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4. The economic, environmental and social performance of European certified food

Author

Bellassen, Valentin, Drut, Marion, Hilal, Mohamed, Bodini, Antonio, Donati, Michele, de Labarre, Matthieu Duboys, Filipović, Jelena, Gauvrit, Lisa, Gil, José M., Hoang, Viet, Malak-Rawlikowska, Agata, Mattas, Konstadinos, Monier-Dilhan, Sylvette, Muller, Paul, Napasintuwong, Orachos, Peerlings, Jack, Poméon, Thomas, Tomić Maksan, Marina, Török, Áron, Veneziani, Mario, Vittersø, Gunnar, and Arfini, Filippo

Published
2022
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5. Common Methods and Sustainability Indicators

Author

Bellassen, Valentin, Antonioli, Federico, Bodini, Antonio, Donati, Michele, Drut, Marion, de Labarre, Matthieu Duboys, Hilal, Mohamed, Monier-Dilhan, Sylvette, Muller, Paul, Poméon, Thomas, Veneziani, Mario, Arfini, Filippo, editor, and Bellassen, Valentin, editor

Published
2019
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6. PDO Comté Cheese in France

Author

Husson, Elisa, Delesse, Lisa, Paget, Amaury, Courbou, Rémi, Bellassen, Valentin, Drut, Marion, Arfini, Filippo, editor, and Bellassen, Valentin, editor

Published
2019
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7. Organic Flour in France

Author

Juge, Chloé, Langard, Elie, Le Traou, Mathilde, Rival, Agathe, Simmen, Maëlle, Bellassen, Valentin, Drut, Marion, Duboys De Labarre, Matthieu, Arfini, Filippo, editor, and Bellassen, Valentin, editor

Published
2019
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15. The Drivers of the Nutritional Quality and Carbon Footprint of School Menus in the Paris Area.

Author

Chiaverina, Pierre, Raynaud, Emmanuel, Fillâtre, Marie, Nicklaus, Sophie, and Bellassen, Valentin

Subjects
ECOLOGICAL impact, SCHOOL food, MENUS, ENVIRONMENTAL quality, FOOD relief, PUBLIC schools, FOOD banks
Abstract

Public school food procurement has been identified as a key lever in the transition towards sustainable food systems. In this study, we assess the nutritional quality and the carbon footprint of 2020 school menus served in 101 municipalities in the inner suburbs of Paris. In this sample, school canteens menus meet an average 8.2/15 (min = 4, max = 14) adequacy score to the regulatory nutritional quality frequency criteria and their carbon footprint averages at 1.9 (min = 1.2, max = 2.6) kgCO2e/day. The nutritional and environmental qualities of canteen menus were not correlated with each other. In-house canteens have a significantly higher nutritional quality – 0.7 more points – and so do larger canteens. The carbon footprint significantly decreases with an increasing education level of the population and, for in-house canteens, it also decreases by 0.16 kgCO2e/day with a ten-fold increase in canteen size and by 0.0035 kgCO2e/day per percent of left-wing vote, breaking even with delegated canteens above 3500 enrolled children and 53% of left-wing vote respectively. The frequency of certified food (mean = 18%, min = 0%, max = 51%), a cornerstone of the 2018 national law aiming at more sustainable institutional catering, has no impact on our indicators of nutritional quality and carbon footprint. The substantial variations between canteens in both nutritional and environmental qualities suggests that there is room for improvement on both ends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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18. A marginal abatement cost curve for greenhouse gases attenuation by additional carbon storage in French agricultural land

Author

Bamiere, Laure, Bellassen, Valentin, Angers, Denis, Cardinael, Rémi, Ceschia, Eric, Chenu, Claire, Constantin, Julie, Delame, Nathalie, Diallo, A., Graux, Anne-Isabelle, Houot, Sabine, Klumpp, Katja, Launay, Camille, Letort, Elodie, Martin, Raphael, Meziere, Delphine, Mosnier, Claire, Réchauchère, Olivier, Schiavo, Michele, Thérond, Olivier, Pellerin, Sylvain, Paris-Saclay Applied Economics (UMR PSAE), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre d'Economie et de Sociologie Rurales Appliquées à l'Agriculture et aux Espaces Ruraux (CESAER), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Dijon, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre de recherche et de développement sur les aliments, Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada [Saint Hyacinte, Québec, Canada], Agroécologie et Intensification Durables des cultures annuelles (UPR AIDA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Direction du département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Direction Persyst), University of Zimbabwe (UZ), Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Rennes Angers, Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires (SMART), Agrosystèmes Biodiversifiés (UMR ABSys), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), Agronomie, Direction de l'Expertise scientifique collective, de la Prospective et des Etudes, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut du Développement Durable et des Relations Internationales (IDDRI), Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Paris, Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement - Antenne Colmar (LAE-Colmar ), Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement (LAE), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), This work was supported by the French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food, and environment (INRAE), the French Agency for Ecological Transition (ADEME), and the French Ministry of Agriculture (MAA) (convention n.1660C0020). The Secure Data Access Centre (CASD) of the French Ministry of Agriculture provided access to the French Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) and this work was indirectly supported by a public grant of the French National Research Agency as part of the 'Investissements d'avenir' program (ANR-10-EQPX-0017, Centre d'acces securise aux donnees - CASD). Authors acknowledges support from the Horizon 2020 European Joint Programme SOIL (EJP-SOIL, grant agreement: 862695). L. Bamière, C. Chenu, N. Delame, and S. Houot acknowledges support from CLAND and benefited from the French state aid managed by the ANR under the 'Investissements d'avenir' programme with the reference ANR-16-CONV-0003., ANR-10-EQPX-0017,CASD,Développement et construction d'un Centre d'Accès Sécurisé Distant aux données confidentielles (CASD) pour la recherche française en sciences sociales et en économie.(2010), ANR-16-CONV-0003,CLAND,CLAND : Changement climatique et usage des terres(2016), and European Project: 862695,H2020,H2020-SFS-2019-1,EJP SOIL(2020)

Subjects
Terre agricole, P40 - Météorologie et climatologie, F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture, Carbone organique du sol, Abatement cost, [SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, Greenhouse gas, Carbon neutrality, Climate change mitigation, atténuation des effets du changement climatique, JEL: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics • Environmental and Ecological Economics/Q.Q1 - Agriculture, émission de gaz, Coût marginal, Agriculture, [SDV.SA.AEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agriculture, economy and politics, JEL: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics • Environmental and Ecological Economics/Q.Q5 - Environmental Economics/Q.Q5.Q54 - Climate • Natural Disasters and Their Management • Global Warming, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, séquestration du carbone, réduction des émissions, JEL: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics • Environmental and Ecological Economics, France, Gaz à effet de serre, Soil organic carbon sequestration
Abstract

International audience; Highlights:• Additional carbon storage, net GHG budget, and cost of 8 agricultural practices.• MACC shows abatement potential of 40–60 MtCO2e.yr−1 for carbon price 55–250 €.tCO2e−1.• Key practices: agroforestry, hedges, cover crops, grasslands in crop sequences.• No “one size fits all strategy” due to heterogeneity across regions and practices.• French agricultural carbon sink potential is 5 times higher than anticipated by the government.Abstract:Following the Paris agreement in 2015, the European Union (EU) set a carbon neutrality objective by 2050, and so did France. The French agricultural sector can contribute as a carbon sink through carbon storage in biomass and soil, in addition to reducing GHG emissions. The objective of this study is to quantitatively assess the additional storage potential and cost of a set of eight carbon-storing practices. The impacts of these agricultural practices on soil organic carbon storage and crop production are assessed at a very fine spatial scale, using crop and grassland models. The associated area base, GHG budget, and implementation costs are assessed and aggregated at the region level. The economic model BANCO uses this information to derive the marginal abatement cost curve for France and identify the combination of carbon storing practices that minimizes the total cost of achieving a given national net GHG mitigation target. We find that a substantial amount of carbon, 36.2 to 52.9 MtCO2e yr-1, can be stored in soil and biomass for reasonable carbon prices of 55 and 250 € tCO2e-1, respectively (corresponding to current and 2030 French carbon value for climate action), mainly by developing agroforestry and hedges, generalising cover crops, and introducing or extending temporary grasslands in crop sequences. This finding questions the 3-5 times lower target of 10 MtCO2e.yr-1 retained for the agricultural carbon sink by the French climate neutrality strategy. Overall, this would decrease total French GHG emissions by 9.2 to 13.8%, respectively (reference year 2019).; Suite aux accords de Paris en 2015, l'Union européenne (UE) s'est fixé un objectif de neutralité carbone d'ici à 2050, tout comme la France. En plus de réduire les émissions de GES, le secteur agricole français peut contribuer à la neutralité carbone en tant que puits de carbone, par le stockage de carbone dans le sol et la biomasse. L'objectif de cette étude est de quantifier le potentiel de stockage additionnel et le coût d'un ensemble de huit pratiques stockantes. Les impacts de ces pratiques agricoles sur le stockage du carbone organique du sol et les rendements des cultures sont évalués à une échelle spatiale très fine, à l'aide de modèles de cultures et de prairies. L'assiette, le bilan GES net et le coût de mise en œuvre associés à chaque pratique sont également évalués et agrégés au niveau régional. Le modèle économique BANCO utilise ces informations pour générer la courbe de coût marginal d'abattement pour la France, et identifier la combinaison de pratiques stockantes qui minimise le coût total pour atteindre un objectif national donné d'atténuation des émissions de GES nettes. Nous montrons qu'une quantité non négligeable de carbone, de 36,2 à 52,9 MtCO2e an-1, peut être stockée dans le sol et la biomasse pour des prix du carbone raisonnables de 55 et 250 € tCO2e-1, respectivement (correspondant à la "valeur de l'action pour le climat" actuelle et 2030, fixée par le gouvernement français), et cela principalement par le développement de l'agroforesterie et des haies, la généralisation des cultures intermédiaires, l'introduction ou l'extension des prairies temporaires dans les séquences de culture. Ce résultat remet en cause l'objectif 3 à 5 fois inférieur retenu pour le puits de carbone agricole (10 MtCO2e.an-1) par la stratégie nationale bas carbone. Globalement, ce stockage additionnel de carbone permettrait de réduire les émissions totales de GES de la France de 9,2 à 13,8 %, respectivement (année de référence 2019).

Published
2023

19. ProDij – Action 13: Healthy and sustainable diets for all

Author

Bellassen, Valentin

Subjects
Economics, Environmental Studies, Life Sciences, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Nutrition, Food Science
Abstract

ProDij is a project launched by the city of Dijon, France, in 2020. It is divided in different “Actions” and this work is part of Action n°13 which focuses on healthy and sustainable food for everyone. Human health and climate change mitigation are two major socio-economic challenges. Both share different factors and one of them is diet. By improving dietary habits, we can potentially improve health and the environment. Thus, the aim of this project is to give disadvantaged populations a better conception and a better access to healthy and pro-environmental food (such as fruits, vegetables and legumes) through information, empowerment and financial aid (food vouchers). The objective is to analyse dietary habits from subjects of social grocery stores (SGS) of the metropolitan area of Dijon and look for solutions to improve their diets in terms of health and environment. A secondary objective behind this project is to create a blueprint of what can be done at the policy level to improve people’s dietary habits. The idea of starting with disadvantaged populations is due to the fact that these populations face not only food insecurity but also financial stress. This generates a vicious circle where diets, physical as well as mental health and the environment get degraded. Thus, shifting towards healthy and sustainable diets may be more difficult for these populations than for more advantaged ones. This project is divided in two main campaigns where we collect data through surveys and food supplies booklets in two periods. A field experiment is conducted in two social grocery stores between these periods. Basically, it corresponds to a Difference-in-Difference analysis of Randomized Control Trials to look whether or not some tools from economics can work to improve diets. The analysis is done by researchers of INRAE. The first campaign took place between November 2021 and March 2022. A total number of 153 subjects (93 from one SGS and 60 from the other) were recruited. Though, only 114 finished the experiment. Therefore, we had an attrition rate of 25%. The aim of this campaign was to collect data on the effectiveness of nudges. These nudges were implemented during the experiment to guide people towards healthier and more sustainable diets by raising their awareness through information and giving them more empowerment when it comes to food. The second campaign is focused on the effect of nudges accompanied by a monetary incentive: food vouchers. It will take place from November 2022 to March 2023. The aim of this campaign is to collect data on the effectiveness of nudges enforced by a monetary incentive. During the second campaign we will also conduct the experiment with people helped by the Community Centre for Social Action (CCSA) of the city of Dijon. The difference with this new population is that they only face the monetary incentive and not nudges, but also that their income is a little bit higher than the one of the SGS’s population.

Published
2022
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25. The economic, environmental and social performance of European certified food

Author

Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Agroalimentària i Biotecnologia, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. CREDA-UPC-IRTA - Centre de Recerca en Economia i Desenvolupament Agroalimentari UPC-IRTA, Bellassen, Valentin, Bodini, Antonio, Drut, Marion, Hilal, Mohammed, Viet, Hoang Nguyen, Donati, Michele, Duboys de Labarre, Matthieu, Gauvrit, Lisa, Torok, A, Arfini, Filippo, Gil Roig, José María, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Agroalimentària i Biotecnologia, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. CREDA-UPC-IRTA - Centre de Recerca en Economia i Desenvolupament Agroalimentari UPC-IRTA, Bellassen, Valentin, Bodini, Antonio, Drut, Marion, Hilal, Mohammed, Viet, Hoang Nguyen, Donati, Michele, Duboys de Labarre, Matthieu, Gauvrit, Lisa, Torok, A, Arfini, Filippo, and Gil Roig, José María

Abstract

To identify whether EU certified food – here organic and geographical indications – is more sustainable than a conventional reference, we developed indicators covering the three sustainability pillars. Original data was collected on 52 products at farm, processing and retail levels, allowing the estimation of circa 2,000 indicator values. Most strikingly, we show that, in our sample, certified food outperforms its non-certified reference on most economic and social indicators. On major environmental indicators – carbon and water footprint – their performance is similar., Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::12 - Producció i Consum Responsables, Postprint (updated version)

Published
2022

26. Converging Climate Sensitivities of European Forests Between Observed Radial Tree Growth and Vegetation Models

Author

Zhang, Zhen, Babst, Flurin, Bellassen, Valentin, Frank, David, Launois, Thomas, Tan, Kun, Ciais, Philippe, and Poulter, Benjamin

Subjects
Meteorology And Climatology, Earth Resources And Remote Sensing
Abstract

The impacts of climate variability and trends on European forests are unevenly distributed across different bioclimatic zones and species. Extreme climate events are also becoming more frequent and it is unknown how they will affect feed backs of CO2 between forest ecosystems and the atmosphere. An improved understanding of species differences at the regional scale of the response of forest productivity to climate variation and extremes is thus important for forecasting forest dynamics. In this study, we evaluate the climate sensitivity of above ground net primary production (NPP) simulated by two dynamic global vegetation models (DGVM; ORCHIDEE and LPJ-wsl) against tree ring width (TRW) observations from about1000 sites distributed across Europe. In both the model simulations and the TRW observations, forests in northern Europe and the Alps respond positively to warmer spring and summer temperature, and their overall temperature sensitivity is larger than that of the soil-moisture-limited forests in central Europe and Mediterranean regions. Compared with TRW observations, simulated NPP from ORCHIDEE and LPJ-wsl appear to be overly sensitive to climatic factors. Our results indicate that the models lack biological processes that control time lags, such as carbohydrate storage and remobilization, that delay the effects of radial growth dynamics to climate. Our study highlights the need for re-evaluating the physiological controls on the climate sensitivity of NPP simulated by DGVMs. In particular, DGVMs could be further enhanced by a more detailed representation of carbon reserves and allocation that control year-to year variation in plant growth.

Published
2017
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27. Sustainability Performance of Certified and Non-certified Food

Author

Bellassen, Valentin, Arfini, Filippo, Antonioli, Federico, Bodini, Antonio, Boehm, Michael, Brečić, Ružica, Chiussi, Sara, Csillag, Peter, Donati, Michele, Dries, Liesbeth, Drut, Marion, Duboys de Labarre, Matthieu, Ferrer, Hugo, Filipović, Jelena, Gauvrit, Lisa, Gil, José, Gorton, Matthew, Hoàng, Viet, Hilal, Mohamed, Steinnes, Kamilla Knutsen, Lilavanichakul, Apichaya, Malak-Rawlikowska, Agata, Majewski, Edward, Monier-Dilhan, Sylvette, Muller, Paul, Napasintuwong, Orachos, Nikolaou, Kalliroi, Nguyen, Mai, Quỳnh, An Nguyễn, Papadopoulos, Ioannis, Peerlings, Jack, Török, Aron, Poméon, Thomas, Ristic, Bojan, Schaer, Burkhard, Stojanovic, Zaklina, Tocco, Barbara, Maksan, Marina Tomic, Veneziani, Mario, Vitterso, Gunnar, Centre d'Economie et de Sociologie Rurales Appliquées à l'Agriculture et aux Espaces Ruraux (CESAER), AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Parma = Università degli studi di Parma [Parme, Italie], ECOZEPT, Montpellier, France, Faculty of Economics [Zagreb], University of Zagreb, Corvinus University of Budapest, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Centre for Agro-Food Economy & Development, UPC-IRTA, Castelldefels, Spain (CREDA), Université polytechnique de Catalogne (UPC), University of Belgrade [Belgrade], Newcastle University [Newcastle], School of Economics, University of Economics Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam, Oslo Metropolitan University (OsloMet), Kasetsart University (KU), Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Observatoire des Programmes Communautaires de Développement Rural (US ODR), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée (BETA), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Aristotle University of Thessaloniki

Subjects
Protected geographical indication, Organic farming, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, Protected designation of origin, Certified food, Social performance, Sustainability performance, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Economic performance, Environmental performance
Abstract

International audience; The dataset Sustainability performance of certified and non-certified food (https://www.doi.org/10.15454/OP51SJ) contains 25 indicators of economic, environmental, sustainability performance and social performance, estimated for 27 certified food value chains and their 27 conventional reference products. The indicators are estimated at different levelsof the value chain: farm level, processing level, and retail level. It also contains the raw data based on which the indicators are estimated, its source, and the completed spreadsheet calculators for the following indicators: carbon footprint and food miles. This article describes the common method and indicators used to collect data for the twenty-seven certified products and their conventional counterparts. It presents the assumptions and choices, the process of data collection, and the indicator estimation methods designed to assess the three sustainability dimensions within a reasonable time constraint. That is: three person-months for each food quality scheme and its noncertified reference product. Several prioritisations were set regarding data collection (indicator, variable, value chain level) together with a level of representativeness specific to each variable and product type (country and sector). Technical details on how relatively common variables (e.g., number of animals per hectare) are combined into indicators (e.g., carbon footprint) are provided in the full documentation of the dataset.This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC BY 4.0 license.

Published
2021

28. Sustainability Performance of Certified and Non-certified Food

Author

Bellassen, Valentin, primary, Arfini, Filippo, additional, Antonioli, Federico, additional, Bodini, Antonio, additional, Boehm, Michael, additional, Brečić, Ružica, additional, Chiussi, Sara, additional, Csillag, Peter, additional, Donati, Michele, additional, Dries, Liesbeth, additional, Drut, Marion, additional, de Labarre, Matthieu Duboys, additional, Ferrer, Hugo, additional, Filipović, Jelena, additional, Gauvrit, Lisa, additional, Gil, José M., additional, Gorton, Matthew, additional, Hoàng, Viet, additional, Hilal, Mohamed, additional, Steinnes, Kamilla Knutsen, additional, Lilavanichakul, Apichaya, additional, Malak-Rawlikowska, Agata, additional, Majewski, Edward, additional, Monier-Dilhan, Sylvette, additional, Muller, Paul, additional, Napasintuwong, Orachos, additional, Nikolaou, Kalliroi, additional, Nguyen, Mai, additional, Quỳnh, An Nguyễn, additional, Papadopoulos, Ioannis, additional, Peerlings, Jack, additional, Török, Aron, additional, Poméon, Thomas, additional, Ristic, Bojan, additional, Schaer, Burkhard, additional, Stojanovic, Zaklina, additional, Tocco, Barbara, additional, Maksan, Marina Tomic, additional, Veneziani, Mario, additional, and Vitterso, Gunnar, additional

Published
2021
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29. Farm, farm-group and territorial level impact of policies on the adoption of ecological approaches and the performance and sustainability of ecological agriculture

Author

Vedrine, Lionel, Legras, Sophie, Larmet, Vincent, Saint Cyr, Legrand, Bellassen, Valentin, Barnes, Andrew, Diop, Thierno Bocar, Blancard, St��phane, Jeanneaux, Philippe, Le Gallo, Julie, Marchand, Sebastien, Van Ruymbeke, Kato, and Zawalinska, Katarzyna

Abstract

This deliverable presents the results of the research carried out in WP6 task 6.2 of the LIFT project, on the impact of policies on the adoption of ecological approaches and on the performance and sustainability of ecological agriculture. We first provide a short synthesis of the policy implications of the studies carried out in WP2, WP3 and WP4 of the LIFT project. These studies highlight some drawbacks of currently implemented schemes, such as the current Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) first and second pillar subsidies that may not be adequate for extensive technologies. In addition, these studies advocate policy compensation schemes that take into consideration the income forgone, given the regional potential, both in terms of agricultural production and environmental endowments. We then focus on the effect of Payments for Environmental Services (PES) using meta-analysis and quasi-experimental methods for about 150 PES-schemes implemented worldwide. We find that the effect of PES largely depends on their characteristics. Among others, eligibility of Ecosystem Services (ES) providers, contract length, reference design, payment constraint, monitoring system and the implementation zone of the PES schemes appear to be correlated with the probability of achieving positive environmental results. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of the PES-schemes investigated in this meta-analysis is shown to especially depend on the monitoring system implemented to ensure compliance and on the eligibility of ES providers. Using econometric analysis on French farm data, we also find that farmers’ incomes are not affected by their ecological practices, once the extra cost of these practices has been covered by the Agri-Environmental Schemes (AES) payment or promote some efficiency gains. The real cost of the transition is therefore on average well compensated by these payments. It does not imply that farms earn extra profit, and thus appears to respect World Trade Organisation (WTO) rules.

Published
2021
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32. Storing carbon in French agricultural soils: potential and cost of additionnal storage

Author

Bamiere, Laure, Pellerin, Sylvain, Bellassen, Valentin, Constantin, Julie, Cardinael, Rémi, Ceschia, Eric, Delame, Nathalie, Graux, Anne-Isabelle, Houot, Sabine, Klumpp, Katja, Launay, Camille, Letort, Elodie, Martin, Raphael, Meziere, Delphine, Mosnier, Claire, Roger-Estrade, Jean, Réchauchère, Olivier, Schiavo, Michele, and Thérond, Olivier

Abstract

Following the Paris agreement (COP21), France set a carbon neutrality objective by 2050. Given its contribution to national GHG emissions (20%), the French agricultural sector is expected to play its part in achieving this ambitious target. It can act on three levers: N2O and CH4 emissions reduction, renewable energy production, and carbon storage in biomass and soil, the latter being less studied. The recent controversy on the 4 per 1000 initiative has also emphasized the need for a quantitative assessment of the potential for and cost of additional C storage in agricultural soils at the national level. Eight carbon storing practices were identified based on a literature review: expansion of cover crops; mobilization of new C inputs (not already spread on agricultural soils under current management practices); expansion of temporary grasslands (instead of silage maize); agroforestry; hedges; moderate intensification of extensive grasslands (+50kgN/ha); animal grazing instead of mowing and grass cover of vineyard. We assessed and mapped their potential for additional carbon storage in soils at a very fine spatial scale (1 km2), using a crop model (STICS) and a grassland model (PASIM). The additional C storage was calculated as the difference between the simulated soil C stock under i) the C storing practices and ii) the current management practices (i.e. the baseline), after a 30 years period. Using public statistics, we then assessed for each C storing practice: its potential applicability, its implementation cost, and its efficiency at the regional level. Using an economic model (BANCO), we finally compute the cost-effective allocation of the additional carbon storage effort, i.e. the uptake level of each storing practice in each region that minimizes the total cost of achieving a given total additional C storage target in mainland France. By varying this national storage target, we are able to depict a marginal carbon storage cost curve. Our results show a potential for additional C storage of about 8.43 Mt C/year for a total cost of 2.3 bn€/yr, which would compensate 6.8% of national GHG emissions and 41% of the agricultural sector emissions. This potential is mainly found in arable soils, where initial soil C stocks are low. Moreover, 96% of this potential can be achieved at a lower cost than 250€/tCO2e (the 2030 target carbon price in France) and for a total cost of 1.6 bn€/yr, which corresponds to only 18% of the current French budget for the Common Agricultural Policy. Reaching high soil C storage targets implies the full implementation of cover crops and agroforestry, together with the expansion of temporary grasslands in crop rotations. The costs and potential for additional C storage vary both between practices and across regions. This is why there is no “one-size-fits- all” solution, rather a combination of good practices at the right place. Our results thus provide useful information for the design of efficient climate change mitigation policies. Besides highlighting the potential for additional C storage in arable soils, where initial stocks are low, our study also underlines the need to maintain soil C stocks where they are high, i.e. in grasslands and forest soils.

Published
2021

33. Stocker du carbone dans les sols français. Quel potentiel au regard de l'objectif 4 pour 1000 et à quel coût ?

Author

Pellerin, Sylvain (ed.), Bamiere, Laure (ed.), Launay, Camille, Martin, Raphael, Schiavo, Michele, Angers, Denis, Augusto, Laurent, Balesdent, Jérôme, Basile-Doelsch, Isabelle, Bellassen, Valentin, Cardinael, Rémi, Cécillon, Lauric, Ceschia, Eric, Chenu, Claire, Constantin, Julie, Darroussin, Joël, Delacote, Philippe, Delame, Nathalie, Gastal, François, Gilbert, Daniel, Graux, Anne-Isabelle, Guenet, Bertrand, Houot, Sabine, Klumpp, Katja, Letort, Elodie, Litrico, Isabelle, Martin, Manuel, Menasseri, Safya, Meziere, Delphine, Morvan, Thierry, Mosnier, Claire, Roger-Estrade, Jean, Saint-André, Laurent, Sierra, Jorge, Thérond, Olivier, Viaud, Valérie, Grateau, Régis, Le Perchec, Sophie, Savini, Isabelle, and Réchauchère, Olivier

Subjects
P33 - Chimie et physique du sol, séquestration du carbone, pratique agricole, P40 - Météorologie et climatologie, F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture, réduction des émissions, Agroforesterie
Abstract

L'initiative "4 pour mille : les sols pour la sécurité alimentaire et le climat" propose d'augmenter chaque année d'un quatre millième le stock de carbone présent dans tous les sols du monde. À la demande de l'Ademe et du ministère de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation, l'Inra (devenu aujourd'hui INRAE) a conduit une étude, centrée sur la France métropolitaine, visant à estimer le potentiel de stockage de carbone des sols agricoles et forestiers et, in fine, à mesurer la contribution potentielle de ce levier à l'objectif de réduction des émissions nettes de gaz à effet de serre. Diverses pratiques candidates (cultures intermédiaires, apport de nouvelles ressources organiques, gestion des prairies, agroforesterie…) ont été évaluées. Les résultats obtenus ont montré une forte variabilité du stockage additionnel de carbone. L'étude a également permis d'estimer le coût supplémentaire, pour les agriculteurs, de mise en oeuvre de ces pratiques de stockage, puis une allocation de l'effort de stockage entre les pratiques et les régions a été effectuée. Ces données permettront aux différents acteurs concernés de faire les meilleurs choix pour stocker davantage de carbone dans les sols. Cet ouvrage s'adresse aux décideurs chargés de l'élaboration des politiques publiques climatiques dans le domaine agricole, aux responsables territoriaux, aux aménageurs, aux ingénieurs et techniciens, aux agriculteurs et à l'ensemble des citoyens intéressés par la problématique de l'agriculture et du changement climatique.

Published
2021

34. A new approach to optimal discretization of plant functional types in a process-based ecosystem model with forest management : a case study for temperate conifers

Author

Peaucelle, Marc, Bellassen, Valentin, Ciais, Philippe, Peñuelas, Josep, Viovy, Nicolas, Centre d'Economie et de Sociologie Rurales Appliquées à l'Agriculture et aux Espaces Ruraux (CESAER), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X), Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CEAB-CSIC, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona [Barcelona] (UAB), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Modélisation des Surfaces et Interfaces Continentales (MOSAIC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Conifers, Forest management, forest management, PFT classification, functional traits, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Hierarchical classification, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Functional traits, hierarchical classification
Abstract

International audience; Aim Dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) use a discretization of forest vegetation based on plant functional types (PFTs). The physiological and ecological parameters used to model a given PFT are usually fixed, being defined from point-based observations, while model applications are often grid-based. This rigid approach causes spatial biases in the results of DGVMsimulated productivity and biomass-related variables. We aim to overcome this limitation with a new approach that uses a hierarchical classification of forest PFT parameters from traits retrieved from the literature and from the TRY global database of plant traits. This approach is applied to temperate conifers in the Orchidee-FM DGVM, which has previously been shown to produce systematic biases in the simulation of biomass and biomass increments. Location Temperate coniferous forests in France. Methods The five major coniferous species in France, Abies alba, Picea abies, Pinus pinaster, Pinus sylvestris and Pseudotsuga menziesii, were grouped objectively into PFTs within the Orchidee-FM DGVM using a hierarchical classification based on 12 key attributes related to photosynthesis, phenology and allometric relationships. Results We show that the single PFT covering all temperate coniferous forests used by default in Orchidee-FM could be replaced by two representative subcategories defined by grouping species-level data without necessarily having to adopt a set of parameters for each species. The definition of new temperate conifer PFTs with this approach allows us to reduce the spatial heterogeneity by 40% on average in model–Measurement misfit for stand volume, growth and stand density at the regional scale. Main conclusions The proposed approach to improve the representation of PFTs in DGVMs, while keeping the number of different PFTs manageable, is promising for application to regions where a single PFT can correspond to a number of different species.

Published
2021

35. Stocker du carbone dans les sols français, Quel potentiel et à quel coût ?

Author

Pellerin, Sylvain, Bamière, Laure, Savini, Isabelle, Rechauchère, Olivier, Launay, Camille, Martin, Raphaël, Schiavo, Michele, Angers, Denis, Augusto, Laurent, Balesdent, Jérôme, BASILE-DOELSCH, Isabelle, Bellassen, Valentin, Cardinael, Rémi, Cécillon, Lauric, Ceschia, Eric, Chenu, Claire, Constantin, Julie, Daroussin, Joël, Delacote, Philippe, Delame, Nathalie, Gastal, Francois, Gilbert, Daniel, Graux, Anne-Isabelle, Guenet, Bertrand, Houot, Sabine, Klumpp, Katja, LETORT, Elodie, Litrico, Isabelle, Martin, Manuel, Menasseri-Aubry, Safya, Meziere, Delphine, Morvan, Thierry, Mosnier, Claire, ROGER-ESTRADE, Jean, Saint-André, Laurent, Sierra, Jorge, Therond, Olivier, Viaud, Valérie, Grateau, Regis, Le Perchec, Sophie, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Economie Publique (ECO-PUB), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Direction de l'Expertise scientifique collective, de la Prospective et des Etudes, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre d'Economie et de Sociologie Rurales Appliquées à l'Agriculture et aux Espaces Ruraux (CESAER), AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Agroécologie et Intensification Durables des cultures annuelles (UPR AIDA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Ecosystèmes forestiers (UR EFNO), Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Unité de Science du Sol (Orléans) (URSols), Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée (BETA), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires (SMART-LERECO), InfoSol (InfoSol), Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), Agrosystèmes Biodiversifiés (UMR ABSys), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Agronomie, Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (BEF), Agrosystèmes tropicaux (ASTRO), Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement - Antenne Colmar (LAE-Colmar ), Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement (LAE), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Direction pour la Science Ouverte (DipSO), Commanditaire : Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie (France), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)

Subjects
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
Abstract

International audience; L’initiative « 4 pour 1 000 : les sols pour la sécurité alimentaire et le climat » propose d’augmenter chaque année d’un quatre millième le stock de carbone présent dans tous les sols du monde. À la demande de l’Ademe et du ministère de l’Agriculture et de l’Alimentation, l’Inra (devenu aujourd’hui INRAE) a conduit une étude, centrée sur la France métropolitaine, visant à estimer le potentiel de stockage de carbone des sols agricoles et forestiers et, in fine, à mesurer la contribution potentielle de ce levier à l’objectif de réduction des émissions nettes de gaz à effet de serre. Diverses pratiques candidates (cultures intermédiaires, apport de nouvelles ressources organiques, gestion des prairies, agroforesterie…) ont été évaluées. Les résultats obtenus ont montré une forte variabilité du stockage additionnel de carbone. L’étude a également permis d’estimer le coût supplémentaire, pour les agriculteurs, de mise en œuvre de ces pratiques de stockage, puis une allocation de l’effort de stockage entre les pratiques et les régions a été effectuée. Ces données permettront aux différents acteurs concernés de faire les meilleurs choix pour stocker davantage de carbone dans les sols. Cet ouvrage s’adresse aux décideurs chargés de l’élaboration des politiques publiques climatiques dans le domaine agricole, aux responsables territoriaux, aux aménageurs, aux ingénieurs et techniciens, aux agriculteurs et à l’ensemble des citoyens intéressés par la problématique de l’agriculture et du changement climatique.

Published
2021

36. Carbon footprint and economic performance of dairy farms: the case of protected designation of origin dairy farms in France

Author

Lambotte, Mathieu, De Cara, Stéphane, Brocas, Catherine, Bellassen, Valentin, Centre d'Economie et de Sociologie Rurales Appliquées à l'Agriculture et aux Espaces Ruraux (CESAER), AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Economie Publique (ECO-PUB), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de l'élevage (IDELE), and ANR-17-CE21-0003,DIETPLUS,Effets des changements de régimes alimentaires sur l'équilibre des marchés, le partage de la valeur dans les filières, la santé publique, l'environnement et l'usage des sols.(2017)

Subjects
Protected Designation of Origin, greenhouse gas emissions, Appelation d'origine, gross margin, dairy farms, AOC, Marge brute, [SDV.SA.AEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agriculture, economy and politics, Emissions de gaz à effet de serre, Exploitation laitière, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society
Abstract

International audience; This paper assesses the drivers of greenhouse gas emissions and economic performances for a sample of dairy farms Protected Designation of Origin dairy farms in France. Investigating caeteris paribus drivers of performance, we conclude that synergies are rare. Investing in farming equipment, optimizing fuel use or suppressing manure composting can however improve environmental performance by 5 to 13% without impairing profits. In parallel, increasing labor productivity and reducing the share of protein in the diet enhances the economic performance by 7 to 21% without increasing GHG emissions. On the debated merit of intensiveness, our analysis leans towards a negative influence of concentrates, especially protein-rich ones such as soybean cakes, both on economic and environmental performances. This result, consistent with previous studies on extensive systems, could be conditioned by a good know-how and management of grass.; Ce document évalue les moteurs des émissions de gaz à effet de serre et les performances économiques d'un échantillon de fermes laitières à appellation d'origine protégée en France. En étudiant les moteurs de performance caeteris paribus, nous concluons que les synergies sont rares. L'investissement dans le matériel agricole, l'optimisation de l'utilisation des combustibles ou la suppression du compostage du fumier peuvent cependant améliorer les performances environnementales de 5 à 13 % sans nuire aux bénéfices. Parallèlement, l'augmentation de la productivité du travail et la réduction de la part des protéines dans l'alimentation améliorent les performances économiques de 7 à 21 % sans augmenter les émissions de gaz à effet de serre. Sur le mérite débattu de l'intensification, notre analyse penche vers une influence négative des concentrés, notamment ceux riches en protéines comme les tourteaux de soja, à la fois sur les performances économiques et environnementales. Ce résultat, cohérent avec les études précédentes sur les systèmes extensifs, pourrait être conditionné par un bon savoir-faire et une bonne gestion de l'herbe.

Published
2021

37. Sustainability performance of certified and non-certified food social and economic history

Author

Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Agroalimentària i Biotecnologia, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. CREDA - Centre de Recerca en Economia i Desenvolupament Agroalimentari, Bellassen, Valentin, Arfini, Filippo, Antonioli, Federico, Boehm, Michael, Brecic, Ružica, Peter, Csillag, Donati, Michele, Drut, Marion, Duboys de Labarre, Matthieu, Ferrer, Hugo, Gauvrit, Lisa, Gil Roig, José María, Viet, Hoang Nguyen, Hilal, Mohammed, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Agroalimentària i Biotecnologia, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. CREDA - Centre de Recerca en Economia i Desenvolupament Agroalimentari, Bellassen, Valentin, Arfini, Filippo, Antonioli, Federico, Boehm, Michael, Brecic, Ružica, Peter, Csillag, Donati, Michele, Drut, Marion, Duboys de Labarre, Matthieu, Ferrer, Hugo, Gauvrit, Lisa, Gil Roig, José María, Viet, Hoang Nguyen, and Hilal, Mohammed

Abstract

Related data set “Sustainability performance of certified and non-certified food” with doi www.doi.org/10.15454/OP51SJ in repository “Data inrae”, The dataset Sustainability performance of certified and non-certified food (https://www.doi.org/10.15454/OP51SJ) contains 25 indicators of economic, environmental, and social performance, estimated for 27 certified food value chains and their 27 conventional reference products. The indicators are estimated at different levels of the value chain: farm level, processing level, and retail level. It also contains the raw data based on which the indicators are estimated, its source, and the completed spreadsheet calculators for the following indicators: carbon footprint and food miles., Article signat per 14 autors/es Valentin Bellassen, Filippo Arfini, Federico Antonioli, Antonio Bodini, Michael Boehm, Ružica Brečić, Sara Chiussi, Peter Csillag, Michele Donati, Liesbeth Dries, Marion Drut, Matthieu Duboys de Labarre, Hugo Ferrer, Jelena Filipović, Lisa Gauvrit, José M. Gil, Matthew Gorton, Viet Hoàng, Mohamed Hilal, Kamilla Knutsen Steinnes, Apichaya Lilavanichakul, Agata Malak-Rawlikowska, Edward Majewski, Sylvette Monier-Dilhan, Paul Muller, Orachos Napasintuwong, Kalliroi Nikolaou, Mai Nguyen, An Nguyễn Quỳnh, Ioannis Papadopoulos, Jack Peerlings, Aron Török, Thomas Poméon, Bojan Ristic, Burkhard Schaer, Zaklina Stojanovic, Barbara Tocco, Marina Tomic Maksan, Mario Veneziani, and Gunnar Vitterso, Postprint (published version)

Published
2021

38. Do food quality schemes and net price premiums go together?

Author

Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Agroalimentària i Biotecnologia, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. CREDA - Centre de Recerca en Economia i Desenvolupament Agroalimentari, Donati, Michele, Gauvrit, Lisa, Torok, A, Gil Roig, José María, Peter, Csillag, Ferrer Pérez, Hugo, Viet, Hoang Nguyen, Bellassen, Valentin, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Agroalimentària i Biotecnologia, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. CREDA - Centre de Recerca en Economia i Desenvolupament Agroalimentari, Donati, Michele, Gauvrit, Lisa, Torok, A, Gil Roig, José María, Peter, Csillag, Ferrer Pérez, Hugo, Viet, Hoang Nguyen, and Bellassen, Valentin

Abstract

This article addresses the issue of the profitability of Food Quality Scheme (FQS) products as compared to reference products, which are defined as analogous products without quality label. We approach this question by taking into account the level of the value chain (upstream, processing, and downstream), the sector (vegetal, animal, seafood) and the type of FQS (PGI, PDO, Organic). We collected original data for several products produced in selected European countries, as well as in Thailand and Vietnam. Comparisons depending on value chain level, sector and FQS are possible by using two comparable indicators: price premium and net price premium (including cost differential). The following principal conclusions were reached: 1) Price is higher for FQS products than for the reference products, regardless of the production level, the type of FQS or the sector; 2) Price premiums generated by FQS do not differ along the value chain, nor between sectors (vegetal, animal or seafood/fish); 3) Price premium for organic products is significantly higher than for PGI products, and this conclusion holds at upstream and processing levels, taking into account the costs directly related to production; 4) All organic products and almost all PDO and PGI products analysed benefit from a positive quality rent; 5) At upstream level and processing level, the relative weight of intermediate consumption in the cost structure is lower for organic products than for reference products., Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::12 - Producció i Consum Responsables, Postprint (published version)

Published
2021

39. Sustainability Performance of Certified and Non-certified Food : Social and Economic History

Author

Bellassen, Valentin, Arfini, Filippo, Antonioli, Federico, Bodini, Antonio, Boehm, Michael, Brečić, Ružica, Chiussi, Sara, Csillag, Peter, Donati, Michele, Dries, Liesbeth, Drut, Marion, De Labarre, Matthieu Duboys, Ferrer, Hugo, Filipović, Jelena, Gauvrit, Lisa, Gil, José M., Gorton, Matthew, Hoàng, Viet, Hilal, Mohamed, Steinnes, Kamilla Knutsen, Lilavanichakul, Apichaya, Malak-Rawlikowska, Agata, Majewski, Edward, Monier-Dilhan, Sylvette, Muller, Paul, Napasintuwong, Orachos, Nikolaou, Kalliroi, Nguyen, Mai, Quynh, An Nguyen, Papadopoulos, Ioannis, Peerlings, Jack, Török, Aron, Poméon, Thomas, Ristic, Bojan, Schaer, Burkhard, Stojanovic, Zaklina, Tocco, Barbara, Maksan, Marina Tomic, Veneziani, Mario, Vitterso, Gunnar, Bellassen, Valentin, Arfini, Filippo, Antonioli, Federico, Bodini, Antonio, Boehm, Michael, Brečić, Ružica, Chiussi, Sara, Csillag, Peter, Donati, Michele, Dries, Liesbeth, Drut, Marion, De Labarre, Matthieu Duboys, Ferrer, Hugo, Filipović, Jelena, Gauvrit, Lisa, Gil, José M., Gorton, Matthew, Hoàng, Viet, Hilal, Mohamed, Steinnes, Kamilla Knutsen, Lilavanichakul, Apichaya, Malak-Rawlikowska, Agata, Majewski, Edward, Monier-Dilhan, Sylvette, Muller, Paul, Napasintuwong, Orachos, Nikolaou, Kalliroi, Nguyen, Mai, Quynh, An Nguyen, Papadopoulos, Ioannis, Peerlings, Jack, Török, Aron, Poméon, Thomas, Ristic, Bojan, Schaer, Burkhard, Stojanovic, Zaklina, Tocco, Barbara, Maksan, Marina Tomic, Veneziani, Mario, and Vitterso, Gunnar

Abstract

The dataset Sustainability performance of certified and non-certified food (https:// www.doi.org/10.15454/OP51SJ) contains 25 indicators of economic, environmental, and social performance, estimated for 27 certified food value chains and their 27 conventional reference products. The indicators are estimated at different levels of the value chain: farm level, processing level, and retail level. It also contains the raw data based on which the indicators are estimated, its source, and the completed spreadsheet calculators for the following indicators: carbon footprint and food miles. This article describes the common method and indicators used to collect data for the twenty-seven certified products and their conventional counterparts. It presents the assumptions and choices, the process of data collection, and the indicator estimation methods designed to assess the three sustainability dimensions within a reasonable time constraint. That is: three person-months for each food quality scheme and its noncertified reference product. Several prioritisations were set regarding data collection (indicator, variable, value chain level) together with a level of representativeness specific to each variable and product type (country and sector). Technical details on how relatively common variables (e.g., number of animals per hectare) are combined into indicators (e.g., carbon footprint) are provided in the full documentation of the dataset.

Published
2021

40. Are certified supply chains more socially sustainable? A bargaining power analysis

Author

Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Agroalimentària i Biotecnologia, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. CREDA - Centre de Recerca en Economia i Desenvolupament Agroalimentari, Donati, Michele, Drut, Marion, Gauvrit, Lisa, Gil Roig, José María, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Viet, Hoang Nguyen, Ferrer Pérez, Hugo, Papadopoulus, Ioannis, Bellassen, Valentin, Veneziani, Mario, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Agroalimentària i Biotecnologia, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. CREDA - Centre de Recerca en Economia i Desenvolupament Agroalimentari, Donati, Michele, Drut, Marion, Gauvrit, Lisa, Gil Roig, José María, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Viet, Hoang Nguyen, Ferrer Pérez, Hugo, Papadopoulus, Ioannis, Bellassen, Valentin, and Veneziani, Mario

Abstract

Food quality schemes (FQS: organic and geographical indication products) are often supposed to be more sustainable by their political advocates. We explore the social sustainability advantage of FQS through the lens of supply chains’ bargaining power (BP) distribution. We propose an indicator synthesizing different sources underlying BP (competition-based, transactional, institutional) and counting two dimensions (fair BP distribution and adaptation capacity), that we apply to 18 FQS supply chains and corresponding reference. FQS perform better than their reference products on both dimensions. This better performance is due to a combination of sources., Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::12 - Producció i Consum Responsables, Postprint (published version)

Published
2021

41. Foodmiles: The Logistics of Food Chains Applied to Food Quality Schemes

Author

Drut, Marion, Antonioli, Federico, Böhm, Michael, Brečić, Ruzica, Dries, Liesbeth, Ferrer-López, Hugo, Gauvrit, Lisa, Hoàng, Viá T., Steinnes, Kamilla Knutsen, Lilavanichakul, Apichaya, Majewski, Edward, Napasintuwong, Orachos, Nguyá, An, Mattas, Konstadinos, Ristic, Bojan, Schaer, Burkhard, Tangeland, Torvald, Maksan, Marina Tomić, Csillag, Peter, Török, Áron, Tsakiridou, Efthimia, Veneziani, Mario, Vittersø, Gunnar, Bellassen, Valentin, Drut, Marion, Antonioli, Federico, Böhm, Michael, Brečić, Ruzica, Dries, Liesbeth, Ferrer-López, Hugo, Gauvrit, Lisa, Hoàng, Viá T., Steinnes, Kamilla Knutsen, Lilavanichakul, Apichaya, Majewski, Edward, Napasintuwong, Orachos, Nguyá, An, Mattas, Konstadinos, Ristic, Bojan, Schaer, Burkhard, Tangeland, Torvald, Maksan, Marina Tomić, Csillag, Peter, Török, Áron, Tsakiridou, Efthimia, Veneziani, Mario, Vittersø, Gunnar, and Bellassen, Valentin

Abstract

This paper estimates the foodmiles (embedded distances) and transport-related carbon emissions of 27 Food Quality Scheme (FQS) products-Protected Designation of Origin (PDO), Protected Geographical Indications (PGI) and organic- A nd their reference products. It goes further than the existing literature by adopting a value chain perspective, instead of the traditional consumer perspective, and focusing on FQS products. The same methodology is applied across all the case studies. The article specifically investigates the determinants of differences between FQS and their references. FQS products travel significantly shorter distances (-30%) and generate significantly lower transport-related emissions (-23%) than conventional food products. The differences are even greater for vegetal and organic products. The relationship between distance and transport-related emissions is not exactly proportional and highlights the importance of transport modes and logistics, in particular for exports and imports. Finally, we stress the importance of the spatial distribution of the different stages in the value chains (e.g. production, processing). PDO technical specifications delimit a geographical area for production and processing, thereby limiting distances and transport-related emissions compared to conventional food products, but also compared to other types of FQS.

Published
2021

43. Stocker du carbone dans les sols français. Quel potentiel au regard de l’objectif 4 pour 1000 et à quel coût ?: Rapport scientifique de l'étude. Étude réalisée pour l'ADEME et le Ministère de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation

Author

Pellerin, Sylvain, Bamière, Laure, Launay, Camille, Martin, Raphaël, Schiavo, Michele, Angers, Denis, Augusto, Laurent, Balesdent, Jérôme, Basile-Doelsch, Isabelle, Bellassen, Valentin, Cardinael, Rémi, Cécillon, Lauric, Ceschia, Eric, Chenu, Claire, Constantin, Julie, Daroussin, Joël, Delacote, Philippe, Delame, Nathalie, Gastal, Francois, Gilbert, Daniel, Graux, Anne-Isabelle, Guenet, Bertrand, Houot, Sabine, Klumpp, Katja, Letort, Elodie, Litrico, Isabelle, Martin, Manuel, Menasseri-Aubry, Safya, Meziere, Delphine, Morvan, Thierry, Mosnier, Claire, Roger-Estrade, Jean, Saint-André, Laurent, Sierra, Jorge, Therond, Olivier, Viaud, Valérie, Grateau, Regis, Le Perchec, Sophie, Savini, Isabelle, Rechauchère, Olivier, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Economie Publique (ECO-PUB), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité Animalerie Rongeurs (UAR), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada (AAC), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre d'Economie et de Sociologie Rurales Appliquées à l'Agriculture et aux Espaces Ruraux (CESAER), AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Agroécologie et Intensification Durables des cultures annuelles (UPR AIDA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Étude et compréhension de la biodiversité (ECODIV), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Unité de Science du Sol (Orléans) (URSols), Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée (BETA), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires (SMART-LERECO), InfoSol (InfoSol), Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), Fonctionnement et conduite des systèmes de culture tropicaux et méditerranéens (UMR SYSTEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Agronomie, Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (BEF), Agrosystèmes tropicaux (ASTRO), Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement - Antenne Colmar (LAE-Colmar ), Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement (LAE), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Direction pour la Science Ouverte (DipSO), Direction de l'Expertise scientifique collective, de la Prospective et des Etudes, INRA, Commanditaire : Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie (France), and Type de commanditaire ou d'auteur de la saisine : Ministères, parlements et les structures qui leur sont directement rattachées

Subjects
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
Abstract

L’initiative « 4 ‰ sur les sols pour la sécurité alimentaire et le climat », lancée par la France à l’occasion de la Conférence de Paris sur le climat (COP-21), propose d’augmenter chaque année d’un quatre millième le stock de carbone présent dans tous les sols du monde afin de compenser les émissions anthropiques de CO2. Cet objectif, très ambitieux, nécessite des évolutions profondes des pratiques agricoles et des modes de gestion sylvicoles, certaines pouvant s’accompagner de modifications de systèmes de production et, éventuellement, des modes d’usage des sols. C'est dans ce contexte que le Ministère de l’Agriculture et de l’Alimentation (MAA) et l’Agence De l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie (ADEME) ont demandé à l'INRA de conduire la présente étude "4 pour mille France". Les objectifs étaient : i) d’identifier des pratiques agricoles et sylvicoles plus "stockantes" que les pratiques actuellement mises en œuvre ; ii) de chiffrer le potentiel de stockage additionnel associé, de le cartographier, de quantifier les autres effets induits liés à l’adoption de ces pratiques stockantes (pertes ou gains de rendement, émissions de N2O, lixiviation de nitrate, utilisation de produits phytosanitaires...) ; iii) de chiffrer leur coût de mise en œuvre et de proposer une stratégie coût-efficace de stockage. Le présent document constitue le rapport scientifique de cette étude.Ce travail a fait l'objet de documents de synthèse et d'un colloque public de restitution, qui s'est tenu à Paris le 13 juin 2019.

Published
2020

46. Comments from the Strength2Food project on the European Commission's Inception Impact Assessment for the revision of the EU Geographical Indications (GIs) scheme

Author

Amilien, Virginie, Arfini, Filippo, Bellassen, Valentin, Gorton, Matthew, Hallam, Fiona, Hartmann, Monika, Meyer, Kathrin, Tocco, Barbara, Yue, Ching-Hua, Oslo Metropolitan University (OsloMet), Università degli studi di Parma = University of Parma (UNIPR), Centre d'Economie et de Sociologie Rurales Appliquées à l'Agriculture et aux Espaces Ruraux (CESAER), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Dijon, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Newcastle University [Newcastle], Universität Bonn = University of Bonn, Strength2Food Project, and European Project: 678024,H2020,H2020-SFS-2015-2,Strength2Food(2016)

Subjects
[QFIN]Quantitative Finance [q-fin], Geographical indications, performance, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract

The Strength2Food project conducted research to evaluate and improve the performance,effectiveness, and consistency of EU Food Quality Schemes (FQS), including GeographicalIndications (GIs) like the Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) and Protected GeographicalIndication (PGI) schemes. The work occurred within the framework of a multi-actor consortium of 30team partners from 11 EU Member States and four non-EU countries (including Thailand andVietnam), including 15 academic institutions, 12 SMEs and stakeholder organisations and threededicated communication and training bodies. This submission aims to summarise research findingsfrom Strength2Food pertinent to the remit of the consultation on the inception impact assessment forthe revision of the EU geographical indications (GIs) systems in agricultural products and foodstuffs,wines and spirit drinks.

Published
2020

48. Stocker du carbone dans les sols français. Quel potentiel au regard de l'objectif 4 pour 1000 et à quel coût ? Rapport scientifique de l'étude

Author

Pellerin, Sylvain (ed.), Bamiere, Laure (ed.), Launay, Camille, Martin, Raphael, Schiavo, Michele, Angers, Denis, Augusto, Laurent, Balesdent, Jérôme, Basile-Doelsch, Isabelle, Bellassen, Valentin, Cardinael, Rémi, Cécillon, Lauric, Ceschia, Eric, Chenu, Claire, Constantin, Julie, Darroussin, Joël, Delacote, Philippe, Delame, Nathalie, Gastal, François, Gilbert, Daniel, Graux, Anne-Isabelle, Guenet, Bertrand, Houot, Sabine, Klumpp, Katja, Letort, Elodie, Litrico, Isabelle, Martin, Manuel, Menasseri, Safya, Meziere, Delphine, Morvan, Thierry, Mosnier, Claire, Estrade, J.R., Saint-André, Laurent, Sierra, Jorge, Thérond, Olivier, Viaud, Valérie, Grateau, Régis, Le Perchec, Sophie, and Réchauchère, Olivier

Published
2020

49. Organic and Geographical Indication Certifications' Contributions to Employment and Education

Author

Hilal, Mohamed, Leedon, Guy, Duboys De Labarre, Matthieu, Antonioli, Federico, Boehm, Michael, Péter, Csillag, Donati, Michele, Drut, Marion, Ferrer-Pérez, Hugo, Gauvrit, Lisa, Gil, Jose Maria, Gkatsikos, Alexandros, Gołaś, Marlena, Hoang, Viet, Knutsen Steinnes, Kamilla, Lilavanichakul, Apichaya, Malak-Rawlikowska, Agata, Mattas, Konstadinos, Napasintuwong, Orachos, Nguyen, An, Ristic, Bojan, Schaer, Burkhard, Tomic Maksan, Marina, Brečić, Ružica, Török, Áron, Vittersø, Gunnar, Bellassen, Valentin, Hilal, Mohamed, Leedon, Guy, Duboys De Labarre, Matthieu, Antonioli, Federico, Boehm, Michael, Péter, Csillag, Donati, Michele, Drut, Marion, Ferrer-Pérez, Hugo, Gauvrit, Lisa, Gil, Jose Maria, Gkatsikos, Alexandros, Gołaś, Marlena, Hoang, Viet, Knutsen Steinnes, Kamilla, Lilavanichakul, Apichaya, Malak-Rawlikowska, Agata, Mattas, Konstadinos, Napasintuwong, Orachos, Nguyen, An, Ristic, Bojan, Schaer, Burkhard, Tomic Maksan, Marina, Brečić, Ružica, Török, Áron, Vittersø, Gunnar, and Bellassen, Valentin

Abstract

In this paper, we test to what extent Food Quality Schemes (FQS, including Geographical Indications and organic products) contribute to the social and economic sustainability of farmers and regions through employment and education. Through employment, FQS may counter the urban migration trend affecting rural regions, and help retain economic and social capital in the local region. Indeed, as FQS are often small and specialised sectors, the economic inefficiency of such businesses may translated into greater employment and social sustainability. Separately , by requiring a higher-level of quality and hence skills, FQS may encourage greater local educational attainment or skilled immigration. To test these propositions , we analyse the employment and educational outcomes of 25 FQS. Our results show that the FQS products examined have a 13% higher labour usage (labour-to-production ratio) compared to reference products, indicating that they provide greater employment. Additionally, wage levels are 32% higher in FQS compared to references. Despite providing greater employment and higher wages, profitability of FQS (i.e. how much turnover/profit is generated per employee) is nevertheless 32% higher for FQS compared to reference products, due to the ability to attract higher product prices. Finally, there is no clear link between FQS and greater (or lower) education attainment in the supply chain. Overall, our results suggest that FQS can provide a strong contribution to local employment, employee income and business profits, strengthening the social and economic sustainability of producers and regions.

Published
2020

50. Will the obligation of environmental results green the CAP? A comparison of the costs and effectiveness of six instruments for the transition to sustainable agriculture

Author

Bonvillain, Thomas, Foucherot, Claudine, Bellassen, Valentin, Bonvillain, Thomas, Foucherot, Claudine, and Bellassen, Valentin

Abstract

This study was carried out in the context of the reform of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) for the period 2021-2027: one of the key elements of this reform is the shift towards an obligation of results for some subsidies. Supported by specific cases, we first show that the distinction between the obligation of means and the obligation of results is overly simplistic. The pure obligation of results in the environmental field never truly exists, and practical examples fall on a continuum of estimates of results with varying degrees of accuracy. An estimation of the costs of six instruments found on this continuum (Green Payments (GPs), Agri-Environment- Climate Measures (AECMs), organic conversion support, High Environmental Value certification (HEV), and two carbon certification systems) enables us to draw several conclusions. First, the obligation of results is not necessarily more costly than the obligation of means: AECMs for example, which are generally considered as obligations of means, are more expensive to administer than carbon certification systems, which are typically considered as obligations of results. The genericity of the instrument plays a key role, making it possible to spread the design and monitoring costs across a large number of farmers. Next, as regards the effectiveness of the instrument in terms of environmental impact, working towards an obligation of results does not appear to be decisive per se. Two factors are, however: the ambition of the instrument and the level of additionality required, for example by making subsidies conditional upon demonstrating an improvement over an initial state. Finally, the specific advantage of shifting towards an obligation of results seems to be that it facilitates the environmental assessment of the CAP, which would make it possible to redirect support where necessary according to this impact data, which is currently unavailable. The reform of the CAP opens up the possibility of introducing new types

Published
2020

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