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1. The Large Hadron-Electron Collider at the HL-LHC

Author: Agostini, P., Aksakal, H., Alekhin, S., Allport, P. P., Andari, N., Andre, K. D. J., Angal-Kalinin, D., Antusch, S., Bella, L. Aperio, Apolinario, L., Apsimon, R., Apyan, A., Arduini, G., Ari, V., Armbruster, A., Armesto, N., Auchmann, B., Aulenbacher, K., Azuelos, G., Backovic, S., Bailey, I., Bailey, S., Balli, F., Behera, S., Behnke, O., Ben-Zvi, I., Benedikt, M., Bernauer, J., Bertolucci, S., Biswal, S. S., Blümlein, J., Bogacz, A., Bonvini, M., Boonekamp, M., Bordry, F., Boroun, G. R., Bottura, L., Bousson, S., Bouzas, A. O., Bracco, C., Bracinik, J., Britzger, D., Brodsky, S. J., Bruni, C., Brüning, O., Burkhardt, H., Cakir, O., Calaga, R., Caldwell, A., Calıskan, A., Camarda, S., Catalan-Lasheras, N. C., Cassou, K., Cepila, J., Cetinkaya, V., Chetvertkova, V., Cole, B., Coleppa, B., Cooper-Sarkar, A., Cormier, E., Cornell, A. S., Corsini, R., Cruz-Alaniz, E., Currie, J., Curtin, D., D'Onofrio, M., Dainton, J., Daly, E., Das, A., Das, S. P., Dassa, L., de Blas, J., Rose, L. Delle, Denizli, H., Deshpande, K. S., Douglas, D., Duarte, L., Dupraz, K., Dutta, S., Efremov, A. V., Eichhorn, R., Eskola, K. J., Ferreiro, E. G., Fischer, O., Flores-Sánchez, O., Forte, S., Gaddi, A., Gao, J., Gehrmann, T., Ridder, A. Gehrmann-De, Gerigk, F., Gilbert, A., Giuli, F., Glazov, A., Glover, N., Godbole, R. M., Goddard, B., Gonçalves, V., Gonzalez-Sprinberg, G. A., Goyal, A., Grames, J., Granados, E., Grassellino, A., Gunaydin, Y. O., Guo, Y. C., Guzey, V., Gwenlan, C., Hammad, A., Han, C. C., Harland-Lang, L., Haug, F., Hautmann, F., Hayden, D., Hessler, J., Helenius, I., Henry, J., Hernandez-Sanchez, J., Hesari, H., Hobbs, T. J., Hod, N., Hoffstaetter, G. H., Holzer, B., Honorato, C. G., Hounsell, B., Hu, N., Hug, F., Huss, A., Hutton, A., Islam, R., Iwamoto, S., Jana, S., Jansova, M., Jensen, E., Jones, T., Jowett, J. M., Kaabi, W., Kado, M., Kalinin, D. A., Karadeniz, H., Kawaguchi, S., Kaya, U., Khalek, R. A., Khanpour, H., Kilic, A., Klein, M., Klein, U., Kluth, S., Köksal, M., Kocak, F., Korostelev, M., Kostka, P., Krelina, M., Kretzschmar, J., Kuday, S., Kulipanov, G., Kumar, M., Kuze, M., Lappi, T., Larios, F., Latina, A., Laycock, P., Lei, G., Levitchev, E., Levonian, S., Levy, A., Li, R., Li, X., Liang, H., Litvinenko, V., Liu, M., Liu, T., Liu, W., Liu, Y., Liuti, S., Lobodzinska, E., Longuevergne, D., Luo, X., Ma, W., Machado, M., Mandal, S., Mäntysaari, H., Marhauser, F., Marquet, C., Martens, A., Martin, R., Marzani, S., McFayden, J., Mcintosh, P., Mellado, B., Meot, F., Milanese, A., Milhano, J. G., Militsyn, B., Mitra, M., Moch, S., Najafabadi, M. Mohammadi, Mondal, S., Moretti, S., Morgan, T., Morreale, A., Nadolsky, P., Navarra, F., Nergiz, Z., Newman, P., Niehues, J., Nissen, E. A., Nowakowski, M., Okada, N., Olivier, G., Olness, F., Olry, G., Osborne, J. A., Ozansoy, A., Pan, R., Parker, B., Patra, M., Paukkunen, H., Peinaud, Y., Pellegrini, D., Perez-Segurana, G., Perini, D., Perrot, L., Pietralla, N., Pilicer, E., Pire, B., Pires, J., Placakyte, R., Poelker, M., Polifka, R., Polini, A., Poulose, P., Pownall, G., Pupkov, Y. A., Queiroz, F. S., Rabbertz, K., Radescu, V., Rahaman, R., Rai, S. K., Raicevic, N., Ratoff, P., Rashed, A., Raut, D., Raychaudhuri, S., Repond, J., Rezaeian, A. H., Rimmer, R., Rinolfi, L., Rojo, J., Rosado, A., Ruan, X., Russenschuck, S., Sahin, M., Salgado, C. A., Sampayo, O. A., Satendra, K., Satyanarayan, N., Schenke, B., Schirm, K., Schopper, H., Schott, M., Schulte, D., Schwanenberger, C., Sekine, T., Senol, A., Seryi, A., Setiniyaz, S., Shang, L., Shen, X., Shipman, N., Sinha, N., Slominski, W., Smith, S., Solans, C., Song, M., Spiesberger, H., Stanyard, J., Starostenko, A., Stasto, A., Stocchi, A., Strikman, M., Stuart, M. J., Sultansoy, S., Sun, H., Sutton, M., Szymanowski, L., Tapan, I., Tapia-Takaki, D., Tanaka, M., Tang, Y., Tasci, A. T., Ten-Kate, A. T., Thonet, P., Tomas-Garcia, R., Tommasini, D., Trbojevic, D., Trott, M., Tsurin, I., Tudora, A., Cakir, I. Turk, Tywoniuk, K., Vallerand, C., Valloni, A., Verney, D., Vilella, E., Walker, D., Wallon, S., Wang, B., Wang, K., Wang, X., Wang, Z. S., Wei, H., Welsch, C., Willering, G., Williams, P. H., Wollmann, D., Xiaohao, C., Xu, T., Yaguna, C. E., Yamaguchi, Y., Yamazaki, Y., Yang, H., Yilmaz, A., Yock, P., Yue, C. X., Zadeh, S. G., Zenaiev, O., Zhang, C., Zhang, J., Zhang, R., Zhang, Z., Zhu, G., Zhu, S., Zimmermann, F., Zomer, F., Zurita, J., and Zurita, P.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract: The Large Hadron electron Collider (LHeC) is designed to move the field of deep inelastic scattering (DIS) to the energy and intensity frontier of particle physics. Exploiting energy recovery technology, it collides a novel, intense electron beam with a proton or ion beam from the High Luminosity--Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC). The accelerator and interaction region are designed for concurrent electron-proton and proton-proton operation. This report represents an update of the Conceptual Design Report (CDR) of the LHeC, published in 2012. It comprises new results on parton structure of the proton and heavier nuclei, QCD dynamics, electroweak and top-quark physics. It is shown how the LHeC will open a new chapter of nuclear particle physics in extending the accessible kinematic range in lepton-nucleus scattering by several orders of magnitude. Due to enhanced luminosity, large energy and the cleanliness of the hadronic final states, the LHeC has a strong Higgs physics programme and its own discovery potential for new physics. Building on the 2012 CDR, the report represents a detailed updated design of the energy recovery electron linac (ERL) including new lattice, magnet, superconducting radio frequency technology and further components. Challenges of energy recovery are described and the lower energy, high current, 3-turn ERL facility, PERLE at Orsay, is presented which uses the LHeC characteristics serving as a development facility for the design and operation of the LHeC. An updated detector design is presented corresponding to the acceptance, resolution and calibration goals which arise from the Higgs and parton density function physics programmes. The paper also presents novel results on the Future Circular Collider in electron-hadron mode, FCC-eh, which utilises the same ERL technology to further extend the reach of DIS to even higher centre-of-mass energies., Comment: 373 pages, many figures, to be published by J. Phys. G
Published: 2020
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2. High brightness CW electron beams from Superconducting RF photoemission gun

Author: Petrushina, I., Litvinenko, V. N., Jing, Y., Ma, J., Pinayev, I., Shih, K., Wang, G., Wu, Y. H., Brutus, J. C., Altinbas, Z., Di Lieto, A., Inacker, P., Jamilkowski, J., Mahler, G., Mapes, M., Miller, T., Narayan, G., Paniccia, M., Roser, T., Severino, F., Skaritka, J., Smart, L., Smith, K., Soria, V., Than, Y., Tuozzolo, J., Wang, E., Xiao, B., Xin, T., Ben-Zvi, I., Boulware, C., Grimm, T., Mihara, K., Kayran, D., and Rao, T.
Subjects: Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract: CW photoinjectors operating at high accelerating gradients promise to revolutionize many areas of science and applications. They can establish the basis for a new generation of monochromatic X-ray free electron lasers, high brightness hadron beams, or a new generation of microchip production. In this letter we report on the record-performing superconducting RF electron gun with $\textrm{CsK}_{2}\textrm{Sb}$ photocathode. The gun is generating high charge electron bunches (up to 10 nC/bunch) and low transverse emittances, while operating for months with a single photocathode. This achievement opens a new era in generating high-power beams with a very high average brightness.
Published: 2020
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3. Design and Vertical Tests of SPS-series Double-Quarter Wave (DQW) Cavity Prototypes for the HL-LHC Crab Cavity System

Author: Verdú-Andrés, S., Artoos, K., Belomestnykh, S., Ben-Zvi, I., Boulware, C., Burt, G., Calaga, R., Capatina, O., Carra, F., Castilla, A., Clemens, W., Grimm, T., Kuder, N., Leuxe, R., Li, Z., McEwen, E. A., Park, H., Powers, T., Ratti, A., Shipman, N., Skaritka, J., Wu, Q., Xiao, B. P., Yancey, J., and Zanoni, C.
Subjects: Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract: Crab crossing is essential for high-luminosity colliders. The High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) will equip one of its Interaction Points (IP1) with Double-Quarter Wave (DQW) crab cavities. A DQW cavity is a new generation of deflecting RF cavities that stands out for its compactness and broad frequency separation between fundamental and first high-order modes. The deflecting kick is provided by its fundamental mode. Each HL-LHC DQW cavity shall provide a nominal deflecting voltage of 3.4 MV, although up to 5.0 MV may be required. A Proof-of-Principle (PoP) DQW cavity was limited by quench at 4.6 MV. This paper describes a new, highly optimized cavity, designated DQW SPS-series, which satisfies dimensional, cryogenic, manufacturing and impedance requirements for beam tests at SPS and operation in LHC. Two prototypes of this DQW SPS-series were fabricated by US industry and cold tested after following conventional SRF surface treatment. Both units outperformed the PoP cavity, reaching a deflecting voltage of 5.3-5.9 MV. This voltage - the highest reached by a DQW cavity - is well beyond the nominal voltage of 3.4 MV and may even operate at the ultimate voltage of 5.0MVwith sufficient margin. This paper covers fabrication, surface preparation and cryogenic RF test results and implications.
Published: 2018
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4. Operation of the 56 MHz Superconducting RF Cavity in RHIC with Higher Order Mode Damper

Author: Wu, Q., Belomestnykh, S., Ben-Zvi, I., Blaskiewicz, M., Hayes, T., Mernick, K., Severino, F., Smith, K., and Zaltsman, A.
Subjects: Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract: A 56 MHz superconducting RF cavity was designed and installed in the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). It is the first superconducting quarter wave resonator (QWR) operating in a high-energy storage ring. We discuss herein the cavity operation with Au+Au collisions, and with asymmetrical Au+He3 collisions. The cavity is a storage cavity, meaning that it becomes active only at the energy of experiment, after the acceleration cycle is completed. With the cavity at 300 kV, an improvement in luminosity was detected from direct measurements, and the bunch length has been reduced. The uniqueness of the QWR demands an innovative design of the higher order mode dampers with high-pass filters, and a distinctive fundamental mode damper that enables the cavity to be bypassed during the acceleration stage., Comment: version 6
Published: 2018
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5. Design and vertical tests of double-quarter wave cavity prototypes for the high-luminosity LHC crab cavity system

Author: Verdú-Andrés, S, Artoos, K, Belomestnykh, S, Ben-Zvi, I, Boulware, C, Burt, G, Calaga, R, Capatina, O, Carra, F, Castilla, A, Clemens, W, Grimm, T, Kuder, N, Leuxe, R, Li, Z, McEwen, EA, Park, H, Powers, T, Ratti, A, Shipman, N, Skaritka, J, Wu, Q, Xiao, BP, Yancey, J, and Zanoni, C
Abstract: Crab crossing is essential for high-luminosity colliders. The high-luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) will equip one of its interaction points (IP1) with double-quarter wave (DQW) crab cavities. A DQW cavity is a new generation of deflecting rf cavities that stands out for its compactness and broad frequency separation between fundamental and first high-order modes. The deflecting kick is provided by its fundamental mode. Each HL-LHC DQW cavity shall provide a nominal deflecting voltage of 3.4 MV, although up to 5.0 MV may be required. A proof-of-principle (POP) DQW cavity was limited by quench at 4.6 MV. This paper describes a new, highly optimized cavity, designated the DQW SPS series, which satisfies dimensional, cryogenic, manufacturing, and impedance requirements for beam tests at the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) and operation in the LHC. Two prototypes of this DQW SPS series were fabricated by U.S. industry and cold tested after following a conventional superconducting radio-frequency surface treatment. Both units outperformed the POP cavity, reaching a deflecting voltage of 5.3-5.9 MV. This voltage - the highest reached by a DQW cavity - is well beyond the nominal voltage of 3.4 MV and may even operate at the ultimate voltage of 5.0 MV with a sufficient margin. This paper covers fabrication, surface preparation, and cryogenic rf test results and implications.
Published: 2018

6. Design of a High-bunch-charge 112-MHz Superconducting RF Photoemission Electron Source

Author: Xin, T., Brutus, J. C., Belomestnykh, Sergey A., Ben-Zvi, I., Boulware, C. H., Grimm, T. L., Hayes, T., Litvinenko, Vladimir N., Mernick, K., Narayan, G., Orfin, P., Pinayev, I., Rao, T., Severino, F., Skaritka, J., Smith, K., Than, R., Tuozzolo, J., Wang, E., Xiao, B., Xie, H., and Zaltsman, A.
Subjects: Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract: High-bunch-charge photoemission electron-sources operating in a continuous wave (CW) mode are required for many advanced applications of particle accelerators, such as electron coolers for hadron beams, electron-ion colliders, and free-electron lasers (FELs). Superconducting RF (SRF) has several advantages over other electron-gun technologies in CW mode as it offers higher acceleration rate and potentially can generate higher bunch charges and average beam currents. A 112 MHz SRF electron photoinjector (gun) was developed at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) to produce high-brightness and high-bunch-charge bunches for the Coherent electron Cooling Proof-of-Principle (CeC PoP) experiment. The gun utilizes a quarter-wave resonator (QWR) geometry for assuring beam dynamics, and uses high quantum efficiency (QE) multi-alkali photocathodes for generating electrons.
Published: 2016
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7. The mapping & avoidance of high order cavity modes

Author: Polizzo, Salvatore, primary, Bellavia, S, additional, Ben-Zvi, I, additional, Blaskiewicz, M, additional, Conway, Z, additional, Hayes, T, additional, Mernick, K, additional, Severino, F, additional, Smith, K, additional, Wu, Q, additional, and Zaltsman, A., additional
Published: 2023
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8. Synchrotron x-ray study of a low roughness and high efficiency K2CsSb photocathode during film growth

Author: Xie, J, Demarteau, M, Wagner, R, Schubert, S, Gaowei, M, Attenkofer, K, Walsh, J, Smedley, J, Wong, J, Feng, J, Padmore, H, Ruiz-Oses, M, Ding, Z, Liang, X, Muller, E, and Ben-Zvi, I
Subjects: bialkali antimonide photocathode, grazing incidence small angle x-ray scattering, x-ray reflectivity, x-ray diffraction, thickness, roughness, critical angle, Applied Physics, Physical Sciences, Engineering
Abstract: Reduction of roughness to the nm level is critical of achieving the ultimate performance from photocathodes used in high gradient fields. The thrust of this paper is to explore the evolution of roughness during sequential growth, and to show that deposition of multilayer structures consisting of very thin reacted layers results in an nm level smooth photocathode. Synchrotron x-ray methods were applied to study the multi-step growth process of a high efficiency K2CsSb photocathode. A transition point of the Sb film grown on Si was observed at the film thickness of ∼40 Å with the substrate temperature at 100 °C and the growth rate at 0.1 Å s-1. The final K2CsSb photocathode exhibits a thickness of around five times that of the total deposited Sb film regardless of how the Sb film was grown. The film surface roughening process occurs first at the step when K diffuses into the crystalline Sb. The photocathode obtained from the multi-step growth exhibits roughness in an order of magnitude lower than the normal sequential process. X-ray diffraction measurements show that the material goes through two structural changes of the crystalline phase during formation, from crystalline Sb to K3Sb and finally to K2CsSb.
Published: 2017

9. eRHIC Design Study: An Electron-Ion Collider at BNL

Author: Aschenauer, E. C., Baker, M. D., Bazilevsky, A., Boyle, K., Belomestnykh, S., Ben-Zvi, I., Brooks, S., Brutus, C., Burton, T., Fazio, S., Fedotov, A., Gassner, D., Hao, Y., Jing, Y., Kayran, D., Kiselev, A., Lamont, M. A. C., Lee, J. -H., Litvinenko, V. N., Liu, C., Ludlam, T., Mahler, G., McIntyre, G., Meng, W., Meot, F., Miller, T., Minty, M., Parker, B., Petti, R., Pinayev, I., Ptitsyn, V., Roser, T., Stratmann, M., Sichtermann, E., Skaritka, J., Tchoubar, O., Thieberger, P., Toll, T., Trbojevic, D., Tsoupas, N., Tuozzolo, J., Ullrich, T., Wang, E., Wang, G., Wu, Q., Xu, W., and Zheng, L.
Subjects: Physics - Accelerator Physics, Nuclear Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: This document presents BNL's plan for an electron-ion collider, eRHIC, a major new research tool that builds on the existing RHIC facility to advance the long-term vision for Nuclear Physics to discover and understand the emergent phenomena of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), the fundamental theory of the strong interaction that binds the atomic nucleus. We describe the scientific requirements for such a facility, following up on the community-wide 2012 white paper, 'Electron-Ion Collider: the Next QCD Frontier', and present a design concept that incorporates new, innovative accelerator techniques to provide a cost-effective upgrade of RHIC with polarized electron beams colliding with the full array of RHIC hadron beams. The new facility will deliver electron-nucleon luminosity of 10^33-10^34 cm-1sec-1 for collisions of 15.9 GeV polarized electrons on either 250 GeV polarized protons or 100 GeV/u heavy ion beams. The facility will also be capable of providing an electron beam energy of 21.2 GeV, at reduced luminosity. We discuss the on-going R&D effort to realize the project, and present key detector requirements and design ideas for an experimental program capable of making the 'golden measurements' called for in the EIC White Paper.
Published: 2014

10. The Large Hadron–Electron Collider at the HL-LHC

Author: Agostini, P, Aksakal, H, Alekhin, S, Allport, P P, Andari, N, Andre, K D J, Angal-Kalinin, D, Antusch, S, Aperio Bella, L, Apolinario, L, Apsimon, R, Apyan, A, Arduini, G, Ari, V, Armbruster, A, Armesto, N, Auchmann, B, Aulenbacher, K, Azuelos, G, Backovic, S, Bailey, I, Bailey, S, Balli, F, Behera, S, Behnke, O, Ben-Zvi, I, Benedikt, M, Bernauer, J, Bertolucci, S, Biswal, S S, Blümlein, J, Bogacz, A, Bonvini, M, Boonekamp, M, Bordry, F, Boroun, G R, Bottura, L, Bousson, S, Bouzas, A O, Bracco, C, Bracinik, J, Britzger, D, Brodsky, S J, Bruni, C, Brüning, O, Burkhardt, H, Cakir, O, Calaga, R, Caldwell, A, Calıskan, A, Camarda, S, Catalan-Lasheras, N C, Cassou, K, Cepila, J, Cetinkaya, V, Chetvertkova, V, Cole, B, Coleppa, B, Cooper-Sarkar, A, Cormier, E, Cornell, A S, Corsini, R, Cruz-Alaniz, E, Currie, J, Curtin, D, D’Onofrio, M, Dainton, J, Daly, E, Das, A, Das, S P, Dassa, L, de Blas, J, Delle Rose, L, Denizli, H, Deshpande, K S, Douglas, D, Duarte, L, Dupraz, K, Dutta, S, Efremov, A V, Eichhorn, R, Eskola, K J, Ferreiro, E G, Fischer, O, Flores-Sánchez, O, Forte, S, Gaddi, A, Gao, J, Gehrmann, T, Gehrmann-De Ridder, A, Gerigk, F, Gilbert, A, Giuli, F, Glazov, A, Glover, N, Godbole, R M, Goddard, B, Gonçalves, V, Gonzalez-Sprinberg, G A, Goyal, A, Grames, J, Granados, E, Grassellino, A, Gunaydin, Y O, Guo, Y C, Guzey, V, Gwenlan, C, Hammad, A, Han, C C, Harland-Lang, L, Haug, F, Hautmann, F, Hayden, D, Hessler, J, Helenius, I, Henry, J, Hernandez-Sanchez, J, Hesari, H, Hobbs, T J, Hod, N, Hoffstaetter, G H, Holzer, B, Honorato, C G, Hounsell, B, Hu, N, Hug, F, Huss, A, Hutton, A, Islam, R, Iwamoto, S, Jana, S, Jansova, M, Jensen, E, Jones, T, Jowett, J M, Kaabi, W, Kado, M, Kalinin, D A, Karadeniz, H, Kawaguchi, S, Kaya, U, Khalek, R A, Khanpour, H, Kilic, A, Klein, M, Klein, U, Kluth, S, Köksal, M, Kocak, F, Korostelev, M, Kostka, P, Krelina, M, Kretzschmar, J, Kuday, S, Kulipanov, G, Kumar, M, Kuze, M, Lappi, T, Larios, F, Latina, A, Laycock, P, Lei, G, Levitchev, E, Levonian, S, Levy, A, Li, R, Li, X, Liang, H, Litvinenko, V, Liu, M, Liu, T, Liu, W, Liu, Y, Liuti, S, Lobodzinska, E, Longuevergne, D, Luo, X, Ma, W, Machado, M, Mandal, S, Mäntysaari, H, Marhauser, F, Marquet, C, Martens, A, Martin, R, Marzani, S, McFayden, J, Mcintosh, P, Mellado, B, Meot, F, Milanese, A, Milhano, J G, Militsyn, B, Mitra, M, Moch, S, Mohammadi Najafabadi, M, Mondal, S, Moretti, S, Morgan, T, Morreale, A, Nadolsky, P, Navarra, F, Nergiz, Z, Newman, P, Niehues, J, Nissen, E A, Nowakowski, M, Okada, N, Olivier, G, Olness, F, Olry, G, Osborne, J A, Ozansoy, A, Pan, R, Parker, B, Patra, M, Paukkunen, H, Peinaud, Y, Pellegrini, D, Perez-Segurana, G, Perini, D, Perrot, L, Pietralla, N, Pilicer, E, Pire, B, Pires, J, Placakyte, R, Poelker, M, Polifka, R, Polini, A, Poulose, P, Pownall, G, Pupkov, Y A, Queiroz, F S, Rabbertz, K, Radescu, V, Rahaman, R, Rai, S K, Raicevic, N, Ratoff, P, Rashed, A, Raut, D, Raychaudhuri, S, Repond, J, Rezaeian, A H, Rimmer, R, Rinolfi, L, Rojo, J, Rosado, A, Ruan, X, Russenschuck, S, Sahin, M, Salgado, C A, Sampayo, O A, Satendra, K, Satyanarayan, N, Schenke, B, Schirm, K, Schopper, H, Schott, M, Schulte, D, Schwanenberger, C, Sekine, T, Senol, A, Seryi, A, Setiniyaz, S, Shang, L, Shen, X, Shipman, N, Sinha, N, Slominski, W, Smith, S, Solans, C, Song, M, Spiesberger, H, Stanyard, J, Starostenko, A, Stasto, A, Stocchi, A, Strikman, M, Stuart, M J, Sultansoy, S, Sun, H, Sutton, M, Szymanowski, L, Tapan, I, Tapia-Takaki, D, Tanaka, M, Tang, Y, Tasci, A T, Ten-Kate, A T, Thonet, P, Tomas-Garcia, R, Tommasini, D, Trbojevic, D, Trott, M, Tsurin, I, Tudora, A, Turk Cakir, I, Tywoniuk, K, Vallerand, C, Valloni, A, Verney, D, Vilella, E, Walker, D, Wallon, S, Wang, B, Wang, K, Wang, X, Wang, Z S, Wei, H, Welsch, C, Willering, G, Williams, P H, Wollmann, D, Xiaohao, C, Xu, T, Yaguna, C E, Yamaguchi, Y, Yamazaki, Y, Yang, H, Yilmaz, A, Yock, P, Yue, C X, Zadeh, S G, Zenaiev, O, Zhang, C, Zhang, J, Zhang, R, Zhang, Z, Zhu, G, Zhu, S, Zimmermann, F, Zomer, F, Zurita, J, Zurita, P, Agostini, P, Aksakal, H, Alekhin, S, Allport, P P, Andari, N, Andre, K D J, Angal-Kalinin, D, Antusch, S, Aperio Bella, L, Apolinario, L, Apsimon, R, Apyan, A, Arduini, G, Ari, V, Armbruster, A, Armesto, N, Auchmann, B, Aulenbacher, K, Azuelos, G, Backovic, S, Bailey, I, Bailey, S, Balli, F, Behera, S, Behnke, O, Ben-Zvi, I, Benedikt, M, Bernauer, J, Bertolucci, S, Biswal, S S, Blümlein, J, Bogacz, A, Bonvini, M, Boonekamp, M, Bordry, F, Boroun, G R, Bottura, L, Bousson, S, Bouzas, A O, Bracco, C, Bracinik, J, Britzger, D, Brodsky, S J, Bruni, C, Brüning, O, Burkhardt, H, Cakir, O, Calaga, R, Caldwell, A, Calıskan, A, Camarda, S, Catalan-Lasheras, N C, Cassou, K, Cepila, J, Cetinkaya, V, Chetvertkova, V, Cole, B, Coleppa, B, Cooper-Sarkar, A, Cormier, E, Cornell, A S, Corsini, R, Cruz-Alaniz, E, Currie, J, Curtin, D, D’Onofrio, M, Dainton, J, Daly, E, Das, A, Das, S P, Dassa, L, de Blas, J, Delle Rose, L, Denizli, H, Deshpande, K S, Douglas, D, Duarte, L, Dupraz, K, Dutta, S, Efremov, A V, Eichhorn, R, Eskola, K J, Ferreiro, E G, Fischer, O, Flores-Sánchez, O, Forte, S, Gaddi, A, Gao, J, Gehrmann, T, Gehrmann-De Ridder, A, Gerigk, F, Gilbert, A, Giuli, F, Glazov, A, Glover, N, Godbole, R M, Goddard, B, Gonçalves, V, Gonzalez-Sprinberg, G A, Goyal, A, Grames, J, Granados, E, Grassellino, A, Gunaydin, Y O, Guo, Y C, Guzey, V, Gwenlan, C, Hammad, A, Han, C C, Harland-Lang, L, Haug, F, Hautmann, F, Hayden, D, Hessler, J, Helenius, I, Henry, J, Hernandez-Sanchez, J, Hesari, H, Hobbs, T J, Hod, N, Hoffstaetter, G H, Holzer, B, Honorato, C G, Hounsell, B, Hu, N, Hug, F, Huss, A, Hutton, A, Islam, R, Iwamoto, S, Jana, S, Jansova, M, Jensen, E, Jones, T, Jowett, J M, Kaabi, W, Kado, M, Kalinin, D A, Karadeniz, H, Kawaguchi, S, Kaya, U, Khalek, R A, Khanpour, H, Kilic, A, Klein, M, Klein, U, Kluth, S, Köksal, M, Kocak, F, Korostelev, M, Kostka, P, Krelina, M, Kretzschmar, J, Kuday, S, Kulipanov, G, Kumar, M, Kuze, M, Lappi, T, Larios, F, Latina, A, Laycock, P, Lei, G, Levitchev, E, Levonian, S, Levy, A, Li, R, Li, X, Liang, H, Litvinenko, V, Liu, M, Liu, T, Liu, W, Liu, Y, Liuti, S, Lobodzinska, E, Longuevergne, D, Luo, X, Ma, W, Machado, M, Mandal, S, Mäntysaari, H, Marhauser, F, Marquet, C, Martens, A, Martin, R, Marzani, S, McFayden, J, Mcintosh, P, Mellado, B, Meot, F, Milanese, A, Milhano, J G, Militsyn, B, Mitra, M, Moch, S, Mohammadi Najafabadi, M, Mondal, S, Moretti, S, Morgan, T, Morreale, A, Nadolsky, P, Navarra, F, Nergiz, Z, Newman, P, Niehues, J, Nissen, E A, Nowakowski, M, Okada, N, Olivier, G, Olness, F, Olry, G, Osborne, J A, Ozansoy, A, Pan, R, Parker, B, Patra, M, Paukkunen, H, Peinaud, Y, Pellegrini, D, Perez-Segurana, G, Perini, D, Perrot, L, Pietralla, N, Pilicer, E, Pire, B, Pires, J, Placakyte, R, Poelker, M, Polifka, R, Polini, A, Poulose, P, Pownall, G, Pupkov, Y A, Queiroz, F S, Rabbertz, K, Radescu, V, Rahaman, R, Rai, S K, Raicevic, N, Ratoff, P, Rashed, A, Raut, D, Raychaudhuri, S, Repond, J, Rezaeian, A H, Rimmer, R, Rinolfi, L, Rojo, J, Rosado, A, Ruan, X, Russenschuck, S, Sahin, M, Salgado, C A, Sampayo, O A, Satendra, K, Satyanarayan, N, Schenke, B, Schirm, K, Schopper, H, Schott, M, Schulte, D, Schwanenberger, C, Sekine, T, Senol, A, Seryi, A, Setiniyaz, S, Shang, L, Shen, X, Shipman, N, Sinha, N, Slominski, W, Smith, S, Solans, C, Song, M, Spiesberger, H, Stanyard, J, Starostenko, A, Stasto, A, Stocchi, A, Strikman, M, Stuart, M J, Sultansoy, S, Sun, H, Sutton, M, Szymanowski, L, Tapan, I, Tapia-Takaki, D, Tanaka, M, Tang, Y, Tasci, A T, Ten-Kate, A T, Thonet, P, Tomas-Garcia, R, Tommasini, D, Trbojevic, D, Trott, M, Tsurin, I, Tudora, A, Turk Cakir, I, Tywoniuk, K, Vallerand, C, Valloni, A, Verney, D, Vilella, E, Walker, D, Wallon, S, Wang, B, Wang, K, Wang, X, Wang, Z S, Wei, H, Welsch, C, Willering, G, Williams, P H, Wollmann, D, Xiaohao, C, Xu, T, Yaguna, C E, Yamaguchi, Y, Yamazaki, Y, Yang, H, Yilmaz, A, Yock, P, Yue, C X, Zadeh, S G, Zenaiev, O, Zhang, C, Zhang, J, Zhang, R, Zhang, Z, Zhu, G, Zhu, S, Zimmermann, F, Zomer, F, Zurita, J, and Zurita, P
Abstract: The Large Hadron–Electron Collider (LHeC) is designed to move the field of deep inelastic scattering (DIS) to the energy and intensity frontier of particle physics. Exploiting energy-recovery technology, it collides a novel, intense electron beam with a proton or ion beam from the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC). The accelerator and interaction region are designed for concurrent electron–proton and proton–proton operations. This report represents an update to the LHeC’s conceptual design report (CDR), published in 2012. It comprises new results on the parton structure of the proton and heavier nuclei, QCD dynamics, and electroweak and top-quark physics. It is shown how the LHeC will open a new chapter of nuclear particle physics by extending the accessible kinematic range of lepton–nucleus scattering by several orders of magnitude. Due to its enhanced luminosity and large energy and the cleanliness of the final hadronic states, the LHeC has a strong Higgs physics programme and its own discovery potential for new physics. Building on the 2012 CDR, this report contains a detailed updated design for the energy-recovery electron linac (ERL), including a new lattice, magnet and superconducting radio-frequency technology, and further components. Challenges of energy recovery are described, and the lower-energy, high-current, three-turn ERL facility, PERLE at Orsay, is presented, which uses the LHeC characteristics serving as a development facility for the design and operation of the LHeC. An updated detector design is presented corresponding to the acceptance, resolution, and calibration goals that arise from the Higgs and parton-density-function physics programmes. This paper also presents novel results for the Future Circular Collider in electron–hadron (FCC-eh) mode, which utilises the same ERL technology to further extend the reach of DIS to even higher centre-of-mass energies.
Published: 2024

11. On the Relation of the LHeC and the LHC

Author: Fernandez, J. L. Abelleira, Adolphsen, C., Adzic, P., Akay, A. N., Aksakal, H., Albacete, J. L., Allanach, B., Alekhin, S., Allport, P., Andreev, V., Appleby, R. B., Arikan, E., Armesto, N., Azuelos, G., Bai, M., Barber, D., Bartels, J., Behnke, O., Behr, J., Belyaev, A. S., Ben-Zvi, I., Bernard, N., Bertolucci, S., Bettoni, S., Biswal, S., Blümlein, J., Böttcher, H., Bogacz, A., Bracco, C., Bracinik, J., Brandt, G., Braun, H., Brodsky, S., Brüning, O., Bulyak, E., Buniatyan, A., Burkhardt, H., Cakir, I. T., Cakir, O., Calaga, R., Caldwell, A., Cetinkaya, V., Chekelian, V., Ciapala, E., Ciftci, R., Ciftci, A. K., Cole, B. A., Collins, J. C., Dadoun, O., Dainton, J., Roeck, A. De., d'Enterria, D., DiNezza, P., D'Onofrio, M., Dudarev, A., Eide, A., Enberg, R., Eroglu, E., Eskola, K. J., Favart, L., Fitterer, M., Forte, S., Gaddi, A., Gambino, P., Morales, H. García, Gehrmann, T., Gladkikh, P., Glasman, C., Glazov, A., Godbole, R., Goddard, B., Greenshaw, T., Guffanti, A., Guzey, V., Gwenlan, C., Han, T., Hao, Y., Haug, F., Herr, W., Hervé, A., Holzer, B. J., Ishitsuka, M., Jacquet, M., Jeanneret, B., Jensen, E., Jimenez, J. M., Jowett, J. M., Jung, H., Karadeniz, H., Kayran, D., Kilic, A., Kimura, K., Klees, R., Klein, M., Klein, U., Kluge, T., Kocak, F., Korostelev, M., Kosmicki, A., Kostka, P., Kowalski, H., Kraemer, M., Kramer, G., Kuchler, D., Kuze, M., Lappi, T., Laycock, P., Levichev, E., Levonian, S., Litvinenko, V. N., Lombardi, A., Maeda, J., Marquet, C., Mellado, B., Mess, K. H., Milanese, A., Milhano, J. G., Moch, S., Morozov, I. I., Muttoni, Y., Myers, S., Nandi, S., Nergiz, Z., Newman, P. R., Omori, T., Osborne, J., Paoloni, E., Papaphilippou, Y., Pascaud, C., Paukkunen, H., Perez, E., Pieloni, T., Pilicer, E., Pire, B., Placakyte, R., Polini, A., Ptitsyn, V., Pupkov, Y., Radescu, V., Raychaudhuri, S., Rinolfi, L., Rizvi, E., Rohini, R., Rojo, J., Russenschuck, S., Sahin, M., Salgado, C. A., Sampei, K., Sassot, R., Sauvan, E., Schaefer, M., Schneekloth, U., Schörner-Sadenius, T., Schulte, D., Senol, A., Seryi, A., Sievers, P., Skrinsky, A. N., Smith, W., South, D., Spiesberger, H., Stasto, A. M., Strikman, M., Sullivan, M., Sultansoy, S., Sun, Y. P., Surrow, B., Szymanowski, L., Taels, P., Tapan, I., Tasci, T., Tassi, E., Kate, H. Ten., Terron, J., Thiesen, H., Thompson, L., Thompson, P., Tokushuku, K., García, R. Tomás, Tommasini, D., Trbojevic, D., Tsoupas, N., Tuckmantel, J., Turkoz, S., Trinh, T. N., Tywoniuk, K., Unel, G., Ullrich, T., Urakawa, J., VanMechelen, P., Variola, A., Veness, R., Vivoli, A., Vobly, P., Wagner, J., Wallny, R., Wallon, S., Watt, G., Weiss, C., Wiedemann, U. A., Wienands, U., Willeke, F., Xiao, B. -W., Yakimenko, V., Zarnecki, A. F., Zhang, Z., Zimmermann, F., Zlebcik, R., and Zomer, F.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: The present note relies on the recently published conceptual design report of the LHeC and extends the first contribution to the European strategy debate in emphasising the role of the LHeC to complement and complete the high luminosity LHC programme. The brief discussion therefore focuses on the importance of high precision PDF and $\alpha_s$ determinations for the physics beyond the Standard Model (GUTs, SUSY, Higgs). Emphasis is also given to the importance of high parton density phenomena in nuclei and their relevance to the heavy ion physics programme at the LHC.
Published: 2012

12. A Large Hadron Electron Collider at CERN

Author: Fernandez, J. L. Abelleira, Adolphsen, C., Adzic, P., Akay, A. N., Aksakal, H., Albacete, J. L., Allanach, B., Alekhin, S., Allport, P., Andreev, V., Appleby, R. B., Arikan, E., Armesto, N., Azuelos, G., Bai, M., Barber, D., Bartels, J., Behnke, O., Behr, J., Belyaev, A. S., Ben-Zvi, I., Bernard, N., Bertolucci, S., Bettoni, S., Biswal, S., Blümlein, J., Böttcher, H., Bogacz, A., Bracco, C., Bracinik, J., Brandt, G., Braun, H., Brodsky, S., Brüning, O., Bulyak, E., Buniatyan, A., Burkhardt, H., Cakir, I. T., Cakir, O., Calaga, R., Caldwell, A., Cetinkaya, V., Chekelian, V., Ciapala, E., Ciftci, R., Ciftci, A. K., Cole, B. A., Collins, J. C., Dadoun, O., Dainton, J., Roeck, A. De., d'Enterria, D., DiNezza, P., D'Onofrio, M., Dudarev, A., Eide, A., Enberg, R., Eroglu, E., Eskola, K. J., Favart, L., Fitterer, M., Forte, S., Gaddi, A., Gambino, P., Morales, H. García, Gehrmann, T., Gladkikh, P., Glasman, C., Glazov, A., Godbole, R., Goddard, B., Greenshaw, T., Guffanti, A., Guzey, V., Gwenlan, C., Han, T., Hao, Y., Haug, F., Herr, W., Hervé, A., Holzer, B. J., Ishitsuka, M., Jacquet, M., Jeanneret, B., Jensen, E., Jimenez, J. M., Jowett, J. M., Jung, H., Karadeniz, H., Kayran, D., Kilic, A., Kimura, K., Klees, R., Klein, M., Klein, U., Kluge, T., Kocak, F., Korostelev, M., Kosmicki, A., Kostka, P., Kowalski, H., Kraemer, M., Kramer, G., Kuchler, D., Kuze, M., Lappi, T., Laycock, P., Levichev, E., Levonian, S., Litvinenko, V. N., Lombardi, A., Maeda, J., Marquet, C., Mellado, B., Mess, K. H., Milanese, A., Milhano, J. G., Moch, S., Morozov, I. I., Muttoni, Y., Myers, S., Nandi, S., Nergiz, Z., Newman, P. R., Omori, T., Osborne, J., Paoloni, E., Papaphilippou, Y., Pascaud, C., Paukkunen, H., Perez, E., Pieloni, T., Pilicer, E., Pire, B., Placakyte, R., Polini, A., Ptitsyn, V., Pupkov, Y., Radescu, V., Raychaudhuri, S., Rinolfi, L., Rizvi, E., Rohini, R., Rojo, J., Russenschuck, S., Sahin, M., Salgado, C. A., Sampei, K., Sassot, R., Sauvan, E., Schaefer, M., Schneekloth, U., Schörner-Sadenius, T., Schulte, D., Senol, A., Seryi, A., Sievers, P., Skrinsky, A. N., Smith, W., South, D., Spiesberger, H., Stasto, A. M., Strikman, M., Sullivan, M., Sultansoy, S., Sun, Y. P., Surrow, B., Szymanowski, L., Taels, P., Tapan, I., Tasci, T., Tassi, E., Kate, H. Ten., Terron, J., Thiesen, H., Thompson, L., Thompson, P., Tokushuku, K., García, R. Tomás, Tommasini, D., Trbojevic, D., Tsoupas, N., Tuckmantel, J., Turkoz, S., Trinh, T. N., Tywoniuk, K., Unel, G., Ullrich, T., Urakawa, J., VanMechelen, P., Variola, A., Veness, R., Vivoli, A., Vobly, P., Wagner, J., Wallny, R., Wallon, S., Watt, G., Weiss, C., Wiedemann, U. A., Wienands, U., Willeke, F., Xiao, B. -W., Yakimenko, V., Zarnecki, A. F., Zhang, Z., Zimmermann, F., Zlebcik, R., and Zomer, F.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract: This document provides a brief overview of the recently published report on the design of the Large Hadron Electron Collider (LHeC), which comprises its physics programme, accelerator physics, technology and main detector concepts. The LHeC exploits and develops challenging, though principally existing, accelerator and detector technologies. This summary is complemented by brief illustrations of some of the highlights of the physics programme, which relies on a vastly extended kinematic range, luminosity and unprecedented precision in deep inelastic scattering. Illustrations are provided regarding high precision QCD, new physics (Higgs, SUSY) and electron-ion physics. The LHeC is designed to run synchronously with the LHC in the twenties and to achieve an integrated luminosity of O(100) fb$^{-1}$. It will become the cleanest high resolution microscope of mankind and will substantially extend as well as complement the investigation of the physics of the TeV energy scale, which has been enabled by the LHC.
Published: 2012

13. A Large Hadron Electron Collider at CERN: Report on the Physics and Design Concepts for Machine and Detector

Author: Fernandez, J. L. Abelleira, Adolphsen, C., Akay, A. N., Aksakal, H., Albacete, J. L., Alekhin, S., Allport, P., Andreev, V., Appleby, R. B., Arikan, E., Armesto, N., Azuelos, G., Bai, M., Barber, D., Bartels, J., Behnke, O., Behr, J., Belyaev, A. S., Ben-Zvi, I., Bernard, N., Bertolucci, S., Bettoni, S., Biswal, S., Blümlein, J., Böttcher, H., Bogacz, A., Bracco, C., Brandt, G., Braun, H., Brodsky, S., Brüning, O., Bulyak, E., Buniatyan, A., Burkhardt, H., Cakir, I. T., Cakir, O., Calaga, R., Cetinkaya, V., Ciapala, E., Ciftci, R., Ciftci, A. K., Cole, B. A., Collins, J. C., Dadoun, O., Dainton, J., Roeck, A. De., d'Enterria, D., Dudarev, A., Eide, A., Enberg, R., Eroglu, E., Eskola, K. J., Favart, L., Fitterer, M., Forte, S., Gaddi, A., Gambino, P., Morales, H. García, Gehrmann, T., Gladkikh, P., Glasman, C., Godbole, R., Goddard, B., Greenshaw, T., Guffanti, A., Guzey, V., Gwenlan, C., Han, T., Hao, Y., Haug, F., Herr, W., Hervé, A., Holzer, B. J., Ishitsuka, M., Jacquet, M., Jeanneret, B., Jimenez, J. M., Jowett, J. M., Jung, H., Karadeniz, H., Kayran, D., Kilic, A., Kimura, K., Klein, M., Klein, U., Kluge, T., Kocak, F., Korostelev, M., Kosmicki, A., Kostka, P., Kowalski, H., Kramer, G., Kuchler, D., Kuze, M., Lappi, T., Laycock, P., Levichev, E., Levonian, S., Litvinenko, V. N., Lombardi, A., Maeda, J., Marquet, C., Maxfield, S. J., Mellado, B., Mess, K. H., Milanese, A., Moch, S., Morozov, I. I., Muttoni, Y., Myers, S., Nandi, S., Nergiz, Z., Newman, P. R., Omori, T., Osborne, J., Paoloni, E., Papaphilippou, Y., Pascaud, C., Paukkunen, H., Perez, E., Pieloni, T., Pilicer, E., Pire, B., Placakyte, R., Polini, A., Ptitsyn, V., Pupkov, Y., Radescu, V., Raychaudhuri, S., Rinolfi, L., Rohini, R., Rojo, J., Russenschuck, S., Sahin, M., Salgado, C. A., Sampei, K., Sassot, R., Sauvan, E., Schneekloth, U., Schörner-Sadenius, T., Schulte, D., Senol, A., Seryi, A., Sievers, P., Skrinsky, A. N., Smith, W., Spiesberger, H., Stasto, A. M., Strikman, M., Sullivan, M., Sultansoy, S., Sun, Y. P., Surrow, B., Szymanowski, L., Taels, P., Tapan, I., Tasci, A. T., Tassi, E., Kate, H. Ten., Terron, J., Thiesen, H., Thompson, L., Tokushuku, K., García, R. Tomás, Tommasini, D., Trbojevic, D., Tsoupas, N., Tuckmantel, J., Turkoz, S., Trinh, T. N., Tywoniuk, K., Unel, G., Urakawa, J., VanMechelen, P., Variola, A., Veness, R., Vivoli, A., Vobly, P., Wagner, J., Wallny, R., Wallon, S., Watt, G., Weiss, C., Wiedemann, U. A., Wienands, U., Willeke, F., Xiao, B. -W., Yakimenko, V., Zarnecki, A. F., Zhang, Z., Zimmermann, F., Zlebcik, R., and Zomer, F.
Subjects: Physics - Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The physics programme and the design are described of a new collider for particle and nuclear physics, the Large Hadron Electron Collider (LHeC), in which a newly built electron beam of 60 GeV, up to possibly 140 GeV, energy collides with the intense hadron beams of the LHC. Compared to HERA, the kinematic range covered is extended by a factor of twenty in the negative four-momentum squared, $Q^2$, and in the inverse Bjorken $x$, while with the design luminosity of $10^{33}$ cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$ the LHeC is projected to exceed the integrated HERA luminosity by two orders of magnitude. The physics programme is devoted to an exploration of the energy frontier, complementing the LHC and its discovery potential for physics beyond the Standard Model with high precision deep inelastic scattering measurements. These are designed to investigate a variety of fundamental questions in strong and electroweak interactions. The physics programme also includes electron-deuteron and electron-ion scattering in a $(Q^2, 1/x)$ range extended by four orders of magnitude as compared to previous lepton-nucleus DIS experiments for novel investigations of neutron's and nuclear structure, the initial conditions of Quark-Gluon Plasma formation and further quantum chromodynamic phenomena. The LHeC may be realised either as a ring-ring or as a linac-ring collider. Optics and beam dynamics studies are presented for both versions, along with technical design considerations on the interaction region, magnets and further components, together with a design study for a high acceptance detector. Civil engineering and installation studies are presented for the accelerator and the detector. The LHeC can be built within a decade and thus be operated while the LHC runs in its high-luminosity phase. It thus represents a major opportunity for progress in particle physics exploiting the investment made in the LHC.
Published: 2012
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14. Gluons and the quark sea at high energies: distributions, polarization, tomography

Author: Boer, D., Diehl, M., Milner, R., Venugopalan, R., Vogelsang, W., Accardi, A., Aschenauer, E., Burkardt, M., Ent, R., Guzey, V., Hasch, D., Kumar, K., Lamont, M. A. C., Li, Y., Marciano, W. J., Marquet, C., Sabatie, F., Stratmann, M., Yuan, F., Abeyratne, S., Ahmed, S., Aidala, C., Alekhin, S., Anselmino, M., Avakian, H., Bacchetta, A., Bartels, J., BC, H., Beebe-Wang, J., Belomestnykh, S., Ben-Zvi, I., Beuf, G., Blumlein, J., Blaskiewicz, M ., Bogacz, A., Brodsky, S. J., Burton, T., Calaga, R., Chang, X., Cherednikov, I. O., Chevtsov, P., Chirilli, G. A., Atti, C. Ciofi degli, Cloet, I. C., Cooper-Sarkar, A., Debbe, R., Derbenev, Ya., Deshpande, A., Dominguez, F., Dumitru, A., Dupre, R., Erdelyi, B., Faroughy, C., Fazio, S., Fedotov, A., Forshaw, J. R., Geraud, R., Gallmeister, K., Gamberg, L., Gao, J. -H., Gassner, D., Gelis, F., Gilfoyle, G. P., Goldstein, G., Golec-Biernat, K., Goncalves, V. P., Gonderinger, M., Guzzi, M., Hagler, P., Hahn, H., Hammons, L., Hao, Y., He, P., Horn, T., Horowitz, W. A., Huang, M., Hutton, A., Jager, B., Jackson, W., Jain, A., Johnson, E. C., Kang, Z. -B., Kaptari, L. P., Kayran, D., Kewisch, J., Koike, Y., Kondratenko, A., Kopeliovich, B. Z., Kovchegov, Y. V., Krafft, G., Kroll, P., Kumano, S., Kumericki, K., Lappi, T., Lautenschlager, T., Li, R., Liang, Z. -T., Litvinenko, V. N., Liuti, S., Luo, Y., Muller, D., Mahler, G., Majumder, A., Manikonda, S., Marhauser, F., McIntyre, G., Meskauskas, M., Meng, W., Metz, A., Mezzetti, C. B., Miller, G. A., Minty, M., Moch, S. -O., Morozov, V., Mosel, U., Motyka, L., Moutarde, H., Mulders, P. J., Musch, B., Nadel-Turonski, P., Nadolsky, P., Olness, F., Ostrumov, P. N., Parker, B., Pasquini, B., Passek-Kumericki, K., Pikin, A., Pilat, F., Pire, B., Pirner, H., Pisano, C., Pozdeyev, E., Prokudin, A., Ptitsyn, V., Qian, X., Qiu, J. -W., Radici, M., Radyushkin, A., Rao, T., Rimmer, R., Ringer, F., Riordan, S., Rogers, T., Rojo, J., Roser, T., Sandapen, R., Sassot, R., Satogata, T., Sayed, H., Schafer, A., Schnell, G., Schweitzer, P., Sheehy, B., Skaritka, J., Soyez, G., Spata, M., Spiesberger, H., Stasto, A. M., Stefanis, N. G., Strikman, M., Sullivan, M., Szymanowski, L., Tanaka, K., Taneja, S., Tepikian, S., Terzic, B., Than, Y., Toll, T., Trbojevic, D., Tsentalovich, E., Tsoupas, N., Tuchin, K., Tuozzolo, J., Ullrich, T., Vossen, A., Wallon, S., Wang, G., Wang, H., Wang, X. -N., Webb, S., Weiss, C., Wu, Q., Xiao, B. -W., Xu, W., Yunn, B., Zelenski, A., Zhang, Y., Zhou, J., and Zurita, P.
Subjects: Nuclear Theory, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: This report is based on a ten-week program on "Gluons and the quark sea at high-energies", which took place at the Institute for Nuclear Theory in Seattle in Fall 2010. The principal aim of the program was to develop and sharpen the science case for an Electron-Ion Collider (EIC), a facility that will be able to collide electrons and positrons with polarized protons and with light to heavy nuclei at high energies, offering unprecedented possibilities for in-depth studies of quantum chromodynamics. This report is organized around four major themes: i) the spin and flavor structure of the proton, ii) three-dimensional structure of nucleons and nuclei in momentum and configuration space, iii) QCD matter in nuclei, and iv) Electroweak physics and the search for physics beyond the Standard Model. Beginning with an executive summary, the report contains tables of key measurements, chapter overviews for each of the major scientific themes, and detailed individual contributions on various aspects of the scientific opportunities presented by an EIC., Comment: 547 pages, A report on the joint BNL/INT/Jlab program on the science case for an Electron-Ion Collider, September 13 to November 19, 2010, Institute for Nuclear Theory, Seattle; v2 with minor changes, matches printed version
Published: 2011

15. Long lifetime of bialkali photocathodes operating in high gradient superconducting radio frequency gun

Author: Wang, E., Litvinenko, V. N., Pinayev, I., Gaowei, M., Skaritka, J., Belomestnykh, S., Ben-Zvi, I., Brutus, J. C., Jing, Y., Biswas, J., Ma, J., Narayan, G., Petrushina, I., Rahman, O., Xin, T., Rao, T., Severino, F., Shih, K., Smith, K., Wang, G., and Wu, Y.
Published: 2021
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16. Gluons and the quark sea at high energies: distributions, polarization, tomography

Author: Boer, D, Diehl, M, Milner, R, Venugopalan, R, Vogelsang, W, Accardi, A, Aschenauer, E, Burkardt, M, Ent, R, Guzey, V, Hasch, D, Kumar, K, Lamont, MAC, Li, Y, Marciano, WJ, Marquet, C, Sabatie, F, Stratmann, M, Yuan, F, Abeyratne, S, Ahmed, S, Aidala, C, Alekhin, S, Anselmino, M, Avakian, H, Bacchetta, A, Bartels, J, BC, H, Beebe-Wang, J, Belomestnykh, S, Ben-Zvi, I, Beuf, G, Blumlein, J, Blaskiewicz, M, Bogacz, A, Brodsky, SJ, Burton, T, Calaga, R, Chang, X, Cherednikov, IO, Chevtsov, P, Chirilli, GA, Atti, C Ciofi degli, Cloet, IC, Cooper-Sarkar, A, Debbe, R, Derbenev, Ya, Deshpande, A, Dominguez, F, Dumitru, A, Dupre, R, Erdelyi, B, Faroughy, C, Fazio, S, Fedotov, A, Forshaw, JR, Geraud, R, Gallmeister, K, Gamberg, L, Gao, J-H, Gassner, D, Gelis, F, Gilfoyle, GP, Goldstein, G, Golec-Biernat, K, Goncalves, VP, Gonderinger, M, Guzzi, M, Hagler, P, Hahn, H, Hammons, L, Hao, Y, He, P, Horn, T, Horowitz, WA, Huang, M, Hutton, A, Jager, B, Jackson, W, Jain, A, Johnson, EC, Kang, Z-B, Kaptari, LP, Kayran, D, Kewisch, J, Koike, Y, Kondratenko, A, Kopeliovich, BZ, Kovchegov, YV, Krafft, G, Kroll, P, Kumano, S, Kumericki, K, Lappi, T, Lautenschlager, T, Li, R, Liang, Z-T, Litvinenko, VN, Liuti, S, and Luo, Y
Subjects: nucl-th, hep-ph, nucl-ex
Abstract: This report is based on a ten-week program on "Gluons and the quark sea athigh-energies", which took place at the Institute for Nuclear Theory in Seattlein Fall 2010. The principal aim of the program was to develop and sharpen thescience case for an Electron-Ion Collider (EIC), a facility that will be ableto collide electrons and positrons with polarized protons and with light toheavy nuclei at high energies, offering unprecedented possibilities forin-depth studies of quantum chromodynamics. This report is organized aroundfour major themes: i) the spin and flavor structure of the proton, ii)three-dimensional structure of nucleons and nuclei in momentum andconfiguration space, iii) QCD matter in nuclei, and iv) Electroweak physics andthe search for physics beyond the Standard Model. Beginning with an executivesummary, the report contains tables of key measurements, chapter overviews foreach of the major scientific themes, and detailed individual contributions onvarious aspects of the scientific opportunities presented by an EIC.
Published: 2011

17. Patient-derived xenografts effectively capture responses to oncology therapy in a heterogeneous cohort of patients with solid tumors

Author: Izumchenko, E., Paz, K., Ciznadija, D., Sloma, I., Katz, A., Vasquez-Dunddel, D., Ben-Zvi, I., Stebbing, J., McGuire, W., Harris, W., Maki, R., Gaya, A., Bedi, A., Zacharoulis, S., Ravi, R., Wexler, L.H., Hoque, M.O., Rodriguez-Galindo, C., Pass, H., Peled, N., Davies, A., Morris, R., Hidalgo, M., and Sidransky, D.
Published: 2017
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18. Multiple bunch HOM evaluation for ERL cavities

Author: Xu, Chen, Ben-Zvi, I., Blaskiewicz, Michael M., Hao, Yue, and Ptitsyn, Vadim
Published: 2017
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19. HOMs of the SRF Electron Gun Cavity in the BNL ERL

Author: Hahn, H., Ben-Zvi, I., Belomestnykh, S., Hammons, L., Litvinenko, V., Than, Y.R., Todd, R., Weiss, D., and Xu, Wencan
Published: 2015
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20. Gain dynamics in a CO2 active medium optically pumped at 4.3 μm.

Author: Tovey, D., Pigeon, J. J., Tochitsky, S. Ya., Louwrens, G., Ben-Zvi, I., Joshi, C., Martyshkin, D., Fedorov, V., Karki, K., and Mirov, S.
Subjects: LASER pumping, TUNABLE lasers, ENERGY storage, ENERGY conversion, TIME-resolved measurements
Abstract: A pulsed ∼2 mJ Fe:ZnSe laser tunable around ∼4.3 μm is used to optically pump mixtures of CO2 and He to create gain at 10 μm. A conventional low-pressure CO2 laser operating on both regular (001-100) and sequence (002-101) bands is used to study the gain dynamics of the optically pumped CO2 amplifier. Time-resolved measurements of the CO2 asymmetric stretching mode vibrational temperature, T3, as well as the translational temperature, T, are made. The measured T3 value of ∼2500 K is much higher than that typically measured in discharge pumped CO2 lasers. High gain coefficients ∼30%/cm in the optically pumped active medium are attributed to the efficient storage of energy in the asymmetric stretching mode and the selective population of the upper laser level. The measured optical-to-optical energy conversion efficiency of ∼30% for 10 μm lasing at sub-atmospheric pressures is close to the theoretical quantum limit of 40% and, thus, supports our claim of gain dynamics optimization. It is concluded that a joule-class 4.3 μm pump laser will be required for the amplification of sub-picosecond 10 μm pulses in a multi-atmosphere optically pumped CO2 active medium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2020
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21. High-Gain Harmonic-Generation Free-Electron Laser

Author: Babzien, M., Ben-Zvi, I., DiMauro, L. F., Doyuran, A., Graves, W., Johnson, E., Krinsky, S., Malone, R., Pogorelsky, I., Skaritka, J., Rakowsky, G., Solomon, L., Wang, X. J., Woodle, M., Yakimenko, V., Biedron, S. G., Galayda, J. N., Gluskin, E., Jagger, J., Sajaev, V., and Vasserman, I.
Published: 2000

22. Interferometric measurements of the resonant nonlinearity of IR-active minor air constituents

Author: Pigeon, J. J., primary, Tochitsky, S. Ya., additional, Tovey, D., additional, Louwrens, G. J., additional, Ben-Zvi, I., additional, and Joshi, C., additional
Published: 2022
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23. The real-world safety profile of SGLT2 inhibitors among adults 75 years or older: a retrospective, pharmacovigilance study

Author: Goldman, A, primary, Fishman, B, additional, Raschi, E, additional, Cukierman-Yaffe, T, additional, Dankner, R, additional, Ben-Zvi, I, additional, and Maor, E, additional
Published: 2022
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24. Exertional muscle pain in familial Mediterranean fever patients evaluated by MRI and 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Author: Kushnir, T., Eshed, I., Heled, Y., Livneh, A., Langevitz, P., Ben Zvi, I., Konen, E., and Lidar, M.
Published: 2013
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25. Revealing the Correlations between Growth Recipe and Microscopic Structure of Bi-alkali/Multi-alkali Photocathodes

Author: Lee, S.W., Attenkofer, K., Demarteau, M., Smedley, J., Ben-Zvi, I., Rao, T., Ruiz-Oses, M., Liang, X., Muller, E.M., Padmore, H., and Vecchione, T.
Published: 2012
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26. The CBETA Fractional Arc Test

Author: Hoffstaetter, Georg, primary, Trbojevic, Dejan, additional, Gulliford, C., additional, Banerjee, N., additional, Barley, J., additional, Bartnik, A., additional, Bazarov, I., additional, Ben-Zvi, I., additional, Berg, J. S., additional, Brooks, S., additional, Burke, D., additional, Crittenden, J., additional, Dobbins, J., additional, Gallagher, R., additional, Heltsley, B., additional, Hulsart, R., additional, Jones, J., additional, Jusic, D., additional, Kaplan, R., additional, Kelliher, D., additional, Kostroun, V., additional, Kuske, B., additional, Li, Y., additional, Liepe, M., additional, Lou, W., additional, Mahler, G., additional, McAteer, M., additional, Meot, F., additional, Michnoff, R., additional, Minty, M., additional, Patterson, R., additional, Peggs, S., additional, Ptitsyn, V., additional, Quigley, P., additional, Roser, T., additional, Sabol, D., additional, Sagan, D., additional, Sears, J., additional, Smolenski, K., additional, Smith, E., additional, Trabocchi, S., additional, Tuozzolo, J., additional, Tsoupas, N., additional, Veshcherevich, V., additional, Voelker, J., additional, and Widger, D., additional
Published: 2018
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27. CBETA Technical Report (CBETA Note #31)

Author: Trbojevic, Dejan, primary, Hoffstaetter, G., additional, Brooks, S., additional, Gulliford, C., additional, Bartnik, A., additional, Berg, J. S., additional, Mahler, G., additional, Tuozzolo, J., additional, Tsoupas, N., additional, Trabocci, S., additional, Lou, W., additional, Banerjee, N., additional, Barley, J., additional, Bazarov, I., additional, Ben-Zvi, I., additional, Burke, D., additional, Crittenden, J., additional, Dobbins, J., additional, Gallagher, R., additional, Heltsley, B., additional, Hulsart, R., additional, Jones, J., additional, Jusic, D., additional, Kaplan, R., additional, Kelliher, D., additional, Kostroun, V., additional, Kuske, B., additional, Li, Y., additional, Liepe, M., additional, McAteer, M., additional, Meot, F., additional, Michnoff, R., additional, Minty, M., additional, Patterson, R., additional, Peggs, S., additional, Ptitsyn, V., additional, Quigley, P., additional, Roser, T., additional, Sabol, D., additional, Sagan, D., additional, Sears, J., additional, Smolenski, K., additional, Smith, E., additional, Veshcherevich, V., additional, Voelker, J., additional, and Widger, D., additional
Published: 2018
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28. Inverse Free Electron Lasers and Laser Wakefield Acceleration Driven by CO₂ Lasers

Author: Kimura, W. D., Andreev, N. E., Babzien, M., Ben-Zvi, I., Cline, D. B., Dilley, C. E., Gottschalk, S. C., Hooker, S. M., Kusche, K. P., Kuznetsov, S. V., Pavlishin, I. V., Pogorelsky, I. V., Pogosova, A. A., Steinhauer, L. C., Ting, A., Yakimenko, V., Zigler, A., and Zhou, F.
Published: 2006
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29. High current cavity design at BNL

Author: Xu, Wencan, Ben-Zvi, I., Calaga, R., Hahn, H., Johnson, E.C., and Kewisch, J.
Published: 2010
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30. T helper 17 polarization in familial Mediterranean fever

Author: Ovadia, A, Livneh, A, Feld, O, Ben-Zvi, I, Kukuy, E, Kivity, S, Lidar, M, Barda-Saad, M, and Shinar, Y
Published: 2013
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31. SRF cavity testing using a FPGA Self Excited Loop

Author: Ben-Zvi, I., primary
Published: 2017
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32. The Large Hadron–Electron Collider at the HL-LHC

Author: Agostini, P, primary, Aksakal, H, additional, Alekhin, S, additional, Allport, P P, additional, Andari, N, additional, Andre, K D J, additional, Angal-Kalinin, D, additional, Antusch, S, additional, Aperio Bella, L, additional, Apolinario, L, additional, Apsimon, R, additional, Apyan, A, additional, Arduini, G, additional, Ari, V, additional, Armbruster, A, additional, Armesto, N, additional, Auchmann, B, additional, Aulenbacher, K, additional, Azuelos, G, additional, Backovic, S, additional, Bailey, I, additional, Bailey, S, additional, Balli, F, additional, Behera, S, additional, Behnke, O, additional, Ben-Zvi, I, additional, Benedikt, M, additional, Bernauer, J, additional, Bertolucci, S, additional, Biswal, S S, additional, Blümlein, J, additional, Bogacz, A, additional, Bonvini, M, additional, Boonekamp, M, additional, Bordry, F, additional, Boroun, G R, additional, Bottura, L, additional, Bousson, S, additional, Bouzas, A O, additional, Bracco, C, additional, Bracinik, J, additional, Britzger, D, additional, Brodsky, S J, additional, Bruni, C, additional, Brüning, O, additional, Burkhardt, H, additional, Cakir, O, additional, Calaga, R, additional, Caldwell, A, additional, Calıskan, A, additional, Camarda, S, additional, Catalan-Lasheras, N C, additional, Cassou, K, additional, Cepila, J, additional, Cetinkaya, V, additional, Chetvertkova, V, additional, Cole, B, additional, Coleppa, B, additional, Cooper-Sarkar, A, additional, Cormier, E, additional, Cornell, A S, additional, Corsini, R, additional, Cruz-Alaniz, E, additional, Currie, J, additional, Curtin, D, additional, D’Onofrio, M, additional, Dainton, J, additional, Daly, E, additional, Das, A, additional, Das, S P, additional, Dassa, L, additional, de Blas, J, additional, Delle Rose, L, additional, Denizli, H, additional, Deshpande, K S, additional, Douglas, D, additional, Duarte, L, additional, Dupraz, K, additional, Dutta, S, additional, Efremov, A V, additional, Eichhorn, R, additional, Eskola, K J, additional, Ferreiro, E G, additional, Fischer, O, additional, Flores-Sánchez, O, additional, Forte, S, additional, Gaddi, A, additional, Gao, J, additional, Gehrmann, T, additional, Gehrmann-De Ridder, A, additional, Gerigk, F, additional, Gilbert, A, additional, Giuli, F, additional, Glazov, A, additional, Glover, N, additional, Godbole, R M, additional, Goddard, B, additional, Gonçalves, V, additional, Gonzalez-Sprinberg, G A, additional, Goyal, A, additional, Grames, J, additional, Granados, E, additional, Grassellino, A, additional, Gunaydin, Y O, additional, Guo, Y C, additional, Guzey, V, additional, Gwenlan, C, additional, Hammad, A, additional, Han, C C, additional, Harland-Lang, L, additional, Haug, F, additional, Hautmann, F, additional, Hayden, D, additional, Hessler, J, additional, Helenius, I, additional, Henry, J, additional, Hernandez-Sanchez, J, additional, Hesari, H, additional, Hobbs, T J, additional, Hod, N, additional, Hoffstaetter, G H, additional, Holzer, B, additional, Honorato, C G, additional, Hounsell, B, additional, Hu, N, additional, Hug, F, additional, Huss, A, additional, Hutton, A, additional, Islam, R, additional, Iwamoto, S, additional, Jana, S, additional, Jansova, M, additional, Jensen, E, additional, Jones, T, additional, Jowett, J M, additional, Kaabi, W, additional, Kado, M, additional, Kalinin, D A, additional, Karadeniz, H, additional, Kawaguchi, S, additional, Kaya, U, additional, Khalek, R A, additional, Khanpour, H, additional, Kilic, A, additional, Klein, M, additional, Klein, U, additional, Kluth, S, additional, Köksal, M, additional, Kocak, F, additional, Korostelev, M, additional, Kostka, P, additional, Krelina, M, additional, Kretzschmar, J, additional, Kuday, S, additional, Kulipanov, G, additional, Kumar, M, additional, Kuze, M, additional, Lappi, T, additional, Larios, F, additional, Latina, A, additional, Laycock, P, additional, Lei, G, additional, Levitchev, E, additional, Levonian, S, additional, Levy, A, additional, Li, R, additional, Li, X, additional, Liang, H, additional, Litvinenko, V, additional, Liu, M, additional, Liu, T, additional, Liu, W, additional, Liu, Y, additional, Liuti, S, additional, Lobodzinska, E, additional, Longuevergne, D, additional, Luo, X, additional, Ma, W, additional, Machado, M, additional, Mandal, S, additional, Mäntysaari, H, additional, Marhauser, F, additional, Marquet, C, additional, Martens, A, additional, Martin, R, additional, Marzani, S, additional, McFayden, J, additional, Mcintosh, P, additional, Mellado, B, additional, Meot, F, additional, Milanese, A, additional, Milhano, J G, additional, Militsyn, B, additional, Mitra, M, additional, Moch, S, additional, Mohammadi Najafabadi, M, additional, Mondal, S, additional, Moretti, S, additional, Morgan, T, additional, Morreale, A, additional, Nadolsky, P, additional, Navarra, F, additional, Nergiz, Z, additional, Newman, P, additional, Niehues, J, additional, Nissen, E A, additional, Nowakowski, M, additional, Okada, N, additional, Olivier, G, additional, Olness, F, additional, Olry, G, additional, Osborne, J A, additional, Ozansoy, A, additional, Pan, R, additional, Parker, B, additional, Patra, M, additional, Paukkunen, H, additional, Peinaud, Y, additional, Pellegrini, D, additional, Perez-Segurana, G, additional, Perini, D, additional, Perrot, L, additional, Pietralla, N, additional, Pilicer, E, additional, Pire, B, additional, Pires, J, additional, Placakyte, R, additional, Poelker, M, additional, Polifka, R, additional, Polini, A, additional, Poulose, P, additional, Pownall, G, additional, Pupkov, Y A, additional, Queiroz, F S, additional, Rabbertz, K, additional, Radescu, V, additional, Rahaman, R, additional, Rai, S K, additional, Raicevic, N, additional, Ratoff, P, additional, Rashed, A, additional, Raut, D, additional, Raychaudhuri, S, additional, Repond, J, additional, Rezaeian, A H, additional, Rimmer, R, additional, Rinolfi, L, additional, Rojo, J, additional, Rosado, A, additional, Ruan, X, additional, Russenschuck, S, additional, Sahin, M, additional, Salgado, C A, additional, Sampayo, O A, additional, Satendra, K, additional, Satyanarayan, N, additional, Schenke, B, additional, Schirm, K, additional, Schopper, H, additional, Schott, M, additional, Schulte, D, additional, Schwanenberger, C, additional, Sekine, T, additional, Senol, A, additional, Seryi, A, additional, Setiniyaz, S, additional, Shang, L, additional, Shen, X, additional, Shipman, N, additional, Sinha, N, additional, Slominski, W, additional, Smith, S, additional, Solans, C, additional, Song, M, additional, Spiesberger, H, additional, Stanyard, J, additional, Starostenko, A, additional, Stasto, A, additional, Stocchi, A, additional, Strikman, M, additional, Stuart, M J, additional, Sultansoy, S, additional, Sun, H, additional, Sutton, M, additional, Szymanowski, L, additional, Tapan, I, additional, Tapia-Takaki, D, additional, Tanaka, M, additional, Tang, Y, additional, Tasci, A T, additional, Ten-Kate, A T, additional, Thonet, P, additional, Tomas-Garcia, R, additional, Tommasini, D, additional, Trbojevic, D, additional, Trott, M, additional, Tsurin, I, additional, Tudora, A, additional, Turk Cakir, I, additional, Tywoniuk, K, additional, Vallerand, C, additional, Valloni, A, additional, Verney, D, additional, Vilella, E, additional, Walker, D, additional, Wallon, S, additional, Wang, B, additional, Wang, K, additional, Wang, X, additional, Wang, Z S, additional, Wei, H, additional, Welsch, C, additional, Willering, G, additional, Williams, P H, additional, Wollmann, D, additional, Xiaohao, C, additional, Xu, T, additional, Yaguna, C E, additional, Yamaguchi, Y, additional, Yamazaki, Y, additional, Yang, H, additional, Yilmaz, A, additional, Yock, P, additional, Yue, C X, additional, Zadeh, S G, additional, Zenaiev, O, additional, Zhang, C, additional, Zhang, J, additional, Zhang, R, additional, Zhang, Z, additional, Zhu, G, additional, Zhu, S, additional, Zimmermann, F, additional, Zomer, F, additional, Zurita, J, additional, and Zurita, P, additional
Published: 2021
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33. Resonant nonlinear refraction of 4–5−μm light in CO and CO2 gas

Author: Pigeon, J. J., primary, Tovey, D., additional, Tochitsky, S. Ya., additional, Louwrens, G. J., additional, Ben-Zvi, I., additional, Martyshkin, D., additional, Fedorov, V., additional, Karki, K., additional, Mirov, S., additional, and Joshi, C., additional
Published: 2021
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34. PCSK9 inhibitors associated hyperglycemic disorders: a real world, pharmacovigilance study

Author: Goldman, A G, primary, Raschi, E R, additional, Cukierman-Yaffe, T Y, additional, Dankner, R D, additional, Shouval, R S, additional, Shechter, M D, additional, Ben-Zvi, I B Z, additional, and Maor, E M, additional
Published: 2021
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35. Wall-plug efficiency and beam dynamics in free-electron lasers using energy recovery linacs

Author: Sprangle, P., Penano, J., Hafizi, B., and Ben-Zvi, I.
Subjects: Amplifiers (Electronics) -- Usage, Electron beams -- Technology application, Frequency modulation -- Measurement, Semiconductor lasers -- Innovations, Technology application, Business, Computers, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Published: 2010

36. A model of a subcritical Joule–Thomson cryocooler with condensation inside the recuperator

Author: Shusser, M., Ben-Zvi, I., Maytal, B.-Z., and Grossman, G.
Published: 2009
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37. The Large Hadron–Electron Collider at the HL-LHC

Author: Agostini, P, Aksakal, H, Alekhin, S, Allport, P P, Andari, N, Andre, K D J, Angal-Kalinin, D, Antusch, S, Aperio Bella, L, Apolinario, L, Apsimon, R, Apyan, A, Arduini, G, Ari, V, Armbruster, A, Armesto, N, Auchmann, B, Aulenbacher, K, Azuelos, G, Backovic, S, Bailey, I, Bailey, S, Balli, F, Behera, S, Behnke, O, Ben-Zvi, I, Benedikt, M, Bernauer, J, Bertolucci, S, Biswal, S S, Blümlein, J, Bogacz, A, Bonvini, M, Boonekamp, M, Bordry, F, Boroun, G R, Bottura, L, Bousson, S, Bouzas, A O, Bracco, C, Bracinik, J, Britzger, D, Brodsky, S J, Bruni, C, Brüning, O, Burkhardt, H, Cakir, O, Calaga, R, Caldwell, A, Calıskan, A, Camarda, S, Catalan-Lasheras, N C, Cassou, K, Cepila, J, Cetinkaya, V, Chetvertkova, V, Cole, B, Coleppa, B, Cooper-Sarkar, A, Cormier, E, Cornell, A S, Corsini, R, Cruz-Alaniz, E, Currie, J, Curtin, D, D’Onofrio, M, Dainton, J, Daly, E, Das, A, Das, S P, Dassa, L, de Blas, J, Delle Rose, L, Denizli, H, Deshpande, K S, Douglas, D, Duarte, L, Dupraz, K, Dutta, S, Efremov, A V, Eichhorn, R, Eskola, K J, Ferreiro, E G, Fischer, O, Flores-Sánchez, O, Forte, S, Gaddi, A, Gao, J, Gehrmann, T, Gehrmann-De Ridder, A, Gerigk, F, Gilbert, A, Giuli, F, Glazov, A, Glover, N, Godbole, R M, Goddard, B, Gonçalves, V, Gonzalez-Sprinberg, G A, Goyal, A, Grames, J, Granados, E, Grassellino, A, Gunaydin, Y O, Guo, Y C, Guzey, V, Gwenlan, C, Hammad, A, Han, C C, Harland-Lang, L, Haug, F, Hautmann, F, Hayden, D, Hessler, J, Helenius, I, Henry, J, Hernandez-Sanchez, J, Hesari, H, Hobbs, T J, Hod, N, Hoffstaetter, G H, Holzer, B, Honorato, C G, Hounsell, B, Hu, N, Hug, F, Huss, A, Hutton, A, Islam, R, Iwamoto, S, Jana, S, Jansova, M, Jensen, E, Jones, T, Jowett, J M, Kaabi, W, Kado, M, Kalinin, D A, Karadeniz, H, Kawaguchi, S, Kaya, U, Khalek, R A, Khanpour, Hamzeh, Kilic, A, Klein, M, Klein, U, Kluth, S, Köksal, M, Kocak, F, Korostelev, M, Kostka, P, Krelina, M, Kretzschmar, J, Kuday, S, Kulipanov, G, Kumar, M, Kuze, M, Lappi, T, Larios, F, Latina, A, Laycock, P, Lei, G, Levitchev, E, Levonian, S, Levy, A, Li, R, Li, X, Liang, H, Litvinenko, V, Liu, M, Liu, T, Liu, W, Liu, Y, Liuti, S, Lobodzinska, E, Longuevergne, D, Luo, X, Ma, W, Machado, M, Mandal, S, Mäntysaari, H, Marhauser, F, Marquet, C, Martens, A, Martin, R, Marzani, S, McFayden, J, Mcintosh, P, Mellado, B, Meot, F, Milanese, A, Milhano, J G, Militsyn, B, Mitra, M, Moch, S, Mohammadi Najafabadi, M, Mondal, S, Moretti, S, Morgan, T, Morreale, A, Nadolsky, P, Navarra, F, Nergiz, Z, Newman, P, Niehues, J, Nissen, E A, Nowakowski, M, Okada, N, Olivier, G, Olness, F, Olry, G, Osborne, J A, Ozansoy, A, Pan, R, Parker, B, Patra, M, Paukkunen, H, Peinaud, Y, Pellegrini, D, Perez-Segurana, G, Perini, D, Perrot, L, Pietralla, N, Pilicer, E, Pire, B, Pires, J, Placakyte, R, Poelker, M, Polifka, R, Polini, A, Poulose, P, Pownall, G, Pupkov, Y A, Queiroz, F S, Rabbertz, K, Radescu, V, Rahaman, R, Rai, S K, Raicevic, N, Ratoff, P, Rashed, A, Raut, D, Raychaudhuri, S, Repond, J, Rezaeian, A H, Rimmer, R, Rinolfi, L, Rojo, J, Rosado, A, Ruan, X, Russenschuck, S, Sahin, M, Salgado, C A, Sampayo, O A, Satendra, K, Satyanarayan, N, Schenke, B, Schirm, K, Schopper, H, Schott, M, Schulte, D, Schwanenberger, C, Sekine, T, Senol, A, Seryi, A, Setiniyaz, S, Shang, L, Shen, X, Shipman, N, Sinha, N, Slominski, W, Smith, S, Solans, C, Song, M, Spiesberger, H, Stanyard, J, Starostenko, A, Stasto, A, Stocchi, A, Strikman, M, Stuart, M J, Sultansoy, S, Sun, H, Sutton, M, Szymanowski, L, Tapan, I, Tapia-Takaki, D, Tanaka, M, Tang, Y, Tasci, A T, Ten-Kate, A T, Thonet, P, Tomas-Garcia, R, Tommasini, D, Trbojevic, D, Trott, M, Tsurin, I, Tudora, A, Turk Cakir, I, Tywoniuk, K, Vallerand, C, Valloni, A, Verney, D, Vilella, E, Walker, D, Wallon, S, Wang, B, Wang, K, Wang, X, Wang, Z S, Wei, H, Welsch, C, Willering, G, Williams, P H, Wollmann, D, Xiaohao, C, Xu, T, Yaguna, C E, Yamaguchi, Y, Yamazaki, Y, Yang, H, Yilmaz, A, Yock, P, Yue, C X, Zadeh, S G, Zenaiev, O, Zhang, C, Zhang, J, Zhang, R, Zhang, Z, Zhu, G, Zhu, S, Zimmermann, F, Zomer, F, Zurita, J, Zurita, P, Agostini, P, Aksakal, H, Alekhin, S, Allport, P P, Andari, N, Andre, K D J, Angal-Kalinin, D, Antusch, S, Aperio Bella, L, Apolinario, L, Apsimon, R, Apyan, A, Arduini, G, Ari, V, Armbruster, A, Armesto, N, Auchmann, B, Aulenbacher, K, Azuelos, G, Backovic, S, Bailey, I, Bailey, S, Balli, F, Behera, S, Behnke, O, Ben-Zvi, I, Benedikt, M, Bernauer, J, Bertolucci, S, Biswal, S S, Blümlein, J, Bogacz, A, Bonvini, M, Boonekamp, M, Bordry, F, Boroun, G R, Bottura, L, Bousson, S, Bouzas, A O, Bracco, C, Bracinik, J, Britzger, D, Brodsky, S J, Bruni, C, Brüning, O, Burkhardt, H, Cakir, O, Calaga, R, Caldwell, A, Calıskan, A, Camarda, S, Catalan-Lasheras, N C, Cassou, K, Cepila, J, Cetinkaya, V, Chetvertkova, V, Cole, B, Coleppa, B, Cooper-Sarkar, A, Cormier, E, Cornell, A S, Corsini, R, Cruz-Alaniz, E, Currie, J, Curtin, D, D’Onofrio, M, Dainton, J, Daly, E, Das, A, Das, S P, Dassa, L, de Blas, J, Delle Rose, L, Denizli, H, Deshpande, K S, Douglas, D, Duarte, L, Dupraz, K, Dutta, S, Efremov, A V, Eichhorn, R, Eskola, K J, Ferreiro, E G, Fischer, O, Flores-Sánchez, O, Forte, S, Gaddi, A, Gao, J, Gehrmann, T, Gehrmann-De Ridder, A, Gerigk, F, Gilbert, A, Giuli, F, Glazov, A, Glover, N, Godbole, R M, Goddard, B, Gonçalves, V, Gonzalez-Sprinberg, G A, Goyal, A, Grames, J, Granados, E, Grassellino, A, Gunaydin, Y O, Guo, Y C, Guzey, V, Gwenlan, C, Hammad, A, Han, C C, Harland-Lang, L, Haug, F, Hautmann, F, Hayden, D, Hessler, J, Helenius, I, Henry, J, Hernandez-Sanchez, J, Hesari, H, Hobbs, T J, Hod, N, Hoffstaetter, G H, Holzer, B, Honorato, C G, Hounsell, B, Hu, N, Hug, F, Huss, A, Hutton, A, Islam, R, Iwamoto, S, Jana, S, Jansova, M, Jensen, E, Jones, T, Jowett, J M, Kaabi, W, Kado, M, Kalinin, D A, Karadeniz, H, Kawaguchi, S, Kaya, U, Khalek, R A, Khanpour, Hamzeh, Kilic, A, Klein, M, Klein, U, Kluth, S, Köksal, M, Kocak, F, Korostelev, M, Kostka, P, Krelina, M, Kretzschmar, J, Kuday, S, Kulipanov, G, Kumar, M, Kuze, M, Lappi, T, Larios, F, Latina, A, Laycock, P, Lei, G, Levitchev, E, Levonian, S, Levy, A, Li, R, Li, X, Liang, H, Litvinenko, V, Liu, M, Liu, T, Liu, W, Liu, Y, Liuti, S, Lobodzinska, E, Longuevergne, D, Luo, X, Ma, W, Machado, M, Mandal, S, Mäntysaari, H, Marhauser, F, Marquet, C, Martens, A, Martin, R, Marzani, S, McFayden, J, Mcintosh, P, Mellado, B, Meot, F, Milanese, A, Milhano, J G, Militsyn, B, Mitra, M, Moch, S, Mohammadi Najafabadi, M, Mondal, S, Moretti, S, Morgan, T, Morreale, A, Nadolsky, P, Navarra, F, Nergiz, Z, Newman, P, Niehues, J, Nissen, E A, Nowakowski, M, Okada, N, Olivier, G, Olness, F, Olry, G, Osborne, J A, Ozansoy, A, Pan, R, Parker, B, Patra, M, Paukkunen, H, Peinaud, Y, Pellegrini, D, Perez-Segurana, G, Perini, D, Perrot, L, Pietralla, N, Pilicer, E, Pire, B, Pires, J, Placakyte, R, Poelker, M, Polifka, R, Polini, A, Poulose, P, Pownall, G, Pupkov, Y A, Queiroz, F S, Rabbertz, K, Radescu, V, Rahaman, R, Rai, S K, Raicevic, N, Ratoff, P, Rashed, A, Raut, D, Raychaudhuri, S, Repond, J, Rezaeian, A H, Rimmer, R, Rinolfi, L, Rojo, J, Rosado, A, Ruan, X, Russenschuck, S, Sahin, M, Salgado, C A, Sampayo, O A, Satendra, K, Satyanarayan, N, Schenke, B, Schirm, K, Schopper, H, Schott, M, Schulte, D, Schwanenberger, C, Sekine, T, Senol, A, Seryi, A, Setiniyaz, S, Shang, L, Shen, X, Shipman, N, Sinha, N, Slominski, W, Smith, S, Solans, C, Song, M, Spiesberger, H, Stanyard, J, Starostenko, A, Stasto, A, Stocchi, A, Strikman, M, Stuart, M J, Sultansoy, S, Sun, H, Sutton, M, Szymanowski, L, Tapan, I, Tapia-Takaki, D, Tanaka, M, Tang, Y, Tasci, A T, Ten-Kate, A T, Thonet, P, Tomas-Garcia, R, Tommasini, D, Trbojevic, D, Trott, M, Tsurin, I, Tudora, A, Turk Cakir, I, Tywoniuk, K, Vallerand, C, Valloni, A, Verney, D, Vilella, E, Walker, D, Wallon, S, Wang, B, Wang, K, Wang, X, Wang, Z S, Wei, H, Welsch, C, Willering, G, Williams, P H, Wollmann, D, Xiaohao, C, Xu, T, Yaguna, C E, Yamaguchi, Y, Yamazaki, Y, Yang, H, Yilmaz, A, Yock, P, Yue, C X, Zadeh, S G, Zenaiev, O, Zhang, C, Zhang, J, Zhang, R, Zhang, Z, Zhu, G, Zhu, S, Zimmermann, F, Zomer, F, Zurita, J, and Zurita, P
Abstract: The Large Hadron–Electron Collider (LHeC) is designed to move the field of deep inelastic scattering (DIS) to the energy and intensity frontier of particle physics. Exploiting energy-recovery technology, it collides a novel, intense electron beam with a proton or ion beam from the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC). The accelerator and interaction region are designed for concurrent electron–proton and proton–proton operations. This report represents an update to the LHeC's conceptual design report (CDR), published in 2012. It comprises new results on the parton structure of the proton and heavier nuclei, QCD dynamics, and electroweak and top-quark physics. It is shown how the LHeC will open a new chapter of nuclear particle physics by extending the accessible kinematic range of lepton–nucleus scattering by several orders of magnitude. Due to its enhanced luminosity and large energy and the cleanliness of the final hadronic states, the LHeC has a strong Higgs physics programme and its own discovery potential for new physics. Building on the 2012 CDR, this report contains a detailed updated design for the energy-recovery electron linac (ERL), including a new lattice, magnet and superconducting radio-frequency technology, and further components. Challenges of energy recovery are described, and the lower-energy, high-current, three-turn ERL facility, PERLE at Orsay, is presented, which uses the LHeC characteristics serving as a development facility for the design and operation of the LHeC. An updated detector design is presented corresponding to the acceptance, resolution, and calibration goals that arise from the Higgs and parton-density-function physics programmes. This paper also presents novel results for the Future Circular Collider in electron–hadron (FCC-eh) mode, which utilises the same ERL technology to further extend the reach of DIS to even higher centre-of-mass energies.
Published: 2021

38. First demonstration of the use of crab cavities on hadron beams

Author: Calaga, R., Alekou, A., Antoniou, F., Appleby, R.B., Arnaudon, L., Artoos, K., Arduini, G., Baglin, V., Barriere, S., Bartosik, H., Baudrenghien, P., Ben-Zvi, I., Bohl, T., Boucherie, A., Brüning, O.S., Brodzinski, K., Butterworth, A., Burt, G., Capatina, O., Calvo, S., Capelli, T., Carlà, M., Carra, F., Carver, L.R., Castilla-Loeza, A., Daly, E., Dassa, L., Delayen, J., De Silva, S.U., Dexter, A., Garlasche, M., Gerigk, F., Giordanino, L., Glenat, D., Guinchard, M., Harrison, A., Jensen, E., Julie, C., Jones, T., Killing, F., Krawczyk, A., Levens, T., Leuxe, R., Lindstrom, B., Li, Z., MacEwen, A., MacPherson, A., Menendez, P., Mikkola, T., Minginette, P., Mitchell, J., Montesinos, E., Papotti, G., Park, H., Pasquino, C., Pattalwar, S., Pleite, E.C., Powers, T., Prochal, B., Ratti, A., Rossi, L., Rude, V., Therasse, M., Tomás, R., Stapley, N., Santillana, I., Shipman, N., Simonin, J., Sosin, M., Swieszek, J., Templeton, N., Vandoni, G., Verdú-Andrés, S., Wartak, M., Welsch, C., Wollman, D., Wu, Q., Xiao, B., Yamakawa, E., Zanoni, C., Zimmermann, F., Zwozniak, A., Calaga, R., Alekou, A., Antoniou, F., Appleby, R.B., Arnaudon, L., Artoos, K., Arduini, G., Baglin, V., Barriere, S., Bartosik, H., Baudrenghien, P., Ben-Zvi, I., Bohl, T., Boucherie, A., Brüning, O.S., Brodzinski, K., Butterworth, A., Burt, G., Capatina, O., Calvo, S., Capelli, T., Carlà, M., Carra, F., Carver, L.R., Castilla-Loeza, A., Daly, E., Dassa, L., Delayen, J., De Silva, S.U., Dexter, A., Garlasche, M., Gerigk, F., Giordanino, L., Glenat, D., Guinchard, M., Harrison, A., Jensen, E., Julie, C., Jones, T., Killing, F., Krawczyk, A., Levens, T., Leuxe, R., Lindstrom, B., Li, Z., MacEwen, A., MacPherson, A., Menendez, P., Mikkola, T., Minginette, P., Mitchell, J., Montesinos, E., Papotti, G., Park, H., Pasquino, C., Pattalwar, S., Pleite, E.C., Powers, T., Prochal, B., Ratti, A., Rossi, L., Rude, V., Therasse, M., Tomás, R., Stapley, N., Santillana, I., Shipman, N., Simonin, J., Sosin, M., Swieszek, J., Templeton, N., Vandoni, G., Verdú-Andrés, S., Wartak, M., Welsch, C., Wollman, D., Wu, Q., Xiao, B., Yamakawa, E., Zanoni, C., Zimmermann, F., and Zwozniak, A.
Abstract: Many future particle colliders require beam crabbing to recover geometric luminosity loss from the nonzero crossing angle at the interaction point (IP). A first demonstration experiment of crabbing with hadron beams was successfully carried out with high energy protons. This breakthrough result is fundamental to achieve the physics goals of the high luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider (FCC). The expected peak luminosity gain (related to collision rate) is 65% for HL-LHC and even greater for the FCC. Novel beam physics experiments with proton beams in CERN's Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) were performed to demonstrate several critical aspects for the operation of crab cavities in the future HL-LHC including transparency with a pair of cavities, a full characterization of the cavity impedance with high beam currents, controlled emittance growth from crab cavity induced rf noise. © 2021 American Physical Society. All rights reserved.
Published: 2021

39. LHeC and eRHIC

Author: Ben-Zvi, I., Burrill, A., The ATLAS Collaboration, Sultansoy, Saleh, Bai, M., Litvinenko, V. N., Beebe-Wang, J., Blaskiewicz, M., Ben-Zvi, I., Burrill, A., The ATLAS Collaboration, Sultansoy, Saleh, Bai, M., Litvinenko, V. N., Beebe-Wang, J., and Blaskiewicz, M.
Abstract: This paper is focused on possible designs and predicted performances of two proposed high-energy, high-luminosity electron-hadron colliders: eRHIC at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL, Upton, NY, USA) and LHeC at Organisation Européenne pour la Recherche Nucléaire (CERN, Geneve, Switzerland). The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC, BNL) and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC, CERN) are designed as versatile colliders. RHIC is colliding various species of hadrons staring from polarized protons to un-polarized heavy ions (such as fully stripped Au (gold) ions) in various combinations: polarized p-p, d-Au, Cu-Cu, Au-Au. Maximum energy in RHIC is 250 GeV (per beam) for polarized protons and 100 GeV/n for heavy ions. There is planed expansion of the variety of species to include polarized He3 and un-polarized fully stripped U (uranium). LHeC is designed to collide both un-polarized protons with energy up to 7 TeV per beam and fully stripped Pb (lead) ions with energy up to 3 TeV/n. Both eRHIC and LHeC plan to add polarized electrons (or/and positrons) to the list of colliding species in these versatile hadron colliders. In eRHIC 10-20 GeV electrons would collide with hadrons circulating in RHIC. In LHeC 50-150 GeV polarized leptons will collided with LHC's hadron beams. Both colliders plan to operate in electron-proton (in RHIC case protons are polarized as well) and electron-ion collider modes. eRHIC and LHeC colliders are complimentary both in the energy reach and in their physics goals. I will discuss in this paper possible choices of the accelerator technology for the electron part of the collider for both eRHIC and LHeC, and will present predicted performance for the colliders. In addition, possible staging scenarios for these colliders will be discussed. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-ShareAlike Licence., Center for Accelerator Science and Education, , Upton, NY, United States
Published: 2021

40. LHeC and eRHIC

Author: Beebe-Wang, J., Blaskiewicz, M., Ben-Zvi, I., Litvinenko, V. N., Burrill, A., Bai, M., The ATLAS Collaboration, Sultansoy, Saleh, Beebe-Wang, J., Blaskiewicz, M., Ben-Zvi, I., Litvinenko, V. N., Burrill, A., Bai, M., The ATLAS Collaboration, and Sultansoy, Saleh
Abstract: This paper is focused on possible designs and predicted performances of two proposed high-energy, high-luminosity electron-hadron colliders: eRHIC at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL, Upton, NY, USA) and LHeC at Organisation Européenne pour la Recherche Nucléaire (CERN, Geneve, Switzerland). The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC, BNL) and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC, CERN) are designed as versatile colliders. RHIC is colliding various species of hadrons staring from polarized protons to un-polarized heavy ions (such as fully stripped Au (gold) ions) in various combinations: polarized p-p, d-Au, Cu-Cu, Au-Au. Maximum energy in RHIC is 250 GeV (per beam) for polarized protons and 100 GeV/n for heavy ions. There is planed expansion of the variety of species to include polarized He3 and un-polarized fully stripped U (uranium). LHeC is designed to collide both un-polarized protons with energy up to 7 TeV per beam and fully stripped Pb (lead) ions with energy up to 3 TeV/n. Both eRHIC and LHeC plan to add polarized electrons (or/and positrons) to the list of colliding species in these versatile hadron colliders. In eRHIC 10-20 GeV electrons would collide with hadrons circulating in RHIC. In LHeC 50-150 GeV polarized leptons will collided with LHC's hadron beams. Both colliders plan to operate in electron-proton (in RHIC case protons are polarized as well) and electron-ion collider modes. eRHIC and LHeC colliders are complimentary both in the energy reach and in their physics goals. I will discuss in this paper possible choices of the accelerator technology for the electron part of the collider for both eRHIC and LHeC, and will present predicted performance for the colliders. In addition, possible staging scenarios for these colliders will be discussed. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-ShareAlike Licence., Center for Accelerator Science and Education, , Upton, NY, United States
Published: 2021

41. Observation of the nonlinear effect in relativistic Thomson scattering of electron and laser beams

Author: Kumita, T., Kamiya, Y., Babzien, M., Ben-Zvi, I., Kusche, K., Pavlishin, I. V., Pogorelsky, I. V., Siddons, D. P., Yakimenko, V., Hirose, T., Omori, T., Urakawa, J., Yokoya, K., Cline, D., and Zhou, F.
Published: 2006
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42. First demonstration of the use of crab cavities on hadron beams

Author: Calaga, R., primary, Alekou, A., additional, Antoniou, F., additional, Appleby, R. B., additional, Arnaudon, L., additional, Artoos, K., additional, Arduini, G., additional, Baglin, V., additional, Barriere, S., additional, Bartosik, H., additional, Baudrenghien, P., additional, Ben-Zvi, I., additional, Bohl, T., additional, Boucherie, A., additional, Brüning, O. S., additional, Brodzinski, K., additional, Butterworth, A., additional, Burt, G., additional, Capatina, O., additional, Calvo, S., additional, Capelli, T., additional, Carlà, M., additional, Carra, F., additional, Carver, L. R., additional, Castilla-Loeza, A., additional, Daly, E., additional, Dassa, L., additional, Delayen, J., additional, De Silva, S. U., additional, Dexter, A., additional, Garlasche, M., additional, Gerigk, F., additional, Giordanino, L., additional, Glenat, D., additional, Guinchard, M., additional, Harrison, A., additional, Jensen, E., additional, Julie, C., additional, Jones, T., additional, Killing, F., additional, Krawczyk, A., additional, Levens, T., additional, Leuxe, R., additional, Lindstrom, B., additional, Li, Z., additional, MacEwen, A., additional, Macpherson, A., additional, Menendez, P., additional, Mikkola, T., additional, Minginette, P., additional, Mitchell, J., additional, Montesinos, E., additional, Papotti, G., additional, Park, H., additional, Pasquino, C., additional, Pattalwar, S., additional, Pleite, E. C., additional, Powers, T., additional, Prochal, B., additional, Ratti, A., additional, Rossi, L., additional, Rude, V., additional, Therasse, M., additional, Tomás, R., additional, Stapley, N., additional, Santillana, I., additional, Shipman, N., additional, Simonin, J., additional, Sosin, M., additional, Swieszek, J., additional, Templeton, N., additional, Vandoni, G., additional, Verdú-Andrés, S., additional, Wartak, M., additional, Welsch, C., additional, Wollman, D., additional, Wu, Q., additional, Xiao, B., additional, Yamakawa, E., additional, Zanoni, C., additional, Zimmermann, F., additional, and Zwozniak, A., additional
Published: 2021
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43. Modeling quantum yield, emittance, and surface roughness effects from metallic photocathodes.

Author: Dimitrov, D. A., Bell, G. I., Smedley, J., Ben-Zvi, I., Feng, J., Karkare, S., and Padmore, H. A.
Subjects: EFFICIENCY of photocathodes, QUANTUM efficiency, QUANTUM chemistry, SURFACE roughness, ELECTRON emission, LIGHT absorption, ELECTRON scattering, ELECTRONIC excitation
Abstract: Detailed measurements of momentum distributions of emitted electrons have allowed the investigation of the thermal limit of the transverse emittance from metal photocathodes. Furthermore, recent developments in material design and growth have resulted in photocathodes that can deliver high quantum efficiency and are sufficiently robust to use in high electric field gradient photoinjectors and free electron lasers. The growth process usually produces photoemissive material layers with rough surface profiles that lead to transverse accelerating fields and possible work function variations, resulting in emittance growth. To better understand the effects of temperature, density of states, and surface roughness on the properties of emitted electrons, we have developed realistic three-dimensional models for photocathode materials with grated surface structures. They include general modeling of electron excitation due to photon absorption, charge transport, and emission from flat and rough metallic surfaces. The models also include image charge and field enhancement effects. We report results from simulations with flat and rough surfaces to investigate how electron scattering, controlled roughness, work function variation, and field enhancement affect emission properties. Comparison of simulation results with measurements of the quantum yield and transverse emittance from flat Sb emission surfaces shows the importance of including efficient modeling of photon absorption, temperature effects, and the material density of states to achieve agreement with the experimental data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2017
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44. Pseudoresonant laser wakefield acceleration driven by 10.6-[micro]m laser light

Author: Kimura, W.D., Andreev, N.E., Babzien, M., Ben-Zvi, I., Cline, D.B., Dilley, C.E., Gottschalk, S.C., Hooker, S.M., Kusche, K.P., Kuznetsov, S.V., Pavlishin, I.V., Pogorelsky, I.V., Pogosova, A.A., Steinhauer, L.C., Ting, A., Yakimenko, A., Zigler, A., and Zhou, F.
Subjects: Electron accelerators -- Research, Lasers -- Research, Laser, Business, Chemistry, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract: This paper describes an experiment to demonstrate, for the first time, laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA), driven by 10.6-[mu]m light from a C[O.sub.2] laser. This experiment is also noteworthy because it will operate in a pseudoresonant LWFA regime, in which the laser-pulse-length is too long for resonant LWFA, but too short for self-modulated LWFA. Nonetheless, high acceleration gradients are still possible. This experiment builds upon an earlier experiment called staged electron laser acceleration (STELLA), where efficient trapping and monoenergetic laser acceleration of electrons were demonstrated using inverse free electron lasers. The aim is to apply the STELLA approach of laser-driven microbunch formation followed by laser-driven trapping and acceleration to LWFA. These capabilities are important for a practical electron linear accelerator based upon LWFA. Index Terms--Capillary discharge, carbon dioxide lasers, electron accelerators, laser accelerators, laser wakefield acceleration.
Published: 2005

45. ER@CEBAF: A test of 5-pass energy recovery at CEBAF

Author: Bogacz, S. A., primary, Douglas, D., additional, Dubbe, C., additional, Hutton, A., additional, Michalski, T., additional, Pilat, F., additional, Roblin, Y., additional, Satogata, T., additional, Spata, M., additional, Tennant, C., additional, Tiefenback, M., additional, Ben-Zvi, I., additional, Hao, Y., additional, Korysko, P., additional, Liu, C., additional, Meot, F., additional, Minty, M., additional, Ptitsyn, V., additional, Robert-Demolaize, G., additional, Roser, T., additional, Thieberger, P., additional, and Tsoupas, N., additional
Published: 2016
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46. High current superconducting gun at 703.75 MHz

Author: Calaga, R., Ben-Zvi, I., Blaskiewicz, M., Chang, X., Kayran, D., and Litvinenko, V.
Published: 2006
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47. Review of various approaches to address high currents in SRF electron linacs

Author: Ben-Zvi, I.
Published: 2006
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48. Design, construction and performance of all niobium superconducting radio frequency electron gun

Author: Rao, T., Ben-Zvi, I., Burrill, A., Hahn, H., Kayran, D., Zhao, Y., Kneisel, P., Bluem, H., Cole, M., Favale, A., Peterson, E., Schultheiss, T., and Rathke, J.
Published: 2006
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49. Ampere class linacs: Status report on the BNL cryomodule

Author: Calaga, R., Ben-Zvi, I., Brennan, J., Bowmann, R., Burrill, A., Chang, X., Cameron, P., Citver, G., Gassner, D., Hahn, H., Harrison, M., Hershcovitch, A., Jain, A., Litvinenko, V., McIntyre, G., Montag, C., Nicoletti, A., Kayran, D., Fedotov, A., Kewisch, J., Mackay, W., Pate, D., Peggs, S., Rank, J., Roser, T., Scaduto, J., Rao, T., Trbojevic, D., Zaltsman, A., Wu, K.C., Zhao, Y., Bluem, H., Burger, A., Cole, M., Favale, A., Holmes, D., Rathke, J., Schultheiss, T., and Todd, A.
Published: 2006
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50. Summary, Working Group 1: Electron guns and injector designs

Author: Ben-Zvi, I. and Bazarov, I.V.
Published: 2006
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