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In the historical catalog published by the SSN, discrepancies have been detected in the depths and magnitudes of ancient earthquakes with epicenters in Mexico City and the State of Mexico; in most cases, due to wrong velocity models used to calculate the hypocenter of these earthquakes (mainly those recorded before 2010). Recently, structure models have been estimated for some areas of Mexico City, which has allowed for a more reliable depth calculation. Regarding the magnitudes, several earthquakes were reported with a few readings, allowing for a misdetermination of magnitude value. In this research, we made a careful relocation of these events, and the magnitude previously calculated was also corroborated with the determination of the seismic moment magnitude; additionally, for the events meeting requirements such as being of magnitudes greater than 2.5 and recorded in more than five stations, we obtained focal mechanisms through several techniques such as Focmec, Fpfit, and Hash, all of them inside the Seisan package. In addition, the inversion was performed using the ISOLA method, which occurred between 2010-2021., The 28th IUGG General Assembly (IUGG2023) (Berlin 2023)

The research was conducted to assess the adoption of small-scale irrigation technologies for vegetable production by farmers in Nasarawa State. A multi-stage random sampling techniques was adopted on selecting three (3) local government each from the three agricultural zones in the state namely; Nasarawa North, Nasarawa south and Nasarawa west to give a total number of nine (9) local government that was used for the study, from each of the nine (9) selected local government, fifteen (15) small-scale farmers were randomly selected to give a total number of one hundred and thirty five (135) respondents that was used for the study. Data were collected and analyzed using simple descriptive statistics such a frequency count, mean score, percentage score and standard deviation to satisfied all the objectives. Instrument for data collection was administered through a well structured questionnaire and oral interview. The instrument cover all the objectives of the study. The major findings revealed that majority of the respondents (63%) were full-time farmers while (37%) were engaged in other forms of occupation. The result also indicate that majority (41%) of the respondents fall within the ages of 21 – 30yrs (30%) falls within the ages of 31 – 40yrs (15%) falls within 1 – 20yrs and (7.4%) falls within 51 and above. The findings revealed that (66%) of the respondents are male while (34%) are female. The result also shows that (70%) of the respondents are married while (37%) are single. The findings revealed that majority (46.66%) of the respondents uses stream as the source of water supply (27%) uses dams and (19%) uses rivers (7.40%) uses canals.

The research was designed to examine the profitability analysis of beniseed (Sesame) production in Lafia Local Government. Data collected was analysed using simple descriptive statistics such as mean, frequency count, percentage and gross margin analysis to satisfy all the objectives. From the data collected, it was deduced that majority of the respondents 94.2% that engaged in sesame production are male. Also, most of the respondents 37.5% are married men and women who participated in the production of beniseed in order to carter for their family needs. Most of the respondents have one form of education or the other but majorities of them 33.8% have primary education predominantly, people who engaged in the production of beniseed in the study area are the small-scale farmers. Most of the respondents have an average number of family 3 – 4 per household. Most of the respondents spend only few number of years 3 – 5 years in beniseed production, 66.67% of the respondents being small-scale farmers make use of their family as a source of labour. In terms of extension awareness, 70.8% of the respondents are aware of extension services while only few number 29.2% are not. In terms of access to credit facilities majority of the respondents 65.0% have no access to credit while only scanty number 35.0% have access to credit facilities majority of the respondents 46.7% have problem of inadequate fund as a source of capital.

The research was conducted to assess the adoption of small-scale irrigation technologies for vegetable production by farmers in Nasarawa State. A multi-stage random sampling techniques was adopted on selecting three (3) local government each from the three agricultural zones in the state namely; Nasarawa North, Nasarawa south and Nasarawa west to give a total number of nine (9) local government that was used for the study, from each of the nine (9) selected local government, fifteen (15) small-scale farmers were randomly selected to give a total number of one hundred and thirty five (135) respondents that was used for the study. Data were collected and analyzed using simple descriptive statistics such a frequency count, mean score, percentage score and standard deviation to satisfy all the objectives. Instrument for data collection was administered through a well structured questionnaire and oral interview. The instrument covered all the objectives of the study. The major findings revealed that majority of the respondents (63%) were full-time farmers while (37%) were engaged in other forms of occupation. The result also indicate that majority (41%) of the respondents fall within the ages of 21 – 30yrs (30%) falls within the ages of 31 – 40yrs (15%) falls within 1 – 20yrs and (7.4%) falls within 51 and above. The findings revealed that (66%) of the respondents are male while (34%) are female. The result also shows that (70%) of the respondents are married while (37%) are single. The findings revealed that majority (46.66%) of the respondent’s uses stream as the source of water supply (27%) uses dams and (19%) uses rivers (7.40%) uses canals.

Background: Temporal variability in time and space is known to shape the distribution of organisms, their interactions and adaptations . In Nigeria, Southwest region in particular, studies investigating patterns in phytomacrofauna attributes are scarce.Objectives: This study reports the temporal patterns in biomass, density and diversity of phytomacrofauna community in a two-arm lagoon, Southwest, Nigeria.Methods: Monthly samples collected for seven consecutive times at eight sampling locations were used for this investigation.Results: Of all the physico-chemical variables investigated only salinity was significantly different (ANOVA, F = 5.33, p < 0.05) among sampling months. There was a significant difference in the biomass (ANOVA, F = 2.983, p < 0.05) recorded for the sampling months. Monthly biomass varied between 552 and 2976 gm-2, with November and January recording the lowest and highest values respectively. Of the three phytomacrofauna phyla (Mollusca, Arthropoda, Annelida) collected, mollusca recorded the highest (3548 gm-2) biomass during the study period. Monthly density varied between 960 and 5810 ind/m2 with May and February recording the lowest and highest values respectively. There was no significant difference in the monthly density (ANOVA, F = 0.485, p > 0.05) of phytomacrofauna. The phylum arthropoda recorded the highest (15000 ind/m2) density among the three phyla collected. Temporal variation in density of phytomacrofauna was similar to the pattern displayed by biomass. The month of May supported the highest phytomacrofauna diversity and species richness.Conclusion: Overall pattern displayed in the results suggests an overwhelming influence of temporal changes in environmental conditions on the phytomacrofauna variables. Keywords:Phytomacrofauna, biomass, diversity, physico-chemistry, lagoon

Marianne B Ariganello,1,* Dainelys Guadarrama Bello,1,* Alejandra Rodriguez-Contreras,1 Shayan Sadeghi,1 Gaetano Isola,1 Fabio Variola,2,3 Antonio Nanci1,4 1Laboratory for the Study of Calcified Tissues and Biomaterials, Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; 3Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; 4Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada *These authors contributed equally to this work Background: Nanoscale surface modifications are widely touted to improve the biocompatibility of medically relevant materials. Immune cells, such as macrophages, play a critical role in the initial healing events following implantation. Methods: To understand the response of macrophages to nanotopography better, we exposed U937-derived macrophages to a distinctive mesoporous titanium surface (TiNano) produced by a process of simple chemical nanocavitation, and to mechanically polished titanium (TiPolished) and glass coverslip (Glass) surfaces as controls. Cell numbers and morphology were evaluated. Osteopontin expression and that of the proinflammatory SPARC protein and its stabilin 1 receptor were analyzed. Release of inflammation-associated cytokines and chemokines was also measured. Results: Compared to the two control surfaces, there were fewer U937 cells on TiNano, and these exhibited a more rounded morphology with long filopodia. The cells showed areas of punctate actin distribution, indicating formation of podosomes. Of the three proteins examined, only osteopontin’s immunofluorescence signal was clearly reduced. Irrespective of the substrate, the cytokine assay revealed important variations in expression levels of the multiple molecules analyzed and downregulation in a number of chemokines by the TiNano surface. Conclusion: These results indicate that macrophages sense and respond to the physicochemical cueing generated by the nanocavitated surface, triggering cellular and molecular changes consistent with lesser inflammatory propensity. Given the previously reported beneficial outcome of this mesoporous surface on osteogenic activity, it could be presumed that modulation of the macrophagic response it elicits may also contribute to initial bone-integration events. Keywords: nanotopography, inflammation, osteopontin, SPARC, stabilin 1, cytokines

Vegetables play a very important role in rural and urban communities as both food and a business opportunity. They are fast-growing species, with high nutritional values and able to generate income in a relatively short period compared to other crops. A characterization of market gardening systems was carried out with 368 producers from major market gardening sites in South-Kivu, in Easten of the RD Congo.The aim pursued was to assess existing systems and perspectives to enable steady transition to integrated, sustainable and resilient crop systems. The results showed that very few producers in the region practice plant integration. The typology carried out made it possible to identify three classes of market gardening farms based on adopted agronomic practices, production factors and possible outcomes derived from different systems. Most of the surveyed farms practice crop rotation and are market-oriented. However, they majorly differ in terms of farm size, practices of intercropping, permanent agriculture, mulching, production constraints and producer’s perception on the level of production. For instance, producers who are much more into intercropping also cultivate small areas (less than 0.25 ha). Results also showed that variables such as type of labour, cropping system, type of fertilizer used, mulching practice, adoption of permanent agriculture, producer’s perception of the level of soil fertility, and the water source used affect producer’s appreciation of the level of production obtained (p < 0.05). These variables can be mobilized for improvement of the market gardening system towards more sustainable, diversified and resilient systems.