149 results on '"Bellebaum C"'
Search Results
2. Dynamic changes of resting state connectivity related to the acquisition of a lexico-semantic skill
- Author
-
Schlaffke, L., Schweizer, L., Rüther, N.N., Luerding, R., Tegenthoff, M., Bellebaum, C., and Schmidt-Wilcke, T.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Effective connectivity within the neural system for object-directed action representation during aware and unaware tool processing
- Author
-
Ghio, M, Conca, F, Bellebaum, C, Perani, D, Tettamanti, M, Ghio M., Conca F., Bellebaum C., Perani D., Tettamanti M., Ghio, M, Conca, F, Bellebaum, C, Perani, D, Tettamanti, M, Ghio M., Conca F., Bellebaum C., Perani D., and Tettamanti M.
- Abstract
Previous brain functional specialization evidence has shown that both aware and unaware visual processing of manipulable objects activate left premotor, parietal, and posterior temporal cortices, which are thought to constitute object-directed action and object-function processing streams. An open question is whether, both under supraliminal and subliminal processing conditions, there is directional spread of activation along these functional streams, leading to causal inter-regional connectivity effects. In this study, we used Dynamic Causal Modelling to estimate the effective connectivity influences within the premotor-parieto-temporal network, as a function of factorial contrasts for Manipulability (manipulable vs non-manipulable objects) and Perceptual Awareness (above vs below perceptual threshold). We modeled forward and backward connections originating from visual area V4, as a region underlying object texture segregation, and spreading through the left premotor-parieto-temporal network. Both above and below perceptual threshold, the visual processing of manipulable objects was associated with a specific increase of reciprocal effective connectivity coupling among left premotor-parieto-temporal regions. Aware and unaware manipulable object processing differed from each other for their distinct patterns of top-down activation enhancement exerted, in the former case, by left premotor-parieto-temporal regions on area V4 and, in the latter case, by left premotor on temporal regions. Although it is only under aware processing conditions that effective connectivity in the action representation system may promote object visual contour segregation in area V4, our results suggest that the encoding of object-action and object-function information can occur through left-hemispheric premotor, parietal, and temporal causal interdependencies, even when the object is not consciously perceived.
- Published
- 2022
4. Das serotonerge System und Kognition
- Author
-
Jokisch, D., Bellebaum, C., Daum, I., Przuntek, Horst, editor, and Müller, Thomas, editor
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. How words get meaning: The neural processing of novel object names after sensorimotor training
- Author
-
Bechtold, L, Ghio, M, Antoch, G, Turowski, B, Wittsack, H, Tettamanti, M, Bellebaum, C, Bechtold L., Ghio M., Antoch G., Turowski B., Wittsack H. -J., Tettamanti M., Bellebaum C., Bechtold, L, Ghio, M, Antoch, G, Turowski, B, Wittsack, H, Tettamanti, M, Bellebaum, C, Bechtold L., Ghio M., Antoch G., Turowski B., Wittsack H. -J., Tettamanti M., and Bellebaum C.
- Abstract
The hypothesis that individual experience affects the formation and processing of conceptual representations is controversially debated. Previous training studies with novel tool-like objects have found experience effects on conceptual representations as measured in tasks requiring the processing of object pictures. This study instead explored the neural processing of training-induced word meaning of novel object names. We asked whether the type of experience gained during object concept formation specifically modulates object name processing. In three training sessions with novel tool-like objects, two groups of healthy participants gained either active or observational manipulation experience as well as purely visual experience, while learning pseudowords serving as object names. In an fMRI session after training, participants were presented with the learned novel object names in a lexical decision task. Results revealed that processing novel object names in comparison to meaningless pseudowords elicits a word-like activation pattern in frontal, parietal and temporal regions known to underlie lexical-semantic processing, thus suggesting word meaning formation. Experience-specific modulations did not emerge as regional activation effects. However, a post-hoc analysis revealed that the type of experience (manipulation versus visual)as well as the way, in which the manipulation was learned (active versus observational)led to specific functional connectivity increases between semantic regions and neuronal assemblies in brain areas coding for object manipulation and related visuospatial information. These results suggest that the emergence of conceptual processing for novel object names might be grounded in functional brain networks specifically coding for the experience with their referents.
- Published
- 2019
6. The role of experience for abstract concepts: Expertise modulates the electrophysiological correlates of mathematical word processing
- Author
-
Bechtold, L, Bellebaum, C, Egan, S, Tettamanti, M, Ghio, M, Bechtold L., Bellebaum C., Egan S., Tettamanti M., Ghio M., Bechtold, L, Bellebaum, C, Egan, S, Tettamanti, M, Ghio, M, Bechtold L., Bellebaum C., Egan S., Tettamanti M., and Ghio M.
- Abstract
Embodied theories assign experience a crucial role in shaping conceptual representations. Supporting evidence comes mostly from studies on concrete concepts, where e.g., motor expertise facilitated action concept processing. This study examined experience-dependent effects on abstract concept processing. We asked participants with high and low mathematical expertise to perform a lexical decision task on mathematical and nonmathematical abstract words, while acquiring event-related potentials. Analyses revealed an interaction of expertise and word type on the amplitude of a fronto-central N400 and a centro-parietal late positive component (LPC). For mathematical words, we found a trend for a lower N400 and a significantly higher LPC amplitude in experts compared to nonexperts. No differences between groups were found for nonmathematical words. The results suggest that expertise affects the processing stages of semantic integration and memory retrieval specifically for expertise-related concepts. This study supports the generalization of experience-dependent conceptual processing mechanisms to the abstract domain.
- Published
- 2019
7. The neural coding of expected and unexpected monetary performance outcomes: Dissociations between active and observational learning
- Author
-
Bellebaum, C., Jokisch, D., Gizewski, E. R., Forsting, M., and Daum, I.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Cognitive deficits in narcolepsy
- Author
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NAUMANN, A., BELLEBAUM, C., and DAUM, I.
- Published
- 2006
9. The role of the human thalamus in processing corollary discharge
- Author
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Bellebaum, C., Daum, I., Koch, B., Schwarz, M., and Hoffmann, K.-P.
- Published
- 2005
10. Observed manipulation enhances left fronto-parietal activations in the processing of unfamiliar tools
- Author
-
Rüther, N, Tettamanti, M, Cappa, S, Bellebaum, C, Rüther, N. N., Tettamanti, M., Cappa, S. F., Bellebaum, C., Rüther, N, Tettamanti, M, Cappa, S, Bellebaum, C, Rüther, N. N., Tettamanti, M., Cappa, S. F., and Bellebaum, C.
- Abstract
Tools represent a special class of objects, as functional details of tools can afford certain actions. In addition, information gained via prior experience with tools can be accessed on a semantic level, providing a basis for meaningful object interactions. Conceptual representations of tools also encompass knowledge about tool manipulation which can be acquired via direct (active manipulation) or indirect (observation of others manipulating objects) motor experience. The present study aimed to explore the impact of observation of manipulation on the neural processing of previously unfamiliar, manipulable objects. Brain activity was assessed by means of functional magnetic resonance imaging while participants accomplished a visual matching task involving pictures of the novel objects before and after they received object-related training. Three training session in which subjects observed an experimenter manipulating one set of objects and visually explored another set of objects were used to make subjects familiar with the tools and to allow the formation of new tool representations. A control object set was not part of the training. Training-related brain activation increases were found for observed manipulation objects compared to not trained objects in a left-hemispheric network consisting of inferior frontal gyrus (iFG) pars opercularis and triangularis and supramarginal/angular gyrus. This illustrates that direct manipulation experience is not required to elicit tool-associated activation changes in the action system. While the iFG activation might indicate a close relationship between the areas involved in tool representation and those involved in observational knowledge acquisition, the parietal activation is discussed in terms of non-semantic effects of object affordances and handtool spatial relationships.
- Published
- 2014
11. Neural representations of unfamiliar objects are modulated by sensorimotor experience
- Author
-
Bellebaum, C, Tettamanti, M, Marchetta, E, Della Rosa, P, Rizzo, G, Cappa, S, Bellebaum, C., Tettamanti, M., Marchetta, E., Della Rosa, P. A., Rizzo, G. Daum I., Cappa, S. F., Bellebaum, C, Tettamanti, M, Marchetta, E, Della Rosa, P, Rizzo, G, Cappa, S, Bellebaum, C., Tettamanti, M., Marchetta, E., Della Rosa, P. A., Rizzo, G. Daum I., and Cappa, S. F.
- Abstract
Sensory/functional accounts of semantic memory organization emphasize that object representations in the brain reflect the modalities involved in object knowledge acquisition. The present study aimed to elucidate the impact of different types of object-related sensorimotor experience on the neural representations of novel objects. Sixteen subjects engaged in an object matching task while their brain activity was assessed with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), before and after they acquired knowledge about previously unfamiliar objects. In three training sessions subjects learned about object function, actively manipulating only one set of objects (manipulation training objects, MTO), and visually exploring a second set (visual training objects, VTO). A third object set served as control condition and was not part of the training (no training objects, NTO). While training-related activation increases were observed in the fronto-parietal cortex for both VTO and MTO, post training activity in the left inferior/middle frontal gyrus and the left posterior inferior parietal lobule was higher for MTO than VTO and NTO. As revealed by Dynamic Causal Modeling of effective connectivity between the regions with enhanced post training activity, these effects were likely caused, respectively, by a down-regulation of a fronto-parietal tool use network in response to VTO, and by an increased connectivity for MTO. This pattern of findings indicates that the modalities involved in sensorimotor experience influence the formation of neural representations of objects in semantic memory, with manipulation experience specifically yielding higher activity in regions of the fronto-parietal cortex.
- Published
- 2013
12. Kognitive Defizite und motorische Funktionserholung nach Basalganglieninfarkten
- Author
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Wicking, M, Todica, O, Eng, K, Kiper, D, Bellebaum, C, Daum, I, and Hermann, D
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Vascular risk factors and associated diseases, not focal brain lesions, determine deficits of reward-based reversal learning in acute basal ganglia stroke
- Author
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Seidel, U. K., Gronewold, Janine, Wicking, M., Bellebaum, C., and Hermann, Dirk M.
- Subjects
Medizin - Published
- 2014
14. Strategies in probabilistic feedback learning in Parkinson patients OFF medication
- Author
-
Bellebaum, C., primary, Kobza, S., additional, Ferrea, S., additional, Schnitzler, A., additional, Pollok, B., additional, and Südmeyer, M., additional
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Acute Stroke in the basal Ganglia - Consequences for reward based learning
- Author
-
Seidel, U. K., Todica, O., Wicking, M., Daum, I., Bellebaum, C., and Hermann, Dirk M.
- Subjects
Medizin - Published
- 2011
16. P80. Effects of deep brain stimulation on active and observational feedback learning in Parkinson’s disease
- Author
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Meißner, S.N., primary, Südmeyer, M., additional, Keitel, A., additional, Pollok, B., additional, and Bellebaum, C., additional
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Acute stroke in the basal ganglia - effects on reward-based learning
- Author
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Seidel, U. K., Wicking, M., Todica, O., Bellebaum, C., Daum, I., and Hermann, Dirk M.
- Subjects
Medizin - Published
- 2010
18. Das serotonerge System und Kognition
- Author
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Jokisch, D., primary, Bellebaum, C., additional, and Daum, I., additional
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. P670: Neural correlates of semantic vs. perceptual analysis of morse-code (MC) stimuli
- Author
-
Schlaffke, L., primary, Ruether, N., additional, Heba, S., additional, Bellebaum, C., additional, Tegenthoff, M., additional, and Schmidt-Wilcke, T., additional
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Semantic features of associatively encoded pairs modulate early source memory effects during retrieval
- Author
-
Pergola, G., primary, Suchan, B., additional, and Bellebaum, C., additional
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Updating for perception: An ERP-study of post-saccadic perceptual localization
- Author
-
Peterburs, J., primary, Gajda, K., additional, Bellebaum, C., additional, Hoffmann, K.-P., additional, and Daum, I., additional
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. It Was Not MY Fault: Event-Related Brain Potentials in Active and Observational Learning from Feedback
- Author
-
Bellebaum, C., primary, Kobza, S., additional, Thiele, S., additional, and Daum, I., additional
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Kognitive Defizite und motorische Funktionserholung nach Basalganglieninfarkten
- Author
-
Wicking, M, primary, Todica, O, additional, Eng, K, additional, Kiper, D, additional, Bellebaum, C, additional, Daum, I, additional, and Hermann, D, additional
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Focal basal ganglia lesions are associated with impairments in reward-based reversal learning
- Author
-
Bellebaum, C., primary, Koch, B., additional, Schwarz, M., additional, and Daum, I., additional
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. The role of the thalamus in conveying efference copy information
- Author
-
Bellebaum, C., primary, Lunenberger, L., additional, Koch, B., additional, Daum, I., additional, Schwarz, M., additional, and Hoffmann, K. P., additional
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Positivity effect in healthy aging in observational but not active feedback-learning.
- Author
-
Bellebaum C, Rustemeier M, and Daum I
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Effective connectivity within the neural system for object-directed action representation during aware and unaware tool processing
- Author
-
Marta Ghio, Francesca Conca, Christian Bellebaum, Daniela Perani, Marco Tettamanti, Ghio, M, Conca, F, Bellebaum, C, Perani, D, and Tettamanti, M
- Subjects
Brain Mapping ,Consciousne ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Temporal Lobe ,Action representation ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,Visual Perception ,Humans ,Tool ,Functional integration ,Continuous flash suppression ,Visual Cortex - Abstract
Previous brain functional specialization evidence has shown that both aware and unaware visual processing of manipulable objects activate left premotor, parietal, and posterior temporal cortices, which are thought to constitute object-directed action and object-function processing streams. An open question is whether, both under supraliminal and subliminal processing conditions, there is directional spread of activation along these functional streams, leading to causal inter-regional connectivity effects. In this study, we used Dynamic Causal Modelling to estimate the effective connectivity influences within the premotor-parieto-temporal network, as a function of factorial contrasts for Manipulability (manipulable vs non-manipulable objects) and Perceptual Awareness (above vs below perceptual threshold). We modeled forward and backward connections originating from visual area V4, as a region underlying object texture segregation, and spreading through the left premotor-parieto-temporal network. Both above and below perceptual threshold, the visual processing of manipulable objects was associated with a specific increase of reciprocal effective connectivity coupling among left premotor-parieto-temporal regions. Aware and unaware manipulable object processing differed from each other for their distinct patterns of top-down activation enhancement exerted, in the former case, by left premotor-parieto-temporal regions on area V4 and, in the latter case, by left premotor on temporal regions. Although it is only under aware processing conditions that effective connectivity in the action representation system may promote object visual contour segregation in area V4, our results suggest that the encoding of object-action and object-function information can occur through left-hemispheric premotor, parietal, and temporal causal interdependencies, even when the object is not consciously perceived.
- Published
- 2022
28. How words get meaning: The neural processing of novel object names after sensorimotor training
- Author
-
Laura Bechtold, Gerald Antoch, Marco Tettamanti, Bernd Turowski, Hans-Jörg Wittsack, Marta Ghio, Christian Bellebaum, Bechtold, L, Ghio, M, Antoch, G, Turowski, B, Wittsack, H, Tettamanti, M, and Bellebaum, C
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Adolescent ,genetic structures ,Concept Formation ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Decision Making ,Object (grammar) ,050105 experimental psychology ,Session (web analytics) ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Concept learning ,Lexical decision task ,Humans ,Semantic memory ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Experience ,Brain Mapping ,05 social sciences ,fMRI ,Grounded cognition ,Brain ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Semantics ,Neurology ,Practice, Psychological ,Neural processing ,Tool ,Female ,Novel word ,Psychology ,Psychomotor Performance ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Cognitive psychology ,Meaning (linguistics) ,Coding (social sciences) - Abstract
The hypothesis that individual experience affects the formation and processing of conceptual representations is controversially debated. Previous training studies with novel tool-like objects have found experience effects on conceptual representations as measured in tasks requiring the processing of object pictures. This study instead explored the neural processing of training-induced word meaning of novel object names. We asked whether the type of experience gained during object concept formation specifically modulates object name processing. In three training sessions with novel tool-like objects, two groups of healthy participants gained either active or observational manipulation experience as well as purely visual experience, while learning pseudowords serving as object names. In an fMRI session after training, participants were presented with the learned novel object names in a lexical decision task. Results revealed that processing novel object names in comparison to meaningless pseudowords elicits a word-like activation pattern in frontal, parietal and temporal regions known to underlie lexical-semantic processing, thus suggesting word meaning formation. Experience-specific modulations did not emerge as regional activation effects. However, a post-hoc analysis revealed that the type of experience (manipulation versus visual) as well as the way, in which the manipulation was learned (active versus observational) led to specific functional connectivity increases between semantic regions and neuronal assemblies in brain areas coding for object manipulation and related visuospatial information. These results suggest that the emergence of conceptual processing for novel object names might be grounded in functional brain networks specifically coding for the experience with their referents.
- Published
- 2019
29. The role of experience for abstract concepts: Expertise modulates the electrophysiological correlates of mathematical word processing
- Author
-
Christian Bellebaum, Sophie Egan, Marta Ghio, Laura Bechtold, Marco Tettamanti, Bechtold, L, Bellebaum, C, Egan, S, Tettamanti, M, and Ghio, M
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Linguistics and Language ,Lexical decision ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Word processing ,Decision Making ,Mathematical word ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Expertise ,050105 experimental psychology ,Language and Linguistics ,Mathematical words ,03 medical and health sciences ,Speech and Hearing ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,Abstract concepts ,LPC ,N400 ,Semantic memory ,3616 ,Memory ,Lexical decision task ,Reaction Time ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Semantic integration ,Late positive component ,Evoked Potentials ,Concept Processing ,05 social sciences ,Electroencephalography ,Mathematical Concepts ,Verbal Learning ,Semantics ,Abstract concept ,Embodied cognition ,Female ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
Embodied theories assign experience a crucial role in shaping conceptual representations. Supporting evidence comes mostly from studies on concrete concepts, where e.g., motor expertise facilitated action concept processing. This study examined experience-dependent effects on abstract concept processing. We asked participants with high and low mathematical expertise to perform a lexical decision task on mathematical and nonmathematical abstract words, while acquiring event-related potentials. Analyses revealed an interaction of expertise and word type on the amplitude of a fronto-central N400 and a centro-parietal late positive component (LPC). For mathematical words, we found a trend for a lower N400 and a significantly higher LPC amplitude in experts compared to nonexperts. No differences between groups were found for nonmathematical words. The results suggest that expertise affects the processing stages of semantic integration and memory retrieval specifically for expertise-related concepts. This study supports the generalization of experience-dependent conceptual processing mechanisms to the abstract domain.
- Published
- 2018
30. Observed manipulation enhances left fronto-parietal activations in the processing of unfamiliar tools
- Author
-
Marco Tettamanti, Christian Bellebaum, Stefano F. Cappa, Norma Naima Rüther, Rüther, N, Tettamanti, M, Cappa, S, and Bellebaum, C
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Adolescent ,genetic structures ,Brain activity and meditation ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Social Sciences ,lcsh:Medicine ,Inferior frontal gyrus ,Neuroimaging ,Biology ,Nervous System ,Angular gyrus ,Motor Reactions ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,Young Adult ,Learning and Memory ,Neuropsychology ,medicine ,Psychology ,Humans ,lcsh:Science ,Set (psychology) ,Representation (mathematics) ,Brain Mapping ,Multidisciplinary ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,lcsh:R ,Cognitive Psychology ,Motor Cortex ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Linguistics ,Object (computer science) ,Knowledge acquisition ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Motor System ,Semantics ,Cognitive Science ,Sensory Perception ,lcsh:Q ,Female ,Anatomy ,Functional magnetic resonance imaging ,Photic Stimulation ,Psychomotor Performance ,Research Article ,Neuroscience ,Cognitive psychology ,Human - Abstract
Tools represent a special class of objects, as functional details of tools can afford certain actions. In addition, information gained via prior experience with tools can be accessed on a semantic level, providing a basis for meaningful object interactions. Conceptual representations of tools also encompass knowledge about tool manipulation which can be acquired via direct (active manipulation) or indirect (observation of others manipulating objects) motor experience. The present study aimed to explore the impact of observation of manipulation on the neural processing of previously unfamiliar, manipulable objects. Brain activity was assessed by means of functional magnetic resonance imaging while participants accomplished a visual matching task involving pictures of the novel objects before and after they received object-related training. Three training session in which subjects observed an experimenter manipulating one set of objects and visually explored another set of objects were used to make subjects familiar with the tools and to allow the formation of new tool representations. A control object set was not part of the training. Training-related brain activation increases were found for observed manipulation objects compared to not trained objects in a left-hemispheric network consisting of inferior frontal gyrus (iFG) pars opercularis and triangularis and supramarginal/angular gyrus. This illustrates that direct manipulation experience is not required to elicit tool-associated activation changes in the action system. While the iFG activation might indicate a close relationship between the areas involved in tool representation and those involved in observational knowledge acquisition, the parietal activation is discussed in terms of non-semantic effects of object affordances and hand-tool spatial relationships.
- Published
- 2014
31. Neural representations of unfamiliar objects are modulated by sensorimotor experience
- Author
-
Stefano F. Cappa, Giovanna Rizzo, Marco Tettamanti, Pasquale Anthony Della Rosa, Irene Daum, Christian Bellebaum, E. Marchetta, Bellebaum, C, Tettamanti, M, Marchetta, E, Della Rosa, P, Rizzo, G, and Cappa, S
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,genetic structures ,Brain activity and meditation ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Models, Neurological ,Prefrontal Cortex ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Sensory system ,Functional Laterality ,Young Adult ,Memory ,Parietal Lobe ,medicine ,Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ,Reaction Time ,Semantic memory ,Middle frontal gyrus ,Humans ,Learning ,Set (psychology) ,Communication ,function ,DCM ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,semantic memory ,fMRI ,Inferior parietal lobule ,Bayes Theorem ,Recognition, Psychology ,Object (computer science) ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Form Perception ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,Motor Skills ,manipulation ,Female ,Functional magnetic resonance imaging ,business ,Psychology ,Psychomotor Performance ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
Sensory/functional accounts of semantic memory organization emphasize that object representations in the brain reflect the modalities involved in object knowledge acquisition. The present study aimed to elucidate the impact of different types of object-related sensorimotor experience on the neural representations of novel objects. Sixteen subjects engaged in an object matching task while their brain activity was assessed with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), before and after they acquired knowledge about previously unfamiliar objects. In three training sessions subjects learned about object function, actively manipulating only one set of objects (manipulation training objects, MTO), and visually exploring a second set (visual training objects, VTO). A third object set served as control condition and was not part of the training (no training objects, NTO). While training-related activation increases were observed in the fronto-parietal cortex for both VTO and MTO, post training activity in the left inferior/middle frontal gyrus and the left posterior inferior parietal lobule was higher for MTO than VTO and NTO. As revealed by Dynamic Causal Modeling of effective connectivity between the regions with enhanced post training activity, these effects were likely caused, respectively, by a down-regulation of a fronto-parietal tool use network in response to VTO, and by an increased connectivity for MTO. This pattern of findings indicates that the modalities involved in sensorimotor experience influence the formation of neural representations of objects in semantic memory, with manipulation experience specifically yielding higher activity in regions of the fronto-parietal cortex.
- Published
- 2013
32. Fifty Percent of the Time, Tones Come Every Time: Stronger Prediction Error Effects on Neurophysiological Sensory Attenuation for Self-generated Tones.
- Author
-
Egan S, Seidel A, Weber C, Ghio M, and Bellebaum C
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Female, Young Adult, Adult, Auditory Perception physiology, Psychomotor Performance physiology, Evoked Potentials physiology, Cues, Anticipation, Psychological physiology, Acoustic Stimulation, Time Factors, Electroencephalography
- Abstract
The N1/P2 amplitude reduction for self-generated tones in comparison to external tones in EEG, which has recently also been described for action observation, is an example of the so-called sensory attenuation. Whether this effect is dependent on motor-based or general predictive mechanisms is unclear. Using a paradigm, in which actions (button presses) elicited tones in only half the trials, this study examined how the processing of the tones is modulated by the prediction error in each trial in a self-performed action compared with action observation. In addition, we considered the effect of temporal predictability by adding a third condition, in which visual cues were followed by external tones in half the trials. The attenuation result patterns differed for N1 and P2 amplitudes, but neither showed an attenuation effect beyond temporal predictability. Interestingly, we found that both N1 and P2 amplitudes reflected prediction errors derived from a reinforcement learning model, in that larger errors coincided with larger amplitudes. This effect was stronger for tones following button presses compared with cued external tones, but only for self-performed and not for observed actions. Taken together, our results suggest that attenuation effects are partially driven by general predictive mechanisms irrespective of self-performed actions. However, the stronger prediction-error effects for self-generated tones suggest that distinct motor-related factors beyond temporal predictability, potentially linked to reinforcement learning, play a role in the underlying mechanisms. Further research is needed to validate these initial findings as the calculation of the prediction errors was limited by the design of the experiment., (© 2024 Massachusetts Institute of Technology.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. The Role of the Human Cerebellum for Learning from and Processing of External Feedback in Non-Motor Learning: A Systematic Review.
- Author
-
Berlijn AM, Huvermann DM, Schneider S, Bellebaum C, Timmann D, Minnerop M, and Peterburs J
- Subjects
- Humans, Cerebellum physiology, Cerebellum diagnostic imaging, Learning physiology
- Abstract
This review aimed to systematically identify and comprehensively review the role of the cerebellum in performance monitoring, focusing on learning from and on processing of external feedback in non-motor learning. While 1078 articles were screened for eligibility, ultimately 36 studies were included in which external feedback was delivered in cognitive tasks and which referenced the cerebellum. These included studies in patient populations with cerebellar damage and studies in healthy subjects applying neuroimaging. Learning performance in patients with different cerebellar diseases was heterogeneous, with only about half of all patients showing alterations. One patient study using EEG demonstrated that damage to the cerebellum was associated with altered neural processing of external feedback. Studies assessing brain activity with task-based fMRI or PET and one resting-state functional imaging study that investigated connectivity changes following feedback-based learning in healthy participants revealed involvement particularly of lateral and posterior cerebellar regions in processing of and learning from external feedback. Cerebellar involvement was found at different stages, e.g., during feedback anticipation and following the onset of the feedback stimuli, substantiating the cerebellum's relevance for different aspects of performance monitoring such as feedback prediction. Future research will need to further elucidate precisely how, where, and when the cerebellum modulates the prediction and processing of external feedback information, which cerebellar subregions are particularly relevant, and to what extent cerebellar diseases alter these processes., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Emotional cues reduce Pavlovian interference in feedback-based go and nogo learning.
- Author
-
Vahedi J, Mundorf A, Bellebaum C, and Peterburs J
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Female, Adult, Young Adult, Facial Expression, Psychomotor Performance physiology, Reward, Reinforcement, Psychology, Feedback, Psychological physiology, Inhibition, Psychological, Adolescent, Cues, Emotions physiology, Conditioning, Classical physiology
- Abstract
It is easier to execute a response in the promise of a reward and withhold a response in the promise of a punishment than vice versa, due to a conflict between cue-related Pavlovian and outcome-related instrumental action tendencies in the reverse conditions. This robust learning asymmetry in go and nogo learning is referred to as the Pavlovian bias. Interestingly, it is similar to motivational tendencies reported for affective facial expressions, i.e., facilitation of approach to a smile and withdrawal from a frown. The present study investigated whether and how learning from emotional faces instead of abstract stimuli modulates the Pavlovian bias in reinforcement learning. To this end, 137 healthy adult participants performed an orthogonalized Go/Nogo task that fully decoupled action (go/nogo) and outcome valence (win points/avoid losing points). Three groups of participants were tested with either emotional facial cues whose affective valence was either congruent (CON) or incongruent (INC) to the required instrumental response, or with neutral facial cues (NEU). Relative to NEU, the Pavlovian bias was reduced in both CON and INC, though still present under all learning conditions. Importantly, only for CON, the reduction of the Pavlovian bias effect was adaptive by improving learning performance in one of the conflict conditions. In contrast, the reduction of the Pavlovian bias in INC was completely driven by decreased learning performance in non-conflict conditions. These results suggest a potential role of arousal/salience in Pavlovian-instrumental regulation and cue-action congruency in the adaptability of goal-directed behavior. Implications for clinical application are discussed., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Prediction-error-dependent processing of immediate and delayed positive feedback.
- Author
-
Weber C and Bellebaum C
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Female, Adult, Young Adult, Feedback, Psychological physiology, Learning physiology, Electroencephalography, Evoked Potentials physiology, Reward
- Abstract
Learning often involves trial-and-error, i.e. repeating behaviours that lead to desired outcomes, and adjusting behaviour when outcomes do not meet our expectations and thus lead to prediction errors (PEs). PEs have been shown to be reflected in the reward positivity (RewP), an event-related potential (ERP) component between 200 and 350 ms after performance feedback which is linked to striatal processing and assessed via electroencephalography (EEG). Here we show that this is also true for delayed feedback processing, for which a critical role of the hippocampus has been suggested. We found a general reduction of the RewP for delayed feedback, but the PE was similarly reflected in the RewP and the later P300 for immediate and delayed positive feedback, while no effect was found for negative feedback. Our results suggest that, despite processing differences between immediate and delayed feedback, positive PEs drive feedback processing and learning irrespective of delay., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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36. That means something to me: How linguistic and emotional experience affect the acquisition, representation, and processing of novel abstract concepts.
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Espey L, Ghio M, Bellebaum C, and Bechtold L
- Subjects
- Humans, Linguistics, Concept Formation, Learning, Emotions, Semantics
- Abstract
We used a novel linguistic training paradigm to investigate the experience-dependent acquisition, representation, and processing of novel emotional and neutral abstract concepts. Participants engaged in mental imagery ( n = 32) or lexico-semantic rephrasing ( n = 34) of linguistic material during five training sessions and successfully learned the novel abstract concepts. Feature production after training showed that specifically emotion features enriched the emotional concepts' representations. Unexpectedly, for participants engaging in vivid mental imagery during training a higher semantic richness of the acquired emotional concepts slowed down lexical decisions. Rephrasing, in turn, promoted a better learning and processing performance than imagery, probably due to stronger established lexical associations. Our results confirm the importance of emotional and linguistic experience and additional deep lexico-semantic processing for the acquisition, representation, and processing of abstract concepts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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- 2024
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37. Learning new words via feedback-Association between feedback-locked ERPs and recall performance-An exploratory study.
- Author
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Albrecht C, van de Vijver R, and Bellebaum C
- Subjects
- Humans, Feedback, Evoked Potentials physiology, Mental Recall, Feedback, Psychological physiology, Reward, Electroencephalography, Learning physiology
- Abstract
Feedback learning is thought to involve the dopamine system and its projection sites in the basal ganglia and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), regions associated with procedural learning. Under certain conditions, such as when feedback is delayed, feedback-locked activation is pronounced in the medial temporal lobe (MTL), which is associated with declarative learning. In event-related potential research, the feedback-related negativity (FRN) has been linked to immediate feedback processing, while the N170, possibly reflecting MTL activity, has been related to delayed feedback processing. In the current study, we performed an exploratory investigation on the relation between N170 and FRN amplitude and memory performance in a test for declarative memory (free recall), also exploring the role of feedback delay. To this end, we adapted a paradigm in which participants learned associations between non-objects and non-words with either immediate or delayed feedback, and added a subsequent free recall test. We indeed found that N170, but not FRN amplitudes, depended on later free recall performance, with smaller amplitudes for later remembered non-words. In an additional analysis with memory performance as dependent variable, the N170, but not the FRN amplitude predicted free recall, modulated by feedback timing and valence. This finding shows that the N170 reflects an important process during feedback processing, possibly related to expectations and their violation, but is distinct from the process reflected by the FRN., (© 2023 The Authors. Psychophysiology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society for Psychophysiological Research.)
- Published
- 2023
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38. My view on your actions: Dynamic changes in viewpoint-dependent auditory ERP attenuation during action observation.
- Author
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Seidel A, Weber C, Ghio M, and Bellebaum C
- Subjects
- Humans, Acoustic Stimulation methods, Evoked Potentials, Sound, Electroencephalography, Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Auditory Perception
- Abstract
It has been suggested that during action observation, a sensory representation of the observed action is mapped onto one's own motor system. However, it is largely unexplored what this may imply for the early processing of the action's sensory consequences, whether the observational viewpoint exerts influence on this and how such a modulatory effect might change over time. We tested whether the event-related potential of auditory effects of actions observed from a first- versus third-person perspective show amplitude reductions compared with externally generated sounds, as revealed for self-generated sounds. Multilevel modeling on trial-level data showed distinct dynamic patterns for the two viewpoints on reductions of the N1, P2, and N2 components. For both viewpoints, an N1 reduction for sounds generated by observed actions versus externally generated sounds was observed. However, only during first-person observation, we found a temporal dynamic within experimental runs (i.e., the N1 reduction only emerged with increasing trial number), indicating time-variant, viewpoint-dependent processes involved in sensorimotor prediction during action observation. For the P2, only a viewpoint-independent reduction was found for sounds elicited by observed actions, which disappeared in the second half of the experiment. The opposite pattern was found in an exploratory analysis concerning the N2, revealing a reduction that increased in the second half of the experiment, and, moreover, a temporal dynamic within experimental runs for the first-person perspective, possibly reflecting an agency-related process. Overall, these results suggested that the processing of auditory outcomes of observed actions is dynamically modulated by the viewpoint over time., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
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- 2023
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39. Slip or fallacy? Effects of error severity on own and observed pitch error processing in pianists.
- Author
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Albrecht C and Bellebaum C
- Subjects
- Humans, Reaction Time, Psychomotor Performance, Evoked Potentials, Electroencephalography methods
- Abstract
Errors elicit a negative, mediofrontal, event-related potential (ERP), for both own errors (error-related negativity; ERN) and observed errors (here referred to as observer mediofrontal negativity; oMN). It is unclear, however, if the action-monitoring system codes action valence as an all-or-nothing phenomenon or if the system differentiates between errors of different severity. We investigated this question by recording electroencephalography (EEG) data of pianists playing themselves (Experiment 1) or watching others playing (Experiment 2). Piano pieces designed to elicit large errors were used. While active participants' ERN amplitudes differed between small and large errors, observers' oMN amplitudes did not. The different pattern in the two groups of participants was confirmed in an exploratory analysis comparing ERN and oMN directly. We suspect that both prediction and action mismatches can be coded in action monitoring systems, depending on the task, and a need-to-adapt signal is sent whenever mismatches happen to indicate the magnitude of the needed adaptation., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
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- 2023
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40. Auditory N1 and P2 attenuation in action observation: An event-related potential study considering effects of temporal predictability and individualism.
- Author
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Egan S, Ghio M, and Bellebaum C
- Subjects
- Humans, Acoustic Stimulation, Electroencephalography, Cues, Auditory Perception physiology, Evoked Potentials, Auditory physiology, Evoked Potentials
- Abstract
Tones that are generated by self-performed actions elicit attenuated N1 and P2 amplitudes, as measured by electroencephalography (EEG), compared to identical external tones, which is referred to as neurophysiological sensory attenuation (SA). At the same time, self-generated tones are perceived as less loud compared to external tones (perceptual SA). Action observation led in part to a similar neurophysiological and perceptual SA. The perceptual SA in observers was found in comparison to tones that were temporally predictable, and one study suggested that perceptual SA in observers might depend on the cultural dimension of individualism. In this study, we examined neurophysiological SA for tones elicited by self-performed and observed actions during simultaneous EEG acquisitions in two participants, extending the paradigm with a visual cue condition controlling for effects of temporal predictability. Moreover, we investigated the effect of individualism on neurophysiological SA in action observation. Relative to un-cued external tones, the N1 was only descriptively reduced for tones that were elicited by self-performed or observed actions and significantly attenuated for cued external tones. A P2 attenuation effect relative to un-cued external tones was found in all three conditions, with stronger effects for self- and other-generated tones than for cued external tones. We found no evidence for an effect of individualism. These findings add to previous evidence for neurophysiological SA in action performance and observation with a paradigm well-controlled for the effect of predictability and individualism, showing differential effects of the former on the N1 and P2 components, and no effect of the latter., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2023
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41. When a Sunny Day Gives You Butterflies: An Electrophysiological Investigation of Concreteness and Context Effects in Semantic Word Processing.
- Author
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Bechtold L, Bellebaum C, and Ghio M
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Female, Animals, Evoked Potentials physiology, Electroencephalography, Word Processing, Reaction Time physiology, Semantics, Butterflies
- Abstract
Theories on controlled semantic cognition assume that word concreteness and linguistic context interact during semantic word processing. Methodological approaches and findings on how this interaction manifests at the electrophysiological and behavioral levels are heterogeneous. We measured ERPs and RTs applying a validated cueing paradigm with 19 healthy participants, who performed similarity judgments on concrete or abstract words (e.g., "butterfly" or "tolerance") after reading contextual and irrelevant sentential cues. Data-driven analyses showed that concreteness increased and context decreased negative-going deflections in broadly distributed bilateral clusters covering the N400 and N700/late positive component time range, whereas both reduced RTs. Crucially, within a frontotemporal cluster in the N400 time range, contextual (vs. irrelevant) information reduced negative-going amplitudes in response to concrete but not abstract words, whereas a contextual cue reduced RTs only in response to abstract but not concrete words. The N400 amplitudes did not explain additional variance in the RT data, which showed a stronger contextual facilitation for abstract than concrete words. Our results support separate but interacting effects of concreteness and context on automatic and controlled stages of contextual semantic processing and suggest that effects on the electrophysiological versus behavioral level obtained with this paradigm are dissociated., (© 2022 Massachusetts Institute of Technology.)
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- 2023
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42. Effective connectivity within the neural system for object-directed action representation during aware and unaware tool processing.
- Author
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Ghio M, Conca F, Bellebaum C, Perani D, and Tettamanti M
- Subjects
- Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging methods, Temporal Lobe physiology, Visual Perception physiology, Brain Mapping methods, Visual Cortex
- Abstract
Previous brain functional specialization evidence has shown that both aware and unaware visual processing of manipulable objects activate left premotor, parietal, and posterior temporal cortices, which are thought to constitute object-directed action and object-function processing streams. An open question is whether, both under supraliminal and subliminal processing conditions, there is directional spread of activation along these functional streams, leading to causal inter-regional connectivity effects. In this study, we used Dynamic Causal Modelling to estimate the effective connectivity influences within the premotor-parieto-temporal network, as a function of factorial contrasts for Manipulability (manipulable vs non-manipulable objects) and Perceptual Awareness (above vs below perceptual threshold). We modeled forward and backward connections originating from visual area V4, as a region underlying object texture segregation, and spreading through the left premotor-parieto-temporal network. Both above and below perceptual threshold, the visual processing of manipulable objects was associated with a specific increase of reciprocal effective connectivity coupling among left premotor-parieto-temporal regions. Aware and unaware manipulable object processing differed from each other for their distinct patterns of top-down activation enhancement exerted, in the former case, by left premotor-parieto-temporal regions on area V4 and, in the latter case, by left premotor on temporal regions. Although it is only under aware processing conditions that effective connectivity in the action representation system may promote object visual contour segregation in area V4, our results suggest that the encoding of object-action and object-function information can occur through left-hemispheric premotor, parietal, and temporal causal interdependencies, even when the object is not consciously perceived., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest None., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2022
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43. Altered performance monitoring in Tourette Syndrome: an MEG investigation.
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Metzlaff J, Finis J, Münchau A, Müller-Vahl K, Schnitzler A, Bellebaum C, Biermann-Ruben K, and Niccolai V
- Subjects
- Adult, Dopamine, Electroencephalography, Evoked Potentials physiology, Humans, Psychomotor Performance physiology, Reaction Time physiology, Tourette Syndrome
- Abstract
The error-related negativity (ERN) is an event-related potential component indexing processes of performance monitoring during simple stimulus-response tasks: the ERN is typically enhanced for error processing and conflicting response representations. Investigations in healthy participants and different patient groups have linked the ERN to the dopamine system and to prefrontal information processing. As in patients with Tourette Syndrome (TS) both dopamine release and prefrontal information processing are impaired, we hypothesized that performance monitoring would be altered, which was investigated with magnetencephalography (MEG). We examined performance monitoring in TS patients by assessing the magnetic equivalent of the ERN (mERN). The mERN was investigated in tic-free trials of eight adult, unmedicated TS patients without clinically significant comorbidity and ten matched healthy controls while performing a Go/NoGo task in selected frontocentral channels. The analysis of the response-related amplitudes of the event-related magnetic field showed that TS patients, in contrast to controls, did not show earlier amplitude modulation (between 70 and 105 ms after response onset) depending on response type (errors or correct responses). In both groups significant mERN amplitudes in the time-window between 105 and 160 ms after response onset were detected thus pointing at only later error processing in TS patients. In TS patients, early error-related processing might be affected by an enhanced motor control triggered by a conflict between the targeted high task performance and tic suppression. TS patients seem to tend to initially process all responses as erroneous responses., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2022
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44. The impact of social anxiety on feedback-based go and nogo learning.
- Author
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Peterburs J, Albrecht C, and Bellebaum C
- Subjects
- Anxiety, Bias, Feedback, Humans, Fear, Reward
- Abstract
The term "Pavlovian" bias describes the phenomenon that learning to execute a response to obtain a reward or to inhibit a response to avoid punishment is much easier than learning the reverse. The present study investigated the interplay between this learning bias and individual levels of social anxiety. Since avoidance behavior is a hallmark feature of social anxiety and high levels of social anxiety have been associated with better learning from negative feedback, it is conceivable that the Pavlovian bias is altered in individuals with high social anxiety, with a strong tendency to avoid negative feedback, especially (but not only) in a nogo context. In addition, learning may be modulated by the individual propensity to learn from positive or negative feedback, which can be assessed as a trait-like feature. A sample of 84 healthy university students completed an orthogonalized go/nogo task that decoupled action type (go/nogo) and outcome valence (win/avoid) and a probabilistic selection task based upon which the individual propensity to learn from positive and negative feedback was determined. Self-reported social anxiety and learning propensity were used as predictors in linear mixed-effect model analysis of performance accuracy in the go/nogo task. Results revealed that high socially anxious subjects with a propensity to learn better from negative feedback showed particularly pronounced learning for nogo to avoid while lacking significant learning for nogo to win as well as go to avoid. This result pattern suggests that high levels of social anxiety in concert with negative learning propensity hamper the overcoming of Pavlovian bias in a win context while facilitating response inhibition in an avoidance context. The present data confirm the robust Pavlovian bias in feedback-based learning and add to a growing body of evidence for modulation of feedback learning by individual factors, such as personality traits. Specifically, results show that social anxiety is associated with altered Pavlovian bias, and might suggest that this effect could be driven by altered basal ganglia function primarily affecting the nogo pathway., (© 2021. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2022
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45. Selective Devaluation Affects the Processing of Preferred Rewards.
- Author
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Huvermann DM, Bellebaum C, and Peterburs J
- Subjects
- Event-Related Potentials, P300, Humans, Motivation, Gambling, Reward
- Abstract
The present study investigated whether the representation of subjective preferences in the event-related potential is manipulable through selective devaluation, i.e., the consumption of a specific food item until satiety. Thirty-four participants completed a gambling task in which they chose between virtual doors to find one of three snack items, representing a high, medium, or low preference outcome as defined by individual desire-to-eat ratings. In one of two test sessions, they underwent selective devaluation of the high preference outcome. In the other, they completed the task on an empty stomach. Consistent with previous findings, averaged across sessions, amplitudes were increased for more preferred rewards in the time windows of P2, late FRN, and P300. As hypothesised, we also found a selective devaluation effect for the high preference outcome in the P300 time window, reflected in a decrease in amplitude. The present results provide evidence for modulations of reward processing not only by individual factors, such as subjective preferences, but also by the current motivational state. Importantly, the present data suggest that selective devaluation effects in the P300 may be a promising tool to further characterise altered valuation of food rewards in the context of eating disorders and obesity., (© 2021. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2021
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46. Disentangling effects of expectancy, accuracy, and empathy on the processing of observed actions.
- Author
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Albrecht C and Bellebaum C
- Subjects
- Adult, Electroencephalography, Evoked Potentials, Female, Humans, Male, Young Adult, Anticipation, Psychological physiology, Cerebral Cortex physiology, Empathy physiology, Social Perception
- Abstract
A number of studies suggest that event-related potential (ERP) components previously associated with error processing might represent expectation violation instead of valence. When observing others, these processes might further be modulated by trait empathy. We suggest that trait empathy modulates expectancy formation and that these expectancies then influence observed response processing as reflected in a frontocentral negative ERP component resembling the previously described observer error-related negativity. We acquired single trial ERPs of participants who observed another person in a true- or false-belief condition answering correctly or erroneously. Additionally, we prompted participants' expectancy in some trials. Using linear mixed model analyses, we found that for low empathy participants, expectations for the false-belief condition decreased throughout the experiment, so that expectations were more pronounced in participants with higher empathy toward the end of the experiment. We also found that single trial expectancy measures derived from regression models of the measured expectancies predicted the amplitude of the frontocentral negative ERP component, and that neither the addition of empathy nor accuracy or trial type (true- or false-belief) led to the explanation of significantly more variance compared with the model just containing expectancy as predictor. These results suggest that empathy modulates the processing of observed responses indirectly via its effect on expectancy of the response., (© 2021 The Authors. Psychophysiology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society for Psychophysiological Research.)
- Published
- 2021
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47. Asymmetric coupling of action and outcome valence in active and observational feedback learning.
- Author
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Peterburs J, Frieling A, and Bellebaum C
- Subjects
- Adult, Bias, Feedback, Humans, Male, Observation, Young Adult, Decision Making physiology, Feedback, Psychological physiology, Inhibition, Psychological, Learning physiology, Reward
- Abstract
Learning to execute a response to obtain a reward or to inhibit a response to avoid punishment is much easier than learning the reverse, which has been referred to as "Pavlovian" biases. Despite a growing body of research into similarities and differences between active and observational learning, it is as yet unclear if Pavlovian learning biases are specific for active task performance, i.e., learning from feedback provided for one's own actions, or if they persist also when learning by observing another person's actions and subsequent outcomes. The present study, therefore, investigated the influence of action and outcome valence in active and observational feedback learning. Healthy adult volunteers completed a go/nogo task that decoupled outcome valence (win/loss) and action (execution/inhibition) either actively or by observing a virtual co-player's responses and subsequent feedback. Moreover, in a more naturalistic follow-up experiment, pairs of subjects were tested with the same task, with one subject as active learner and the other as observational learner. The results revealed Pavlovian learning biases both in active and in observational learning, with learning of go responses facilitated in the context of reward obtainment, and learning of nogo responses facilitated in the context of loss avoidance. Although the neural correlates of active and observational feedback learning have been shown to differ to some extent, these findings suggest similar mechanisms to underlie both types of learning with respect to the influence of Pavlovian biases. Moreover, performance levels and result patterns were similar in those observational learners who had observed a virtual co-player and those who had completed the task together with an active learner, suggesting that inclusion of a virtual co-player in a computerized task provides an effective manipulation of agency.
- Published
- 2021
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48. Illusion of control affects ERP amplitude reductions for auditory outcomes of self-generated actions.
- Author
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Seidel A, Ghio M, Studer B, and Bellebaum C
- Subjects
- Acoustic Stimulation, Adult, Electroencephalography, Female, Humans, Male, Young Adult, Evoked Potentials, Auditory physiology, Illusions, Internal-External Control
- Abstract
The reduction of neural responses to self-generated stimuli compared to external stimuli is thought to result from the matching of motor-based sensory predictions and sensory reafferences and to serve the identification of changes in the environment as caused by oneself. The amplitude of the auditory event-related potential (ERP) component N1 seems to closely reflect this matching process, while the later positive component (P2/ P3a) has been associated with judgments of agency, which are also sensitive to contextual top-down information. In this study, we examined the effect of perceived control over sound production on the processing of self-generated and external stimuli, as reflected in these components. We used a new version of a classic two-button choice task to induce different degrees of the illusion of control (IoC) and recorded ERPs for the processing of self-generated and external sounds in a subsequent task. N1 amplitudes were reduced for self-generated compared to external sounds, but not significantly affected by IoC. P2/3a amplitudes were affected by IoC: We found reduced P2/3a amplitudes after a high compared to a low IoC induction training, but only for self-generated, not for external sounds. These findings suggest that prior contextual belief information induced by an IoC affects later processing as reflected in the P2/P3a, possibly for the formation of agency judgments, while early processing reflecting motor-based predictions is not affected., (© 2021 The Authors. Psychophysiology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society for Psychophysiological Research.)
- Published
- 2021
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49. Similarities and Differences between Performers and Observers in Processing Auditory Action Consequences: Evidence from Simultaneous EEG Acquisition.
- Author
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Ghio M, Egan S, and Bellebaum C
- Subjects
- Acoustic Stimulation, Electroencephalography, Evoked Potentials, Humans, Auditory Perception, Evoked Potentials, Auditory
- Abstract
In our social environment, we easily distinguish stimuli caused by our own actions (e.g., water splashing when I fill my glass) from stimuli that have an external source (e.g., water splashing in a fountain). Accumulating evidence suggests that processing the auditory consequences of self-performed actions elicits N1 and P2 ERPs of reduced amplitude compared to physically identical but externally generated sounds, with such reductions being ascribed to neural predictive mechanisms. It is unexplored, however, whether the sensory processing of action outcomes is similarly modulated by action observation (e.g., water splashing when I observe you filling my glass). We tested 40 healthy participants by applying a methodological approach for the simultaneous EEG recording of two persons: An observer observed button presses executed by a performer in real time. For the performers, we replicated previous findings of a reduced N1 amplitude for self- versus externally generated sounds. This pattern differed significantly from the one in observers, whose N1 for sounds generated by observed button presses was not attenuated. In turn, the P2 amplitude was reduced for processing action- versus externally generated sounds for both performers and observers. These findings show that both action performance and observation affect the processing of action-generated sounds. There are, however, important differences between the two in the timing of the effects, probably related to differences in the predictability of the actions and thus also the associated stimuli. We discuss how these differences might contribute to recognizing the stimulus as caused by self versus others.
- Published
- 2021
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50. Corroborating behavioral evidence for the interplay of representational richness and semantic control in semantic word processing.
- Author
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Bechtold L, Bellebaum C, Hoffman P, and Ghio M
- Abstract
This study aimed to replicate and validate concreteness and context effects on semantic word processing. In Experiment 1, we replicated the behavioral findings of Hoffman et al. (Cortex 63,250-266, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2014.09.001 , 2015) by applying their cueing paradigm with their original stimuli translated into German. We found concreteness and contextual cues to facilitate word processing in a semantic judgment task with 55 healthy adults. The two factors interacted in their effect on reaction times: abstract word processing profited more strongly from a contextual cue, while the concrete words' processing advantage was reduced but still present. For accuracy, the descriptive pattern of results suggested an interaction, which was, however, not significant. In Experiment 2, we reformulated the contextual cues to avoid repetition of the to-be-processed word. In 83 healthy adults, the same pattern of results emerged, further validating the findings. Our corroborating evidence supports theories integrating representational richness and semantic control mechanisms as complementary mechanisms in semantic word processing.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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