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Rosmarinus officinalis or Rosemary is a highly valued medicinal vegetal, owing to its notable antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties. In the current work, we aimed to identify the chemical components of the essential oil (EO) of R. officinalis and evaluate its biological properties using an in vitro approach. High performance liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-TOF-MS) was utilized to analyze of the hydro-methanolic extract (HME), while gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was considered during the analysis of the EO's chemical composition. The antioxidant abilities of HME and the EO were assessed using diverse tests (DPPH, ABTS, GOR, CUPRAC, and FRAP). The anti-enzymatic properties were tested by the inhibition of cholinesterases, α-glucosidase, and tyrosinase enzyme. The HPLC-TOF-MS displayed the existence of flavonoids like luteolin glucuronide I and II, and a few known hydroxycinnamic acids. The EO contained three major components, namely, eucalyptol (28.7%), camphor (16.7%), and borneol (13.5%). The HME had a high total polyphenol content, as determined by the Folin–Ciocalteau method (335.37 ± 9.33 µg of gallic acid eq·mg−1). Notably, the analysis of the bioactivities of the HME and EO revealed comparatively that they possessed higher radical scavenging capacity in the DPPH, ABTS, and galvinoxyl assays, while EO exhibited a higher capacity for enzyme inhibition. Overall, our findings suggest that both the EO and HME extract of Algerian's R. officinalis holds great usefulness in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical fields due to its elevated polyphenol content and potent bioactivities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sand quarries constituting very specific environments where native plants and surface soil are destroyed. The resulting substrates are practically sterile from an organic and biological point of view due to the absence of humus, microfauna and flora. planting legumes like Acacia saligna inoculated with his microbial partner rhizobia is strategic key to enhance the substrate fertility and lead to an ecological restoration of sandpits. Here we have selected the most efficient couple A. saligna-rhizobia with the goal to rehabilitate Sidi Lakhdar sandpit in the end of exploitation and to follow the filed persistence of introduced rhizobia into A. saligna nodules. The in vitro efficiency test permitted the selection of three inocula which performed differently once transferred onto natural soil and in the field. The ASB13 (Ensifer sp.) were found to be better inoculum for sandpit rehabilitation and A. saligna-rhizobia couple introduction for above and underground degraded sites. The introduced rhizobia didn't persist in nodules of A. saligna in different treated blocks which were revealed by the PCR-RFLP profiles after the digestion by restriction enzyme HaeIII. These results support the literature data on failure/success of inoculants pertain to the persistence of rhizobia (inoculants) in soil, inoculant success is affected not only by environmental conditions such as temperature, pH, salinity but also by competitivity of indigenous rhizobia. We conclude that the rhizobia-based inocula selection for field application necessitates testing selected strains under the environmental conditions prevailing in the site intended to be rehabilitated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]