus, Hugh, Majersik, Jennifer, Worrall, Bradford, Southerland, Andrew, Cole, John, Kittner, Steven, Evangelou, Evangelos, Warren, Helen R, Gao, He, Ntritsos, Georgios, Dimou, Niki, Esko, Tonu, Mägi, Reedik, Milani, Lili, Almgren, Peter, Boutin, Thibaud, Ding, Jun, Giulianini, Franco, Holliday, Elizabeth G, Jackson, Anne U, Li-Gao, Ruifang, Lin, Wei-Yu, Luan, Jian’an, Mangino, Massimo, Oldmeadow, Christopher, Peter Prins, Bram, Qian, Yong, Sargurupremraj, Muralidharan, Shah, Nabi, Surendran, Praveen, Thériault, Sébastien, Verweij, Niek, Willems, Sara M, Zhao, Jing-Hua, Connell, John, de Mutsert, Renée, Doney, Alex SF, Farrall, Martin, Menni, Cristina, Morris, Andrew D, Noordam, Raymond, Paré, Guillaume, Poulter, Neil R, Shields, Denis C, Stanton, Alice, Thom, Simon, Abecasis, Gonçalo, Amin, Najaf, Arking, Dan E, Ayers, Kristin L, Barbieri, Caterina M, Batini, Chiara, Bis, Joshua C, Blake, Tineka, Bochud, Murielle, Boehnke, Michael, Boerwinkle, Eric, Boomsma, Dorret I, Bottinger, Erwin P, Braund, Peter S, Brumat, Marco, Campbell, Archie, Campbell, Harry, Chakravarti, Aravinda, Chambers, John C, Chauhan, Ganesh, Ciullo, Marina, Cocca, Massimiliano, Collins, Francis, Cordell, Heather J, Davies, Gail, de Borst, Martin H, de Geus, Eco J, Deary, Ian J, Deelen, Joris, Del Greco M, Fabiola, Yusuf Demirkale, Cumhur, Dörr, Marcus, Ehret, Georg B, Elosua, Roberto, Enroth, Stefan, Mesut Erzurumluoglu, A, Ferreira, Teresa, Frånberg, Mattias, Franco, Oscar H, Gandin, Ilaria, Gasparini, Paolo, Giedraitis, Vilmantas, Gieger, Christian, Girotto, Giorgia, Goel, Anuj, Gow, Alan J, Gudnason, Vilmundur, Guo, Xiuqing, Gyllensten, Ulf, Hamsten, Anders, Harris, Tamara B, Harris, Sarah E, Hartman, Catharina A, Havulinna, Aki S, Hicks, Andrew A, Hofer, Edith, Hofman, Albert, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Huffman, Jennifer E, Hwang, Shih-Jen, Ingelsson, Erik, James, Alan, Jansen, Rick, Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Joehanes, Roby, Johansson, Åsa, Johnson, Andrew D, Joshi, Peter K, Jousilahti, Pekka, Wouter Jukema, J, Jula, Antti, Kähönen, Mika, Kathiresan, Sekar, Keavney, Bernard D, Khaw, Kay-Tee, Knekt, Paul, Knight, Joanne, Kolcic, Ivana, Kooner, Jaspal S, Koskinen, Seppo, Kristiansson, Kati, Kutalik, Zoltan, Laan, Maris, Larson, Marty, Launer, Lenore J, Lehne, Benjamin, Lehtimäki, Terho, Liewald, David CM, Lin, Li, Lind, Lars, Lindgren, Cecilia M, Liu, YongMei, Loos, Ruth JF, Lopez, Lorna M, Lu, Yingchang, Lyytikäinen, Leo-Pekka, Mahajan, Anubha, Mamasoula, Chrysovalanto, Marrugat, Jaume, Marten, Jonathan, Milaneschi, Yuri, Morgan, Anna, Morris, Andrew P, Morrison, Alanna C, Munson, Peter J, Nalls, Mike A, Nandakumar, Priyanka, Nelson, Christopher P, Niiranen, Teemu, Nolte, Ilja M, Nutile, Teresa, Oldehinkel, Albertine J, Oostra, Ben A, O’Reilly, Paul F, Org, Elin, Padmanabhan, Sandosh, Palmas, Walter, Palotie, Aarno, Pattie, Alison, WJH Penninx, Brenda, Perola, Markus, Peters, Annette, Polasek, Ozren, Pramstaller, Peter P, Tri Nguyen, Quang, Raitakari, Olli T, Rettig, Rainer, Rice, Kenneth, Ridker, Paul M, Ried, Janina S, Riese, Harriëtte, Ripatti, Samuli, Robino, Antonietta, Rose, Lynda M, Rotter, Jerome I, Rudan, Igor, Ruggiero, Daniela, Saba, Yasaman, Sala, Cinzia F, Salomaa, Veikko, Samani, Nilesh J, Sarin, Antti-Pekka, Schmidt, Reinhold, Schmidt, Helena, Shrine, Nick, Siscovick, David, Smith, Albert V, Snieder, Harold, Sõber, Siim, Sorice, Rossella, Starr, John M, Stott, David J, Strachan, David P, Strawbridge, Rona J, Sundström, Johan, Swertz, Morris A, Taylor, Kent D, Teumer, Alexander, Tobin, Martin D, Tomaszewski, Maciej, Toniolo, Daniela, Traglia, Michela, Trompet, Stella, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Tzourio, Christophe, Uitterlinden, André G, Vaez, Ahmad, van der Most, Peter J, van Duijn, Cornelia M, Verwoert, Germaine C, Vitart, Veronique, Völker, Uwe, Vollenweider, Peter, Vuckovic, Dragana, Watkins, Hugh, Wild, Sarah H, Willemsen, Gonneke, Wilson, James F, Wright, Alan F, Yao, Jie, Zemunik, Tatijana, Zhang, Weihua, Attia, John R, Butterworth, Adam S, Chasman, Daniel I, Conen, David, Cucca, Francesco, Danesh, John, Hayward, Caroline, Howson, Joanna MM, Laakso, Markku, Lakatta, Edward G, Langenberg, Claudia, Melander, Olle, Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O, Palmer, Colin NA, Risch, Lorenz, Scott, Robert A, Scott, Rodney J, Sever, Peter, Spector, Tim D, van der Harst, Pim, Wareham, Nicholas J, Zeggini, Eleftheria, Levy, Daniel, Munroe, Patricia B, Newton-Cheh, Christopher, Brown, Morris J, Metspalu, Andres, Psaty, Bruce M., Wain, Louise V, Elliott, Paul, Caulfield, Mark J, Gormley, Padhraig, Anttila, Verneri, Palta, Priit, Esko, Tonu, Pers, Tune H, Farh, Kai-How, Cuenca-Leon, Ester, Muona, Mikko, Furlotte, Nicholas A, Kurth, Tobias, Ingason, Andres, McMahon, George, Ligthart, Lannie, Terwindt, Gisela M, Kallela, Mikko, Freilinger, Tobias M, Ran, Caroline, Gordon, Scott G, Stam, Anine H, Steinberg, Stacy, Borck, Guntram, Koiranen, Markku, Quaye, Lydia, Adams, Hieab H H, Lehtimäki, Terho, Sarin, Antti-Pekka, Wedenoja, Juho, Hinds, David A, Buring, Julie E, Schürks, Markus, Ridker, Paul M, Gudlaug Hrafnsdottir, Maria, Stefansson, Hreinn, Ring, Susan M, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Penninx, Brenda W J H, Färkkilä, Markus, Artto, Ville, Kaunisto, Mari, Vepsäläinen, Salli, Malik, Rainer, Heath, Andrew C, Madden, Pamela A F, Martin, Nicholas G, Montgomery, Grant W, Kurki, Mitja I, Kals, Mart, Mägi, Reedik, Pärn, Kalle, Hämäläinen, Eija, Huang, Hailiang, Byrnes, Andrea E, Franke, Lude, Huang, Jie, Stergiakouli, Evie, Lee, Phil H, Sandor, Cynthia, Webber, Caleb, Cader, Zameel, Muller-Myhsok, Bertram, Schreiber, Stefan, Meitinger, Thomas, Eriksson, Johan G, Salomaa, Veikko, Heikkilä, Kauko, Loehrer, Elizabeth, Uitterlinden, Andre G, Hofman, Albert, van Duijn, Cornelia M, Cherkas, Lynn, Pedersen, Linda M, Stubhaug, Audun, Nielsen, Christopher S, Männikkö, Minna, Mihailov, Evelin, Milani, Lili, Göbel, Hartmut, Esserlind, Ann-Louise, Francke Christensen, Anne, Folkmann Hansen, Thomas, Werge, Thomas, Kaprio, Jaakko, Aromaa, Arpo J, Raitakari, Olli, Arfan Ikram, M, Spector, Tim, Järvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Metspalu, Andres, Kubisch, Christian, Strachan, David P, Ferrari, Michel D, Belin, Andrea C, Dichgans, Martin, Wessman, Maija, van den Maagdenberg, Arn M J M, Boomsma, Dorret I, Davey Smith, George, Stefansson, Kari, Eriksson, Nicholas, Daly, Mark J, Neale, Benjamin M, Olesen, Jes, Chasman, Daniel I, Nyholt, Dale R, Palotie, Aarno, Akiyama, Masato, Alg, Varinder S., Børte, Sigrid, Broderick, Joseph P., Brumpton, Ben M., Dauvillier, Jérôme, Desal, Hubert, Dina, Christian, Friedrich, Christoph M., Gaál-Paavola, Emília I., Gentric, Jean-Christophe, Hirsch, Sven, Hostettler, Isabel C., Houlden, Henry, Hveem, Kristian, Jääskeläinen, Juha E., Johnsen, Marianne Bakke, Li, Liming, Lin, Kuang, Lindgren, Antti, Martin, Olivier, Matsuda, Koichi, Millwood, Iona Y., Naggara, Olivier, Niemelä, Mika, Pera, Joanna, Redon, Richard, Rouleau, Guy A., Sandvei, Marie Søfteland, Schilling, Sabine, Shotar, Eimad, Slowik, Agnieszka, Terao, Chikashi, Verschuren, W. M. Monique, Walters, Robin G., Werring, David J., Willer, Cristen J., Woo, Daniel, Worrall, Bradford B., and Zhou, Sirui
Published: 2023
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2. HMG-CoA reductase is a potential therapeutic target for migraine: a mendelian randomization study.

Author: Qu, Kang, Li, Ming-xi, Yu, Peng, Palotie, Aarno, Pressman, Alice, Belin, Andrea C., Bjornsdottir, Anna, van den Maagdenberg, Arn M. J. M., Harder, Aster V. E., Winsvold, Bendik S., Müller-Myhsok, Bertram, Cormand, Bru, Ran, Caroline, Northover, Carrie, Kubisch, Christian, van Duijn, Cornelia, Nyholt, Dale R., Chasman, Daniel I., Posthuma, Danielle, and Lessel, Davor
Abstract: Statins are thought to have positive effects on migraine but existing data are inconclusive. We aimed to evaluate the causal effect of such drugs on migraines using Mendelian randomization. We used four types of genetic instruments as proxies for HMG-CoA reductase inhibition. We included the expression quantitative trait loci of the HMG-CoA reductase gene and genetic variation within or near the HMG-CoA reductase gene region. Variants were associated with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, and total cholesterol. Genome-wide association study summary data for the three lipids were obtained from the UK Biobank. Comparable data for migraine were obtained from the International Headache Genetic Consortium and the FinnGen Consortium. Inverse variance weighting method was used for the primary analysis. Additional analyses included pleiotropic robust methods, colocalization, and meta-analysis. Genetically determined high expression of HMG-CoA reductase was associated with an increased risk of migraines (OR = 1.55, 95% CI 1.30–1.84, P = 6.87 × 10−7). Similarly, three genetically determined HMG-CoA reductase-mediated lipids were associated with an increased risk of migraine. These conclusions were consistent across meta-analyses. We found no evidence of bias caused by pleiotropy or genetic confounding factors. These findings support the hypothesis that statins can be used to treat migraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024
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3. Investigation of Shared Genetic Risk Factors Between Parkinson's Disease and Cancers

Author: Sugier, Pierre-Emmanuel, Lucotte, Elise A., Domenighetti, Cloé, Law, Matthew H., Iles, Mark M., Brown, Kevin, Amos, Christopher, McKay, James D., Hung, Rayjean J., Karimi, Mojgan, Bacq-Daian, Delphine, Boland-Augé, Anne, Olaso, Robert, Deleuze, Jean-François, Lesueur, Fabienne, Ostroumova, Evgenia, Kesminiene, Ausrele, de Vathaire, Florent, Guénel, Pascal, consortium, The Epithyr, Sreelatha, Ashwin Ashok Kumar, Schulte, Claudia, Grover, Sandeep, May, Patrick, Bobbili, Dheeraj Reddy, Radivojkov-Blagojevic, Milena, Lichtner, Peter, Singleton, Andrew B., Hernandez, Dena G., Edsall, Connor, Mellick, George D., Zimprich, Alexander, Pirker, Walter, Rogaeva, Ekaterina, Lang, Anthony E., Koks, Sulev, Taba, Pille, Lesage, Suzanne, Brice, Alexis, Corvol, Jean-Christophe, Chartier-Harlin, Marie-Christine, Mutez, Eugénie, Brockmann, Kathrin, Deutschländer, Angela B., Hadjigeorgiou, Georges M., Dardiotis, Efthimios, Stefanis, Leonidas, Simitsi, Athina Maria, Valente, Enza Maria, Petrucci, Simona, Straniero, Letizia, Zecchinelli, Anna, Pezzoli, Gianni, Brighina, Laura, Ferrarese, Carlo, Annesi, Grazia, Quattrone, Andrea, Gagliardi, Monica, Matsuo, Hirotaka, Nakayama, Akiyoshi, Hattori, Nobutaka, Nishioka, Kenya, Chung, Sun Ju, Kim, Yun Joong, Kolber, Pierre, van de Warrenburg, Bart P. C., Bloem, Bastiaan R., Aasly, Jan, Toft, Mathias, Pihlstrøm, Lasse, Guedes, Leonor Correia, Ferreira, Joaquim J., Bardien, Soraya, Carr, Jonathan, Tolosa, Eduardo, Ezquerra, Mario, Pastor, Pau, Diez-Fairen, Monica, Wirdefeldt, Karin, Pedersen, Nancy, Ran, Caroline, Belin, Andrea C., Puschmann, Andreas, Rödström, Emil Ygland, Clarke, Carl E., Morrison, Karen E., Tan, Manuela, Krainc, Dimitri, Burbulla, Lena F., Farrer, Matt J., Krüger, Rejko, Gasser, Thomas, Sharma, Manu, Landoulsi, Zied, consortium, Courage-PD, Truong, Thérèse, Elbaz, Ales, JPND Courage-PD [sponsor], Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB): Bioinformatics Core (R. Schneider Group) [research center], and Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB): Clinical & Experimental Neuroscience (Krüger Group) [research center]
Subjects: Male, Lung Neoplasms, Parkinson's disease, Neurology [D14] [Human health sciences], RESEARCH ARTICLES, RESEARCH ARTICLE, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, genetics [Parkinson Disease], Risk Factors, pleiotropy, Humans, cancer, ddc:610, genetics [Genetic Predisposition to Disease], Ovarian Neoplasms, Neurologie [D14] [Sciences de la santé humaine], Prostatic Neoplasms, Disorders of movement Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 3], genetic correlation, parkinson's disease, polygenic risk score, epidemiology [Melanoma], Neurology, genetics [Melanoma], genetics [Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide], Female, epidemiology [Parkinson Disease], Genetics & genetic processes [F10] [Life sciences], Neurology (clinical), Génétique & processus génétiques [F10] [Sciences du vivant], Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract: BackgroundEpidemiological studies that examined the association between Parkinson's disease (PD) and cancers led to inconsistent results, but they face a number of methodological difficulties.ObjectiveWe used results from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) to study the genetic correlation between PD and different cancers to identify common genetic risk factors.MethodsWe used individual data for participants of European ancestry from the Courage-PD (Comprehensive Unbiased Risk Factor Assessment for Genetics and Environment in Parkinson's Disease; PD, N = 16,519) and EPITHYR (differentiated thyroid cancer, N = 3527) consortia and summary statistics of GWASs from iPDGC (International Parkinson Disease Genomics Consortium; PD, N = 482,730), Melanoma Meta-Analysis Consortium (MMAC), Breast Cancer Association Consortium (breast cancer), the Prostate Cancer Association Group to Investigate Cancer Associated Alterations in the Genome (prostate cancer), International Lung Cancer Consortium (lung cancer), and Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium (ovarian cancer) (N comprised between 36,017 and 228,951 for cancer GWASs). We estimated the genetic correlation between PD and cancers using linkage disequilibrium score regression. We studied the association between PD and polymorphisms associated with cancers, and vice versa, using cross-phenotypes polygenic risk score (PRS) analyses.ResultsWe confirmed a previously reported positive genetic correlation of PD with melanoma (Gcorr = 0.16 [0.04; 0.28]) and reported an additional significant positive correlation of PD with prostate cancer (Gcorr = 0.11 [0.03; 0.19]). There was a significant inverse association between the PRS for ovarian cancer and PD (odds ratio [OR] = 0.89 [0.84; 0.94]). Conversely, the PRS of PD was positively associated with breast cancer (OR = 1.08 [1.06; 1.10]) and inversely associated with ovarian cancer (OR = 0.95 [0.91; 0.99]). The association between PD and ovarian cancer was mostly driven by rs183211 located in an intron of the NSF gene (17q21.31).ConclusionsWe show evidence in favor of a contribution of pleiotropic genes to the association between PD and specific cancers. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
Published: 2023

4. Molecular genetic overlap between migraine and major depressive disorder

Author: Yang, Yuanhao, Zhao, Huiying, Boomsma, Dorret I, Ligthart, Lannie, Belin, Andrea C., Smith, George Davey, Esko, Tonu, Freilinger, Tobias M., Hansen, Thomas Folkmann, Ikram, M. Arfan, Kallela, Mikko, Kubisch, Christian, Paraskevi, Christofidou, Strachan, David P., Wessman, Maija, The International Headache Genetics Consortium, van den Maagdenberg, Arn M. J. M., Terwindt, Gisela M., and Nyholt, Dale R.
Published: 2018
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5. Multimorbidity and Sickness Absence/Disability Pension in Patients With Cluster Headache and Matched References

Author: Ran, Caroline, primary, Alexanderson, Kristina, additional, Belin, Andrea C., additional, Almondo, Gino, additional, Steinberg, Anna, additional, and Sjöstrand, Christina, additional
Published: 2023
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6. A causal effects of gut microbiota in the development of migraine.

Author: He, Qiang, Wang, Wenjing, Xiong, Yang, Tao, Chuanyuan, Ma, Lu, Ma, Junpeng, You, Chao, Anttila, Verneri, Artto, Ville, Belin, Andrea C., Bjornsdottir, Anna, Bjornsdottir, Gyda, Boomsma, Dorret I., Børte, Sigrid, Chalmer, Mona A., Chasman, Daniel I., Cormand, Bru, Cuenca-Leon, Ester, Davey-Smith, George, and de Boer, Irene
Subjects: MIGRAINE diagnosis, BRAIN, GASTROINTESTINAL system, GUT microbiome, MIGRAINE, SINGLE nucleotide polymorphisms, GENOME-wide association studies, HEADACHE
Abstract: Background: The causal association between the gut microbiome and the development of migraine and its subtypes remains unclear. Methods: The single nucleotide polymorphisms concerning gut microbiome were retrieved from the gene-wide association study (GWAS) of the MiBioGen consortium. The summary statistics datasets of migraine, migraine with aura (MA), and migraine without aura (MO) were obtained from the GWAS meta-analysis of the International Headache Genetics Consortium (IHGC) and FinnGen consortium. Inverse variance weighting (IVW) was used as the primary method, complemented by sensitivity analyses for pleiotropy and increasing robustness. Results: In IHGC datasets, ten, five, and nine bacterial taxa were found to have a causal association with migraine, MA, and MO, respectively, (IVW, all P < 0.05). Genus.Coprococcus3 and genus.Anaerotruncus were validated in FinnGen datasets. Nine, twelve, and seven bacterial entities were identified for migraine, MA, and MO, respectively. The causal association still exists in family.Bifidobacteriaceae and order.Bifidobacteriales for migraine and MO after FDR correction. The heterogeneity and pleiotropy analyses confirmed the robustness of IVW results. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that gut microbiomes may exert causal effects on migraine, MA, and MO. We provide novel evidence for the dysfunction of the gut-brain axis on migraine. Future study is required to verify the relationship between gut microbiome and the risk of migraine and its subtypes and illustrate the underlying mechanism between them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2023
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7. Sex Differences in Clinical Features, Treatment, and Lifestyle Factors in Patients With Cluster Headache

Author: Fourier, Carmen, primary, Ran, Caroline, additional, Steinberg, Anna, additional, Sjöstrand, Christina, additional, Waldenlind, Elisabet, additional, and Belin, Andrea C, additional
Published: 2022
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8. Genome-wide Association and Meta-analysis of Age at Onset in Parkinson Disease: Evidence From the COURAGE-PD Consortium

Author: Grover, Sandeep, Kumar Sreelatha, Ashwin Ashok, Landoulsi, Zied, May, Patrick, Bobbili, Dheeraj, Edsall, Connor, Bartusch, Felix, Hanussek, Maximilian, Krüger, Jens, Hernandez, Dena G, Blauwendraat, Cornelis, Mellick, George D, Pihlstrom, Lasse, Zimprich, Alexander, Pirker, Walter, Tan, Manuela, Rogaeva, Ekaterina, Lang, Anthony, Koks, Sulev, Taba, Pille, Lesage, Suzanne, Brice, Alexis, Corvol, Jean-Christophe, Domenighetti, Cloé, Chartier-Harlin, Marie-Christine, Mutez, Eugenie, Brockmann, Kathrin, Deutschländer, Angela B, Hadjigeorgiou, Georges M, Dardiotis, Efthimos, Stefanis, Leonidas, Simitsi, Athina Maria, Valente, Enza Maria, Petrucci, Simona, Schulte, Claudia, Straniero, Letizia, Zecchinelli, Anna, Pezzoli, Gianni, Brighina, Laura, Ferrarese, Carlo, Annesi, Grazia, Quattrone, Andrea, Gagliardi, Monica, Burbulla, Lena F, Matsuo, Hirotaka, Sugier, Pierre-Emmanuel, Kawamura, Yusuke, Hattori, Nobutaka, Nishioka, Kenya, Chung, Sun Ju, Kim, Yun Joong, Pavelka, Lukas, van de Warrenburg, Bart P C, Bloem, Bastiaan R, Singleton, Andrew B, Aasly, Jan, Radivojkov-Blagojevic, Milena, Toft, Mathias, Guedes, Leonor Correia, Ferreira, Joaquim J, Bardien, Soraya, Carr, Jonathan, Tolosa, Eduardo, Ezquerra, Mario, Pastor, Pau, Diez-Fairen, Monica, Wirdefeldt, Karin, Lichtner, Peter, Pedersen, Nancy L, Ran, Caroline, Belin, Andrea C, Puschmann, Andreas, Hellberg, Clara, Clarke, Carl E, Morrison, Karen E, Krainc, Dimitri, Farrer, Matt J, Kruger, Rejko, Mohamed, Océane, Elbaz, Alexis, Gasser, Thomas, Sharma, Manu, Genetics, and the Comprehensive Unbiased Risk Factor Assessment for, Disease, Environment in Parkinson's, Portugal, Berta, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut du Cerveau = Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'investigation clinique Neurosciences [CHU Pitié Salpêtrière] (CIC Neurosciences), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Lille Neurosciences & Cognition - U 1172 (LilNCog), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), FOR2488, INTER/DFG/17/11583046, INTER/DFG/19/14429377, Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, MJFF, EU Joint Programme – Neurodegenerative Disease Research, JPND: 01ED1406, Multiple System Atrophy Coalition, MSA, European Commission, EC: EP1802749, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG: DFG/SH 599/6-1, Fonds National de la Recherche Luxembourg, FNR: FNR/P13/6682797, Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF, Université Paris-Saclay, The COURAGE-PD Consortium is conducted under a partnership agreement between 35 studies. The COURAGE-PD Consortium is supported by the EU Joint Program for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (JPND, neurodegenerationresearch.eu/initiatives/annual-calls-for-proposals/closed-calls/risk-factors-2012/risk-factor-call-results/courage-pd/ , Grant ID: 01ED1406)., and The Article Processing Charge was funded by the authors.
Subjects: parkinson’s disease, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], burden of disease, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Duration of disease, genetic heritability, duration of disease, genetics [Parkinson Disease], age at onset, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, ddc:610, Age of Onset, genetics [Genetic Predisposition to Disease], Burden of disease, Age at onset, Parkinson Disease, Disorders of movement Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 3], Courage, Parkinson’s disease, Genetic heritability, Female, Neurology (clinical), epidemiology [Parkinson Disease], Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract: Background and ObjectivesConsiderable heterogeneity exists in the literature concerning genetic determinants of the age at onset (AAO) of Parkinson disease (PD), which could be attributed to a lack of well-powered replication cohorts. The previous largest genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified SNCA and TMEM175 loci on chromosome (Chr) 4 with a significant influence on the AAO of PD; these have not been independently replicated. This study aims to conduct a meta-analysis of GWAS of PD AAO and validate previously observed findings in worldwide populations.MethodsA meta-analysis was performed on PD AAO GWAS of 30 populations of predominantly European ancestry from the Comprehensive Unbiased Risk Factor Assessment for Genetics and Environment in Parkinson's Disease (COURAGE-PD) Consortium. This was followed by combining our study with the largest publicly available European ancestry dataset compiled by the International Parkinson Disease Genomics Consortium (IPDGC).ResultsThe COURAGE-PD Consortium included a cohort of 8,535 patients with PD (91.9%: Europeans and 9.1%: East Asians). The average AAO in the COURAGE-PD dataset was 58.9 years (SD = 11.6), with an underrepresentation of females (40.2%). The heritability estimate for AAO in COURAGE-PD was 0.083 (SE = 0.057). None of the loci reached genome-wide significance (p < 5 × 10−8). Nevertheless, the COURAGE-PD dataset confirmed the role of the previously published TMEM175 variant as a genetic determinant of the AAO of PD with Bonferroni-corrected nominal levels of significance (p < 0.025): (rs34311866: β(SE)COURAGE = 0.477(0.203), pCOURAGE = 0.0185). The subsequent meta-analysis of COURAGE-PD and IPDGC datasets (Ntotal = 25,950) led to the identification of 2 genome-wide significant association signals on Chr 4, including the previously reported SNCA locus (rs983361: β(SE)COURAGE+IPDGC = 0.720(0.122), pCOURAGE+IPDGC = 3.13 × 10−9) and a novel BST1 locus (rs4698412: β(SE)COURAGE+IPDGC = −0.526(0.096), pCOURAGE+IPDGC = 4.41 × 10−8).DiscussionOur study further refines the genetic architecture of Chr 4 underlying the AAO of the PD phenotype through the identification of BST1 as a novel AAO PD locus. These findings open a new direction for the development of treatments to delay the onset of PD.
Published: 2022

9. Genome-wide Association and Meta-analysis of Age-at-Onset in Parkinson Disease: Evidence From COURAGE-PD Consortium 10.1212/WNL.0000000000200699

Author: Grover, Sandeep, Ashwin, Ashok Kumar Sreelatha, Pihlstrom, Lasse, Domenighetti, Cloé, Schulte, Claudia, Sugier, Pierre-Emmanuel, Radivojkov-Blagojevic, Milena, Lichtner, Peter, Mohamed, Océane, Portugal, Berta, Landoulsi, Zied, May, Patrick, Bobbili, Dheeraj Reddy, Edsall, Connor, Bartusch, Felix, Hanussek, Maximilian, Krüger, Jens, Hernandez, Dena G., Blauwendraat, Cornelis, Mellick, George D., Zimprich, Alexander, Pirker, Walter, Tan, Manuela, Rogaeva, Ekaterina, Lang, Anthony, Koks, Sulev, Taba, Pille, Lesage, Suzanne, Brice, Alexis, Corvol, Jean-Christophe, Chartier-Harlin, Marie-Christine, Mutez, Eugenie, Brockmann, Kathrin, Deutschländer, Angela B., Hadjigeorgiou, Georges M., Dardiotis, Efthimos, Stefanis, Leonidas, Simitsi, Athina Maria, Valente, Enza Maria, Petrucci, Simona, Straniero, Letizia, Zecchinelli, Anna, Pezzoli, Gianni, Brighina, Laura, Ferrarese, Carlo, Annesi, Grazia, Quattrone, Andrea, Gagliardi, Monica, Burbulla, Lena F., Matsuo, Hirotaka, Kawamura, Yusuke, Hattori, Nobutaka, Nishioka, Kenya, Chung, Sun Ju, Kim, Yun Joong, Pavelka, Lukas, van de Warrenburg, Bart P. C., Bloem, Bastiaan R., Singleton, Andrew B., Aasly, Jan, Toft, Mathias, Guedes, Leonor Correia, Ferreira, Joaquim J., Bardien, Soraya, Carr, Jonathan, Tolosa, Eduardo, Ezquerra, Mario, Pastor, Pau, Diez-Fairen, Monica, Wirdefeldt, Karin, Pedersen, Nancy L., Ran, Caroline, Belin, Andrea C., Puschmann, Andreas, Hellberg, Clara, Clarke, Carl E., Morrison, Karen E., Krainc, Dimitri, Farrer, Matt J., Krüger, Rejko, Elbaz, Alexis, Gasser, Thomas, Sharma, Manu, of, On Behalf, Genetics, The Comprehensive Unbiased Risk Factor Assessment For, consortium, Environment In Parkinson Textquoterights Disease Courage-P. D., Fonds National de la Recherche - FnR [sponsor], Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB): Bioinformatics Core (R. Schneider Group) [research center], and Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB): Clinical & Experimental Neuroscience (Krüger Group) [research center]
Subjects: Neurologie [D14] [Sciences de la santé humaine], Parkinson's disease, Neurology [D14] [Human health sciences], Age of onset, GWAS, Genetics & genetic processes [F10] [Life sciences], Génétique & processus génétiques [F10] [Sciences du vivant]
Abstract: Background and Objectives: Considerable heterogeneity exists in the literature concerning genetic determinants of the age of onset (AAO) of Parkinson\textquoterights disease (PD), which could be attributed to lack of well-powered replication cohorts. The previous largest GWAS identified SNCA and TMEM175 loci on chromosome (Chr) 4 with a significant influence on AAO of PD, these have not been independently replicated. The present study aims to conduct a meta-analysis of GWAS of PD AAO and validate previously observed findings in worldwide populations.Methods: A meta-analysis was performed on PD AAO GWAS of 30 populations of predominantly European ancestry from the Comprehensive Unbiased Risk Factor Assessment for Genetics and Environment in Parkinson\textquoterights Disease (COURAGE-PD) consortium. This was followed up by combining our study with the largest publicly available European ancestry dataset compiled by the International Parkinson disease Genomics Consortium (IPDGC).Results: The COURAGE-PD included a cohort of 8,535 patients with PD (91.9\%: Europeans, 9.1\%: East-Asians). The average AAO in the COURAGE-PD dataset was 58.9 years (SD=11.6), with an under-representation of females (40.2\%). The heritability estimate for AAO in COURAGE-PD was 0.083 (SE=0.057). None of the loci reached genome-wide significance (P\
Published: 2022

10. The Interaction between HLA-DRB1 and Smoking in Parkinson's Disease Revisited

Author: Domenighetti, Cloé, Douillard, Venceslas, Sugier, Pierre-Emmanuel, Sreelatha, Ashwin Ashok Kumar, Schulte, Claudia, Grover, Sandeep, May, Patrick, Bobbili, Dheeraj Reddy, Radivojkov-Blagojevic, Milena, Lichtner, Peter, Singleton, Andrew B., Hernandez, Dena G., Edsall, Connor, Gourraud, Pierre-Antoine, Mellick, George D., Zimprich, Alexander, Pirker, Walter, Rogaeva, Ekaterina, Lang, Anthony E., Koks, Sulev, Taba, Pille, Lesage, Suzanne, Brice, Alexis, Corvol, Jean-Christophe, Chartier-Harlin, Marie-Christine, Mutez, Eugénie, Brockmann, Kathrin, Deutschländer, Angela B., Hadjigeorgiou, Georges M., Dardiotis, Efthimos, Stefanis, Leonidas, Simitsi, Athina Maria, Valente, Enza Maria, Petrucci, Simona, Duga, Stefano, Straniero, Letizia, Zecchinelli, Anna, Pezzoli, Gianni, Brighina, Laura, Ferrarese, Carlo, Annesi, Grazia, Quattrone, Andrea, Gagliardi, Monica, Matsuo, Hirotaka, Nakayama, Akiyoshi, Hattori, Nobutaka, Nishioka, Kenya, Chung, Sun Ju, Kim, Yun Joong, Kolber, Pierre, van de Warrenburg, Bart P. C., Bloem, Bastiaan R., Aasly, Jan, Toft, Mathias, Pihlstrøm, Lasse, Correia Guedes, Leonor, Ferreira, Joaquim J., Bardien, Soraya, Carr, Jonathan, Tolosa, Eduardo, Ezquerra, Mario, Pastor, Pau, Diez-Fairen, Monica, Wirdefeldt, Karin, Pedersen, Nancy L., Ran, Caroline, Belin, Andrea C., Puschmann, Andreas, Ygland Rödström, Emil, Clarke, Carl E., Morrison, Karen E., Tan, Manuela, KraincMD, Dimitri, Burbulla, Lena F., Farrer, Matt J., Krüger, Rejko, Gasser, Thomas, Sharma, Manu, Vince, Nicolas, Elbaz, Alexis, Genetics, Comprehensive Unbiased Risk Factor Assessment For, Consortium, Environment In Parkinson S Disease Courage-P. D., Fonds National de la Recherche - FnR [sponsor], Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB): Bioinformatics Core (R. Schneider Group) [research center], and Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB): Clinical & Experimental Neuroscience (Krüger Group) [research center]
Subjects: Neurologie [D14] [Sciences de la santé humaine], genetics [HLA-DRB1 Chains], Neurology [D14] [Human health sciences], Parkinson's disease, Smoking, Parkinson Disease, genetics [Smoking], Disorders of movement Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 3], Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, smoking, gene-environment interaction, HLA, Neurology, genetics [Parkinson Disease], genetics [Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide], Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, ddc:610, Genetics & genetic processes [F10] [Life sciences], Neurology (clinical), Génétique & processus génétiques [F10] [Sciences du vivant], HLA-DRB1 Chains
Abstract: Contains fulltext : 282469.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) BACKGROUND: Two studies that examined the interaction between HLA-DRB1 and smoking in Parkinson's disease (PD) yielded findings in opposite directions. OBJECTIVE: To perform a large-scale independent replication of the HLA-DRB1 × smoking interaction. METHODS: We genotyped 182 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) associated with smoking initiation in 12 424 cases and 9480 controls to perform a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis in strata defined by HLA-DRB1. RESULTS: At the amino acid level, a valine at position 11 (V11) in HLA-DRB1 displayed the strongest association with PD. MR showed an inverse association between genetically predicted smoking initiation and PD only in absence of V11 (odds ratio, 0.74, 95% confidence interval, 0.59-0.93, P(Interaction) = 0.028). In silico predictions of the influence of V11 and smoking-induced modifications of α-synuclein on binding affinity showed findings consistent with this interaction pattern. CONCLUSIONS: Despite being one of the most robust findings in PD research, the mechanisms underlying the inverse association between smoking and PD remain unknown. Our findings may help better understand this association. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Published: 2022

11. Dairy Intake and Parkinson's Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Study

Author: Domenighetti, Cloé, Sugier, Pierre-Emmanuel, Lichtner, Peter, Singleton, Andrew B, Hernandez, Dena Michelle Godwin, Edsall, Connor, Mellick, George D, Zimprich, Alexander, Pirker, Walter, Rogaeva, Ekaterina, Lang, Anthony E, Koks, Sulev, Ashok Kumar Sreelatha, Ashwin, Taba, Pille, Lesage, Suzanne, Brice, Alexis, Corvol, Jean-Christophe, Chartier-Harlin, Marie-Christine, Mutez, Eugénie, Brockmann, Kathrin, Deutschländer, Angela B, Hadjigeorgiou, Georges M, Dardiotis, Efthimos, Schulte, Claudia, Stefanis, Leonidas, Simitsi, Athina Maria, Valente, Enza Maria, Petrucci, Simona, Duga, Stefano, Straniero, Letizia, Zecchinelli, Anna, Pezzoli, Gianni, Brighina, Laura, Ferrarese, Carlo, Grover, Sandeep, Annesi, Grazia, Quattrone, Andrea, Gagliardi, Monica, Matsuo, Hirotaka, Kawamura, Yusuke, Hattori, Nobutaka, Nishioka, Kenya, Chung, Sun Ju, Kim, Yun Joong, Kolber, Pierre, Mohamed, Océane, van de Warrenburg, Bart P C, Bloem, Bastiaan R, Aasly, Jan, Toft, Mathias, Pihlstrøm, Lasse, Correia Guedes, Leonor, Ferreira, Joaquim J, Bardien, Soraya, Carr, Jonathan, Tolosa, Eduardo, Portugal, Berta, Ezquerra, Mario, Pastor, Pau, Diez-Fairen, Monica, Wirdefeldt, Karin, Pedersen, Nancy L, Ran, Caroline, Belin, Andrea C, Puschmann, Andreas, Hellberg, Clara, Clarke, Carl E, May, Patrick, Morrison, Karen E, Tan, Manuela, Krainc, Dimitri, Burbulla, Lena F, Farrer, Matt J, Krüger, Rejko, Gasser, Thomas, Sharma, Manu, Elbaz, Alexis, Genetics, and the Comprehensive Unbiased Risk Factor Assessment for, Bobbili, Dheeraj R, Disease, Environment in Parkinson's, Radivojkov-Blagojevic, Milena, and Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa
Subjects: Male, dairy intake, Parkinson's disease, Mendelian randomization, Parkinson Disease, Dairy intake, Mendelian Randomization Analysis, Disorders of movement Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 3], Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Neurology, genetics [Parkinson Disease], Risk Factors, adverse effects [Dairy Products], genetics [Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide], Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Female, Dairy Products, Neurology (clinical), ddc:610, epidemiology [Parkinson Disease], genetics [Genetic Predisposition to Disease], Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract: © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society, Background: Previous prospective studies highlighted dairy intake as a risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD), particularly in men. It is unclear whether this association is causal or explained by reverse causation or confounding. Objective: The aim is to examine the association between genetically predicted dairy intake and PD using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR). Methods: We genotyped a well-established instrumental variable for dairy intake located in the lactase gene (rs4988235) within the Courage-PD consortium (23 studies; 9823 patients and 8376 controls of European ancestry). Results: Based on a dominant model, there was an association between genetic predisposition toward higher dairy intake and PD (odds ratio [OR] per one serving per day = 1.70, 95% confidence interval = 1.12-2.60, P = 0.013) that was restricted to men (OR = 2.50 [1.37-4.56], P = 0.003; P-difference with women = 0.029). Conclusions: Using MR, our findings provide further support for a causal relationship between dairy intake and higher PD risk, not biased by confounding or reverse causation. Further studies are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society., This study used data from the Courage-PD consortium, conducted under a partnership agreement among 35 studies. The Courage-PD consortium is supported by the EU Joint Program for Neurodegenerative Disease research (JPND; https://www.neurodegenerationresearch.eu/initiatives/annual-calls-for-proposals/closed-calls/risk-factors-2012/risk-factor-call-results/courage-pd/). C.D. is the recipient of a doctoral grant from Université Paris-Saclay, France. P.M. was funded by the Fonds National de Recherche (FNR), Luxembourg, as part of the National Centre of Excellence in Research on Parkinson's Disease (NCER-PD, FNR11264123) and the DFG Research Units FOR2715 (INTER/DFG/17/11583046) and FOR2488 (INTER/DFG/19/14429377). A.B.S., D.G.H., and C.E. are funded by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, project ZO1 AG000949. E.R. is funded by the Canadian Consortium on Neurodegeneration in Aging. S.K. is funded by MSWA. P.T. is the recipient of an Estonian Research Council Grant PRG957. E.M.V. is funded by the Italian Ministry of Health (Ricerca Corrente 2021). S.B. and J.C. are supported by grants from the National Research Foundation of South Africa (grant number: 106052); the South African Medical Research Council (Self-Initiated Research Grant); and Stellenbosch University, South Africa; they also acknowledge the support of the NRF-DST Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research; South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research; and Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town. P.P. and M.D.-F. have received funding from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (SAF2013-47939-R). K.W. and N.L.P. are funded by the Swedish Research Council, grant numbers K2002-27X-14056-02B, 521-2010-2479, 521-2013-2488, and 2017-02175. N.L.P. is funded by the National Institutes of Health, grant numbers ES10758 and AG 08724. C.R. is funded by the Märta Lundkvist Foundation, Swedish Brain Foundation, and Karolinska Institutet Research Fund. A.C.B. is funded by the Swedish Brain Foundation, Swedish Research Council, and Karolinska Institutet Research Funds. M.T. (M. Tan) is funded by the Parkinson's UK. M.S. was supported by grants from the German Research Council (DFG/SH 599/6-1), MSA Coalition, and The Michael J. Fox Foundation (USA Genetic Diversity in PD Program: GAP-India Grant ID: 17473). PG GEN sample collection was funded by the MRC and UK Medical Research Council (C.E.C. and K.E.M.).
Published: 2022

12. Causal relationships between migraine and microstructural white matter: a Mendelian randomization study.

Author: Zhao, Lei, Zhao, Wenhui, International Headache Genetics Consortium (IHGC), Anttila, Verneri, Artto, Ville, Belin, Andrea C., Bjornsdottir, Anna, Bjornsdottir, Gyda, Boomsma, Dorret I., Børte, Sigrid, Chalmer, Mona A., Chasman, Daniel I., Cormand, Bru, Cuenca-Leon, Ester, Davey-Smith, George, de Boer, Irene, Dichgans, Martin, Esko, Tonu, Freilinger, Tobias, and Gormley, Padhraig
Subjects: MIGRAINE risk factors, STATISTICS, WHITE matter (Nerve tissue), RISK assessment, GENOME-wide association studies, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, RESEARCH funding, ODDS ratio, DATA analysis, SENSITIVITY & specificity (Statistics), CAUSALITY (Physics)
Abstract: Background: Migraine is a disabling neurological disorder with the pathophysiology yet to be understood. The microstructural alteration in brain white matter (WM) has been suggested to be related to migraine in recent studies, but these evidence are observational essentially and cannot infer a causal relationship. The present study aims to reveal the causal relationship between migraine and microstructural WM using genetic data and Mendelian randomization (MR). Methods: We collected the Genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics of migraine (48,975 cases / 550,381 controls) and 360 WM imaging-derived phenotypes (IDPs) (31,356 samples) that were used to measure microstructural WM. Based on instrumental variables (IVs) selected from the GWAS summary statistics, we conducted bidirectional two-sample MR analyses to infer bidirectional causal associations between migraine and microstructural WM. In forward MR analysis, we inferred the causal effect of microstructural WM on migraine by reporting the odds ratio (OR) that quantified the risk change of migraine for per 1 standard deviation (SD) increase of IDPs. In reverse MR analysis, we inferred the causal effect of migraine on microstructural WM by reporting the β value that represented SDs of changes in IDPs were caused by migraine. Results: Three WM IDPs showed significant causal associations (p < 3.29 × 10− 4, Bonferroni correction) with migraine and were proved to be reliable via sensitivity analysis. The mode of anisotropy (MO) of left inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (OR = 1.76, p = 6.46 × 10− 5) and orientation dispersion index (OD) of right posterior thalamic radiation (OR = 0.78, p = 1.86 × 10− 4) exerted significant causal effects on migraine. Migraine exerted a significant causal effect on the OD of left superior cerebellar peduncle (β = − 0.09, p = 2.78 × 10− 4). Conclusions: Our findings provided genetic evidence for the causal relationships between migraine and microstructural WM, bringing new insights into brain structure for the development and experience of migraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2023
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13. Cerebral small vessel disease genomics and its implications across the lifespan

Author: Sargurupremraj, Muralidharan, Suzuki, Hideaki, Zhao, Wei, Okada, Yukinori, Mazoyer, Bernard, Wardlaw, Joanna M, Nyquist, Paul A, Mather, Karen A, Grabe, Hans, Schmidt, Helena, Van Duijn, Cornelia M, Gudnason, Vilmundur, Longstreth, William T, Armstrong, Nicola J, Launer, Lenore J, Lathrop, Mark, Seshadri, Sudha, Tzourio, Christophe, Adams, Hieab H, Matthews, Paul M, Fornage, Myriam, Debette, Stéphanie, Amouyel, Philippe, de Andrade, Mariza, Hofer, Edith, Basu, Saonli, Berr, Claudine, Brody, Jennifer A, Chasman, Daniel I, Dartigues, Jean-Francois, Folsom, Aaron R, Germain, Marine, de Haan, Hugoline, Heit, John, Houwing-Duitermaat, Jeanine, Yanek, Lisa R, Kabrhel, Christopher, Kraft, Peter, Legal, Grégoire, Lindström, Sara, Monajemi, Ramin, Morange, Pierre-Emmanuel, Psaty, Bruce M, Reitsma, Pieter H, Ridker, Paul M, Rose, Lynda M, Hagenaars, Saskia P, Rosendaal, Frits R, Saut, Noémie, Slagboom, Eline, Smadja, David, Smith, Nicholas L, Suchon, Pierre, Tang, Weihong, Taylor, Kent D, Trégouët, David-Alexandre, Kumar, Rajan B, de Visser, Marieke C H, van Hylckama Vlieg, Astrid, Weng, Lu-Chen, Wiggins, Kerri L, Gormley, Padhraig, Anttila, Verneri, Winsvold, Bendik S, Palta, Priit, Esko, Tonu, Pers, Tune H, van den Akker, Erik B, Farh, Kai-How, Cuenca-Leon, Ester, Muona, Mikko, Furlotte, Nicholas A, Kurth, Tobias, Ingason, Andres, McMahon, George, Ligthart, Lannie, Terwindt, Gisela M, Kallela, Mikko, McWhirter, Rebekah E, Freilinger, Tobias M, Ran, Caroline, Gordon, Scott G, Stam, Anine H, Steinberg, Stacy, Borck, Guntram, Koiranen, Markku, Quaye, Lydia, Adams, Hieab H H, Lehtimäki, Terho, Trompet, Stella, Sarin, Antti-Pekka, Wedenoja, Juho, Hinds, David A, Buring, Julie E, Schürks, Markus, Gudlaug Hrafnsdottir, Maria, Stefansson, Hreinn, Ring, Susan M, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Mishra, Aniket, Penninx, Brenda W J H, Färkkilä, Markus, Artto, Ville, Kaunisto, Mari, Vepsäläinen, Salli, Malik, Rainer, Heath, Andrew C, Madden, Pamela A F, Martin, Nicholas G, Montgomery, Grant W, Jian, Xueqiu, Saba, Yasaman, Kurki, Mitja, Kals, Mart, Mägi, Reedik, Pärn, Kalle, Hämäläinen, Eija, Huang, Hailiang, Byrnes, Andrea E, Franke, Lude, Huang, Jie, Stergiakouli, Evie, Satizabal, Claudia L, Lee, Phil H, Sandor, Cynthia, Webber, Caleb, Cader, Zameel, Muller-Myhsok, Bertram, Schreiber, Stefanie, Meitinger, Thomas, Eriksson, Johan G, Salomaa, Veikko, Heikkilä, Kauko, Beaudet, Gregory, Loehrer, Elizabeth, Uitterlinden, Andre G, Hofman, Albert, van Duijn, Cornelia M, Cherkas, Lynn, Pedersen, Linda M, Stubhaug, Audun, Nielsen, Christopher S, Männikkö, Minna, Mihailov, Evelin, Petit, Laurent, Milani, Lili, Göbel, Hartmut, Esserlind, Ann-Louise, Francke Christensen, Anne, Folkmann Hansen, Thomas, Werge, Thomas, Kaprio, Jaakko, Aromaa, Arpo J, Raitakari, Olli, Ikram, M Arfan, Tsuchida, Ami, Spector, Tim, Järvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Metspalu, Andres, Kubisch, Christian, Strachan, David P, Ferrari, Michel D, Belin, Andrea C, Dichgans, Martin, Wessman, Maija, van den Maagdenberg, Arn M J M, Zago, Laure, Zwart, John-Anker, Boomsma, Dorret I, Davey Smith, George, Stefansson, Kari, Eriksson, Nicholas, Daly, Mark J, Neale, Benjamin M, Olesen, Jes, Nyholt, Dale R, Schilling, Sabrina, Palotie, Aarno, Sigurdsson, Sigurdur, Gottesman, Rebecca F, Lewis, Cora E, Sarnowski, Chloé, Aggarwal, Neelum T, Lopez, Oscar L, Smith, Jennifer A, Valdés Hernández, Maria C, van der Grond, Jeroen, Wright, Margaret J, Knol, Maria J, Dörr, Marcus, Thomson, Russell J, Bordes, Constance, Evans, Tavia E, Le Grand, Quentin, Duperron, Marie-Gabrielle, Smith, Albert V, Knopman, David S, Schreiner, Pamela J, Evans, Denis A, Rotter, Jerome I, Beiser, Alexa S, Maniega, Susana Muñoz, Beekman, Marian, Bis, Joshua C, Trollor, Julian, Stott, David J, Vernooij, Meike W, Wittfeld, Katharina, Niessen, Wiro J, Soumaré, Aicha, Boerwinkle, Eric, Sidney, Stephen, Turner, Stephen T, Davies, Gail, Eiriksdottir, Gudny, Thalamuthu, Anbupalam, Völker, Uwe, van Buchem, Mark A, Bryan, R Nick, Dupuis, Josée, Bastin, Mark E, Ames, David, Teumer, Alexander, Kwok, John B, Sakaue, Saori, Bülow, Robin, Deary, Ian J, Schofield, Peter R, Brodaty, Henry, Jiang, Jiyang, Tabara, Yasuharu, Setoh, Kazuya, Miyamoto, Susumu, Yoshida, Kazumichi, Nagata, Manabu, Terzikhan, Natalie, Kamatani, Yoichiro, Matsuda, Fumihiko, Bennett, David A, De Jager, Philip L, Mosley, Thomas H, Sachdev, Perminder S, Schmidt, Reinhold, Warren, Helen R, Evangelou, Evangelos, Habes, Mohamad, Thrombosis, International Network against, Consortium, International Headache Genomics, Ikram, Mohammad A, Wen, Wei, DeCarli, Charles, Srikanth, Velandai K, Jukema, J Wouter, Slagboom, Eline P, Kardia, Sharon L R, Equipe VINTAGE - Inserm U1219 [Bordeaux], Bordeaux population health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Groupe d'imagerie neurofonctionnelle (GIN), Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives [Bordeaux] (IMN), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)
Subjects: Adult, Male, epidemiology [Alzheimer Disease], genetics [Alzheimer Disease], diagnosis [Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases], epidemiology [Hypertension], Genome-wide association studies, behavioral disciplines and activities, Risk Assessment, Article, diagnostic imaging [White Matter], Young Adult, Alzheimer Disease, Risk Factors, White matter disease, mental disorders, Humans, Medical History Taking, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, Mendelian Randomization Analysis, Middle Aged, White Matter, Stroke, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, Genetic Loci, Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases, complications [Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases], Hypertension, genetics [Stroke], genetics [Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases], Female, genetics [Hypertension], ddc:500, epidemiology [Stroke], Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract: White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are the most common brain-imaging feature of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD), hypertension being the main known risk factor. Here, we identify 27 genome-wide loci for WMH-volume in a cohort of 50,970 older individuals, accounting for modification/confounding by hypertension. Aggregated WMH risk variants were associated with altered white matter integrity (p = 2.5×10-7) in brain images from 1,738 young healthy adults, providing insight into the lifetime impact of SVD genetic risk. Mendelian randomization suggested causal association of increasing WMH-volume with stroke, Alzheimer-type dementia, and of increasing blood pressure (BP) with larger WMH-volume, notably also in persons without clinical hypertension. Transcriptome-wide colocalization analyses showed association of WMH-volume with expression of 39 genes, of which four encode known drug targets. Finally, we provide insight into BP-independent biological pathways underlying SVD and suggest potential for genetic stratification of high-risk individuals and for genetically-informed prioritization of drug targets for prevention trials., White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are a common brain-imaging feature of cerebral small vessel disease. Here, the authors carry out a GWAS and followup analyses for WMH-volume, implicating several variants with potential for risk stratification and drug targeting.
Published: 2020

14. A genome-wide cross-phenotype meta-analysis of the association of blood pressure with migraine

Author: Guo, Yanjun, Rist, Pamela M., Daghlas, Iyas, Giulianini, Franco, Gormley, Padhraig, Anttila, Verneri, Winsvold, Bendik S., Palta, Priit, Esko, Tonu, Pers, Tune H., Farh, Kai How, Cuenca-Leon, Ester, Muona, Mikko, Furlotte, Nicholas A., Kurth, Tobias, Ingason, Andres, McMahon, George, Ligthart, Lannie, Terwindt, Gisela M., Kallela, Mikko, Freilinger, Tobias M., Ran, Caroline, Gordon, Scott G., Stam, Anine H., Steinberg, Stacy, Borck, Guntram, Koiranen, Markku, Quaye, Lydia, Adams, Hieab H.H., Lehtimäki, Terho, Sarin, Antti Pekka, Wedenoja, Juho, Hinds, David A., Buring, Julie E., Schürks, Markus, Ridker, Paul M., Hrafnsdottir, Maria Gudlaug, Stefansson, Hreinn, Ring, Susan M., Hottenga, Jouke Jan, Penninx, Brenda W.J.H., Färkkilä, Markus, Artto, Ville, Kaunisto, Mari, Vepsäläinen, Salli, Malik, Rainer, Heath, Andrew C., Madden, Pamela A.F., Martin, Nicholas G., Montgomery, Grant W., Kurki, Mitja, Kals, Mart, Mägi, Reedik, Pärn, Kalle, Hämäläinen, Eija, Huang, Hailiang, Byrnes, Andrea E., Franke, Lude, Huang, Jie, Stergiakouli, Evie, Lee, Phil H., Sandor, Cynthia, Webber, Caleb, Cader, Zameel, Muller-Myhsok, Bertram, Schreiber, Stefan, Meitinger, Thomas, Eriksson, Johan G., Salomaa, Veikko, Heikkilä, Kauko, Loehrer, Elizabeth, Uitterlinden, Andre G., Hofman, Albert, Duijn, Cornelia M.van, Cherkas, Lynn, Pedersen, Linda M., Stubhaug, Audun, Nielsen, Christopher S., Männikkö, Minna, Mihailov, Evelin, Milani, Lili, Göbel, Hartmut, Esserlind, Ann Louise, Christensen, Anne Francke, Hansen, Thomas Folkmann, Werge, Thomas, Kaprio, Jaakko, Aromaa, Arpo J., Raitakari, Olli, Ikram, M. Arfan, Spector, Tim, Järvelin, Marjo Riitta, Metspalu, Andres, Kubisch, Christian, Strachan, David P., Ferrari, Michel D., Belin, Andrea C., Dichgans, Martin, Wessman, Maija, Maagdenberg, Arn M.J.M.van den, Zwart, John Anker, Boomsma, Dorret I., Smith, George Davey, Stefansson, Kari, Eriksson, Nicholas, Daly, Mark J., Neale, Benjamin M., Olesen, Jes, Chasman, Daniel I., Nyholt, Dale R., Palotie, Aarno, Agee, Michelle, Auton, Adam, Bell, Robert K., Bryc, Katarzyna, Elson, Sarah L., Fontanillas, Pierre, Huber, Karen E., Kleinman, Aaron, Litterman, Nadia K., McCreight, Jennifer C., McIntyre, Matthew H., Mountain, Joanna L., Noblin, Elizabeth S., Northover, Carrie A.M., Pitts, Steven J., Sathirapongsasuti, J. Fah, Sazonova, Olga V., Shelton, Janie F., Shringarpure, Suyash, Tian, Chao, Tung, Joyce Y., Vacic, Vladimir, Læknadeild (HÍ), Faculty of Medicine (UI), Heilbrigðisvísindasvið (HÍ), School of Health Sciences (UI), Háskóli Íslands, University of Iceland, APH - Mental Health, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Complex Trait Genetics, Psychiatry, APH - Digital Health, Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Epidemiology, Neurology, Internal Medicine, Biological Psychology, APH - Personalized Medicine, APH - Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, APH - Methodology, Clinicum, Neurologian yksikkö, HUS Neurocenter, HUS Helsinki and Uusimaa Hospital District, Department of Neurosciences, Research Programs Unit, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Neuroscience Center, STEMM - Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Genomics of Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Department of Public Health, Biosciences, Centre of Excellence in Complex Disease Genetics, Research Programme of Molecular Medicine, Aarno Palotie / Principal Investigator, Helsinki University Hospital Area, University of Helsinki, Johan Eriksson / Principal Investigator, and Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Netherlands Twin Register (NTR), Integrin beta Chains, LOCI, Medizin, General Physics and Astronomy, Blood Pressure, Genome-wide association study, Genome-wide association studies, DISEASE, 3124 Neurology and psychiatry, 0302 clinical medicine, HEADACHE, Risk Factors, Polymorphism (computer science), Genome-wide, lcsh:Science, Telomerase, Multidisciplinary, Mendelian Randomization Analysis, Blóðþrýstingur, 3. Good health, Pulse pressure, Mígreni, Hypertension, Blood pressure, Cross-phenotype, Erfðarannsóknir, medicine.medical_specialty, Migraine Disorders, Science, Diastole, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Meta-Analysis as Topic, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2, Internal medicine, Mendelian randomization, medicine, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Migraine, business.industry, Proteins, General Chemistry, medicine.disease, Meta-analysis, 030104 developmental biology, Endocrinology, RISK-FACTORS, lcsh:Q, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract: Publisher's version (útgefin grein), Blood pressure (BP) was inconsistently associated with migraine and the mechanisms of BP-lowering medications in migraine prophylaxis are unknown. Leveraging large-scale summary statistics for migraine (Ncases/Ncontrols = 59,674/316,078) and BP (N = 757,601), we find positive genetic correlations of migraine with diastolic BP (DBP, rg = 0.11, P = 3.56 × 10−06) and systolic BP (SBP, rg = 0.06, P = 0.01), but not pulse pressure (PP, rg = −0.01, P = 0.75). Cross-trait meta-analysis reveals 14 shared loci (P ≤ 5 × 10−08), nine of which replicate (P, This research has been conducted using the UK Biobank Resource under Application Number 29273. We would like to thank the participants and researchers from the UK Biobank, 23andMe, Inc., International Headache Genetics Consortium (IHGC), MEGASTROKE, CARDIoGRAM, and International Consortium of Blood Pressure-Genome Wide Association Studies (ICBP) who contributed or collected data. Daniel I. Chasman is funded by US National Institutes of Health and US National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R21NS09296 and R21NS104398). Pamela M. Rist is funded by K01 HL128791. The MEGASTROKE project received funding from sources specified at http://www.megastroke.org/acknowledgments.html.
Published: 2020

15. Analysis of NOS Gene Polymorphisms in Relation to Cluster Headache and Predisposing Factors in Sweden

Author: Ran, Caroline, primary, Michalska, Julia M., additional, Fourier, Carmen, additional, Sjöstrand, Christina, additional, Waldenlind, Elisabet, additional, Steinberg, Anna, additional, and Belin, Andrea C., additional
Published: 2020
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16. Analysis of shared heritability in common disorders of the brain

Author: Brainstorm Consortium, Anttila, Verneri, Bulik-Sullivan, Brendan, Finucane, Hilary K, Walters, Raymond K, Bras, Jose, Duncan, Laramie, Escott-Price, Valentina, Falcone, Guido J, Gormley, Padhraig, Malik, Rainer, Patsopoulos, Nikolaos A, Ripke, Stephan, Wei, Zhi, Yu, Dongmei, Lee, Phil H, Turley, Patrick, Grenier-Boley, Benjamin, Chouraki, Vincent, Kamatani, Yoichiro, Berr, Claudine, Letenneur, Luc, Hannequin, Didier, Amouyel, Philippe, Boland, Anne, Deleuze, Jean-François, Duron, Emmanuelle, Vardarajan, Badri N, Reitz, Christiane, Goate, Alison M, Huentelman, Matthew J, Kamboh, M Ilyas, Larson, Eric B, Rogaeva, Ekaterina, St George-Hyslop, Peter, Hakonarson, Hakon, Kukull, Walter A, Farrer, Lindsay A, Barnes, Lisa L, Beach, Thomas G, Demirci, F Yesim, Head, Elizabeth, Hulette, Christine M, Jicha, Gregory A, Kauwe, John SK, Kaye, Jeffrey A, Leverenz, James B, Levey, Allan I, Lieberman, Andrew P, Pankratz, Vernon S, Poon, Wayne W, Quinn, Joseph F, Saykin, Andrew J, Schneider, Lon S, Smith, Amanda G, Sonnen, Joshua A, Stern, Robert A, Van Deerlin, Vivianna M, Van Eldik, Linda J, Harold, Denise, Russo, Giancarlo, Rubinsztein, David C, Bayer, Anthony, Tsolaki, Magda, Proitsi, Petra, Fox, Nick C, Hampel, Harald, Owen, Michael J, Mead, Simon, Passmore, Peter, Morgan, Kevin, Nöthen, Markus M, Rossor, Martin, Lupton, Michelle K, Hoffmann, Per, Kornhuber, Johannes, Lawlor, Brian, McQuillin, Andrew, Al-Chalabi, Ammar, Bis, Joshua C, Ruiz, Agustin, Boada, Mercè, Seshadri, Sudha, Beiser, Alexa, Rice, Kenneth, Van Der Lee, Sven J, De Jager, Philip L, Geschwind, Daniel H, Riemenschneider, Matthias, Riedel-Heller, Steffi, Rotter, Jerome I, Ransmayr, Gerhard, Hyman, Bradley T, Cruchaga, Carlos, Alegret, Montserrat, Winsvold, Bendik, Palta, Priit, Farh, Kai-How, Cuenca-Leon, Ester, Furlotte, Nicholas, Kurth, Tobias, Ligthart, Lannie, Terwindt, Gisela M, Freilinger, Tobias, Ran, Caroline, Gordon, Scott D, Borck, Guntram, Adams, Hieab HH, Lehtimäki, Terho, Wedenoja, Juho, Buring, Julie E, Schürks, Markus, Hrafnsdottir, Maria, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Penninx, Brenda, Artto, Ville, Kaunisto, Mari, Vepsäläinen, Salli, Martin, Nicholas G, Montgomery, Grant W, Kurki, Mitja I, Hämäläinen, Eija, Huang, Hailiang, Huang, Jie, Sandor, Cynthia, Webber, Caleb, Muller-Myhsok, Bertram, Schreiber, Stefan, Salomaa, Veikko, Loehrer, Elizabeth, Göbel, Hartmut, Macaya, Alfons, Pozo-Rosich, Patricia, Hansen, Thomas, Werge, Thomas, Kaprio, Jaakko, Metspalu, Andres, Kubisch, Christian, Ferrari, Michel D, Belin, Andrea C, Van Den Maagdenberg, Arn MJM, Zwart, John-Anker, Boomsma, Dorret, Eriksson, Nicholas, Olesen, Jes, Chasman, Daniel I, Nyholt, Dale R, Avbersek, Andreja, Baum, Larry, Berkovic, Samuel, Bradfield, Jonathan, Buono, Russell J, Catarino, Claudia B, Cossette, Patrick, De Jonghe, Peter, Depondt, Chantal, Dlugos, Dennis, Ferraro, Thomas N, French, Jacqueline, Hjalgrim, Helle, Jamnadas-Khoda, Jennifer, Kälviäinen, Reetta, Kunz, Wolfram S, Lerche, Holger, Leu, Costin, Lindhout, Dick, Lo, Warren, Lowenstein, Daniel, McCormack, Mark, Møller, Rikke S, Molloy, Anne, Ng, Ping-Wing, Oliver, Karen, Privitera, Michael, Radtke, Rodney, Ruppert, Ann-Kathrin, Sander, Thomas, Schachter, Steven, Schankin, Christoph, Scheffer, Ingrid, Schoch, Susanne, Sisodiya, Sanjay M, Smith, Philip, Sperling, Michael, Striano, Pasquale, Surges, Rainer, Thomas, G Neil, Visscher, Frank, Whelan, Christopher D, Zara, Federico, Heinzen, Erin L, Marson, Anthony, Becker, Felicitas, Stroink, Hans, Zimprich, Fritz, Gasser, Thomas, Gibbs, Raphael, Heutink, Peter, Martinez, Maria, Morris, Huw R, Sharma, Manu, Ryten, Mina, Mok, Kin Y, Pulit, Sara, Bevan, Steve, Holliday, Elizabeth, Attia, John, Battey, Thomas, Boncoraglio, Giorgio, Thijs, Vincent, Chen, Wei-Min, Mitchell, Braxton, Rothwell, Peter, Sharma, Pankaj, Sudlow, Cathie, Vicente, Astrid, Markus, Hugh, Kourkoulis, Christina, Pera, Joana, Raffeld, Miriam, Silliman, Scott, Boraska Perica, Vesna, Thornton, Laura M, Huckins, Laura M, William Rayner, N, Lewis, Cathryn M, Gratacos, Monica, Rybakowski, Filip, Keski-Rahkonen, Anna, Raevuori, Anu, Hudson, James I, Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted, Monteleone, Palmiero, Karwautz, Andreas, Mannik, Katrin, Baker, Jessica H, O'Toole, Julie K, Trace, Sara E, Davis, Oliver SP, Helder, Sietske G, Ehrlich, Stefan, Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beate, Danner, Unna N, Van Elburg, Annemarie A, Clementi, Maurizio, Forzan, Monica, Docampo, Elisa, Lissowska, Jolanta, Hauser, Joanna, Tortorella, Alfonso, Maj, Mario, Gonidakis, Fragiskos, Tziouvas, Konstantinos, Papezova, Hana, Yilmaz, Zeynep, Wagner, Gudrun, Cohen-Woods, Sarah, Herms, Stefan, Julià, Antonio, Rabionet, Raquel, Dick, Danielle M, Ripatti, Samuli, Andreassen, Ole A, Espeseth, Thomas, Lundervold, Astri J, Steen, Vidar M, Pinto, Dalila, Scherer, Stephen W, Aschauer, Harald, Schosser, Alexandra, Alfredsson, Lars, Padyukov, Leonid, Halmi, Katherine A, Mitchell, James, Strober, Michael, Bergen, Andrew W, Kaye, Walter, Szatkiewicz, Jin Peng, Cormand, Bru, Ramos-Quiroga, Josep Antoni, Sánchez-Mora, Cristina, Ribasés, Marta, Casas, Miguel, Hervas, Amaia, Arranz, Maria Jesús, Haavik, Jan, Zayats, Tetyana, Johansson, Stefan, Williams, Nigel, Dempfle, Astrid, Rothenberger, Aribert, Kuntsi, Jonna, Oades, Robert D, Banaschewski, Tobias, Franke, Barbara, Buitelaar, Jan K, Arias Vasquez, Alejandro, Doyle, Alysa E, Reif, Andreas, Lesch, Klaus-Peter, Freitag, Christine, Rivero, Olga, Palmason, Haukur, Romanos, Marcel, Langley, Kate, Rietschel, Marcella, Witt, Stephanie H, Dalsgaard, Soeren, Børglum, Anders D, Waldman, Irwin, Wilmot, Beth, Molly, Nikolas, Bau, Claiton HD, Crosbie, Jennifer, Schachar, Russell, Loo, Sandra K, McGough, James J, Grevet, Eugenio H, Medland, Sarah E, Robinson, Elise, Weiss, Lauren A, Bacchelli, Elena, Bailey, Anthony, Bal, Vanessa, Battaglia, Agatino, Betancur, Catalina, Bolton, Patrick, Cantor, Rita, Celestino-Soper, Patrícia, Dawson, Geraldine, De Rubeis, Silvia, Duque, Frederico, Green, Andrew, Klauck, Sabine M, Leboyer, Marion, Levitt, Pat, Maestrini, Elena, Mane, Shrikant, De-Luca, Daniel Moreno, Parr, Jeremy, Regan, Regina, Reichenberg, Abraham, Sandin, Sven, Vorstman, Jacob, Wassink, Thomas, Wijsman, Ellen, Cook, Edwin, Santangelo, Susan, Delorme, Richard, Rogé, Bernadette, Magalhaes, Tiago, Arking, Dan, Schulze, Thomas G, Thompson, Robert C, Strohmaier, Jana, Matthews, Keith, Melle, Ingrid, Morris, Derek, Blackwood, Douglas, McIntosh, Andrew, Bergen, Sarah E, Schalling, Martin, Jamain, Stéphane, Maaser, Anna, Fischer, Sascha B, Reinbold, Céline S, Fullerton, Janice M, Guzman-Parra, José, Mayoral, Fermin, Schofield, Peter R, Cichon, Sven, Mühleisen, Thomas W, Degenhardt, Franziska, Schumacher, Johannes, Bauer, Michael, Mitchell, Philip B, Gershon, Elliot S, Rice, John, Potash, James B, Zandi, Peter P, Craddock, Nick, Ferrier, I Nicol, Alda, Martin, Rouleau, Guy A, Turecki, Gustavo, Ophoff, Roel, Pato, Carlos, Anjorin, Adebayo, Stahl, Eli, Leber, Markus, Czerski, Piotr M, Cruceanu, Cristiana, Jones, Ian R, Posthuma, Danielle, Andlauer, Till FM, Forstner, Andreas J, Streit, Fabian, Baune, Bernhard T, Air, Tracy, Sinnamon, Grant, Wray, Naomi R, MacIntyre, Donald J, Porteous, David, Homuth, Georg, Rivera, Margarita, Grove, Jakob, Middeldorp, Christel M, Hickie, Ian, Pergadia, Michele, Mehta, Divya, Smit, Johannes H, Jansen, Rick, De Geus, Eco, Dunn, Erin, Li, Qingqin S, Nauck, Matthias, Schoevers, Robert A, Beekman, Aartjan Tf, Knowles, James A, Viktorin, Alexander, Arnold, Paul, Barr, Cathy L, Bedoya-Berrio, Gabriel, Bienvenu, O Joseph, Brentani, Helena, Burton, Christie, Camarena, Beatriz, Cappi, Carolina, Cath, Danielle, Cavallini, Maria, Cusi, Daniele, Darrow, Sabrina, Denys, Damiaan, Derks, Eske M, Dietrich, Andrea, Fernandez, Thomas, Figee, Martijn, Freimer, Nelson, Gerber, Gloria, Grados, Marco, Greenberg, Erica, Hanna, Gregory L, Hartmann, Andreas, Hirschtritt, Matthew E, Hoekstra, Pieter J, Huang, Alden, Huyser, Chaim, Illmann, Cornelia, Jenike, Michael, Kuperman, Samuel, Leventhal, Bennett, Lochner, Christine, Lyon, Gholson J, Macciardi, Fabio, Madruga-Garrido, Marcos, Malaty, Irene A, Maras, Athanasios, McGrath, Lauren, Miguel, Eurípedes C, Mir, Pablo, Nestadt, Gerald, Nicolini, Humberto, Okun, Michael S, Pakstis, Andrew, Paschou, Peristera, Piacentini, John, Pittenger, Christopher, Plessen, Kerstin, Ramensky, Vasily, Ramos, Eliana M, Reus, Victor, Richter, Margaret A, Riddle, Mark A, Robertson, Mary M, Roessner, Veit, Rosário, Maria, Samuels, Jack F, Sandor, Paul, Stein, Dan J, Tsetsos, Fotis, Van Nieuwerburgh, Filip, Weatherall, Sarah, Wendland, Jens R, Wolanczyk, Tomasz, Worbe, Yulia, Zai, Gwyneth, Goes, Fernando S, McLaughlin, Nicole, Nestadt, Paul S, Grabe, Hans-Jorgen, Depienne, Christel, Konkashbaev, Anuar, Lanzagorta, Nuria, Valencia-Duarte, Ana, Bramon, Elvira, Buccola, Nancy, Cahn, Wiepke, Cairns, Murray, Chong, Siow A, Cohen, David, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Crowley, James, Davidson, Michael, DeLisi, Lynn, Dinan, Timothy, Donohoe, Gary, Drapeau, Elodie, Duan, Jubao, Haan, Lieuwe, Hougaard, David, Karachanak-Yankova, Sena, Khrunin, Andrey, Klovins, Janis, Kučinskas, Vaidutis, Lee Chee Keong, Jimmy, Limborska, Svetlana, Loughland, Carmel, Lönnqvist, Jouko, Maher, Brion, Mattheisen, Manuel, McDonald, Colm, Murphy, Kieran C, Nenadic, Igor, Van Os, Jim, Pantelis, Christos, Pato, Michele, Petryshen, Tracey, Quested, Digby, Roussos, Panos, Sanders, Alan R, Schall, Ulrich, Schwab, Sibylle G, Sim, Kang, So, Hon-Cheong, Stögmann, Elisabeth, Subramaniam, Mythily, Toncheva, Draga, Waddington, John, Walters, James, Weiser, Mark, Cheng, Wei, Cloninger, Robert, Curtis, David, Gejman, Pablo V, Henskens, Frans, Mattingsdal, Morten, Oh, Sang-Yun, Scott, Rodney, Webb, Bradley, Breen, Gerome, Churchhouse, Claire, Bulik, Cynthia M, Daly, Mark, Dichgans, Martin, Faraone, Stephen V, Guerreiro, Rita, Holmans, Peter, Kendler, Kenneth S, Koeleman, Bobby, Mathews, Carol A, Price, Alkes, Scharf, Jeremiah, Sklar, Pamela, Williams, Julie, Wood, Nicholas W, Cotsapas, Chris, Palotie, Aarno, Smoller, Jordan W, Sullivan, Patrick, Rosand, Jonathan, Corvin, Aiden, Neale, Benjamin M, Schott, Jonathan M, Anney, Richard, Elia, Josephine, Grigoroiu-Serbanescu, Maria, Edenberg, Howard J, Murray, Robin, Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (BROAD INSTITUTE), Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS)-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)-Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], UK Dementia Research Institute (UK DRI), University College of London [London] (UCL), School of Psychology [Cardiff University], Cardiff University, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität [München]-Ludwig Maximilian University [Munich] (LMU), New Jersey Institute of Technology [Newark] (NJIT), Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies liées au Vieillissement - U 1167 (RID-AGE), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences [Yokohama] (RIKEN IMS), RIKEN - Institute of Physical and Chemical Research [Japon] (RIKEN), Neuropsychiatrie : recherche épidémiologique et clinique (PSNREC), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Microbiologie Appliquée (LBMA), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Bordeaux population health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de neurologie [Rouen], CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Institut de Biologie François JACOB (JACOB), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Gériatrie générale et aigüe [Paris], AP-HP - Hôpital Cochin Broca Hôtel Dieu [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Columbia University [New York], Dpt of Neuroscience [New York], Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai [New York] (MSSM), University of Pittsburgh (PITT), Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE), University of Washington [Seattle], Tanz Center Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases [Toronto], University of Toronto, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP ), University of Kentucky (UK), School of medicine, Duke University [Durham], College of medicine, Brigham Young University (BYU), Oregon Health and Science University [Portland] (OHSU), Cleveland Clinic, Department of Neurology, Emory University [Atlanta, GA], Medical School, University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, Health sciences center, The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders [Irvine], University of California [Irvine] (UC Irvine), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indiana University System, Keck School of Medicine [Los Angeles], University of Southern California (USC), University of South Florida [Tampa] (USF), University of Utah School of Medicine [Salt Lake City], Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM), Boston University [Boston] (BU), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Dublin City University [Dublin] (DCU), Functional Genomics Center Zurich, Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH)- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institut, King‘s College London, Dementia Research Centre [London] (DRC), Groupe de recherche clinique Alzheimer Precision Medicine (GRC 21 - APM), Sorbonne Université (SU), MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Medical Research Council-Cardiff University, MRC Prion Unit [London], Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), School of Medicine [Dublin], Trinity College Dublin, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), School of Public Health [Boston], Erasmus University Medical Center [Rotterdam] (Erasmus MC), Columbia University Medical Center (CUMC), David Geffen School of Medicine [Los Angeles], University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), Saarland University [Saarbrücken], Universität Leipzig, School of Medicine [Los Angeles], Johannes Kepler Universität Linz - Johannes Kepler University Linz [Autriche] (JKU), Department of Neurology [Boston], Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS)-Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], School of Medecine, Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), Oslo University Hospital [Oslo], Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland [Helsinki] (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, 23andMe Inc., Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], Department of Biological Psychology [Amsterdam], Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Universiteit Leiden, University-Hospital Munich-Großhadern [München], Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Universität Ulm - Ulm University [Ulm, Allemagne], Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences [Tampere], University of Tampere [Finland], Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Brigham & Women’s Hospital [Boston] (BWH), Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), Landspitali National University Hospital of Iceland, VU University Medical Center [Amsterdam], Boston VA Research Institute (BVARI), Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics [Oxford], University of Oxford, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (CAU), Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, National Institute for Health and Welfare [Helsinki], Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital [Barcelona], University of Tartu, Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf = University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf [Hamburg] (UKE), Center for Human and Clinical Genetics, Universiteit Leiden-Universiteit Leiden, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology [Brisbane] (QUT), Discipline of Psychiatry [Dublin], Trinity College Dublin-Trinity College Dublin, Institute of Neurology [London], The University of Hong Kong (HKU), University of Melbourne, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University [Camden] (CMSRU), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Université de Montréal (UdeM), University of Antwerp (UA), Hôpital Erasme [Bruxelles] (ULB), Faculté de Médecine [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), New York University School of Medicine (NYU), New York University School of Medicine, NYU System (NYU)-NYU System (NYU), University of Eastern Finland, Universitätsklinikum Bonn (UKB), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research [Tubingen], University of Tübingen, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre [London], Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust-King‘s College London, University Medical Center [Utrecht], Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), University of California [San Francisco] (UC San Francisco), University of California (UC), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), University of Southern Denmark (SDU), United Christian Hospital [Hong Kong] (UCH), University of Cincinnati (UC), University of Cologne, Inselspital Bern, University of Wales, Jefferson University Hospitals, University of Liverpool, Medizinische Universität Wien = Medical University of Vienna, National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), German Research Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases - Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive (IRSD ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of Lincoln, University of Newcastle [Callaghan, Australia] (UoN), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico 'Carlo Besta', University of Virginia, University of Maryland [Baltimore County] (UMBC), University of Maryland System, Royal Holloway [University of London] (RHUL), University of Edinburgh, Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie = Jagiellonian University (UJ), University of Split, University of North Carolina [Chapel Hill] (UNC), University of North Carolina System (UNC), Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG-UPF), CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), McLean Hospital [Belmont, Ma.], Norwegian Institute of Public Health [Oslo] (NIPH), Università degli Studi di Salerno = University of Salerno (UNISA), University of Bristol [Bristol], Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University (RWTH), Utrecht University [Utrecht], Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Université de Liège, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology (MCMCC), Università degli Studi di Perugia = University of Perugia (UNIPG), Università degli studi della Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli' = University of the Study of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Charles University [Prague] (CU), SURFACES, Institut de recherches sur la catalyse et l'environnement de Lyon (IRCELYON), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Flinders University [Adelaide, Australia], Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), University of Oslo (UiO), University of Bergen (UiB), Weill Medical College of Cornell University [New York], University of North Dakota [Grand Forks] (UND), Oregon Research Institute (ORI), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental [Madrid] (CIBER-SAM), Hospital Universitario Mutua de Terrassa, School of Computer Science and Communication [Stockholm], Royal Institute of Technology [Stockholm] (KTH ), Jefferson (Philadelphia University + Thomas Jefferson University), University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University, Radboud University Medical Center [Nijmegen], Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Maastricht University [Maastricht], Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Aarhus University [Aarhus], University of Iowa [Iowa City], Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul [Porto Alegre] (UFRGS), The Hospital for sick children [Toronto] (SickKids), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), University of British Columbia (UBC), IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris [Pisa], Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Neuroscience Paris Seine (NPS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade de Coimbra [Coimbra], Academic Centre on Rare Diseases (ACoRD), University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Our Lady's Children's Hospital Crumlin (OLCHC), German Cancer Research Center - Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum [Heidelberg] (DKFZ), Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR10-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Children’s Hospital Los Angeles [Los Angeles], Yale University [New Haven], Brown University, Institute of Neuroscience [Newcastle] (ION), Newcastle University [Newcastle], Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (MEB), Division of Medical Genetics [Seattle], University of Illinois [Chicago] (UIC), University of Illinois System, Maine Medical Center Research Institute (MMCRI), Génétique humaine et fonctions cognitives - Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions (GHFC (UMR_3571 / U-Pasteur_1)), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d’Etudes et de Recherches en Psychopathologie et Psychologie de la Santé (CERPPS), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine [Baltimore], Ludwig Maximilian University [Munich] (LMU), University of Michigan System, Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry [Mannhein], Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University-Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, University of Dundee, National University of Ireland [Galway] (NUI Galway), University Hospital Basel [Basel], Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, UNSW Faculty of Medicine [Sydney], University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), University of Chicago, Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health [Baltimore], Dalhousie University [Halifax], Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], State University of New York (SUNY), University Hospital of Cologne [Cologne], University of Adelaide, James Cook University (JCU), Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland [Brisbane], Greifswald University Hospital, The University of Sydney, University Medical Center Groningen [Groningen] (UMCG), University of Calgary, University Health Network, Universidad de Antioquia = University of Antioquia [Medellín, Colombia], Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Ospedale San Raffaele, University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), University of Groningen [Groningen], Yale School of Medicine [New Haven, Connecticut] (YSM), Academic Medical Center - Academisch Medisch Centrum [Amsterdam] (AMC), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), University of Cape Town, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL), Universidad de Sevilla / University of Sevilla, University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), University of Denver, Purdue University [West Lafayette], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois [Lausanne] (CHUV), Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology [Moscow] (MIPT), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Federal Institute of São Paulo (IFSP), Democritus University of Thrace (DUTH), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Medical University of Warsaw - Poland, Sorbonne Université - Faculté de Médecine - Département d'Enseignement et de Recherche en Médecine Générale, Universitätsklinikum Essen [Universität Duisburg-Essen] (Uniklinik Essen), Vanderbilt University Medical Center [Nashville], Vanderbilt University [Nashville], Institute of Mental Health [Singapore], Universidad de Cantabria [Santander], Tel Aviv University (TAU), University College Cork (UCC), University of Rochester [USA], Statens Serum Institut [Copenhagen], Софийски университет = Sofia University, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre [Rīga], Vilnius University [Vilnius], Nanyang Technological University [Singapour], Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Jena University Hospital [Jena], Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Schizophrenia Research Institute [Sydney], Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health [Wollongong], University of Wollongong [Australia], City University of Hong Kong [Hong Kong] (CUHK), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), This work was supported by grants 1R01MH10764901 and 5U01MH09443203 from the National Institute of Mental Health, as well as the Orion Farmos Research Foundation (V.A.) and the Fannie and John Hertz Foundation (H.K.F.). Consortium specific funding is detailed in the supplementary materials ('Study-specific acknowledgments')., Brainstorm Consortium, University of Kentucky, University of California [Irvine] (UCI), University of California-University of California, University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], Alzheimer Precision Medicine [CHU Pitié-Salpétriêre] (GRC 21 AMP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Universität Leipzig [Leipzig], Johannes Kepler University Linz [Linz] (JKU), University of Helsinki-University of Helsinki, University of Helsinki, University of Oxford [Oxford], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), University of California [San Francisco] (UCSF), University of California, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of Newcastle [Australia] (UoN), University of Virginia [Charlottesville], Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA), Università degli Studi di Salerno (UNISA), Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen (RWTH), Università degli Studi di Perugia (UNIPG), Università degli studi della Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg]-Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, VU University Amsterdam, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Yale University School of Medicine, Universidad de Sevilla, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Service de Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière] (SPEA), Tel Aviv University [Tel Aviv], University of Sofia, Anttila, Verneri, Bulik-Sullivan, Brendan, Finucane, Hilary K., Walters, Raymond K., Bras, Jose, Duncan, Laramie, Escott-Price, Valentina, Falcone, Guido J., Gormley, Padhraig, Malik, Rainer, Patsopoulos, Nikolaos A., Ripke, Stephan, Wei, Zhi, Yu, Dongmei, Lee, Phil H., Turley, Patrick, Grenier-Boley, Benjamin, Chouraki, Vincent, Kamatani, Yoichiro, Berr, Claudine, Letenneur, Luc, Hannequin, Didier, Amouyel, Philippe, Boland, Anne, Deleuze, Jean-Françoi, Duron, Emmanuelle, Vardarajan, Badri N., Reitz, Christiane, Goate, Alison M., Huentelman, Matthew J., Ilyas Kamboh, M., Larson, Eric B., Rogaeva, Ekaterina, George-Hyslop, Peter St, Hakonarson, Hakon, Kukull, Walter A., Farrer, Lindsay A., Barnes, Lisa L., Beach, Thomas G., Yesim Demirci, F., Head, Elizabeth, Hulette, Christine M., Jicha, Gregory A., Kauwe, John S.K., Kaye, Jeffrey A., Leverenz, James B., Levey, Allan I., Lieberman, Andrew P., Pankratz, Vernon S., Poon, Wayne W., Quinn, Joseph F., Saykin, Andrew J., Schneider, Lon S., Smith, Amanda G., Sonnen, Joshua A., Stern, Robert A., Van Deerlin, Vivianna M., Van Eldik, Linda J., Harold, Denise, Russo, Giancarlo, Rubinsztein, David C., Bayer, Anthony, Tsolaki, Magda, Proitsi, Petra, Fox, Nick C., Hampel, Harald, Owen, Michael J., Mead, Simon, Passmore, Peter, Morgan, Kevin, Nöthen, Markus M., Rossor, Martin, Lupton, Michelle K., Hoffmann, Per, Kornhuber, Johanne, Lawlor, Brian, McQuillin, Andrew, Al-Chalabi, Ammar, Bis, Joshua C., Ruiz, Agustin, Boada, Mercè, Seshadri, Sudha, Beiser, Alexa, Rice, Kenneth, Van Der Lee, Sven J., De Jager, Philip L., Geschwind, Daniel H., Riemenschneider, Matthia, Riedel-Heller, Steffi, Rotter, Jerome I., Ransmayr, Gerhard, Hyman, Bradley T., Cruchaga, Carlo, Alegret, Montserrat, Winsvold, Bendik, Palta, Priit, Farh, Kai-How, Cuenca-Leon, Ester, Furlotte, Nichola, Kurth, Tobia, Ligthart, Lannie, Terwindt, Gisela M., Freilinger, Tobia, Ran, Caroline, Gordon, Scott D., Borck, Guntram, Adams, Hieab H.H., Lehtimäki, Terho, Wedenoja, Juho, Buring, Julie E., Schürks, Marku, Hrafnsdottir, Maria, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Penninx, Brenda, Artto, Ville, Kaunisto, Mari, Vepsäläinen, Salli, Martin, Nicholas G., Montgomery, Grant W., Kurki, Mitja I., Hämäläinen, Eija, Huang, Hailiang, Huang, Jie, Sandor, Cynthia, Webber, Caleb, Muller-Myhsok, Bertram, Schreiber, Stefan, Salomaa, Veikko, Loehrer, Elizabeth, Göbel, Hartmut, Macaya, Alfon, Pozo-Rosich, Patricia, Hansen, Thoma, Werge, Thoma, Kaprio, Jaakko, Metspalu, Andre, Kubisch, Christian, Ferrari, Michel D., Belin, Andrea C., Van Den Maagdenberg, Arn M. J. M., Zwart, John-Anker, Boomsma, Dorret, Eriksson, Nichola, Olesen, Je, Chasman, Daniel I., Nyholt, Dale R., Avbersek, Andreja, Baum, Larry, Berkovic, Samuel, Bradfield, Jonathan, Buono, Russell, Catarino, Claudia B., Cossette, Patrick, De Jonghe, Peter, Depondt, Chantal, Dlugos, Denni, Ferraro, Thomas N., French, Jacqueline, Hjalgrim, Helle, Jamnadas-Khoda, Jennifer, Kälviäinen, Reetta, Kunz, Wolfram S., Lerche, Holger, Leu, Costin, Lindhout, Dick, Lo, Warren, Lowenstein, Daniel, McCormack, Mark, Møller, Rikke S., Molloy, Anne, Ng, Ping-Wing, Oliver, Karen, Privitera, Michael, Radtke, Rodney, Ruppert, Ann-Kathrin, Sander, Thoma, Schachter, Steven, Schankin, Christoph, Scheffer, Ingrid, Schoch, Susanne, Sisodiya, Sanjay M., Smith, Philip, Sperling, Michael, Striano, Pasquale, Surges, Rainer, Neil Thomas, G., Visscher, Frank, Whelan, Christopher D., Zara, Federico, Heinzen, Erin L., Marson, Anthony, Becker, Felicita, Stroink, Han, Zimprich, Fritz, Gasser, Thoma, Gibbs, Raphael, Heutink, Peter, Martinez, Maria, Morris, Huw R., Sharma, Manu, Ryten, Mina, Mok, Kin Y., Pulit, Sara, Bevan, Steve, Holliday, Elizabeth, Attia, John, Battey, Thoma, Boncoraglio, Giorgio, Thijs, Vincent, Chen, Wei-Min, Mitchell, Braxton, Rothwell, Peter, Sharma, Pankaj, Sudlow, Cathie, Vicente, Astrid, Markus, Hugh, Kourkoulis, Christina, Pera, Joana, Raffeld, Miriam, Silliman, Scott, Perica, Vesna Boraska, Thornton, Laura M., Huckins, Laura M., William Rayner, N., Lewis, Cathryn M., Gratacos, Monica, Rybakowski, Filip, Keski-Rahkonen, Anna, Raevuori, Anu, Hudson, James I., Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted, Monteleone, Palmiero, Karwautz, Andrea, Mannik, Katrin, Baker, Jessica H., O'Toole, Julie K., Trace, Sara E., Davis, Oliver S. P., Helder, Sietske G., Ehrlich, Stefan, Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beate, Danner, Unna N., Van Elburg, Annemarie A., Clementi, Maurizio, Forzan, Monica, Docampo, Elisa, Lissowska, Jolanta, Hauser, Joanna, Tortorella, Alfonso, Maj, Mario, Gonidakis, Fragisko, Tziouvas, Konstantino, Papezova, Hana, Yilmaz, Zeynep, Wagner, Gudrun, Cohen-Woods, Sarah, Herms, Stefan, Julia, Antonio, Rabionet, Raquel, Dick, Danielle M., Ripatti, Samuli, Andreassen, Ole A., Espeseth, Thoma, Lundervold, Astri J., Steen, Vidar M., Pinto, Dalila, Scherer, Stephen W., Aschauer, Harald, Schosser, Alexandra, Alfredsson, Lar, Padyukov, Leonid, Halmi, Katherine A., Mitchell, Jame, Strober, Michael, Bergen, Andrew W., Kaye, Walter, Szatkiewicz, Jin Peng, Cormand, Bru, Ramos-Quiroga, Josep Antoni, Sánchez-Mora, Cristina, Ribasés, Marta, Casas, Miguel, Hervas, Amaia, Arranz, Maria Jesú, Haavik, Jan, Zayats, Tetyana, Johansson, Stefan, Williams, Nigel, Dempfle, Astrid, Rothenberger, Aribert, Kuntsi, Jonna, Oades, Robert D., Banaschewski, Tobia, Franke, Barbara, Buitelaar, Jan K., Vasquez, Alejandro Aria, Doyle, Alysa E., Reif, Andrea, Lesch, Klaus-Peter, Freitag, Christine, Rivero, Olga, Palmason, Haukur, Romanos, Marcel, Langley, Kate, Rietschel, Marcella, Witt, Stephanie H., Dalsgaard, Soeren, Børglum, Anders D., Waldman, Irwin, Wilmot, Beth, Molly, Nikola, Bau, Claiton H.D., Crosbie, Jennifer, Schachar, Russell, Loo, Sandra K., McGough, James J., Grevet, Eugenio H., Medland, Sarah E., Robinson, Elise, Weiss, Lauren A., Bacchelli, Elena, Bailey, Anthony, Bal, Vanessa, Battaglia, Agatino, Betancur, Catalina, Bolton, Patrick, Cantor, Rita, Celestino-Soper, Patrícia, Dawson, Geraldine, De Rubeis, Silvia, Duque, Frederico, Green, Andrew, Klauck, Sabine M., Leboyer, Marion, Levitt, Pat, Maestrini, Elena, Mane, Shrikant, Moreno-De-Luca, Daniel, Parr, Jeremy, Regan, Regina, Reichenberg, Abraham, Sandin, Sven, Vorstman, Jacob, Wassink, Thoma, Wijsman, Ellen, Cook, Edwin, Santangelo, Susan, Delorme, Richard, Roge, Bernadette, Magalhaes, Tiago, Arking, Dan, Schulze, Thomas G., Thompson, Robert C., Strohmaier, Jana, Matthews, Keith, Melle, Ingrid, Morris, Derek, Blackwood, Dougla, McIntosh, Andrew, Bergen, Sarah E., Schalling, Martin, Jamain, Stéphane, Maaser, Anna, Fischer, Sascha B., Reinbold, Céline S., Fullerton, Janice M., Guzman-Parra, José, Mayoral, Fermin, Schofield, Peter R., Cichon, Sven, Mühleisen, Thomas W., Degenhardt, Franziska, Schumacher, Johanne, Bauer, Michael, Mitchell, Philip B., Gershon, Elliot S., Rice, John, Potash, James B., Zandi, Peter P., Craddock, Nick, Nicol Ferrier, I., Alda, Martin, Rouleau, Guy A., Turecki, Gustavo, Ophoff, Roel, Pato, Carlo, Anjorin, Adebayo, Stahl, Eli, Leber, Marku, Czerski, Piotr M., Cruceanu, Cristiana, Jones, Ian R., Posthuma, Danielle, Andlauer, Till F.M., Forstner, Andreas J., Streit, Fabian, Baune, Bernhard T., Air, Tracy, Sinnamon, Grant, Wray, Naomi R., MacIntyre, Donald J., Porteous, David, Homuth, Georg, Rivera, Margarita, Grove, Jakob, Middeldorp, Christel M., Hickie, Ian, Pergadia, Michele, Mehta, Divya, Smit, Johannes H., Jansen, Rick, De Geus, Eco, Dunn, Erin, Li, Qingqin S., Nauck, Matthia, Schoevers, Robert A., Beekman, Aartjan TF, Knowles, James A., Viktorin, Alexander, Arnold, Paul, Barr, Cathy L., Bedoya-Berrio, Gabriel, Joseph Bienvenu, O., Brentani, Helena, Burton, Christie, Camarena, Beatriz, Cappi, Carolina, Cath, Danielle, Cavallini, Maria, Cusi, Daniele, Darrow, Sabrina, Denys, Damiaan, Derks, Eske M., Dietrich, Andrea, Fernandez, Thoma, Figee, Martijn, Freimer, Nelson, Gerber, Gloria, Grados, Marco, Greenberg, Erica, Hanna, Gregory L., Hartmann, Andrea, Hirschtritt, Matthew E., Hoekstra, Pieter J., Huang, Alden, Huyser, Chaim, Illmann, Cornelia, Jenike, Michael, Kuperman, Samuel, Leventhal, Bennett, Lochner, Christine, Lyon, Gholson J., Macciardi, Fabio, Madruga-Garrido, Marco, Malaty, Irene A., Maras, Athanasio, McGrath, Lauren, Miguel, Eurípedes C., Mir, Pablo, Nestadt, Gerald, Nicolini, Humberto, Okun, Michael S., Pakstis, Andrew, Paschou, Peristera, Piacentini, John, Pittenger, Christopher, Plessen, Kerstin, Ramensky, Vasily, Ramos, Eliana M., Reus, Victor, Richter, Margaret A., Riddle, Mark A., Robertson, Mary M., Roessner, Veit, Rosário, Maria, Samuels, Jack F., Sandor, Paul, Stein, Dan J., Tsetsos, Foti, Van Nieuwerburgh, Filip, Weatherall, Sarah, Wendland, Jens R., Wolanczyk, Tomasz, Worbe, Yulia, Zai, Gwyneth, Goes, Fernando S., McLaughlin, Nicole, Nestadt, Paul S., Grabe, Hans-Jorgen, Depienne, Christel, Konkashbaev, Anuar, Lanzagorta, Nuria, Valencia-Duarte, Ana, Bramon, Elvira, Buccola, Nancy, Cahn, Wiepke, Cairns, Murray, Chong, Siow A., Cohen, David, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Crowley, Jame, Davidson, Michael, DeLisi, Lynn, Dinan, Timothy, Donohoe, Gary, Drapeau, Elodie, Duan, Jubao, Haan, Lieuwe, Hougaard, David, Karachanak-Yankova, Sena, Khrunin, Andrey, Klovins, Jani, Kučinskas, Vaiduti, Keong, Jimmy Lee Chee, Limborska, Svetlana, Loughland, Carmel, Lönnqvist, Jouko, Maher, Brion, Mattheisen, Manuel, McDonald, Colm, Murphy, Kieran C., Nenadic, Igor, Van Os, Jim, Pantelis, Christo, Pato, Michele, Petryshen, Tracey, Quested, Digby, Roussos, Pano, Sanders, Alan R., Schall, Ulrich, Schwab, Sibylle G., Sim, Kang, So, Hon-Cheong, Stögmann, Elisabeth, Subramaniam, Mythily, Toncheva, Draga, Waddington, John, Walters, Jame, Weiser, Mark, Cheng, Wei, Cloninger, Robert, Curtis, David, Gejman, Pablo V., Henskens, Fran, Mattingsdal, Morten, Oh, Sang-Yun, Scott, Rodney, Webb, Bradley, Breen, Gerome, Churchhouse, Claire, Bulik, Cynthia M., Daly, Mark, Dichgans, Martin, Faraone, Stephen V., Guerreiro, Rita, Holmans, Peter, Kendler, Kenneth S., Koeleman, Bobby, Mathews, Carol A., Price, Alke, Scharf, Jeremiah, Sklar, Pamela, Williams, Julie, Wood, Nicholas W., Cotsapas, Chri, Palotie, Aarno, Smoller, Jordan W., Sullivan, Patrick, Rosand, Jonathan, Corvin, Aiden, Neale, Benjamin M., Epidemiology, Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Anttila, V, Bulik-Sullivan, B, Finucane, H, Walters, R, Bras, J, Duncan, L, Escott-Price, V, Falcone, G, Gormley, P, Malik, R, Patsopoulos, N, Ripke, S, Wei, Z, Yu, D, Lee, P, Turley, P, Grenier-Boley, B, Chouraki, V, Kamatani, Y, Berr, C, Letenneur, L, Hannequin, D, Amouyel, P, Boland, A, Deleuze, J, Duron, E, Vardarajan, B, Reitz, C, Goate, A, Huentelman, M, Ilyas Kamboh, M, Larson, E, Rogaeva, E, George-Hyslop, P, Hakonarson, H, Kukull, W, Farrer, L, Barnes, L, Beach, T, Yesim Demirci, F, Head, E, Hulette, C, Jicha, G, Kauwe, J, Kaye, J, Leverenz, J, Levey, A, Lieberman, A, Pankratz, V, Poon, W, Quinn, J, Saykin, A, Schneider, L, Smith, A, Sonnen, J, Stern, R, Van Deerlin, V, Van Eldik, L, Harold, D, Russo, G, Rubinsztein, D, Bayer, A, Tsolaki, M, Proitsi, P, Fox, N, Hampel, H, Owen, M, Mead, S, Passmore, P, Morgan, K, Nöthen, M, Rossor, M, Lupton, M, Hoffmann, P, Kornhuber, J, Lawlor, B, Mcquillin, A, Al-Chalabi, A, Bis, J, Ruiz, A, Boada, M, Seshadri, S, Beiser, A, Rice, K, Van Der Lee, S, De 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J, Tortorella, A, Maj, M, Gonidakis, F, Tziouvas, K, Papezova, H, Yilmaz, Z, Wagner, G, Cohen-Woods, S, Herms, S, Julia, A, Rabionet, R, Dick, D, Ripatti, S, Andreassen, O, Espeseth, T, Lundervold, A, Steen, V, Pinto, D, Scherer, S, Aschauer, H, Schosser, A, Alfredsson, L, Padyukov, L, Halmi, K, Mitchell, J, Strober, M, Bergen, A, Kaye, W, Szatkiewicz, J, Cormand, B, Ramos-Quiroga, J, Sánchez-Mora, C, Ribasés, M, Casas, M, Hervas, A, Arranz, M, Haavik, J, Zayats, T, Johansson, S, Williams, N, Dempfle, A, Rothenberger, A, Kuntsi, J, Oades, R, Banaschewski, T, Franke, B, Buitelaar, J, Vasquez, A, Doyle, A, Reif, A, Lesch, K, Freitag, C, Rivero, O, Palmason, H, Romanos, M, Langley, K, Rietschel, M, Witt, S, Dalsgaard, S, Børglum, A, Waldman, I, Wilmot, B, Molly, N, Bau, C, Crosbie, J, Schachar, R, Loo, S, Mcgough, J, Grevet, E, Medland, S, Robinson, E, Weiss, L, Bacchelli, E, Bailey, A, Bal, V, Battaglia, A, Betancur, C, Bolton, P, Cantor, R, Celestino-Soper, P, Dawson, G, De Rubeis, S, 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Cahn, W, Cairns, M, Chong, S, Cohen, D, Crespo-Facorro, B, Crowley, J, Davidson, M, Delisi, L, Dinan, T, Donohoe, G, Drapeau, E, Duan, J, Haan, L, Hougaard, D, Karachanak-Yankova, S, Khrunin, A, Klovins, J, Kučinskas, V, Keong, J, Limborska, S, Loughland, C, Lönnqvist, J, Maher, B, Mattheisen, M, Mcdonald, C, Murphy, K, Nenadic, I, Van Os, J, Pantelis, C, Pato, M, Petryshen, T, Quested, D, Roussos, P, Sanders, A, Schall, U, Schwab, S, Sim, K, So, H, Stögmann, E, Subramaniam, M, Toncheva, D, Waddington, J, Walters, J, Weiser, M, Cheng, W, Cloninger, R, Curtis, D, Gejman, P, Henskens, F, Mattingsdal, M, Oh, S, Scott, R, Webb, B, Breen, G, Churchhouse, C, Bulik, C, Daly, M, Dichgans, M, Faraone, S, Guerreiro, R, Holmans, P, Kendler, K, Koeleman, B, Mathews, C, Price, A, Scharf, J, Sklar, P, Williams, J, Wood, N, Cotsapas, C, Palotie, A, Smoller, J, Sullivan, P, Rosand, J, Corvin, A, Neale, B, Kauwe, John S. K., Mcquillin, Andrew, Adams, Hieab H. H., Mccormack, Mark, Bau, Claiton H. D., Mcgough, James J., Mcintosh, Andrew, Andlauer, Till F. M., Macintyre, Donald J., Mcgrath, Lauren, Mclaughlin, Nicole, Delisi, Lynn, Mcdonald, Colm, Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Vrije universiteit = Free university of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies liées au Vieillissement (Inserm U1167 - RID-AGE - Institut Pasteur), RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Science, Neuropsychiatrie : recherche épidémiologique et clinique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université de Montpellier (UM), University of South Florida (USF), University of Zürich [Zürich] (UZH)-Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Alzheimer Precision Medicine GRC n°21 (APM), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Cardiff University-Medical Research Council, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Johannes Kepler University Linz [linz] (JKU), Washington University in St Louis, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin / Charite - University Medicine Berlin, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona [Barcelona] (UAB), Hôpital Erasme (Bruxelles), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Jagiellonian University [Krakow] (UJ), Technische Universität Dresden (TUD), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens = University of Athens (NKUA | UoA), Charles University [Prague], Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Bergen (UIB), University Medicine Goettingen, Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, UNSW Medicine [Sydney], McGill University, Universidad de Antioquia, University of Florida [Gainesville], Universiteit Gent [Ghent], Service Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], University of Wollongong, Alzheimer Precision Medicine [CHU Pitié-Salpétriêre] (GRC 21 APM), Anttila, Verneri [0000-0002-0073-4675], Finucane, Hilary K [0000-0003-3864-9828], Walters, Raymond K [0000-0001-8422-6530], Duncan, Laramie [0000-0003-1131-661X], Escott-Price, Valentina [0000-0003-1784-5483], Falcone, Guido J [0000-0002-6407-0302], Gormley, Padhraig [0000-0002-8908-6968], Malik, Rainer [0000-0001-9212-2520], Ripke, Stephan [0000-0003-3622-835X], Wei, Zhi [0000-0001-6059-4267], Yu, Dongmei [0000-0001-7901-4365], Lee, Phil H [0000-0003-1770-3100], Breen, Gerome [0000-0003-2053-1792], Bulik, Cynthia M [0000-0001-7772-3264], Daly, Mark [0000-0002-0949-8752], Dichgans, Martin [0000-0002-0654-387X], Faraone, Stephen V [0000-0002-9217-3982], Holmans, Peter [0000-0003-0870-9412], Koeleman, Bobby [0000-0001-7749-182X], Mathews, Carol A [0000-0003-2208-7058], Sklar, Pamela [0000-0001-9715-4943], Williams, Julie [0000-0002-4069-0259], Wood, Nicholas W [0000-0002-9500-3348], Cotsapas, Chris [0000-0002-7772-5910], Smoller, Jordan W [0000-0002-0381-6334], Sullivan, Patrick [0000-0002-6619-873X], Rosand, Jonathan [0000-0002-1014-9138], Corvin, Aiden [0000-0001-6717-4089], Neale, Benjamin M [0000-0003-1513-6077], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: Etiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], MESH: Brain Diseases, body-mass index, genetics [Mental Disorders], Disorders of the Brain, Risks factors, classification [Mental Disorders], MESH: Quantitative Trait, Heritable, MESH: Risk Factors, Risk Factors, MESH: Genetic Variation, alzheimers-disease, 610 Medicine & health, bipolar disorder, Brain Diseases, deficit hyperactivity disorder, Multidisciplinary, Mental Disorders, genetics [Brain Diseases], Brain Disease, Brain, Genetic Variation, Genome-Wide Association Study, Humans, Phenotype, Quantitative Trait, Heritable, Psychiatric Disorders, anorexia-nervosa, Mental Disorder, Psychiatric Genomics, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], long-term survival, Engineering sciences. Technology, Human, General Science & Technology, population-based twin, diagnosis [Mental Disorders], MESH: Phenotype, Neurological Disorders, Quantitative Trait, MD Multidisciplinary, MESH: Mental Disorders, diagnosis [Brain Diseases], Heritable, genetic correlations, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, MESH: Humans, major depressive disorder, Risk Factor, Brain Diseases/classification, Brain Diseases/diagnosis, Brain Diseases/genetics, Mental Disorders/classification, Mental Disorders/diagnosis, Mental Disorders/genetics, classification [Brain Diseases], Perturbações do Desenvolvimento Infantil e Saúde Mental, ddc:320, MESH: Genome-Wide Association Study, genome-wide association, Brainstorm Consortium, Genetic Factors, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: INTRODUCTION Brain disorders may exhibit shared symptoms and substantial epidemiological comorbidity, inciting debate about their etiologic overlap. However, detailed study of phenotypes with different ages of onset, severity, and presentation poses a considerable challenge. Recently developed heritability methods allow us to accurately measure correlation of genome-wide common variant risk between two phenotypes from pools of different individuals and assess how connected they, or at least their genetic risks, are on the genomic level. We used genome-wide association data for 265,218 patients and 784,643 control participants, as well as 17 phenotypes from a total of 1,191,588 individuals, to quantify the degree of overlap for genetic risk factors of 25 common brain disorders. RATIONALE Over the past century, the classification of brain disorders has evolved to reflect the medical and scientific communities’ assessments of the presumed root causes of clinical phenomena such as behavioral change, loss of motor function, or alterations of consciousness. Directly observable phenomena (such as the presence of emboli, protein tangles, or unusual electrical activity patterns) generally define and separate neurological disorders from psychiatric disorders. Understanding the genetic underpinnings and categorical distinctions for brain disorders and related phenotypes may inform the search for their biological mechanisms. RESULTS Common variant risk for psychiatric disorders was shown to correlate significantly, especially among attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder (MDD), and schizophrenia. By contrast, neurological disorders appear more distinct from one another and from the psychiatric disorders, except for migraine, which was significantly correlated to ADHD, MDD, and Tourette syndrome. We demonstrate that, in the general population, the personality trait neuroticism is significantly correlated with almost every psychiatric disorder and migraine. We also identify significant genetic sharing between disorders and early life cognitive measures (e.g., years of education and college attainment) in the general population, demonstrating positive correlation with several psychiatric disorders (e.g., anorexia nervosa and bipolar disorder) and negative correlation with several neurological phenotypes (e.g., Alzheimer’s disease and ischemic stroke), even though the latter are considered to result from specific processes that occur later in life. Extensive simulations were also performed to inform how statistical power, diagnostic misclassification, and phenotypic heterogeneity influence genetic correlations. CONCLUSION The high degree of genetic correlation among many of the psychiatric disorders adds further evidence that their current clinical boundaries do not reflect distinct underlying pathogenic processes, at least on the genetic level. This suggests a deeply interconnected nature for psychiatric disorders, in contrast to neurological disorders, and underscores the need to refine psychiatric diagnostics. Genetically informed analyses may provide important “scaffolding” to support such restructuring of psychiatric nosology, which likely requires incorporating many levels of information. By contrast, we find limited evidence for widespread common genetic risk sharing among neurological disorders or across neurological and psychiatric disorders. We show that both psychiatric and neurological disorders have robust correlations with cognitive and personality measures. Further study is needed to evaluate whether overlapping genetic contributions to psychiatric pathology may influence treatment choices. Ultimately, such developments may pave the way toward reduced heterogeneity and improved diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric disorders.
Published: 2018

17. Parkinsonʼs disease: A genetic perspective

Author: Belin, Andrea C. and Westerlund, Marie
Published: 2008

18. Mendelian Randomisation Study of Smoking, Alcohol, and Coffee Drinking in Relation to Parkinson’s Disease

Author: Domenighetti, Cloé, Sugier, Pierre-Emmanuel, Sreelatha, Ashwin Ashok Kumar, Schulte, Claudia, Grover, Sandeep, Mohamed, Océane, Portugal, Berta, May, Patrick, Bobbili, Dheeraj R., Radivojkov-Blagojevic, Milena, Lichtner, Peter, Singleton, Andrew B., Hernandez, Dena G., Edsall, Connor, Mellick, George D., Zimprich, Alexander, Pirker, Walter, Rogaeva, Ekaterina, Lang, Anthony E., Koks, Sulev, Taba, Pille, Lesage, Suzanne, Brice, Alexis, Corvol, Jean-Christophe, Chartier-Harlin, Marie-Christine, Mutez, Eugénie, Brockmann, Kathrin, Deutschländer, Angela B., Hadjigeorgiou, Georges M., Dardiotis, Efthimos, Stefanis, Leonidas, Simitsi, Athina Maria, Valente, Enza Maria, Petrucci, Simona, Duga, Stefano, Straniero, Letizia, Zecchinelli, Anna, Pezzoli, Gianni, Brighina, Laura, Ferrarese, Carlo, Annesi, Grazia, Quattrone, Andrea, Gagliardi, Monica, Matsuo, Hirotaka, Kawamura, Yusuke, Hattori, Nobutaka, Nishioka, Kenya, Chung, Sun Ju, Kim, Yun Joong, Kolber, Pierre, van de Warrenburg, Bart PC, Bloem, Bastiaan R., Aasly, Jan, Toft, Mathias, Pihlstrøm, Lasse, Guedes, Leonor Correia, Ferreira, Joaquim J., Bardien, Soraya, Carr, Jonathan, Tolosa, Eduardo, Ezquerra, Mario, Pastor, Pau, Diez-Fairen, Monica, Wirdefeldt, Karin, Pedersen, Nancy L., Ran, Caroline, Belin, Andrea C., Puschmann, Andreas, Hellberg, Clara, Clarke, Carl E., Morrison, Karen E., Tan, Manuela, Krainc, Dimitri, Burbulla, Lena F., Farrer, Matt J., Krüger, Rejko, Gasser, Thomas, Sharma, Manu, and Elbaz, Alexis
Abstract: Previous studies showed that lifestyle behaviors (cigarette smoking, alcohol, coffee) are inversely associated with Parkinson’s disease (PD). The prodromal phase of PD raises the possibility that these associations may be explained by reverse causation. To examine associations of lifestyle behaviors with PD using two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) and the potential for survival and incidence-prevalence biases. We used summary statistics from publicly available studies to estimate the association of genetic polymorphisms with lifestyle behaviors, and from Courage-PD (7,369 cases, 7,018 controls; European ancestry) to estimate the association of these variants with PD. We used the inverse-variance weighted method to compute odds ratios (ORIVW) of PD and 95%confidence intervals (CI). Significance was determined using a Bonferroni-corrected significance threshold (p = 0.017). We found a significant inverse association between smoking initiation and PD (ORIVWper 1-SD increase in the prevalence of ever smoking = 0.74, 95%CI = 0.60–0.93, p = 0.009) without significant directional pleiotropy. Associations in participants ≤67 years old and cases with disease duration ≤7 years were of a similar size. No significant associations were observed for alcohol and coffee drinking. In reverse MR, genetic liability toward PD was not associated with smoking or coffee drinking but was positively associated with alcohol drinking. Our findings are in favor of an inverse association between smoking and PD that is not explained by reverse causation, confounding, and survival or incidence-prevalence biases. Genetic liability toward PD was positively associated with alcohol drinking. Conclusions on the association of alcohol and coffee drinking with PD are hampered by insufficient statistical power.
Published: 2022
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19. Meta-analysis of 375,000 individuals identifies 38 susceptibility loci for migraine

Author: Gormley, Padhraig, primary, Anttila, Verneri, additional, Winsvold, Bendik S, additional, Palta, Priit, additional, Esko, Tonu, additional, Pers, Tune H, additional, Farh, Kai-How, additional, Cuenca-Leon, Ester, additional, Muona, Mikko, additional, Furlotte, Nicholas A, additional, Kurth, Tobias, additional, Ingason, Andres, additional, McMahon, George, additional, Ligthart, Lannie, additional, Terwindt, Gisela M, additional, Kallela, Mikko, additional, Freilinger, Tobias M, additional, Ran, Caroline, additional, Gordon, Scott G, additional, Stam, Anine H, additional, Steinberg, Stacy, additional, Borck, Guntram, additional, Koiranen, Markku, additional, Quaye, Lydia, additional, Adams, Hieab HH, additional, Lehtimaki, Terho, additional, Sarin, Antti-Pekka, additional, Wedenoja, Juho, additional, Hinds, David A, additional, Buring, Julie E, additional, Schurks, Markus, additional, Ridker, Paul M, additional, Hrafnsdottir, Maria Gudlaug, additional, Stefansson, Hreinn, additional, Ring, Susan M, additional, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, additional, Penninx, Brenda WJH, additional, Farkkila, Markus, additional, Artto, Ville, additional, Kaunisto, Mari, additional, Vepsalainen, Salli, additional, Malik, Rainer, additional, Heath, Andrew C, additional, Madden, Pamela AF, additional, Martin, Nicholas G, additional, Montgomery, Grant W, additional, Hamalainen, Eija, additional, Huang, Hailiang, additional, Byrnes, Andrea E, additional, Franke, Lude, additional, Huang, Jie, additional, Stergiakouli, Evie, additional, Lee, Phil H, additional, Sandor, Cynthia, additional, Webber, Caleb, additional, Cader, Zameel, additional, Muller-Myhsok, Bertram, additional, Schreiber, Stefan, additional, Meitinger, Thomas, additional, Eriksson, Johan G, additional, Salomaa, Veikko, additional, Heikkila, Kauko, additional, Loehrer, Elizabeth, additional, Uitterlinden, Andre G, additional, Hofman, Albert, additional, van Duijn, Cornelia M, additional, Cherkas, Lynn, additional, Pedersen, Linda M, additional, Stubhaug, Audun, additional, Nielsen, Christopher S, additional, Mannikko, Minna, additional, Mihailov, Evelin, additional, Milani, Lili, additional, Gobel, Hartmut, additional, Esserlind, Ann-Louise, additional, Christensen, Anne Francke, additional, Hansen, Thomas Folkmann, additional, Werge, Thomas, additional, Kaprio, Jaakko, additional, Aromaa, Arpo J, additional, Raitakari, Olli, additional, Ikram, M Arfan, additional, Spector, Tim, additional, Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta, additional, Metspalu, Andres, additional, Kubisch, Christian, additional, Strachan, David P, additional, Ferrari, Michel D, additional, Belin, Andrea C, additional, Dichgans, Martin, additional, Wessman, Maija, additional, van den Maagdenberg, Arn MJM, additional, Zwart, John-Anker, additional, Boomsma, Dorret I, additional, Smith, George Davey, additional, Stefansson, Kari, additional, Eriksson, Nicholas, additional, Daly, Mark J, additional, Neale, Benjamin M, additional, Olesen, Jes, additional, Chasman, Daniel I, additional, Nyholt, Dale R, additional, and Palotie, Aarno, additional
Published: 2015
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20. A replication study of GWAS findings in migraine identifies association in a Swedish case–control sample

Author: Ran, Caroline, primary, Graae, Lisette, additional, Magnusson, Patrik KE, additional, Pedersen, Nancy L, additional, Olson, Lars, additional, and Belin, Andrea C, additional
Published: 2014
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21. Meta-analysis of 375,000 individuals identifies 38 susceptibility loci for migraine

Author: Gormley, Padhraig, Anttila, Verneri, Winsvold, Bendik S, Palta, Priit, Esko, Tonu, Pers, Tune H, Farh, Kai-How, Cuenca-Leon, Ester, Muona, Mikko, Furlotte, Nicholas A, Kurth, Tobias, Ingason, Andres, McMahon, George, Ligthart, Lannie, Terwindt, Gisela M, Kallela, Mikko, Freilinger, Tobias M, Ran, Caroline, Gordon, Scott G, Stam, Anine H, Steinberg, Stacy, Borck, Guntram, Koiranen, Markku, Quaye, Lydia, Adams, Hieab H H, Lehtimäki, Terho, Sarin, Antti-Pekka, Wedenoja, Juho, Hinds, David A, Buring, Julie E, Schürks, Markus, Ridker, Paul M, Hrafnsdottir, Maria Gudlaug, Stefansson, Hreinn, Ring, Susan M, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Penninx, Brenda W J H, Färkkilä, Markus, Artto, Ville, Kaunisto, Mari, Vepsäläinen, Salli, Malik, Rainer, Heath, Andrew C, Madden, Pamela A F, Martin, Nicholas G, Montgomery, Grant W, Kurki, Mitja I, Kals, Mart, Mägi, Reedik, Pärn, Kalle, Hämäläinen, Eija, Huang, Hailiang, Byrnes, Andrea E, Franke, Lude, Huang, Jie, Stergiakouli, Evie, Lee, Phil H, Sandor, Cynthia, Webber, Caleb, Cader, Zameel, Muller-Myhsok, Bertram, Schreiber, Stefan, Meitinger, Thomas, Eriksson, Johan G, Salomaa, Veikko, Heikkilä, Kauko, Loehrer, Elizabeth, Uitterlinden, Andre G, Hofman, Albert, van Duijn, Cornelia M, Cherkas, Lynn, Pedersen, Linda M, Stubhaug, Audun, Nielsen, Christopher S, Männikkö, Minna, Mihailov, Evelin, Milani, Lili, Göbel, Hartmut, Esserlind, Ann-Louise, Christensen, Anne Francke, Hansen, Thomas Folkmann, Werge, Thomas, Kaprio, Jaakko, Aromaa, Arpo J, Raitakari, Olli, Ikram, M Arfan, Spector, Tim, Järvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Metspalu, Andres, Kubisch, Christian, Strachan, David P, Ferrari, Michel D, Belin, Andrea C, Dichgans, Martin, Wessman, Maija, van den Maagdenberg, Arn M J M, Zwart, John-Anker, Boomsma, Dorret I, Smith, George Davey, Stefansson, Kari, Eriksson, Nicholas, Daly, Mark J, Neale, Benjamin M, Olesen, Jes, Chasman, Daniel I, Nyholt, Dale R, and Palotie, Aarno
Abstract: Migraine is a debilitating neurological disorder affecting around one in seven people worldwide, but its molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. There is some debate about whether migraine is a disease of vascular dysfunction or a result of neuronal dysfunction with secondary vascular changes. Genome-wide association (GWA) studies have thus far identified 13 independent loci associated with migraine. To identify new susceptibility loci, we carried out a genetic study of migraine on 59,674 affected subjects and 316,078 controls from 22 GWA studies. We identified 44 independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly associated with migraine risk (P < 5 × 10−8) that mapped to 38 distinct genomic loci, including 28 loci not previously reported and a locus that to our knowledge is the first to be identified on chromosome X. In subsequent computational analyses, the identified loci showed enrichment for genes expressed in vascular and smooth muscle tissues, consistent with a predominant theory of migraine that highlights vascular etiologies.
Published: 2016
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22. Recent advances in diagnosing, managing, and understanding the pathophysiology of cluster headache.

Author: Petersen, Anja S, Lund, Nunu, Goadsby, Peter J, Belin, Andrea C, Wang, Shuu-Jiun, Fronczek, Rolf, Burish, Mark, Cho, Soo-Jin, Peres, Mario F P, and Jensen, Rigmor H
Subjects: *CLUSTER headache, *CALCITONIN gene-related peptide, *PRIMARY headache disorders, *DIAGNOSIS, *PATHOLOGICAL physiology
Abstract: Cluster headache, characterised by attacks of severe, recurrent, unilateral headache and ipsilateral cranial autonomic symptoms, remains a primary headache with an elusive pathophysiology. Recent advances have introduced effective treatments and broadened understanding of the clinical features of cluster headache. These features are similar in patients globally, but regional differences in prevalence and burden exist. International collaborations have led to identification of eight genetic loci associated with cluster headache. The pathophysiological mechanisms are still not fully understood but recent studies show that targeting the trigeminal autonomic reflex by neurostimulation, or targeting the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), might lessen the attack burden. The US Food and Drug Administration has approved galcanezumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting CGRP, as the first specific preventive treatment for episodic cluster headache. However, a preventive effect was not replicated in chronic cluster headache, and the European Medicines Agency did not approve galcanezumab, restricting its availability in Europe. Owing to the low prevalence of cluster headache, continued collaboration through multicentre clinical trials and data sharing will be imperative for further breakthroughs in understanding and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024
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23. Analysis of NOS Gene Polymorphisms in Relation to Cluster Headache and Predisposing Factors in Sweden.

Author: Ran, Caroline, Michalska, Julia M., Fourier, Carmen, Sjöstrand, Christina, Waldenlind, Elisabet, Steinberg, Anna, and Belin, Andrea C.
Subjects: CLUSTER headache, NITRIC-oxide synthases, GENETIC polymorphisms
Abstract: Cluster headache is characterized by activation of the autonomic-trigeminal reflex. Nitric oxide can trigger headaches in patients, and nitric oxide signaling is known to be affected in cluster headache. Based on the hypothesis of nitric oxide being involved in cluster headache pathophysiology we investigated nitric oxide synthases as potential candidate genes for cluster headache. We analyzed eight variants in the three forms of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) genes, inducible NOS (iNOS), endothelial NOS (eNOS) and neuronal NOS (nNOS), and tested for association with cluster headache. Swedish cluster headache patients (n = 542) and controls (n = 581) were genotyped using TaqMan® assays on an Applied Biosystems 7500 qPCR cycler. This is the largest performed genetic study on NOS involvement in cluster headache so far. We found an association between cluster headache and one iNOS haplotype consisting of the minor alleles of rs2297518 and rs2779249 (p = 0.022). In addition, one of the analyzed nNOS variants, rs2682826, was associated with reported triptan use (p = 0.039). Our data suggest that genetic variants in NOS genes do not have a strong influence on cluster headache pathophysiology, but that certain combinations of genetic variants in NOS genes may influence the risk of developing the disorder or triptan use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2021
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24. Corrigendum: Meta-analysis of 375,000 individuals identifies 38 susceptibility loci for migraine

Author: Gormley, Padhraig, Anttila, Verneri, Winsvold, Bendik S, Palta, Priit, Esko, Tonu, Pers, Tune H, Farh, Kai-How, Cuenca-Leon, Ester, Muona, Mikko, Furlotte, Nicholas A, Kurth, Tobias, Ingason, Andres, McMahon, George, Ligthart, Lannie, Terwindt, Gisela M, Kallela, Mikko, Freilinger, Tobias M, Ran, Caroline, Gordon, Scott G, Stam, Anine H, Steinberg, Stacy, Borck, Guntram, Koiranen, Markku, Quaye, Lydia, Adams, Hieab H H, Lehtimäki, Terho, Sarin, Antti-Pekka, Wedenoja, Juho, Hinds, David A, Buring, Julie E, Schürks, Markus, Ridker, Paul M, Hrafnsdottir, Maria Gudlaug, Stefansson, Hreinn, Ring, Susan M, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Penninx, Brenda W J H, Färkkilä, Markus, Artto, Ville, Kaunisto, Mari, Vepsäläinen, Salli, Malik, Rainer, Heath, Andrew C, Madden, Pamela A F, Martin, Nicholas G, Montgomery, Grant W, Kurki, Mitja I, Kals, Mart, Mägi, Reedik, Pärn, Kalle, Hämäläinen, Eija, Huang, Hailiang, Byrnes, Andrea E, Franke, Lude, Huang, Jie, Stergiakouli, Evie, Lee, Phil H, Sandor, Cynthia, Webber, Caleb, Cader, Zameel, Muller-Myhsok, Bertram, Schreiber, Stefan, Meitinger, Thomas, Eriksson, Johan G, Salomaa, Veikko, Heikkilä, Kauko, Loehrer, Elizabeth, Uitterlinden, Andre G, Hofman, Albert, van Duijn, Cornelia M, Cherkas, Lynn, Pedersen, Linda M, Stubhaug, Audun, Nielsen, Christopher S, Männikkö, Minna, Mihailov, Evelin, Milani, Lili, Göbel, Hartmut, Esserlind, Ann-Louise, Christensen, Anne Francke, Hansen, Thomas Folkmann, Werge, Thomas, Kaprio, Jaakko, Aromaa, Arpo J, Raitakari, Olli, Ikram, M Arfan, Spector, Tim, Järvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Metspalu, Andres, Kubisch, Christian, Strachan, David P, Ferrari, Michel D, Belin, Andrea C, Dichgans, Martin, Wessman, Maija, van den Maagdenberg, Arn M J M, Zwart, John-Anker, Boomsma, Dorret I, Smith, George Davey, Stefansson, Kari, Eriksson, Nicholas, Daly, Mark J, Neale, Benjamin M, Olesen, Jes, Chasman, Daniel I, Nyholt, Dale R, and Palotie, Aarno
Published: 2016
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25. Association of Body Mass Index and Parkinson Disease: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study.

Author: Domenighetti C, Sugier PE, Ashok Kumar Sreelatha A, Schulte C, Grover S, Portugal B, Lee PC, May P, Bobbili D, Radivojkov Blagojevic M, Lichtner P, Singleton AB, Hernandez D, Edsall C, Mellick GD, Zimprich AA, Pirker W, Rogaeva EA, Lang AE, Koks S, Taba P, Lesage S, Brice A, Corvol JC, Chartier-Harlin MC, Mutez E, Brockmann K, Deutschlander AB, Hadjigeorgiou GM, Dardiotis E, Stefanis L, Simitsi AM, Valente EM, Petrucci S, Straniero L, Zecchinelli AL, Pezzoli G, Brighina L, Ferrarese C, Annesi G, Quattrone A, Gagliardi M, Matsuo H, Nakayama A, Hattori N, Nishioka K, Chung SJ, Kim YJ, Kolber P, Van De Warrenburg BPC, Bloem BR, Toft M, Pihlstrøm L, Correia Guedes L, Ferreira JJ, Bardien S, Carr J, Tolosa E, Ezquerra M, Pastor P, Diez-Fairen M, Wirdefeldt K, Pedersen NL, Ran C, Belin AC, Puschmann A, Hellberg C, Clarke CE, Morrison KE, Tan MM, Krainc D, Burbulla LF, Farrer M, Kruger R, Gasser T, Sharma M, and Elbaz A
Subjects: Humans, Female, Male, Middle Aged, Aged, Risk Factors, Mendelian Randomization Analysis, Parkinson Disease genetics, Parkinson Disease epidemiology, Body Mass Index, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide genetics, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract: Background and Objectives: The role of body mass index (BMI) in Parkinson disease (PD) is unclear. Based on the Comprehensive Unbiased Risk Factor Assessment for Genetics and Environment in PD (Courage-PD) consortium, we used 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to replicate a previously reported inverse association of genetically predicted BMI with PD and investigated whether findings were robust in analyses addressing the potential for survival and incidence-prevalence biases. We also examined whether the BMI-PD relation is bidirectional by performing a reverse MR., Methods: We used summary statistics from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to extract the association of 501 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with BMI and from the Courage-PD and international Parkinson Disease Genomics Consortium (iPDGC) to estimate their association with PD. Analyses are based on participants of European ancestry. We used the inverse-weighted method to compute odds ratios (OR IVW per 4.8 kg/m 2 [95% CI]) of PD and additional pleiotropy robust methods. We performed analyses stratified by age, disease duration, and sex. For reverse MR, we used SNPs associated with PD from 2 iPDGC GWAS to assess the effect of genetic liability toward PD on BMI., Results: Summary statistics for BMI are based on 806,834 participants (54% women). Summary statistics for PD are based on 8,919 (40% women) cases and 7,600 (55% women) controls from Courage-PD, and 19,438 (38% women) cases and 24,388 (51% women) controls from iPDGC. In Courage-PD, we found an inverse association between genetically predicted BMI and PD (OR IVW 0.82 [0.70-0.97], p = 0.012) without evidence for pleiotropy. This association tended to be stronger in younger participants (≤67 years, OR IVW 0.71 [0.55-0.92]) and cases with shorter disease duration (≤7 years, OR IVW 0.75 [0.62-0.91]). In pooled Courage-PD + iPDGC analyses, the association was stronger in women (OR IVW 0.85 [0.74-0.99], p = 0.032) than men (OR IVW 0.92 [0.80-1.04], p = 0.18), but the interaction was not statistically significant ( p -interaction = 0.48). In reverse MR, there was evidence for pleiotropy, but pleiotropy robust methods showed a significant inverse association., Discussion: Using an independent data set (Courage-PD), we replicate an inverse association of genetically predicted BMI with PD, not explained by survival or incidence-prevalence biases. Moreover, reverse MR analyses support an inverse association between genetic liability toward PD and BMI, in favor of a bidirectional relation.
Published: 2024
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26. Cluster Headache Genomewide Association Study and Meta-Analysis Identifies Eight Loci and Implicates Smoking as Causal Risk Factor.

Author: Winsvold BS, Harder AVE, Ran C, Chalmer MA, Dalmasso MC, Ferkingstad E, Tripathi KP, Bacchelli E, Børte S, Fourier C, Petersen AS, Vijfhuizen LS, Magnusson SH, O'Connor E, Bjornsdottir G, Häppölä P, Wang YF, Callesen I, Kelderman T, Gallardo VJ, de Boer I, Olofsgård FJ, Heinze K, Lund N, Thomas LF, Hsu CL, Pirinen M, Hautakangas H, Ribasés M, Guerzoni S, Sivakumar P, Yip J, Heinze A, Küçükali F, Ostrowski SR, Pedersen OB, Kristoffersen ES, Martinsen AE, Artigas MS, Lagrata S, Cainazzo MM, Adebimpe J, Quinn O, Göbel C, Cirkel A, Volk AE, Heilmann-Heimbach S, Skogholt AH, Gabrielsen ME, Wilbrink LA, Danno D, Mehta D, Guðbjartsson DF, Rosendaal FR, Willems van Dijk K, Fronczek R, Wagner M, Scherer M, Göbel H, Sleegers K, Sveinsson OA, Pani L, Zoli M, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Dardiotis E, Steinberg A, Riedel-Heller S, Sjöstrand C, Thorgeirsson TE, Stefansson H, Southgate L, Trembath RC, Vandrovcova J, Noordam R, Paemeleire K, Stefansson K, Fann CS, Waldenlind E, Tronvik E, Jensen RH, Chen SP, Houlden H, Terwindt GM, Kubisch C, Maestrini E, Vikelis M, Pozo-Rosich P, Belin AC, Matharu M, van den Maagdenberg AMJM, Hansen TF, Ramirez A, and Zwart JA
Subjects: Male, Humans, Female, Risk Factors, Genome-Wide Association Study, Smoking adverse effects, Smoking genetics, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide genetics, Genetic Predisposition to Disease genetics, Cluster Headache epidemiology, Cluster Headache genetics, Migraine Disorders
Abstract: Objective: The objective of this study was to aggregate data for the first genomewide association study meta-analysis of cluster headache, to identify genetic risk variants, and gain biological insights., Methods: A total of 4,777 cases (3,348 men and 1,429 women) with clinically diagnosed cluster headache were recruited from 10 European and 1 East Asian cohorts. We first performed an inverse-variance genomewide association meta-analysis of 4,043 cases and 21,729 controls of European ancestry. In a secondary trans-ancestry meta-analysis, we included 734 cases and 9,846 controls of East Asian ancestry. Candidate causal genes were prioritized by 5 complementary methods: expression quantitative trait loci, transcriptome-wide association, fine-mapping of causal gene sets, genetically driven DNA methylation, and effects on protein structure. Gene set and tissue enrichment analyses, genetic correlation, genetic risk score analysis, and Mendelian randomization were part of the downstream analyses., Results: The estimated single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based heritability of cluster headache was 14.5%. We identified 9 independent signals in 7 genomewide significant loci in the primary meta-analysis, and one additional locus in the trans-ethnic meta-analysis. Five of the loci were previously known. The 20 genes prioritized as potentially causal for cluster headache showed enrichment to artery and brain tissue. Cluster headache was genetically correlated with cigarette smoking, risk-taking behavior, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression, and musculoskeletal pain. Mendelian randomization analysis indicated a causal effect of cigarette smoking intensity on cluster headache. Three of the identified loci were shared with migraine., Interpretation: This first genomewide association study meta-analysis gives clues to the biological basis of cluster headache and indicates that smoking is a causal risk factor. ANN NEUROL 2023;94:713-726., (© 2023 The Authors. Annals of Neurology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Neurological Association.)
Published: 2023
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27. Genome-wide Association and Meta-analysis of Age at Onset in Parkinson Disease: Evidence From the COURAGE-PD Consortium.

Author: Grover S, Kumar Sreelatha AA, Pihlstrom L, Domenighetti C, Schulte C, Sugier PE, Radivojkov-Blagojevic M, Lichtner P, Mohamed O, Portugal B, Landoulsi Z, May P, Bobbili D, Edsall C, Bartusch F, Hanussek M, Krüger J, Hernandez DG, Blauwendraat C, Mellick GD, Zimprich A, Pirker W, Tan M, Rogaeva E, Lang A, Koks S, Taba P, Lesage S, Brice A, Corvol JC, Chartier-Harlin MC, Mutez E, Brockmann K, Deutschländer AB, Hadjigeorgiou GM, Dardiotis E, Stefanis L, Simitsi AM, Valente EM, Petrucci S, Straniero L, Zecchinelli A, Pezzoli G, Brighina L, Ferrarese C, Annesi G, Quattrone A, Gagliardi M, Burbulla LF, Matsuo H, Kawamura Y, Hattori N, Nishioka K, Chung SJ, Kim YJ, Pavelka L, van de Warrenburg BPC, Bloem BR, Singleton AB, Aasly J, Toft M, Guedes LC, Ferreira JJ, Bardien S, Carr J, Tolosa E, Ezquerra M, Pastor P, Diez-Fairen M, Wirdefeldt K, Pedersen NL, Ran C, Belin AC, Puschmann A, Hellberg C, Clarke CE, Morrison KE, Krainc D, Farrer MJ, Kruger R, Elbaz A, Gasser T, and Sharma M
Subjects: Age of Onset, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease genetics, Genome-Wide Association Study, Humans, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Courage, Parkinson Disease epidemiology, Parkinson Disease genetics
Abstract: Background and Objectives: Considerable heterogeneity exists in the literature concerning genetic determinants of the age at onset (AAO) of Parkinson disease (PD), which could be attributed to a lack of well-powered replication cohorts. The previous largest genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified SNCA and TMEM175 loci on chromosome (Chr) 4 with a significant influence on the AAO of PD; these have not been independently replicated. This study aims to conduct a meta-analysis of GWAS of PD AAO and validate previously observed findings in worldwide populations., Methods: A meta-analysis was performed on PD AAO GWAS of 30 populations of predominantly European ancestry from the Comprehensive Unbiased Risk Factor Assessment for Genetics and Environment in Parkinson's Disease (COURAGE-PD) Consortium. This was followed by combining our study with the largest publicly available European ancestry dataset compiled by the International Parkinson Disease Genomics Consortium (IPDGC)., Results: The COURAGE-PD Consortium included a cohort of 8,535 patients with PD (91.9%: Europeans and 9.1%: East Asians). The average AAO in the COURAGE-PD dataset was 58.9 years (SD = 11.6), with an underrepresentation of females (40.2%). The heritability estimate for AAO in COURAGE-PD was 0.083 (SE = 0.057). None of the loci reached genome-wide significance ( p < 5 × 10 -8 ). Nevertheless, the COURAGE-PD dataset confirmed the role of the previously published TMEM175 variant as a genetic determinant of the AAO of PD with Bonferroni-corrected nominal levels of significance ( p < 0.025): (rs34311866: β(SE) COURAGE = 0.477(0.203), p COURAGE = 0.0185). The subsequent meta-analysis of COURAGE-PD and IPDGC datasets (N total = 25,950) led to the identification of 2 genome-wide significant association signals on Chr 4, including the previously reported SNCA locus (rs983361: β(SE) COURAGE+IPDGC = 0.720(0.122), p COURAGE+IPDGC = 3.13 × 10 -9 ) and a novel BST1 locus (rs4698412: β(SE) COURAGE+IPDGC = -0.526(0.096), p COURAGE+IPDGC = 4.41 × 10 -8 )., Discussion: Our study further refines the genetic architecture of Chr 4 underlying the AAO of the PD phenotype through the identification of BST1 as a novel AAO PD locus. These findings open a new direction for the development of treatments to delay the onset of PD., (Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Neurology.)
Published: 2022
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28. Dairy Intake and Parkinson's Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Study.

Author: Domenighetti C, Sugier PE, Ashok Kumar Sreelatha A, Schulte C, Grover S, Mohamed O, Portugal B, May P, Bobbili DR, Radivojkov-Blagojevic M, Lichtner P, Singleton AB, Hernandez DG, Edsall C, Mellick GD, Zimprich A, Pirker W, Rogaeva E, Lang AE, Koks S, Taba P, Lesage S, Brice A, Corvol JC, Chartier-Harlin MC, Mutez E, Brockmann K, Deutschländer AB, Hadjigeorgiou GM, Dardiotis E, Stefanis L, Simitsi AM, Valente EM, Petrucci S, Duga S, Straniero L, Zecchinelli A, Pezzoli G, Brighina L, Ferrarese C, Annesi G, Quattrone A, Gagliardi M, Matsuo H, Kawamura Y, Hattori N, Nishioka K, Chung SJ, Kim YJ, Kolber P, van de Warrenburg BPC, Bloem BR, Aasly J, Toft M, Pihlstrøm L, Correia Guedes L, Ferreira JJ, Bardien S, Carr J, Tolosa E, Ezquerra M, Pastor P, Diez-Fairen M, Wirdefeldt K, Pedersen NL, Ran C, Belin AC, Puschmann A, Hellberg C, Clarke CE, Morrison KE, Tan M, Krainc D, Burbulla LF, Farrer MJ, Krüger R, Gasser T, Sharma M, and Elbaz A
Subjects: Dairy Products adverse effects, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease genetics, Genome-Wide Association Study, Humans, Male, Mendelian Randomization Analysis, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide genetics, Risk Factors, Parkinson Disease epidemiology, Parkinson Disease genetics
Abstract: Background: Previous prospective studies highlighted dairy intake as a risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD), particularly in men. It is unclear whether this association is causal or explained by reverse causation or confounding., Objective: The aim is to examine the association between genetically predicted dairy intake and PD using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR)., Methods: We genotyped a well-established instrumental variable for dairy intake located in the lactase gene (rs4988235) within the Courage-PD consortium (23 studies; 9823 patients and 8376 controls of European ancestry)., Results: Based on a dominant model, there was an association between genetic predisposition toward higher dairy intake and PD (odds ratio [OR] per one serving per day = 1.70, 95% confidence interval = 1.12-2.60, P = 0.013) that was restricted to men (OR = 2.50 [1.37-4.56], P = 0.003; P-difference with women = 0.029)., Conclusions: Using MR, our findings provide further support for a causal relationship between dairy intake and higher PD risk, not biased by confounding or reverse causation. Further studies are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society., (© 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.)
Published: 2022
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29. Analysis of shared heritability in common disorders of the brain.

Author: Anttila V, Bulik-Sullivan B, Finucane HK, Walters RK, Bras J, Duncan L, Escott-Price V, Falcone GJ, Gormley P, Malik R, Patsopoulos NA, Ripke S, Wei Z, Yu D, Lee PH, Turley P, Grenier-Boley B, Chouraki V, Kamatani Y, Berr C, Letenneur L, Hannequin D, Amouyel P, Boland A, Deleuze JF, Duron E, Vardarajan BN, Reitz C, Goate AM, Huentelman MJ, Kamboh MI, Larson EB, Rogaeva E, St George-Hyslop P, Hakonarson H, Kukull WA, Farrer LA, Barnes LL, Beach TG, Demirci FY, Head E, Hulette CM, Jicha GA, Kauwe JSK, Kaye JA, Leverenz JB, Levey AI, Lieberman AP, Pankratz VS, Poon WW, Quinn JF, Saykin AJ, Schneider LS, Smith AG, Sonnen JA, Stern RA, Van Deerlin VM, Van Eldik LJ, Harold D, Russo G, Rubinsztein DC, Bayer A, Tsolaki M, Proitsi P, Fox NC, Hampel H, Owen MJ, Mead S, Passmore P, Morgan K, Nöthen MM, Rossor M, Lupton MK, Hoffmann P, Kornhuber J, Lawlor B, McQuillin A, Al-Chalabi A, Bis JC, Ruiz A, Boada M, Seshadri S, Beiser A, Rice K, van der Lee SJ, De Jager PL, Geschwind DH, Riemenschneider M, Riedel-Heller S, Rotter JI, Ransmayr G, Hyman BT, Cruchaga C, Alegret M, Winsvold B, Palta P, Farh KH, Cuenca-Leon E, Furlotte N, Kurth T, Ligthart L, Terwindt GM, Freilinger T, Ran C, Gordon SD, Borck G, Adams HHH, Lehtimäki T, Wedenoja J, Buring JE, Schürks M, Hrafnsdottir M, Hottenga JJ, Penninx B, Artto V, Kaunisto M, Vepsäläinen S, Martin NG, Montgomery GW, Kurki MI, Hämäläinen E, Huang H, Huang J, Sandor C, Webber C, Muller-Myhsok B, Schreiber S, Salomaa V, Loehrer E, Göbel H, Macaya A, Pozo-Rosich P, Hansen T, Werge T, Kaprio J, Metspalu A, Kubisch C, Ferrari MD, Belin AC, van den Maagdenberg AMJM, Zwart JA, Boomsma D, Eriksson N, Olesen J, Chasman DI, Nyholt DR, Avbersek A, Baum L, Berkovic S, Bradfield J, Buono RJ, Catarino CB, Cossette P, De Jonghe P, Depondt C, Dlugos D, Ferraro TN, French J, Hjalgrim H, Jamnadas-Khoda J, Kälviäinen R, Kunz WS, Lerche H, Leu C, Lindhout D, Lo W, Lowenstein D, McCormack M, Møller RS, Molloy A, Ng PW, Oliver K, Privitera M, Radtke R, Ruppert AK, Sander T, Schachter S, Schankin C, Scheffer I, Schoch S, Sisodiya SM, Smith P, Sperling M, Striano P, Surges R, Thomas GN, Visscher F, Whelan CD, Zara F, Heinzen EL, Marson A, Becker F, Stroink H, Zimprich F, Gasser T, Gibbs R, Heutink P, Martinez M, Morris HR, Sharma M, Ryten M, Mok KY, Pulit S, Bevan S, Holliday E, Attia J, Battey T, Boncoraglio G, Thijs V, Chen WM, Mitchell B, Rothwell P, Sharma P, Sudlow C, Vicente A, Markus H, Kourkoulis C, Pera J, Raffeld M, Silliman S, Boraska Perica V, Thornton LM, Huckins LM, William Rayner N, Lewis CM, Gratacos M, Rybakowski F, Keski-Rahkonen A, Raevuori A, Hudson JI, Reichborn-Kjennerud T, Monteleone P, Karwautz A, Mannik K, Baker JH, O'Toole JK, Trace SE, Davis OSP, Helder SG, Ehrlich S, Herpertz-Dahlmann B, Danner UN, van Elburg AA, Clementi M, Forzan M, Docampo E, Lissowska J, Hauser J, Tortorella A, Maj M, Gonidakis F, Tziouvas K, Papezova H, Yilmaz Z, Wagner G, Cohen-Woods S, Herms S, Julià A, Rabionet R, Dick DM, Ripatti S, Andreassen OA, Espeseth T, Lundervold AJ, Steen VM, Pinto D, Scherer SW, Aschauer H, Schosser A, Alfredsson L, Padyukov L, Halmi KA, Mitchell J, Strober M, Bergen AW, Kaye W, Szatkiewicz JP, Cormand B, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Sánchez-Mora C, Ribasés M, Casas M, Hervas A, Arranz MJ, Haavik J, Zayats T, Johansson S, Williams N, Dempfle A, Rothenberger A, Kuntsi J, Oades RD, Banaschewski T, Franke B, Buitelaar JK, Arias Vasquez A, Doyle AE, Reif A, Lesch KP, Freitag C, Rivero O, Palmason H, Romanos M, Langley K, Rietschel M, Witt SH, Dalsgaard S, Børglum AD, Waldman I, Wilmot B, Molly N, Bau CHD, Crosbie J, Schachar R, Loo SK, McGough JJ, Grevet EH, Medland SE, Robinson E, Weiss LA, Bacchelli E, Bailey A, Bal V, Battaglia A, Betancur C, Bolton P, Cantor R, Celestino-Soper P, Dawson G, De Rubeis S, Duque F, Green A, Klauck SM, Leboyer M, Levitt P, Maestrini E, Mane S, De-Luca DM, Parr J, Regan R, Reichenberg A, Sandin S, Vorstman J, Wassink T, Wijsman E, Cook E, Santangelo S, Delorme R, Rogé B, Magalhaes T, Arking D, Schulze TG, Thompson RC, Strohmaier J, Matthews K, Melle I, Morris D, Blackwood D, McIntosh A, Bergen SE, Schalling M, Jamain S, Maaser A, Fischer SB, Reinbold CS, Fullerton JM, Guzman-Parra J, Mayoral F, Schofield PR, Cichon S, Mühleisen TW, Degenhardt F, Schumacher J, Bauer M, Mitchell PB, Gershon ES, Rice J, Potash JB, Zandi PP, Craddock N, Ferrier IN, Alda M, Rouleau GA, Turecki G, Ophoff R, Pato C, Anjorin A, Stahl E, Leber M, Czerski PM, Cruceanu C, Jones IR, Posthuma D, Andlauer TFM, Forstner AJ, Streit F, Baune BT, Air T, Sinnamon G, Wray NR, MacIntyre DJ, Porteous D, Homuth G, Rivera M, Grove J, Middeldorp CM, Hickie I, Pergadia M, Mehta D, Smit JH, Jansen R, de Geus E, Dunn E, Li QS, Nauck M, Schoevers RA, Beekman AT, Knowles JA, Viktorin A, Arnold P, Barr CL, Bedoya-Berrio G, Bienvenu OJ, Brentani H, Burton C, Camarena B, Cappi C, Cath D, Cavallini M, Cusi D, Darrow S, Denys D, Derks EM, Dietrich A, Fernandez T, Figee M, Freimer N, Gerber G, Grados M, Greenberg E, Hanna GL, Hartmann A, Hirschtritt ME, Hoekstra PJ, Huang A, Huyser C, Illmann C, Jenike M, Kuperman S, Leventhal B, Lochner C, Lyon GJ, Macciardi F, Madruga-Garrido M, Malaty IA, Maras A, McGrath L, Miguel EC, Mir P, Nestadt G, Nicolini H, Okun MS, Pakstis A, Paschou P, Piacentini J, Pittenger C, Plessen K, Ramensky V, Ramos EM, Reus V, Richter MA, Riddle MA, Robertson MM, Roessner V, Rosário M, Samuels JF, Sandor P, Stein DJ, Tsetsos F, Van Nieuwerburgh F, Weatherall S, Wendland JR, Wolanczyk T, Worbe Y, Zai G, Goes FS, McLaughlin N, Nestadt PS, Grabe HJ, Depienne C, Konkashbaev A, Lanzagorta N, Valencia-Duarte A, Bramon E, Buccola N, Cahn W, Cairns M, Chong SA, Cohen D, Crespo-Facorro B, Crowley J, Davidson M, DeLisi L, Dinan T, Donohoe G, Drapeau E, Duan J, Haan L, Hougaard D, Karachanak-Yankova S, Khrunin A, Klovins J, Kučinskas V, Lee Chee Keong J, Limborska S, Loughland C, Lönnqvist J, Maher B, Mattheisen M, McDonald C, Murphy KC, Nenadic I, van Os J, Pantelis C, Pato M, Petryshen T, Quested D, Roussos P, Sanders AR, Schall U, Schwab SG, Sim K, So HC, Stögmann E, Subramaniam M, Toncheva D, Waddington J, Walters J, Weiser M, Cheng W, Cloninger R, Curtis D, Gejman PV, Henskens F, Mattingsdal M, Oh SY, Scott R, Webb B, Breen G, Churchhouse C, Bulik CM, Daly M, Dichgans M, Faraone SV, Guerreiro R, Holmans P, Kendler KS, Koeleman B, Mathews CA, Price A, Scharf J, Sklar P, Williams J, Wood NW, Cotsapas C, Palotie A, Smoller JW, Sullivan P, Rosand J, Corvin A, Neale BM, Schott JM, Anney R, Elia J, Grigoroiu-Serbanescu M, Edenberg HJ, and Murray R
Subjects: Brain Diseases classification, Brain Diseases diagnosis, Genetic Variation, Genome-Wide Association Study, Humans, Mental Disorders classification, Mental Disorders diagnosis, Phenotype, Quantitative Trait, Heritable, Risk Factors, Brain Diseases genetics, Mental Disorders genetics
Abstract: Disorders of the brain can exhibit considerable epidemiological comorbidity and often share symptoms, provoking debate about their etiologic overlap. We quantified the genetic sharing of 25 brain disorders from genome-wide association studies of 265,218 patients and 784,643 control participants and assessed their relationship to 17 phenotypes from 1,191,588 individuals. Psychiatric disorders share common variant risk, whereas neurological disorders appear more distinct from one another and from the psychiatric disorders. We also identified significant sharing between disorders and a number of brain phenotypes, including cognitive measures. Further, we conducted simulations to explore how statistical power, diagnostic misclassification, and phenotypic heterogeneity affect genetic correlations. These results highlight the importance of common genetic variation as a risk factor for brain disorders and the value of heritability-based methods in understanding their etiology., (Copyright © 2018 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.)
Published: 2018
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29 results on '"Belin, Andrea C"'

1. Genetic Risk Score for Intracranial Aneurysms: Prediction of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and Role in Clinical Heterogeneity

2. HMG-CoA reductase is a potential therapeutic target for migraine: a mendelian randomization study.

3. Investigation of Shared Genetic Risk Factors Between Parkinson's Disease and Cancers

4. Molecular genetic overlap between migraine and major depressive disorder

5. Multimorbidity and Sickness Absence/Disability Pension in Patients With Cluster Headache and Matched References

6. A causal effects of gut microbiota in the development of migraine.

7. Sex Differences in Clinical Features, Treatment, and Lifestyle Factors in Patients With Cluster Headache

8. Genome-wide Association and Meta-analysis of Age at Onset in Parkinson Disease: Evidence From the COURAGE-PD Consortium

9. Genome-wide Association and Meta-analysis of Age-at-Onset in Parkinson Disease: Evidence From COURAGE-PD Consortium 10.1212/WNL.0000000000200699

10. The Interaction between HLA-DRB1 and Smoking in Parkinson's Disease Revisited

11. Dairy Intake and Parkinson's Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Study

12. Causal relationships between migraine and microstructural white matter: a Mendelian randomization study.

13. Cerebral small vessel disease genomics and its implications across the lifespan

14. A genome-wide cross-phenotype meta-analysis of the association of blood pressure with migraine

15. Analysis of NOS Gene Polymorphisms in Relation to Cluster Headache and Predisposing Factors in Sweden

16. Analysis of shared heritability in common disorders of the brain

17. Parkinsonʼs disease: A genetic perspective

18. Mendelian Randomisation Study of Smoking, Alcohol, and Coffee Drinking in Relation to Parkinson’s Disease

19. Meta-analysis of 375,000 individuals identifies 38 susceptibility loci for migraine

20. A replication study of GWAS findings in migraine identifies association in a Swedish case–control sample

21. Meta-analysis of 375,000 individuals identifies 38 susceptibility loci for migraine

22. Recent advances in diagnosing, managing, and understanding the pathophysiology of cluster headache.

23. Analysis of NOS Gene Polymorphisms in Relation to Cluster Headache and Predisposing Factors in Sweden.

24. Corrigendum: Meta-analysis of 375,000 individuals identifies 38 susceptibility loci for migraine

25. Association of Body Mass Index and Parkinson Disease: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study.

26. Cluster Headache Genomewide Association Study and Meta-Analysis Identifies Eight Loci and Implicates Smoking as Causal Risk Factor.

27. Genome-wide Association and Meta-analysis of Age at Onset in Parkinson Disease: Evidence From the COURAGE-PD Consortium.

28. Dairy Intake and Parkinson's Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Study.

29. Analysis of shared heritability in common disorders of the brain.

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