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2. Experimental Investigation of a H 2 O 2 Hybrid Rocket with Different Swirl Injections and Fuels.

Author

Stella, Manuel, Zeni, Lucia, Nichelini, Luca, Bellomo, Nicolas, Pavarin, Daniele, Migliorino, Mario Tindaro, Fabiani, Marco, Bianchi, Daniele, Nasuti, Francesco, Paravan, Christian, Galfetti, Luciano, Cretella, Attilio, Pellegrini, Rocco Carmine, Cavallini, Enrico, and Barato, Francesco

Subjects
ROCKETS (Aeronautics), LAUNCH vehicles (Astronautics), PARAFFIN wax
Abstract

Hybrid rockets have very interesting characteristics like simplicity, reliability, safety, thrust modulation, environmental friendliness and lower costs, which make them very attractive for several applications like sounding rockets, small launch vehicles, upper stages, hypersonic test-beds and planetary landers. In recent years, advancements have been made to increase hybrid motor performance, and two of the most promising solutions are vortex injection and paraffin-based fuels. Moreover, both technologies can be also used to tailor the fuel regression rate, in the first case varying the swirl intensity, and in the second case with the amount and type of additives. In this way, it is possible not only to design high-performing hybrid motors, but also to adjust their grain and chamber geometries to different mission requirements, particularly regarding thrust and burning time. In this paper, the knowledge about these two technical solutions and their coupling is extended. Three sets of experimental campaigns were performed in the frame of the Italian Space Agency-sponsored PHAEDRA program. The first one investigated a reference paraffin fuel with axial and standard vortex injection. The second campaign tested vortex injection with low values of swirl numbers down to 0.5 with a conventional plastic fuel, namely polyethylene. Finally, the last campaign tested another, lower regressing, paraffin-based fuel with the same low swirl numbers as the second campaign. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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3. REMOTE PLASMA CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION FOR GAS DIFFUSION LAYER AND PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANE SYNTHESIS FOR FUEL CELLS

Author

Luxembourg Institute of Science & Technology - LIST [research center], Bellomo, Nicolas, Luxembourg Institute of Science & Technology - LIST [research center], and Bellomo, Nicolas

Abstract

Climate change due to the increase in GHG emissions and energy crisis due to scarcity of fossil fuel availability are an ever growing issue for the planet and countries. The decarbonization and the sustainability of the energy sector is one of the top priority to achieve a resilient system. Hydrogen has been considered for decades to be used as an alternative for fossil fuel and now is the time of development for an hydrogen based economy. Fuel cells are devices that convert the hydrogen chemical energy into electrical energy and is one the main component considered for the hydrogen economy. However, much is yet to be achieved to make their manufacturing as cheap and as efficient as possible. Chemical vapour deposition (CVD) is a technique used to synthesize solid materials from gaseous precursors which has the advantages, over wet chemistry, to reduce wastes of production, to be cheap, to make pure solid materials and to be easily scalable. In this thesis we investigated the possibility to use CVD to produce two major components of fuel cells, namely the gas diffusion layer and the proton exchange membrane. The results were highly promising regarding the elaboration of gas diffusion layers and a CVD prototype was assembled to make the highly complex copolymerization of proton exchange membrane a reality with promising initial results.

Published
2023

4. REMOTE PLASMA CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION FOR GAS DIFFUSION LAYER AND PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANE SYNTHESIS FOR FUEL CELLS

Author

Bellomo, Nicolas, Luxembourg Institute of Science & Technology - LIST [research center], Michel, Marc [superviser], Michels, Andreas [president of the jury], Ball, Vincent [member of the jury], Roualdès-Boutevin, Stéphanie [member of the jury], Polesel, Jerome [member of the jury], and Leturcq, Renaud [member of the jury]

Subjects
Remote plasma, Chemistry [G01] [Physical, chemical, mathematical & earth Sciences], Chimie [G01] [Physique, chimie, mathématiques & sciences de la terre], fuel cells, Gas diffusion layer, proton exchange membrane
Abstract

Climate change due to the increase in GHG emissions and energy crisis due to scarcity of fossil fuel availability are an ever growing issue for the planet and countries. The decarbonization and the sustainability of the energy sector is one of the top priority to achieve a resilient system. Hydrogen has been considered for decades to be used as an alternative for fossil fuel and now is the time of development for an hydrogen based economy. Fuel cells are devices that convert the hydrogen chemical energy into electrical energy and is one the main component considered for the hydrogen economy. However, much is yet to be achieved to make their manufacturing as cheap and as efficient as possible. Chemical vapour deposition (CVD) is a technique used to synthesize solid materials from gaseous precursors which has the advantages, over wet chemistry, to reduce wastes of production, to be cheap, to make pure solid materials and to be easily scalable. In this thesis we investigated the possibility to use CVD to produce two major components of fuel cells, namely the gas diffusion layer and the proton exchange membrane. The results were highly promising regarding the elaboration of gas diffusion layers and a CVD prototype was assembled to make the highly complex copolymerization of proton exchange membrane a reality with promising initial results.

Published
2023

9. REGULUS CubeSat Propulsion System: In-Orbit Operations

Author

Bellomo, Nicolas, Milza, Fabiana, Toson, Elena, Pavarin, Daniele, Duzzi, Matteo, Manente, Marco, Trezzolani, Fabio, Mantellato, Riccardo, Minute, M., and Scalzi, D.

Subjects
operation, satellite, propulsion, REGULUS CubeSat, in-orbit
Abstract

A robust, versatile, and cost-effective propulsion system to provide wide mobility to small satellite platforms and nanosatellite deployers. A Plug&Play propulsion system designed to be easily integrated into different satellite platforms and to match customer's requirements, with minimal customization efforts and costs.

Published
2021

10. UNISAT-7: A Flexible IOD Platform with Orbital Maneuvering Capabilities

Author

Di Roberto, Riccardo, Sparvieri, Nicola, Graziani, Filippo, Bellomo, Nicolas, Pavarin, Daniele, Toson, Elena, and Milza, Fabiana

Subjects
IOD, UNISAT-7, GAUSS, REGULUS
Abstract

New Space technology for Small Satellites has greatly advanced in the past five years. These progresses shall match with a swift integration and testing phase, to be readily marketable, therefore IOD missions are essential to expedite project outcomes. GAUSS has started working on Small Satellites since 1990s, with its first satellite, UNISAT, launched in 2000. In 2013, UNISAT-5 was the first platform to accomplish in-orbit-release of third-party satellites, with UNISAT-6 following in less than one year. UNISAT-7 is the latest addition to the UNISAT series: a 32kg microsatellite designed and manufactured by GAUSS Srl (a spin-off company of Scuola di Ingegneria Aerospaziale, Sapienza University of Roma), built from scratch thanks to the extensive experience gained with past missions. Launch is scheduled in in Q1 2021. It is the most complex mission ever flown by GAUSS, and it includes several original GAUSS subsystems developed for Earth Observation, sat-to-ground optical links, navigation, power, RF, and Smallsat in-orbit-deployments. All these subsystems are tested in orbit in specific IOD missions. Moreover, UNISAT-7 integrates a precise ADCS solution and a newly developed low-thrust, electric propulsion system named REGULUS, from Italian Company Technology for Propulsion and Innovation (T4i), which will allow the satellite to modify its final orbit, as well as to execute housekeeping maneuvers for drag compensation. REGULUS is a propulsive unit based on MEPT (Magnetically Enhanced Plasma Thruster) technology developed inside the propulsion laboratory of the University of Padua. T4i, born as a Spin-off of the University of Padua, industrialized this technology in order to make it fly. REGULUS is T4i very first product that has ever flown into space. Its envelope is 1.5 U of volume, it is equipped with solid iodine propellant and its main features are a thrust level of 0.55 mN and Isp of 550 s at 50 W of input power, and wet mass of 2.5 kg at 3000 Ns of Itot. REGULUS is designed to serve nanosatellite platforms from 6U to 24U and CubeSat carriers. The integration took place in GAUSS white chamber in Rome in late 2020 and the launch is scheduled in March 2021 from Baikonur as a secondary payload of Soyuz-2-1a/Fregat. Performances of REGULUS propulsion system are evaluated after the initial commissioning of UNISAT-7. This key IOD mission paves the way to next UNISAT programs, where GAUSS microsatellites will be able to execute orbital maneuvers before any single CubeSat deployment, in order to efficiently shape customized constellations by using UNISATs as autonomous vehicles for in-orbit-deployment. Provide an informative abstract of no more than 500 words. The abstract should stand alone as a summary of the paper, not as an introduction (i.e., no numerical references). Type the abstract across both columns and fully justified.

Published
2021

12. Design and In-orbit Demonstration of REGULUS, an Iodine electric propulsion system

Author

Bellomo, Nicolas, primary, Magarotto, Mirko, additional, Manente, Marco, additional, Trezzolani, Fabio, additional, Mantellato, Riccardo, additional, Cappellini, Lorenzo, additional, Paulon, Devis, additional, Selmo, Antonio, additional, Scalzi, Davide, additional, Minute, Marco, additional, Duzzi, Matteo, additional, Barbato, Alessandro, additional, Schiavon, Alessandro, additional, Di Fede, Simone, additional, Souhair, Nabil, additional, De Carlo, Paola, additional, Barato, Francesco, additional, Milza, Fabiana, additional, Toson, Elena, additional, and Pavarin, Daniele, additional

Published
2021
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13. REGULUS Iodine Electric Propulsion System Integration in CubeSats’ Platforms and Testing

Author

Bellomo, Nicolas, Toson, Elena, Manente, Marco, Trezzolani, Fabio, Selmo, Antonio, Mantellato, Riccardo, Cappellini, Lorenzo, Duzzi, Matteo, and Pavarin, Daniele

Subjects
CubeSat, system integration, iodine electric propulsion, testing, REGULUS
Abstract

REGULUS is an electric propulsion (EP) system for CubeSats at TRL8 and now waiting for the IoD flight in late 2020. REGULUS system is provided for integration with all electronics, fluidic line, iodine tank and structures for total mass below 3 kg. Thanks in particular to the Magnetically Enhanced RF Plasma Thruster (MEPT) technology and the use of iodine propellant, the system can provide 3000Ns of total impulse in a 93.8 x 95.0 x 150.0 mm volume performance, fitting in a 1.5U Cubesat. REGULUS includes the whole propulsion package for integration in CubeSats and MicroSats as well as small CubeSat carriers. The system is composed by the thruster, the electronics (PPUs and PCU) the fluidic line and the tank. The main features of REGULUS are the presence of a simple architecture, a thruster with no neutralizer and grids, no high DC-voltage PPU and the use of solid iodine as propellant, that can be substituted with Xenon fluidic line and tank when required. Its first mission will be onboard of Unisat-7 by GAUSS. The flight will take place in late 2020 in a Soyuz flight. During the mission, REGULUS will allow Unisat-7 to perform an orbit descending maneuver, drag compensation in VLEO and decommissioning.

Published
2020

27. In Line with Online Classes: Are Online Classes Worth a Student's Time?

Author

Bellomo, Nicolas

Subjects
Online education, Distance education, Time management, News, opinion and commentary, Sports and fitness
Abstract

Byline: Nicolas Bellomo With students currently registering for spring 2016 semester classes, the question of whether or not to take online classes pops into most student's minds. 'Online courses offer [...]

Published
2015

28. Cultural Diversity Through Film: 'Passione' - A Review

Author

Bellomo, Nicolas

Subjects
Multiculturalism, Family, News, opinion and commentary, Sports and fitness
Abstract

Byline: Nicolas Bellomo The Italian Club in conjunction with the Gateway Center Monthly Film Series had a showing of an Italian Cultural Film, Passione, directed by John Turturro. The movie [...]

Published
2015

34. SPONGE: a Sounding Rocket Experiment for PMDs

Author

Lazzarin, Marta, primary, Bellomo, Nicolas, additional, Barato, Francesco, additional, Paulon, Devis, additional, Rondini, Davide, additional, Moretto, Federico, additional, Selmo, A., additional, Bettella, A., additional, and Pavarin, D., additional

Published
2012
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41. REGULUS: Know-How Acquired on Iodine Propellant

Author

Manente, Marco, Trezzolani, Fabio, Mantellato, Riccardo, Scalzi, Davide, Alessandro, Schiavon, Cappellini, Lorenzo, FRANCESCO BARATO, Bellomo, Nicolas, Gloder, Alessia, Elena, Toson, Marco Minute, Davide, Vallisari, mirko magarotto, and daniele pavarin

42. E-REGULUS: development of a 150 W prototype of magnetically enhanced plasma thruster

Author

Matteo Duzzi, Manente, Marco, Fabio TREZZOLANI, Bellomo, Nicolas, Barbato, Alessandro, Cappellini, Lorenzo, Marco Minute, Mantellato, Riccardo, mirko magarotto, Devis, Paulon, Alessandro, Schiavon, Scalzi, Davide, Selmo, Antonio Franco, Elena, Toson, Fabiana, Milza, Luca, Bianchi, Davina Maria Di Cara, and daniele pavarin

43. REGULUS: Iodine Fed Plasma Propulsion System for Small Satellites

Author

Manente, Marco, Trezzolani, Fabio, Mantellato, Riccardo, Scalzi, Davide, Alessandro, Schiavon, Souhair, Nabil, Matteo Duzzi, FRANCESCO BARATO, Cappellini, Lorenzo, Barbato, Alessandro, Devis, Paulon, Selmo, Antonio Franco, Bellomo, Nicolas, Gloder, Alessia, Elena, Toson, Marco Minute, mirko magarotto, and daniele pavarin

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