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Ports represent a key element in the maritime transportation chain. Larger vessels and higher traffic volumes in ports might result in higher risks at the navigational level. Thus, the dire need for a comprehensive and efficient risk assessment method for ports is felt. Many methodologies have been proposed so far, but their application to aggregated vessel traffic risks for the overall assessment of ports is not developed yet. Hence, the development of an approach for the appraisal of the vessel traffic risks is still a challenging issue. This research aims to develop an assessment methodology to appraise the potential risk of accident occurrence in port areas at an aggregated level by creating a ‘Nautical Port Risk Index’ (NPRI). After identifying the main nautical risks in ports, the Analytic Network Process (ANP) is used to derive the risk perception (RP) weights for each criterion from data collected through surveys to expert navigators. The consequences related to each nautical risk are identified in consultation with risk experts. By combining the RP values and the consequence of each criterion for a time period, the NPRI is calculated. The risks in the Port of Rotterdam are presented in a case study, and the method has been validated by checking the results with experts in assessing nautical port risks from the Port of Rotterdam Authority. This method can be used to assess any new port design, the performance of different vessel traffic management measures, changes in the fleet composition, or existent ports using the Automatic Identification System (AIS) data., Transport and Planning, Rivers, Ports, Waterways and Dredging Engineering, Transport and Planning

The maritime transportation growth leads to more intensively used waterways, especially in ports. Since the capacity of an intersection of waterways becomes more important, this research presents a new method to estimate this capacity. Based on an analogy between roads and waterways, the conflict technique is applied to an intersection of waterways. The vessel flows in each direction and their conflicting movements are input for the capacity calculation. The generic method can be applied to any intersection, considering the conflicts between the different streams in the intersection and the flows inferred from empirical data or from predictions. The applicability of the method is shown with two case studies, based on data from the Port of Rotterdam. After using the proposed method, we compare the real flows with the estimated ones to assess the capacity estimates. This method can improve traffic management strategies, traffic rules in waterway intersections or port designs., Transport and Planning, Rivers, Ports, Waterways and Dredging Engineering, Transport and Planning

Ports represent a key element in the maritime transportation chain. Larger vessels and higher traffic volumes in ports might result in higher risks at the navigational level. Thus, the dire need for a comprehensive and efficient risk assessment method for ports is felt. Many methodologies have been proposed so far, but their application to aggregated vessel traffic risks for the overall assessment of ports is not developed yet. Hence, the development of an approach for the appraisal of the vessel traffic risks is still a challenging issue. This research aims to develop an assessment methodology to appraise the potential risk of accident occurrence in port areas at an aggregated level by creating a ‘Nautical Port Risk Index’ (NPRI). After identifying the main nautical risks in ports, the Analytic Network Process (ANP) is used to derive the risk perception (RP) weights for each criterion from data collected through surveys to expert navigators. The consequences related to each nautical risk are identified in consultation with risk experts. By combining the RP values and the consequence of each criterion for a time period, the NPRI is calculated. The risks in the Port of Rotterdam are presented in a case study, and the method has been validated by checking the results with experts in assessing nautical port risks from the Port of Rotterdam Authority. This method can be used to assess any new port design, the performance of different vessel traffic management measures, changes in the fleet composition, or existent ports using the Automatic Identification System (AIS) data., Transport and Planning, Rivers, Ports, Waterways and Dredging Engineering, Transport and Planning

The maritime transportation growth leads to more intensively used waterways, especially in ports. Since the capacity of an intersection of waterways becomes more important, this research presents a new method to estimate this capacity. Based on an analogy between roads and waterways, the conflict technique is applied to an intersection of waterways. The vessel flows in each direction and their conflicting movements are input for the capacity calculation. The generic method can be applied to any intersection, considering the conflicts between the different streams in the intersection and the flows inferred from empirical data or from predictions. The applicability of the method is shown with two case studies, based on data from the Port of Rotterdam. After using the proposed method, we compare the real flows with the estimated ones to assess the capacity estimates. This method can improve traffic management strategies, traffic rules in waterway intersections or port designs., Transport and Planning, Rivers, Ports, Waterways and Dredging Engineering, Transport and Planning

With ongoing trade globalization, waterborne cargo transportation has notably grown in recent years. Due to the growth in ship sizes, with lower manoeuvrability, and higher flows, the safety in these confined areas needs to be guaranteed. Nautical traffic operations in ports are now impacted by more data availability and the disruption of automation processes, and port stakeholders need to adapt to these changes., Rivers, Ports, Waterways and Dredging Engineering, Transport and Planning

Vessel traffic in ports is a key issue due to the high increase in vessel flows that lead to busier waterways. This dissertation presents novel methodologies to assess vessel traffic in ports based on capacity and risk independently and jointly. These methodologies have been applied to case studies using simulation models and AIS data. They provide a framework to support decision makers when assessing new infrastructure designs, expansions or changes in the vessel traffic management strategies., TRAIL Thesis Series no. T2018/11, the Netherlands TRAIL Research School, Transport and Planning

Ports play an increasingly important role in the freight transportation chain due to containerization. High vessel flows and higher densities increase the relevance of the non-terminal related processes. Several simulation models have been developed in the recent decades with different goals, but their abilities to represent realistic vessel traffic in ports differ. In this paper, we identify the main navigational processes and operations related to the port nautical infrastructure, and review and assess the current port simulation models. This survey represents an exhaustive review of the state-of-the-art of simulation models for port assessment purposes focussing on safety and capacity. The model assessment focuses on the identification of the relevant criteria to represent vessel navigation, based on which processes are covered by each model and how they have been considered in each model. The assessment covers the nautical infrastructure representation and the navigational behaviour. The outcome of this review will be used for the development of a simulation based port assessment methodology. Future port simulation models should include the suitable criteria for a more realistic traffic representation that allows a proper safety and capacity port analysis and assessment., Transport and Planning, Rivers, Ports, Waterways and Dredging Engineering, Transport and Planning

Vessel traffic in ports is a key issue due to the high increase in vessel flows that lead to busier waterways. This dissertation presents novel methodologies to assess vessel traffic in ports based on capacity and risk independently and jointly. These methodologies have been applied to case studies using simulation models and AIS data. They provide a framework to support decision makers when assessing new infrastructure designs, expansions or changes in the vessel traffic management strategies., TRAIL Thesis Series no. T2018/11, the Netherlands TRAIL Research School, Transport and Planning

Ports play an increasingly important role in the freight transportation chain due to containerization. High vessel flows and higher densities increase the relevance of the non-terminal related processes. Several simulation models have been developed in the recent decades with different goals, but their abilities to represent realistic vessel traffic in ports differ. In this paper, we identify the main navigational processes and operations related to the port nautical infrastructure, and review and assess the current port simulation models. This survey represents an exhaustive review of the state-of-the-art of simulation models for port assessment purposes focussing on safety and capacity. The model assessment focuses on the identification of the relevant criteria to represent vessel navigation, based on which processes are covered by each model and how they have been considered in each model. The assessment covers the nautical infrastructure representation and the navigational behaviour. The outcome of this review will be used for the development of a simulation based port assessment methodology. Future port simulation models should include the suitable criteria for a more realistic traffic representation that allows a proper safety and capacity port analysis and assessment., Transport and Planning, Rivers, Ports, Waterways and Dredging Engineering, Transport and Planning

With ongoing trade globalization, waterborne cargo transportation has notably grown in recent years. Due to the growth in ship sizes, with lower manoeuvrability, and higher flows, the safety in these confined areas needs to be guaranteed. Nautical traffic operations in ports are now impacted by more data availability and the disruption of automation processes, and port stakeholders need to adapt to these changes., Rivers, Ports, Waterways and Dredging Engineering, Transport and Planning

Port capacity is an essential parameter for the assessment of port performance. In the literature, there is no unanimous capacity definition, which depends on each research goal. Vessel traffic in ports and the corresponding port performance indicators have been analyzed with different simulation models, but they generally do not include a method for determining a port’s capacity. Guidelines or other studies using empirical data also have not addressed this important topic. The method developed in this paper estimates the port network traffic capacity (PNTC) by using vessel traffic data. The analysis and comparison of several indicators are used to identify meaningful relationships for estimating port capacity with generic applicability to any port design. The relation between the total number of trips in the port and the ratio of waiting time to service time seems to be the most suitable for identifying when the port reaches unstable flow situations, that is, when it reaches capacity. The method has been applied successfully in six scenarios with various berths, layouts, service times, vessel fleet types, and maneuvering times. Application of the method is useful during the port-planning phase, because with a few simulations, an indicative PNTC value for each design can be inferred, and thus, different scenarios can be compared., Transport and Planning, Rivers, Ports, Waterways and Dredging Engineering

Port capacity is an essential parameter for the assessment of port performance. In the literature, there is no unanimous capacity definition, which depends on each research goal. Vessel traffic in ports and the corresponding port performance indicators have been analyzed with different simulation models, but they generally do not include a method for determining a port’s capacity. Guidelines or other studies using empirical data also have not addressed this important topic. The method developed in this paper estimates the port network traffic capacity (PNTC) by using vessel traffic data. The analysis and comparison of several indicators are used to identify meaningful relationships for estimating port capacity with generic applicability to any port design. The relation between the total number of trips in the port and the ratio of waiting time to service time seems to be the most suitable for identifying when the port reaches unstable flow situations, that is, when it reaches capacity. The method has been applied successfully in six scenarios with various berths, layouts, service times, vessel fleet types, and maneuvering times. Application of the method is useful during the port-planning phase, because with a few simulations, an indicative PNTC value for each design can be inferred, and thus, different scenarios can be compared., Transport and Planning, Rivers, Ports, Waterways and Dredging Engineering

Port capacity is a relevant parameter to estimate the expected performance of a port facility. Many simulation models have been used to predict traffic in ports and waterways, but they do not include provisions for estimating the port’s capacity. The innovative method presented here determines a Port Network Traffic Capacity (PNTC) based on simulation. This method estimates PNTC given the configuration and processing characteristics of the port. It can be a useful tool to apply while designing ports, because only a limited number of simulations are required to estimate of the capacity of the infrastructure under consideration., Transport & Planning, Civil Engineering and Geosciences

Port capacity is a relevant parameter to estimate the expected performance of a port facility. Many simulation models have been used to predict traffic in ports and waterways, but they do not include provisions for estimating the port’s capacity. The innovative method presented here determines a Port Network Traffic Capacity (PNTC) based on simulation. This method estimates PNTC given the configuration and processing characteristics of the port. It can be a useful tool to apply while designing ports, because only a limited number of simulations are required to estimate of the capacity of the infrastructure under consideration., Transport & Planning, Civil Engineering and Geosciences