Search

Burnout and work satisfaction have been shown to be associated with risk of commuting crashes and drowsy driving. Although health care workers (HCWs) were found to have high burnout, no study has yet examined the relationship between burnout and commuting crashes in this occupational group.The objective of this study was to examine the relationships between burnout, commuting crashes and drowsy driving among HCWs.A cross-sectional study was conducted among 291 HCWs in a tertiary hospital, using an online survey focusing on burnout subscales, work satisfaction, commuting crashes, and drowsy driving to and from work.One third of the sample population reported commuting crashes that led to physical, mental, and quality-of-life harms in more than half of them. Burnout was not associated with commuting crashes; however, it was associated with increased drowsy driving. Nurses reported on more physical, emotional, and quality-of-life harms, and administrative staff reported on more physical harm. Low work satisfaction was significantly associated with higher severity of reported mental harm (p = 0.01).Burnout and commuting crashes are more common among physician and nurses, compared to other HCWs. Work satisfaction and sense of personal accomplishment can reduce the negative outcomes of commuting crashes and may contribute to recovery of HCWs after commuting crashes.

Learning objectives Background Imaging findings OR Procedure details Conclusion Personal information References, Learning objectives: Review imaging appearances of radial scars on contrast enhanced mammography (CESM) Explore the role of CESM in the pre-treatment characterisation and subsequent management of radial scars Correlate radial scar ultrasound appearances in local...

OBJECTIVES To examine correlations of the modified Bosniak categories assigned by radiologists to histological results and inter-rater reliability, focusing on intermediate-risk lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS The data of pediatric patients who underwent surgery for intermediate-risk complex renal cyst at a tertiary medical center in 2006-2019 were collected retrospectively. Four pediatric radiologists from 2 different medical centers reviewed the available imaging scans, and assigned each to one of the four modified Bosniak classification categories. Binary cohorts of the Bosniak categories (I-II vs III-IV) were compared to the histological results. Diagnostic accuracy (benign- vs intermediate-risk lesion) was calculated for each radiologist and for each imaging modality. Krippendorff's α test was used to measure inter-rater reliability. RESULTS The cohort included seven children, each with 1 complex cyst that was rated as intermediate-risk on pathological study. The median age was 1.5 years (IQR 1, 11.9). A correct classification was made in 41/56 imaging readings (sensitivity 73.2%). Applying Krippendorff's test to the binary Bosniak cohorts yielded poor inter-rater agreement (α = 0.08). CONCLUSION Implementation of the modified Bosniak classification in children caused a disconcerting underestimation of intermediate risk. There was a low inter-rater consistency for the categories intended to guide decisions regarding surgery or conservative management. The findings suggest that clinicians should be cautious using the modified Bosniak system for children.

OBJECTIVES Ultrasound (US) is an important modality for the detection of acute appendicitis in children but has limited sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, additional US findings may contribute to the diagnosis. In our experience, children with acute appendicitis often have increased renal cortical echogenicity on US imaging. The purpose of this study was to examine the association of increased renal cortical echogenicity with appendicitis. METHODS This study included 240 consecutive pediatric patients with no renal or liver disease who underwent US examinations for suspected appendicitis between February 2014 and January 2016. Ultrasound images of the liver and right kidney were retrospectively reviewed, and the echogenicity of the renal cortex was classified as less than the liver, equal to the liver, or greater than the liver. RESULTS The renal cortex was abnormally hyperechoic in 38 (50%) of all of the patients who had appendicitis according to US (P

Accessory spleen is not a common finding, usually located nearby the normal anatomic location of the spleen, oftentimes in the splenic hilum, the great omentum and the pancreas. Pelvic accessory spleen is a very rare finding, mostly asymptomatic and incidentally radiologically detected. Herein, we present an 18 years old male who underwent an investigation for daytime urinary frequency and suspicious small right pelvic mass was demonstrated by both ultrasound and MRI scans. In view of being a potentially malignant tumor, a robotic-assisted removal was uneventfully performed and the final pathology was surprisingly compatible with an accessory spleen.

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to describe the incidence and appearance of accessory adrenal tissue in neonates, as diagnosed by high-resolution sonography, and increase the awareness of this entity. METHODS We examined the adrenal glands in 153 neonates referred for renal and urinary tract sonography at our institution between January 2014 and January 2015. All kidneys and adrenal glands, except for ectopic kidneys, were scanned with the neonate prone and a linear array transducer with frequency of 11 or 14 MHz. RESULTS In 9 neonates (5.9%), sonography showed a round, well-defined structure adjacent to the adrenal gland with a hyperechoic center and hypoechoic periphery, similar to the echogenicity of the normal adrenal medulla and cortex, respectively. The largest diameter of the structure measured 2.9 to 4.5 mm. On follow-up studies, which were available for 7 neonates, the structure was not evident, and the suprarenal area was normal. CONCLUSIONS Accessory adrenal tissue can be identified in the suprarenal area in neonates with high-resolution sonography. Radiologists and sonographers caring for neonates should be aware of this finding and not confuse it with disease.

Homologous recombination (HR) in somatic cells is not as well understood as meiotic recombination and is thought to be rare. In a previous study, we showed that Inter-Homologous Somatic Recombination (IHSR) can be achieved by targeted induction of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Here, we designed a novel IHSR assay to investigate this phenomenon in greater depth. We utilized F1 hybrids from divergent parental lines, each with a different mutation at the Carotenoid isomerase (CRTISO) locus. IHSR events, namely crossover or gene conversion (GC), between the two CRTISO mutant alleles (tangerine color) can restore gene activity and be visualized as gain-of-function, wildtype (red) phenotypes. Our results show that out of four intron DSB targets tested, three showed DSB formation, as seen from non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) footprints, but only one target generated putative IHSR events as seen by red sectors on tangerine fruits. F2 seeds were grown to test for germinal transmission of HR events. Two out of five F1 plants showing red sectors had their IHSR events germinally transmitted to F2, mainly as gene conversion. Six independent recombinant alleles were characterized: three had truncated conversion tracts with an average length of ~1 kb. Two alleles were formed by a crossover as determined by genotyping and characterized by whole genome sequencing. We discuss how IHSR can be used for future research and for the development of novel gene editing and precise breeding tools.

Opinions differ as to the need of a lateral radiograph for diagnosing community acquired pneumonia in children referred to the emergency department. A lateral radiograph increases the ionizing radiation burden but at the same time may improve specificity and sensitivity in this population.To determine the value of the frontal and lateral chest radiographs compared to frontal view stand-alone images for the management of children with suspected community acquired pneumonia seen in a pediatric emergency department.Chest radiographs from 451 children with clinically suspected pneumonia were retrospectively reviewed. Interpretation of frontal views was compared to interpretation of combined frontal and lateral view, the latter being the gold standard.Findings consistent with bacterial pneumonia were diagnosed in 94 (20.8%) of the frontal stand-alone radiographs and in 109 (24.2%) of the combined frontal and lateral radiographs. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the frontal radiograph alone were 86.2%, 93.9%, 81.7%, and 95.5%, respectively. False positive and false negative rates were 15% and 21%, respectively, for the frontal view alone. The number of lateral radiographs needed to diagnose one community acquired pneumonia was 29.The lateral chest radiograph improves the diagnosis of pediatric community acquired pneumonia to a certain degree and may prevent overtreatment with antibiotics.

The production of hydrophilic mucilage along the course of seed coat epidermal cell differentiation is a common adaptation in angiosperms. Previous studies have identified COBRA-LIKE 2 (COBL2), a member of the COBRA-LIKE gene family, as a novel component required for crystalline cellulose deposition in seed coat epidermal cells. In recent years, Arabidopsis seed coat epidermal cells (SCEs), also called mucilage secretory cells, have emerged as a powerful model system for the study of plant cell wall components biosynthesis, secretion, assembly and de muro modification. Despite accumulating data, the molecular mechanism of COBL function remains largely unknown. In the current research, we utilized genetic interactions to study the role of COBL2 as part of the protein network required for seed mucilage production. Using correlative phenotyping of structural and biochemical characteristics, unique features of the cobl2 extruded mucilage are revealed, including: 'unraveled' ray morphology, loss of primary cell wall 'pyramidal' organization, reduced Ruthenium red staining intensity of the adherent mucilage layer, and increased levels of the monosaccharides arabinose and galactose. Examination of the cobl2cesa5 double mutant provides insight into the interface between COBL function and cellulose deposition. Additionally, genetic interactions between cobl2 and fei1fei2 as well as between each of these mutants to mucilage-modified 2 (mum2) suggest that COBL2 functions independently of the FEI-SOS pathway. Altogether, the presented data place COBL2 within the complex protein network required for cell wall deposition in the context of seed mucilage and introduce new methodology expending the seed mucilage phenotyping toolbox.

Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of cerebellar hemorrhage in very low birth weight infants using the posterolateral fontanelle for ultrasound (US) examination. Methods The study included 125 very low birth weight premature infants (defined as equal or less than 1500 grams at birth) hospitalized in the premature or neonatal intensive care departments that had at least one head US examination including both anterior and posterolateral fontanelle scans. Results On US performed through the posterolateral fontanelle, four (3.2%) infants had echogenic posterior fossa lesions interpreted as hemorrhages. None of these lesions were initially or retrospectively observed through the standard anterior fontanelle scan. Two infants died at age 4 and 39 days, respectively. All survivors are being followed up in the hospital's neurodevelopment outpatient clinic. Conclusions Cerebellar hemorrhage may be overlooked on standard anterior fontanelle views. The posterolateral approach may assist in diagnosing these lesions. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 41:395–401, 2013

Ultrasound (US) is an important modality for the detection of acute appendicitis in children but has limited sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, additional US findings may contribute to the diagnosis. In our experience, children with acute appendicitis often have increased renal cortical echogenicity on US imaging. The purpose of this study was to examine the association of increased renal cortical echogenicity with appendicitis.This study included 240 consecutive pediatric patients with no renal or liver disease who underwent US examinations for suspected appendicitis between February 2014 and January 2016. Ultrasound images of the liver and right kidney were retrospectively reviewed, and the echogenicity of the renal cortex was classified as less than the liver, equal to the liver, or greater than the liver.The renal cortex was abnormally hyperechoic in 38 (50%) of all of the patients who had appendicitis according to US (P .001) and in 47% of patients who underwent appendectomy (P = .002). Overall, 36% of patients with increased renal cortical echogenicity had a diagnosis of appendicitis. After correction for variables, patients with renal hyperechogenicity had a 2.5 times chance of appendicitis (odds ratio, 2.5).There is a statistically significant association between increased renal cortical echogenicity and appendicitis. In the absence of hepatic or renal disease, this finding may increase the accuracy of the US diagnosis of appendicitis. Increased renal cortical echogenicity may be added to the list of US findings accompanying acute appendicitis in children.

Introduction: Since its onset in the spring of 2009, the H1N1 pandemic has kept health-care professionals busy worldwide. Even though it often causes respiratory tract illness, reports describing the radiological manifestations in infected children are few. The purpose of this study was twofold: to review the chest radiograph findings in children with laboratory-confirmed pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza virus and compare them with the chest radiographic findings in children with the same symptoms but laboratory negative. Methods: Informed consent was not required by the institutional review board for this retrospective study. We identified 151 children who were tested for pandemic H1N1 virus and had chest radiographs. Chest radiographs were evaluated for the presence of airway disease including hyperinflation, subsegmental atelectasis and peribronchial cuffing, airspace disease, pleural effusion or any combination of these, and compared for H1N1-positive and H1N1-negative children, for healthy and non-healthy children separately. Results: No statistically significant difference between H1N1-tested positive children and H1N1-tested negative children was found for the proportion of abnormal chest rays (P = 1 for healthy children, P = 0.08 for children with chronic disease). For individual findings, there was no difference between H1N1-tested positive healthy children and H1N1-tested negative healthy children (P > 0.083 for each finding) In children with chronic disease, there was significantly more subsegmental atelectasis (P = 0.037) in the radiographs of H1N1-tested negative children. Conclusion: Chest radiographs have non-specific findings in cases of suspected swine flu in children and have limited value in distinguishing H1N1 from non-H1N1 viral infections for both healthy children and children with chronic disease.

When administered to an immune-compromised patient, BCG (Bacille Calmette-Guerin) can cause disseminated and life-threatening infections. To describe the imaging findings in children with primary immunodeficiency and BCG-related infections. We reviewed the imaging findings of children with primary immunodeficiency treated at a children’s hospital during 2012–2014 with localized or disseminated BCG infection. Imaging modalities included US, CT and radiography. Nine children with primary immunodeficiency had clinical signs of post-vaccination BCGitis; seven of these children showed disseminated disease and two showed only regional lesions with characteristic ipsilateral lymphadenopathy. Overall, lymphadenopathy was the most prevalent feature (n = 8) and characteristically appeared as a ring-enhancing hypodense (CT) or hypoechoic (US) lesion. Visceral involvement with multiple abscesses appeared in the spleen (n = 2), liver (n = 1) and bones (n = 1). All lesions regressed following appropriate anti-tuberculosis treatment. BCG infection needs to be considered in children with typical findings and with suspected primary immunodeficiency.

We present a new platform for visual and spectroscopic detection of bacteria. The detection scheme is based on the interaction of membrane-active compounds secreted by bacteria with agar-embedded nanoparticles comprising phospholipids and the chromatic polymer polydiacetylene (PDA). We demonstrate that PDA undergoes dramatic visible blue-to-red transformations together with an intense fluorescence emission that are induced by molecules released by multiplying bacteria. The chromatic transitions are easily identified by the naked eye and can also be recorded by conventional high-throughput screening instruments. Furthermore, the color and fluorescence changes generally occur in shorter times than the visual appearance of bacterial colonies on the agar. The chromatic technology is generic and simple, does not require identification a priori of specific bacterial recognition elements, and can be applied for detection of both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. We demonstrate applications of the new platform for reporting on bacterial contaminations in foods and for screening for bacterial antibiotic resistance.

Background Congenital abnormalities of the gastrointestinal tract are increasingly being evaluated by prenatal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, there is a paucity of reports describing the normal quantitative development of the fetal colon and rectum on MRI. Purpose To provide growth curves of the MRI estimated diameter of the fetal colon and rectum as a function of gestational age. Material and Methods This is a retrospective review of 191 singleton fetal MRI studies at 25–39 weeks of gestation. Measurements included maximal diameter of the ascending, transverse, and descending colon on coronal and sagittal views, maximal diameter of the rectum on coronal and sagittal views, and maximal diameter of the rectum at the level of the bladder base on sagittal views. Median growth curves were built using a generalized additive model. Confidence regions were built for 10th, 25th, 75th, and 90th percentiles. Results Smoothed growth curves for the median, and one and three quartiles for each of the five sections as a function of gestational age were calculated. All graphs had a slightly exponential curve. Conclusion This study provides normal ranges of the prenatal colon and rectum as a function of gestational age. They may serve as reference values when interpreting fetal MRI.

Pediatric emergency department chest radiographs are frequently interpreted by the pediatrician, and patient management is based on this interpretation.The purpose of this study was to assess the chest radiograph interpretation discordance rate between pediatricians and pediatric radiologists and determine its clinical significance.This study included 1196 patients admitted off-hours to the pediatric emergency department who had chest radiographs as part of the clinical evaluation. The pediatricians' interpretations of the chest radiographs as appeared in the discharge reports were reviewed and compared with the specialist radiologist's ultimate report.Discordant chest radiograph interpretations were found in 332 (28%) of 1196 patients. Of these, 76 (6.3%) were clinically significant. These included 59 initial diagnoses of normal or viral patterns subsequently interpreted as bacterial pattern by the radiologist and 17 radiographs with findings such as chronic lung disease or abnormal heart shadow overlooked or misinterpreted by the pediatrician.Although the clinically significant discordant rate was relatively low, daily chest radiograph reassessment by pediatric radiologists in a joint meeting with pediatricians has an added value for patient safety, quality assurance, and mutual training.

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of cerebellar hemorrhage in very low birth weight infants using the posterolateral fontanelle for ultrasound (US) examination.The study included 125 very low birth weight premature infants (defined as equal or less than 1500 grams at birth) hospitalized in the premature or neonatal intensive care departments that had at least one head US examination including both anterior and posterolateral fontanelle scans.On US performed through the posterolateral fontanelle, four (3.2%) infants had echogenic posterior fossa lesions interpreted as hemorrhages. None of these lesions were initially or retrospectively observed through the standard anterior fontanelle scan. Two infants died at age 4 and 39 days, respectively. All survivors are being followed up in the hospital's neurodevelopment outpatient clinic.Cerebellar hemorrhage may be overlooked on standard anterior fontanelle views. The posterolateral approach may assist in diagnosing these lesions.

Since its onset in the spring of 2009, the H1N1 pandemic has kept health-care professionals busy worldwide. Even though it often causes respiratory tract illness, reports describing the radiological manifestations in infected children are few. The purpose of this study was twofold: to review the chest radiograph findings in children with laboratory-confirmed pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza virus and compare them with the chest radiographic findings in children with the same symptoms but laboratory negative.Informed consent was not required by the institutional review board for this retrospective study. We identified 151 children who were tested for pandemic H1N1 virus and had chest radiographs. Chest radiographs were evaluated for the presence of airway disease including hyperinflation, subsegmental atelectasis and peribronchial cuffing, airspace disease, pleural effusion or any combination of these, and compared for H1N1-positive and H1N1-negative children, for healthy and non-healthy children separately.No statistically significant difference between H1N1-tested positive children and H1N1-tested negative children was found for the proportion of abnormal chest rays (P=1 for healthy children, P=0.08 for children with chronic disease). For individual findings, there was no difference between H1N1-tested positive healthy children and H1N1-tested negative healthy children (P0.083 for each finding) In children with chronic disease, there was significantly more subsegmental atelectasis (P=0.037) in the radiographs of H1N1-tested negative children.Chest radiographs have non-specific findings in cases of suspected swine flu in children and have limited value in distinguishing H1N1 from non-H1N1 viral infections for both healthy children and children with chronic disease.

We retrospectively assessed the yield of early postnatal ultrasound scans in neonates with documented antenatal hydronephrosis. We reviewed recording data of prenatal renal ultrasound for 178 newborn infants and the results of renal ultrasound performed during the first days of life. Of 119 infants with prenatal diagnosis of mild hydronephrosis (renal pelvic diameter10 mm), 116 (97.5%) had postnatal ultrasound results showing normal or mild hydronephrosis. Prenatal diagnosis of severe hydronephrosis (renal pelvic diameter20 mm; 10 infants) was correlated with high incidence (90%) of moderate and severe postnatal hydronephrosis. Prenatal diagnosis of moderate hydronephrosis (renal pelvic diameter 10 to 20 mm) resulted in moderate postnatal hydronephrosis in 20% and improvement in 80% of the newborn infants. Our evidence supports the option of delaying postnatal renal ultrasound in infants with prenatal diagnosis of mild hydronephrosis (renal pelvic diameter10 mm). This strategy can safely reduce the number of early postnatal studies and consequently significantly decrease hospitals' inpatient workload.

To examine the association between potassium level during the first half of pregnancy and the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and hypertensive disorders in the second half of the pregnancy.The study population included all registered births between the years 2001-2007. The potassium levels during the first half of pregnancy were sorted by the following groups: K3.5 mEq/l; K = 3.5-3.99 mEq/l; and Kor = 4 mEq/l. The linear by linear chi(2)-test was used to determine the association between potassium level during the beginning of pregnancy and pregnancy complications.The study population included 8114 deliveries. A significant linear association was documented between potassium level in the first half of the pregnancy and the prevalence of GDM in the second half of the pregnancy: 6.3% in the K3.5 mEq/l group, 6.6% in the K = 3.5-3.99 mEq/l group and 8.2% in the K4 mEq/l group; (p = 0.008). A statistically significant for lower rates of severe pre-eclampsia was noted between the groups: 0.4% in the K3.5 mEq/l group, 0.9% in the K = 3.5-3.99 mEq/l group, 1.3% in the K = 4.0-4.99 mEq/l group and 1.5% in the Kor = 5 mEq/l group, (p = 0.027). Indeed, K5 mEq/l was noted as a significant risk factor for both, severe pre-eclampsia and for GDM. Using two multiple logistic regression models controlling for maternal age, potassium level was noted as an independent risk factor for both GDM and severe pre-eclampsia.High potassium levels during the first half of pregnancy are associated with higher risk for the development of GDM and severe pre-eclampsia.

The authors describe four children with gastrostomy tubes (G-tubes) presenting with upper gastrointestinal bleeding due to gastric ulcers years after G-tube insertion. They review the literature and discuss the possible mechanisms of gastric ulcer formation in these patients.

To develop and demonstrate a rapid and simple colorimetric film assay for evaluating lipid interactions of pharmaceutical compounds and gel formulations.The colorimetric assay comprises glass-supported films of phospholipids and polydiacetylene, which undergo visible and quantifiable blue-red transformations induced by interactions with amphiphilic molecules applied in very small volumes on the film surface. The color transitions are recorded by scanning of the films, and quantified through a simple image analysis algorithm.We show that pharmaceutical molecules and gel formulations induce blue-red transformations after short incubation with the lipid/polydiacetylene (PDA) films. Colorimetric dose-response curves exhibit dependence upon the lipid affinity and extent of membrane binding of the pharmaceutical compounds examined. The colorimetric lipid/PDA film assay was employed for distinguishing the contributions of individual molecular components within gel formulations.The colorimetric data yield insight into the degree of lipid binding of the molecules tested. The film assay is particularly advantageous for analysis of semi-solid (gel or lotion) formulations, elucidating the lipid interaction characteristics of specific molecular components within the mixtures. The new colorimetric film assay constitutes a generic, rapid, and easily applicable platform for predicting and screening interactions of pharmaceutical compounds and complex formulations with lipid barriers.

Purpose: We compare the efficacy and safety profile of oral midazolam and continuous flow 50% nitrous oxide (N 2 O) for alleviating anxiety and pain during voiding cystourethrography (VCU) in children. Materials and Methods: This prospective, randomized clinical trial study was conducted in the radiology unit of a tertiary care center. Children older than 3 years scheduled for VCU were given either 0.5 mg/kg midazolam orally or continuous flow 50% N 2 O. Main outcomes were degree of anxiety and pain as assessed by the attending nurse and radiologist performing the test using a behavioral anxiety score, a distress score and an overall satisfaction score, side effects and recovery profile. Results: The study included 47 children (89% girls) with a mean age of 6 years (range 3 to 15). There were 24 subjects in the midazolam group and 23 in the N 2 O group. Midazolam and N 2 O provided adequate anxiety and pain relief to perform the examination, yet children given N 2 O required less restraining and experienced a significantly shorter recovery time (29 ± 10 vs 63 ± 25 minutes, p Conclusions: Continuous flow 50% nitrous oxide and oral midazolam are comparably safe and effective in reducing anxiety and distress during VCU in children older than 3 years. However, N 2 O provides a more rapid onset of sedating effect and has a shorter recovery time.

The aims of this study are to develop a rapid colorimetric assay for evaluating membrane interactions and penetration through lipid barriers and to create a platform, amenable to high-throughput screening formats, for predicting the extent of penetration of pharmaceutical compounds through lipid layers. The colorimetric platform comprises vesicles of phospholipids and the chromatic lipid–mimetic polymer polydiacetylene. The polymer undergoes visible, concentration-dependent blue–red transformations induced through interactions of the vesicles with the molecules examined. We observe rapid colorimetric transitions induced by addition of pharmaceutical compounds to the chromatic vesicle solutions. We find that the concentration ranges for which the color transitions are induced in the lipid/polymer vesicles are correlated with the degree of lipid interactions and bilayer penetration of the tested compounds. The colorimetric platform could distinguish between three primary types of membrane-permeation profiles: bilayer-surface attachment, membrane penetration, and absence of lipid interactions. Application of complementary bioanalytical techniques corroborated the interpretation of the colorimetric data. Different pharmaceutical compounds were tested by the new assay. The results indicated clearly distinct membrane interaction profiles for molecules expected by conventional methods to have similar membrane-insertion properties (i.e., close log D/log P values). In addition, the new colorimetric assay pointed to similar membrane activities for molecules having highly divergent log Ds. The colorimetric assay facilitates “color coding” that could distinguish among different membrane permeation profiles. The data point to the usefulness of the platform for characterization of drug compound interactions with lipid assemblies. The new colorimetric technology constitutes a generic, extremely fast, and easily applicable approach for predicting and screening interactions of pharmaceutical compounds with lipid barriers.

SUMMARY: Intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging provides the surgeon with powerful, high-resolution, real-time imaging. Procedures may be performed with minimal invasion, with the benefit of reduced tissue damage, improved wound healing, and a better cosmetic result. The authors present a case of a leukemic pediatric patient with a few large, deeply situated, nonpalpable abscesses that were drained successfully with intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging guidance. In this case, this new intraoperative imaging method enabled minimal invasiveness, with fast recovery.