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The purpose of this work is to analyze and validate the gravimetric information in the study area in order to highlight the valid data for mapping the gravity anomaly from a grid generated by interpolation. In this context, we have performed a first step of data validation using the Kriging interpolation, this method was applied to a set of free-air anomalies reduced by the EGM08 geopotential model, from the test zone located in the north of Algeria, but the data were considered as values of an isotropic variable whose the variographic analysis depends only on the distances between points. In the second step the anisotropic character was taken into account, where the main tasks were to calculate the directional variograms for validating data and to perform interpolation by directional models. Finally, we have performed a computer application for interpolation and validation of gravimetric data by Kriging method, based on the algorithm for validation and grid generation of free-air anomalies, proposed in this article, where the results showed that the free-air anomaly is an isotropic variable which only depends on the distances between positions, and that the values resulting from interpolation are validated by the BGI grid, where the two maps generated one by interpolation and the other by the BGI grid are very similar to confirm the validity of the Kriging algorithm developed in this context.

Résumé : Nous vivons aujourd'hui dans une société enfermée dans un cercle infini des technologies et de leur constante évolution, qui exige des formateurs la création et la mise en place des démarches et des projets pour les intégrer dans le milieu scolaire tout en exploitant les multiples fonctionnalités d'apprentissage et d'enseignement qu'ils proposent. L'usage de ces ressources et notamment les réseaux sociaux, est devenu un enjeu pédagogique fondamental apportant de nouvelles dimensions dans l'apprentissage et l'acquisition des langues à l’université. Nous avons essayé, dans cet article, de mettre l’accent sur son rôle positif en tant qu’outil d’apprentissage dans le développement des compétences communicatives chez les étudiants du FLE. Cette importance est confirmée par les résultats obtenus de l’enquête par questionnaire que nous avons menée auprès des étudiants de master à l’université L’Arbi Ben Midi, wilaya d’Oum El Bouaghi. Mots-clés : apprentissage, technologies, facebook, développement, compétences communicatives

Abstract Background In Belgium, the Planning Commission for Medical Supply is responsible for monitoring human resources for health (HRH) and ultimately proposing workforce quotas. It is supported by the Planning Unit for the Supply of the Health Professions. This Unit quantifies and forecasts the workforce in the healthcare professions on the basis of a stock and flow model, based on trends observed in the past. In 2019, the Planning Unit asked the KCE (Belgian Health Care Knowledge Centre) to develop additional forecasting scenarios for the midwifery workforce, to complement the standard historical trend approach. The aim of this paper is to present the development of such forecasting scenarios. Methods The Robust Workforce Planning Framework, developed by the Centre for Workforce Intelligence in the UK was used to develop alternative midwifery workforce scenarios. The framework consists of four steps (Horizon scanning, Scenario generation, Workforce modelling, and Policy analysis), the first two of which were undertaken by KCE, using two online surveys and five workshops with stakeholders. Results Three alternative scenarios are proposed. The first scenario (close to the current situation) envisages pregnancy and maternity care centred on gynaecologists working either in a hospital or in private practice. The second scenario describes an organisation of midwife-led care in hospitals. In the third scenario, care is primarily organised by primary care practitioners (midwives and general practitioners) in outpatient settings. Conclusions The Robust Workforce Planning Framework provides an opportunity to adjust the modelling of the health workforce and inform decision-makers about the impact of their future decisions on the health workforce.

Damping reduction factors (DRFs) play a vital role in the seismic design of structures. DRFs have been widely studied due to their primary importance to the lateral resistance of structures subjected to earthquakes. On the other hand, devastating earthquakes have occurred all over the world, and recently, the Kahramanmaraş earthquakes in Turkey revealed the import of the vertical component of earthquakes and their impact on structures and infrastructures. Considering the importance of this parameter, this paper aims to develop new damping reduction factor (DRF) equations for the acceleration (DRFa), velocity (DRFv), and displacement spectra (DRFd) of the vertical components of earthquakes. For this purpose, 775 real ground motion records were selected from the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research (PEER) strong motion database, and the vertical elastic response spectra of selected records were computed according to linear dynamic analysis. Taking the 5%-damped vertical response spectra as the target, the vertical spectral damping reduction factors (DRFa, DRFv, and DRFd) were computed for 1%, 3%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, and 40% damping ratios. The effect of the earthquake magnitude, distance, and soil types on the DRFs was investigated. The results indicated that magnitude, distance, and soil type had no particular effect on the trend in the DRFs. Based on the evaluations, extensive statistical analyses were carried out, and new prediction equations were developed according to the nonlinear regression method. The developed equations were then compared to those found in the literature and seismic design codes. The comparisons proved that the proposed DRFa, DRFd, and DRFv models are strongly compatible with real DRFs and show strong robustness compared to existing models.

This article presents an innovative approach to analyzing and extracting electrocardiogram (ECG) signals from the abdomen and thorax of pregnant women, with the primary goal of isolating fetal ECG (fECG) and maternal ECG (mECG) signals. To resolve the difficulties related to the low amplitude of the fECG, various noise sources during signal acquisition, and the overlapping of R waves, we developed a new method for extracting ECG signals using blind source separation techniques. This method is based on independent component analysis algorithms to detect and accurately extract fECG and mECG signals from abdomen and thorax data. To validate our approach, we carried out experiments using a real and reliable database for the evaluation of fECG extraction algorithms. Moreover, to demonstrate real-time applicability, we implemented our method in an embedded card linked to electronic modules that measure blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) and body temperature, as well as the transmission of data to a web server. This enables us to present all information related to the fetus and its mother in a mobile application to assist doctors in diagnosing the fetus’s condition. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in isolating fECG and mECG signals under difficult conditions and also calculating different heart rates (fBPM and mBPM), which offers promising prospects for improving fetal monitoring and maternal healthcare during pregnancy.

This study explores Daucus crinitus extracts (DCE) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) synthesized using the extracts as corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel (CS) in HCl medium. The synthesized ZnO-NPs were characterized via UV-vis spectroscopy, exhibiting a peak at approximately 375 nm. The study employed weight loss (WL) and electrochemical measurements, alongside spectrophotometric evaluation of corrosion products. Surface morphology was assessed via scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). Thermodynamic analysis revealed the physical adsorption of DCE on CS according to the Freundlich adsorption isotherm. Potentiodynamic polarization (PP) measurements indicated DCE as a mixed-type corrosion inhibitor. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) exhibited increased charge transfer resistance and reduced double-layer capacitance with inhibitory addition. The most effective inhibition was observed with butanol extract (BE) and improved more with its corresponding nanoparticles (BENPs), exhibiting inhibitory efficiencies of 80.20% and 91.20%, respectively, at 298 K with a concentration of 800 ppm. The evaluation of corrosion products using colorimetry revealed that the concentration of polyphenols decreased after the inhibitory process. Furthermore, the intensity of ferrous ions (Fe2+) decreased as the inhibitory concentration increased. In addition, SEM-EDS analysis confirmed the presence of ZnO-NPs, which enhanced the surface morphology and established a protective layer formed by the adsorbed inhibitors. The SEM-EDS analysis confirmed the presence of ZnO-NPs, the enhancement of surface morphology, and the establishment of a protective layer formed by the adsorbed inhibitors.

ABSTRACT: This study investigated the effect of reducing dietary crude protein (CP) content in the grower and finisher diets of broiler chickens on breast meat quality, muscle protein functionality, growth, carcass yield, and meat yield. To achieve this, a total of 1,269 one-day-old male Ross 308 chicks were fed 1 of 3 diets replicated 9 times each in a randomized complete block design with 9 blocks. The diets included a control (20.4% and 19.5% CP in the grower and finisher phase, respectively), a diet with a 1.5% reduction (CP-1.5%) and a diet with a 3.0% reduction (CP-3.0%) in CP content in both the grower and finisher phases. At the end of the experiment, the reduced-CP diets had no impact on body weight, feed intake, or feed conversion ratio. However, reduced-CP diet resulted in reduced (P < 0.001) total nitrogen intake (−7.46 and −11.94% in CP-1.5% and CP-3.0%, respectively). Breast meat quality was assessed (n = 36 birds/group), and the experimental diets were associated with a slightly increased (P = 0.07) ultimate pH (5.75, 5.79, and 5.81 for the control, CP-1.5%, and CP-3.0%, respectively). Breast fillets from the CP-1.5% and CP-3.0% groups had lower yellowness (b*, P < 0.001) and lower cooking loss (CL, P < 0.001) values than the control. Moreover, the solubility, emulsion activity, and stability indices of the sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar fractions of muscle proteins were not influenced by the diets. CP-1.5% and CP-3.0% diets were associated with an increased (P < 0.001) breast yield (18.39, 19.21, and 19.61% for the control, CP-1.5%, and CP-3.0%, respectively) while leg yield remained unchanged. Additionally, breast meat nutritional properties including protein and lipid contents were not impacted by the experimental diets. In conclusion, the CP content in the grower and finisher diets of broiler chickens can be reduced by as much as 3.0% without detrimental effects on performance or on meat quality as long as birds' amino acid requirements are adequately met.

Structure's damping force during an earthquake is very different from what was anticipated during design. This adds uncertainty to the process of designing structures exposed to seismic loads which may be a major cause of significant variation in the seismic response reliability of these structures. This work is focused on the investigation of the structural damping uncertainties effect on the structure’s response spectra through the assessment of uncertainties in the damping reduction factors (DRF) derived from the acceleration, velocity and displacement spectra. An Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) was also developed for the stochastic DRF calculation. The Monte Carlo method, one of the methods of computational algorithms that rely on repeated random sampling to obtain numerical results, is used for the estimation of the stochastic DRF. The obtained results indicates that the difference between the deterministic and the stochastic DRF are around of 21 % for displacement and velocity and 28.7 % for acceleration spectra. As a consequence, the DRF derived from the acceleration spectra is more sensible to the uncertainties inherent on damping than the DRF obtained from displacement and velocity. Therefore, it is important to take this conclusion into account when using these factors previously. The ANN constitutes a sample and efficiency method to predict the stochastic DRF since the error obtained is always less than 6 %. Practice oriented results are searched for, to be incorporated in future seismic standards.

Data analysts behind the "Marketing" desk keep trying to find links between identified data, but they can't easily find patterns in complex and huge amount of data, in order to generate insights. “There is where Artificial Intelligence brightly shines and supports many more functions intelligently in marketing department ... in real time...” The main objective for these papers is to put the magnifying-glass above the underlined part in the Previous §, To examine scene for marketing academics, managers and activists. Within trying to develop a marketing understanding of (AI) and its current potentials, in the way where we highlight its latest use-cases in the marketing context.

The evolving concept of co-creation embodies the various theoretical and practical shifts within the marketing thinking. Digitalization has significantly contributed to this change and thus, transformed the classical concept of value creation. This research aims at analyzing in depth the digital environment that serves as an antecedent for the experience Co-creation in the tourism field. This study also focuses on understanding the role of co-creation in enhancing tourist’s well-being. An empirical investigation was conducted through a questionnaire administered to tourists who stayed at Club hotels, in two main tourism destinations in Morocco, namely, the Tangier-Teouan region and the Marrakech region. The findings, obtained through structural equation modeling, show the direct and positive influence of the Digital environment on the degree of the tourist experience co-creation. The study also confirm that well-being is a significant consequence of the tourist experience co-creation. At the end, a positive and significant relationship was also confirmed between the digital environment and the tourist’s well-being.

Abstract In this article, we present an approach to solve a wide range of nonlinear equations formulated in extended b-metric spaces based on a new fixed-point theorem on these spaces. This research effort was motivated by challenges arising in solving pattern problems efficiently that can not be addressed by using standard metric spaces. Our approach relies on a novel common fixed-point theorem for Ćirić-type operators on extended b-metric spaces requiring only very weak assumptions that we present and derive in this article. The proposed approach is illustrated by applications asserting the existence and uniqueness of the solutions to Bellman equations, Volterra integral equations, and fractional differential equations formulated in extended b-metric spaces. Moreover, the obtained results provide general constructive recursive procedures to solve the above types of nonlinear equations.

Determining osmotic suction from the electrical conductivity (EC) of soil pore water was widely reported in the literature. However, while dealing with unsaturated soils, they do not have enough soil pore water to be extracted for a reliable measurement of EC. In this paper, the chilled-mirror dew-point hygrometer and contact filter paper method were used to determine the total and matric suctions for low-plasticity soils with different salinities (0.05‰, 2.1‰, and 6.76‰). A new piecewise function was proposed to calculate the osmotic suction, with the piecewise point corresponding to the first occurrence of precipitated salt in mixed salt solutions (synthetic seawater). EC, ion and salt concentrations used for osmotic suction calculation were transformed from the established relationships of mixed salt solution instead of experimental measurement. The calculated osmotic suction by the proposed equation and the equations in the literature was compared with the indirectly measured one (the difference between the measured total and matric suctions). Results showed that the calculated osmotic suction, especially the one calculated using the proposed function, was in fair agreement with the indirectly measured data (especially for specimens with higher salinity of 6.76‰), suggesting that the transformation of EC and concentrations from the established relationship is a good alternative to direct measurement for low-plasticity soil. In particular, the proposed method could be applied to unsaturated low-plasticity soils which do not have enough soil pore water for a proper EC measurement.