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The genetic analysis of the variants of HIV, type 1, circulating in the Altai Territory was made. The results obtained with the use of the serological analysis and the method of the comparative evaluation of the electrophoretic mobility of heteroduplexes demonstrated that almost all analyzed samples (98.3%) belonged to subtype A. Genetic differences between these viruses did not exceed 9.20%. Moreover, 86.8% of them contained mutation V771 in the protease-coding area. Thus, HIV of subtype A, characteristic of CIS countries and containing mutation V771, may be regarded as the dominating viruses in the Altai Territory and not the viruses of subtypes B, C or A/E, typical of comparatively less remote China.

The Altai Territory belongs at present to regions with the insignificant level of the spread of HIV infection. By December 1, 1999, the Altai Territory had 31 registered cases of HIV infection, which constituted 1.33 per 10,000 of the population (the corresponding figure for the whole of Russia being 14.92). But the situation with HIV/AIDS showed the general tendency to the development of the epidemic of HIV infection due to steady growth and the wide involvement of injecting drug users in the epidemic process. Before 1999 all cases of HIV infection registered in the Altai Territory were imported. Out of 31 HIV infected persons detected in the territory, 18 were injecting drug users. In 1999 local foci of HIV infection were formed among drug users in two big cities of the Altai Territory, which was indicative of the gradual transition of HIV infection from the phase of the registration of individual cases to the phase of the formation of local foci among some groups of the population.

The data on the first experience in the use of synthetic resolvable materials in plasty of the anterior abdominal wall in children are reported. Tissue glue compositions based on alpha-cyanoacrylates as well as connective biocompatible elements (CBE) developed at the SRIIMT were used. An aponeurotic suture-glue duplication was utilized for plastic enforcement of the anterior abdominal wall; individual methods were developed for each concrete localization of the defects. Operations were carried out on 201 children with congenital abnormality of the anterior abdominal wall: inguinal hernias, hernias of the linea alba, ventral hernias. Ninety-six (47.8%) children were examined in late postoperative periods of 2 to 9 years. Recurrences were not encountered. No inflammatory complications were found. It is concluded that the use of Russian synthetic resolvable materials for surgical treatment of pathological conditions of the abdominal wall in children is effective and safe.

Presents a histological picture of the time course of repair osteogenesis in replacement of bone tissue defects with implants made of 4 various copolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone. Demonstrates excellent morphofunctional qualities of newly formed tissue substrate and its maturity in replacement of bone tissue defects with implants of N-vinylpyrrolidone with butylmethacrylate.

The paper provides data on the properties of the powdery antimicrobial absorbent Ambipor and the procedure of its use in the prevention of postoperative suppuration, which consists in application of the powder to the wound surface with a broken layer just before wound suture. It shows that a single application of Ambipor to wound suture. It shows that a single application of Ambipor to wound tissues at the end of an operation ensures high paravulnar tissue antibiotic concentrations which are many times higher those used in conventional antibacterial therapy. Implantation of Ambipor to operative wound tissue at the end of an operation aids to reduce the extent microbial dissemination by more than 100-1000 times, to accelerate reparative processes, stimulate early fibroplast activation, fibrillogenesis, scarring tissue maturation. Topical antibacterial therapy with the developed formulations is an effective tool in preventing postoperative wound complications. Its application to clinical practice enables the incidence of complications to be decreased by more than 4.5 times higher than those in the controls.

The paper provides the functional characteristics and results of clinical application of implants based on N-vinylpyrrolidone-butylmethacrylate copolymer to eliminate mandibular bone defect. The implants are indicated to ensure reliable fixation and promote the formation of a valuable osseous regenerate due to their capacity to self-resolve and osteoconductivity. The application of the N-vinylpyrrolidone-butylmethacrylate copolymer-based implants substantially widens the scope of reconstructive surgery.

The paper provides the functional characteristics of and clinical findings of the employment of 4 pins for osteosynthesis from biocompatible polymers and shows that the pins ensure reliable fixation of bone fragments and due to their ability to resolve in the body they require no repeated operations for their extraction. The application of the polymer pins substantially widens the scopes for reconstructive operations, enables additional fixation to eliminate rotor mobility, additional fixation of bone fragments, allowing for combined osteosynthesis in fractures of the upper and lower thirds of bones. The employment of antimicrobial pins allows one to prevent postoperative suppurations in open fractures and to treat osteomyelitis. The developed material to fill bone defects with PPV ensures a rapid filling of osseous cavilities with its intrinsic osseous regenerates, recovery of normal osseous tissue in Perthes' disease, and fixation of endoprostheses. The author presents a procedure for applying a kit for replacement of skull defects and indicates that the material substitutes defects of various outlines and rapidly restores the strength characteristics of the skull.

Tissue response to the implanted iodine-containing thread and its antibacterial activity were studied in the experiment. When compared with the existing analogues, the thread studied, causes the lesser inflammatory response, has pronounced antimicrobial action and has no negative effect on the course of a wound process. Universality of antiseptic action of iodine creates wide possibilities for use of the threads in the surgical practice.

Examination was performed of 20 patients from 15 families with heterozygous deficiency of protein C (27-62% against the mean standard). Recurrent thromboses were seen in 17 of them. Thromboses of the lower veins, pulmonary artery thromboembolism, thromboses of the surface veins, those of cerebral vessels, myocardial infarction, of renal and mesenterial vessels were registered in 15, 5, 4, 3, 3, 1 and 1 patients, respectively. There was a tendency to recurrent thrombosis during pregnancy with high risk of spontaneous or induced abortions. The highest effect was produced with low-molecular heparin combined with transfusions of recently frozen plasma and introduction of disaggregating agents. Anabolic hormones were used to prevent thrombosis. The data are provided on a 4-fold increase in the prevalence of protein C deficiency in polythrombotic patients living in the West Siberia vs. deficiency of antithrombin III.

The experimental substantiation and clinical approbation of the absorbable antimicrobial threads "Capromed A" and "Caproiod" in the surgery of the extrahepatic bile-ducts were carried out. The complications caused by the use of suture material were not revealed. A high effectiveness of the "Caproiod" thread in the emergency surgery of the extrahepatic bile ducts was noted.

A single-row suturing of the incision on the uterus after cesarean section with separate muscular-muscular sutures by synthetic dissolving threads holds good promise. Such suturing helped optimize the reparative processes in the uterine cicatrix and reduce the incidence of postoperative pyoseptic complications. Kaproag, an antibacterial suture material made in this country, proved to be the best for the purpose.

A total of 429 patients with urinary tumors have been operated on in the past 10 years, 80 of them have been undergone cystectomy. Intestinal plasty of the urinary bladder was performed in 38 patients. These one-stage operations in 15 patients yielded a high postoperative mortality rate (33.3%). Two-stage surgeries in 23 patients largely reduced mortality (8.9%). The authors provide recommendations how to conduct the two-stage surgery and limited indications for one-stage interventions.

A new native synthetic absorbable antibacterial polyamide thread "Capromed DC" was used for liquidation of the abdominal wall defect in operation for postoperative recurrent hernia. The low incidence of complications caused by infection around the non-absorbable ligature was noted.

In the paper, apart from the results of clinical application of biocompatible polymeric fixatives, are presented the detailed characteristics of physical and mechanical properties of polymeric rods, indicated prospects for development of the following generations of biocompatible polymeric fixatives, exhibiting not only high strength but therapeutic activity as well due to incorporation of different medicinal substances as components of the polymeric base composition. The authors present detailed description of the combined osteosynthesis methods on a basis of use of biocompatible polymeric fixatives according to the fracture localization, period of time elapsed since the moment of trauma etc., analyze the remote results of the treatment.

In healthy volunteer donors, intranasal instillation of adiuretin-SD in doses of 0.0002-0.001 mg/kg a day provoked an increase of the activity VIII:WF in the plasma and acceleration of euglobulin lysis. Out of 15 patients suffering from Willebrand's disease, the activity of Willebrand's factor rose in 9 patients. Activated partial thromboplastic time became shorter in all the patients. In addition, acceleration of euglobulin lysis was noted. In view of that fact adiuretin was used later in combination with aminocaproic acid (0.2 g/kg a day). All the patients suffering from menorrhagias demonstrated the lowering of hemorrhagic diathesis. The data obtained allow recommending the use of adiuretin combined with aminocaproic acid in patients suffering from Willebrand's disease.

The work is devoted to operative treatment of children with repeated dislocations and ankyloses of the hip joint after operative treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip. The dura mater, demineralized allocups and polymer self-resolving film were used as interlayers. Best results were obtained in arthroplasty with using demineralized allocups, polymer self-resolving film or their combinations.

The antimicrobic polymer films were used in experiment and in operations on 56 patients for strengthening the line of intestinal sutures. Good results were obtained.

An endoprosthesis for the formation of the larynx lumen in the postoperative period has been developed. The possibility of using the endoprosthesis was proved experimentally. An experience with 112 operations on the larynx with this prosthesis for the prevention of postoperative complications and earlier social rehabilitation of such patients allowed it to be recommended for clinical practice.

The authors have used grafts for stabilization of the spine in 16 patients including 12 patients after anterior decompression of the spinal cord and in 4 patients with spondylodesis. The grafts were used in combination with osteoplasty with autografts taken after resection of the vertebral bodies. The osseous block took place on the average 4 weeks earlier as compared with auto--and allobone owing to the autografts. Biodestruction and substitution of the allograft by bone tissue went on without kyphosis formation on the operation level.

The properties of biocompatible orthopaedic polymer developed as an alternative to the metallic materials used in reconstructive bone surgery are discussed. Experiments were conducted to enhance the mechanical characteristics of the polymer by incorporation of various fibres. The result was a super biocompatible orthopaedic polymer which could be a valuable alternative to intra-medullary long bone metallic rods, whilst normal biocompatible orthopaedic polymer is currently used for bone filling and reconstructive surgery.

The paper provides technical characteristics of ESB biocompatible polymer connective elements (of polymethacrylate butyl) for internal organs. Problems of the changes of their physico-mechanical properties during experiments in model environments were discussed. Also results of medical and experimental studies of connective elements on animals, and of their biodestruction, were analyzed. Findings which could be used in clinical use of the connective elements in operating parenchymatous organs and in stomatology and traumatology are shown. On the basis of results obtained after 128 operations it was found that use of ESB connective elements ensures high reliability of haemostasis, and prevents unsealing, both physical and biological, of internal sutures and rules out any adhesion. Moreover it diminishes, in some cases even rules out, the possibility of post-operative complications.

Antibacterial threads "Kapromed DKh" were used in experiments and clinic for the formation of lung sutures in combination with the antimicrobial film ESBADKh with the cyanacrylate glue. The application of polymers exerts a positive effect upon the regeneration of the lung wound and reduces the frequency of postoperative complications associated with the disturbed hermetic property of the suture and the development of the inflammatory process.

In the work, the experimental substantiation and results of clinical approbation++ of the new Capromed DC antibacterial polymeric threads are given. It was established that the threads had no negative effect on reparative processes, created local concentration of an antiseptic, reduced the inflammatory reaction and microbial colonization. This contributed to decrease in the incidence of postoperative complications related to the quality of a suture material.

Approved in the experiment and employed in 60 patients in atypical resection of a lung were the antimicrobial biocompatible absorbable polymers--"Capromed DC threads and ESBADCh film--in combination with MK-7 cyanoacrylate++ glue for formation of hermetic pulmonary suture. This facilitated good smoothing out of the lung remainder, sharp decrease of microbial colonization at the site, where the mentioned polymers were used.