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Transurethral resection (TURP) and photoselective vaporization of the prostate (PVP) constitute established surgical options to treat benign prostate hyperplasia. We investigated the current literature for simulators that could be used as a tool for teaching urologists alone or within the boundaries of a course or a curriculum. A literature search was performed using PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials—CENTRAL. Search terms included: Simulat*, train*, curricull*, transurethral, TUR*, vaporesect*, laser. The efficacy of different simulators and the impact of different devices, curricula and courses in training and trainee learning curves were the primary endpoints. Thirty-one studies are selected and presented. Validated virtual reality TURP simulators are the UW VR, PelvicVision, Uro-Trainer, and TURPsim™. Validated synthetic TURP models are Dr. K. Forke's TURP trainer, Bristol TURP trainer, different tissue prostate models, and 3D-printed phantoms. The Myo Sim PVP and the GreenLightTM are sufficiently validated PVP simulators. Several TURP and PVP training curricula have been developed and judged as applicable. Finally, the TURP modules of the European Urology Residents Education Programme (EUREP) Hands-on Training course and the Urology Simulation Bootcamp Course (USBC) are the most basic annual TURP courses identified in the international literature. Simulators and courses or curricula are valuable learning and training TURP/PVP tools. The existent models seem efficient, are not always adequately evaluated and accepted. As part of training curricula and training courses, the use of training simulators can significantly improve quality for young urologists' education and clinical practice.

Objective: In this study aimed to determine the diagnostic efficiency of miR-21 and miR-34a serum levels in the discrimination of benign prostatic hyperplasia, chronic prostatitis, and prostate cancer. Materials and Methods: Blood samples were taken from 70 patients (25 benign prostatic hyperplasias, 10 chronic prostatitides, and 35 prostate cancer) who underwent prostate needle biopsy. After obtaining serum under suitable conditions, RNA isolation, cDNA synthesis, and qRT-PCR analysis were performed using Qiagen brand kits on Rotor-Gene® Q (Qiagen, Germany) device. -∆Ct values ​​were calculated using RNU6 as a reference gene for normalization. -∆Ct values ​​were used in all statistical calculations. Results: It was observed that miR-21 serum levels were upregulated in chronic prostatitis and cancer groups compared to benign prostatic hyperplasia and the difference between the groups was statistically significant (p = 0.021 and p = 0.001, respectively). The specificity and sensitivity of miR-21 and miR-21/miR-34a combination was calculated as 56% and 86%; 84% and 71% in discriminating benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer groups, respectively. Conclusion: In this study, it has been shown that miR-21 and miR-21/miR-34a combination has diagnostic performance that can be a biomarker candidate in diagnosing prostate cancer. In addition, the presence of a gradual increase in chronic prostatitis and prostate cancer at miR-21 levels compared to benign prostatic hyperplasia suggests that inflammation and cancer transformation processes taking place at the molecular level are also reflected in the circulating microRNA profile. Keywords: Prostate cancer, Prostatitis, Benign prostatic hyperplasia, MicroRNA, Diagnostic efficiency

THE CORRELATIONS OF AGE AND HYPERTENSION WITH THE OCCURRENCE OF BPH IN THE SURGICAL WARD AT RSUD DR.H.ABDUL MOELOEK IN 2020Introduction: Lower Urinary Tractus Symptoms (LUTS) is a problem that is experienced by men around the world and one that often occurs is Benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). BPH is a histological disorder characterized by the proliferation of prostate cells. It is estimated that 50% of men show BPH histopathology at the age of 60 years old and an increase of 90% at the age of 80 years old. Hypertension is also known to have a role in increasing prostate volume, in a cohort study it was found that hypertension resulted in an increased risk of 1.5 times to cause LUTS/BPH.Objective: To determine the relationship between age and hypertension on the incidence of BPH in Dr. H. Abdul Moeloek in 2020.Methods: This study is quantitative research, an observative analytic study design with a cross-sectional approach was carried out at RSUD Dr. H. Abdul Moeloek which was taken on October 16, 2020. The population was all patients in the Surgical Ward with total sampling. Data collection was obtained from secondary data from medical records. Data analysis was performed Univariate analysis (frequency distribution) and bivariate analysis with chi-square.Results: Respondents with BPH aged >50 years old were 32 respondents (97%) and respondents with BPH and hypertension were 20 respondents (60.6%). The results of the bivariate analysis using chi-square showed a significant relationship between BPH and age p value=0.000 (P50 tahun sebanyak 32 responden (97%) dan responden dengan BPH dengan hipertensi sebanyak 20 responden (60,6%). Hasil Uji bivariat menggunakan chi square menunjukkan adanya hubungan signifikan antara BPH dengan usia diperoleh nilai p=0,000 (P

The use of laser technology in the surgical treatment of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia has recently become widespread and introduced into practice. This area of surgery uses a large range of laser modifications and methods of their application when performing surgical interventions on the prostate. The article discusses laser devices for minimally invasive operations on patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia in comparison with traditional methods of BPH surgical treatment. The advantages of using laser technologies include the reduction of the time of surgical intervention, the decrease in the number of traumatic complications and bleeding, the absence of the damaging effect of the shock wave, the possibility of using it with surgical instruments of the minimum diameter, and the possibility of using it with flexible surgical instruments.

To determine if benign glandular tissue at the surgical margin (BGM) is associated with detectable prostate specific antigen (PSA) and/or biochemical recurrence (BCR) after radical prostatectomy (RP).Participants underwent RP for localized prostate cancer between 2004 and 2018. Regression analysis was used to identify demographic, clinical and surgical factors associated with the likelihood of BGM presence on surgical pathology. Oncologic outcomes included detectable PSA (0.03 ng/ml), BCR (≥0.2 ng/ml) and progression to BCR or salvage treatment after detectable PSA. Life tables and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to determine the association of BGM and risk of oncologic outcomes.A total of 1,082 men underwent RP for localized prostate cancer with BGM reported on surgical pathology and an undetectable postoperative PSA. BGM was present on 249 (23%) specimens. Younger age, bilateral nerve sparing surgery and robotic approach were associated with presence of BGM while malignancy at the surgical margin (MSM) was not. At 7 years after RP, 29% experienced detectable PSA and 11% had BCR. In the subgroup of men who reached detectable PSA, 79% had progression within 7 years. On multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression, BGM status was not independently associated with detectable PSA, BCR and/or progression from detectable PSA to BCR or salvage treatment.The presence of BGM at RP was not associated with increased risk of MSM, detectable PSA, BCR or progression after detectable PSA.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: 60 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and category II chronic prostatitis (NIH, 1995) were examined. The average age of the patients was 60.55.5 years. The patients were divided into two groups of 30 people each. The comparison group (GC) included patients who received standard therapy with drugs from the group of alpha-blockers and fluoroquinolones. The main group (MG) consisted of patients who received standard therapy in combination with physiotherapy sessions with the device SMART-PROST, which were carried out in the acrophase of the chronorhythm. After the end of the course of therapy all patients underwent transurethral resection of the prostate, after which a morphological and morphometric (immunohistochemical) study of the obtained material was carried out. RESULTS: According to the results of the morphological and morphometric examination of the histological material in patients of the CG and MG, statistically significant differences were revealed in all the studied parameters, which testify to the persistence of signs of the inflammatory process in the CG, while in the MG, the severity of inflammation was significantly lower. CONCLUSION: According to the results of the study, personalized complex therapy of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia in combination with chronic prostatitis using a combined physiotherapeutic effect of the SMART-PROST device, taking into account the individual chronobiological characteristics of patients, allows to more effectively arrest the inflammatory process in the prostate tissue, which can lead to a decrease in the number of postoperative complications. However, the last statement requires further more detailed study.

Purpose of review This review aims to highlight the pros and cons of each laser device and to consider additional possible milestones for the development of laser technologies in the surgical treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia. Recent findings Over the last three decades, lasers' role in endourology has gone from strength to strength. Specifically, the primary techniques where laser surgery for BPO relief is concerned are vaporization and enucleation. The idea behind vaporization is that lasers are able to vaporize substantial amounts of tissue due to deep ablation depth and increased power. The most efficient devices for vaporization are those affecting hemoglobin as primary chromophore and/or using a continuous firing mode (KTP/LBO:YAG, diode lasers, Tm:YAG). As for enucleation, multiple devices have been suggested for the adequate anatomical enucleation of the prostate (EEP). As it is a skill-dependent technique, the EEP is effective irrespective of which device the surgeon uses. However, some devices have shown significant advances where enucleation is concerned. Summary The choice of device should be based primarily on the technique the surgeon prefers. Although the most suitable lasers for vaporization are hemoglobin-targeting and/or continuous wave devices, the EEP may be done with any enough powered laser, yet some provides specific effects which you should be aware before the surgery.

Objective: This study was aimed to evaluate the role of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in the transcriptional regulation of genes associated with migration and inflammation in benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH-1) cells.Material and Methods: Effect of EGCG treatment on expressions of FAK, PXN, RhoA, Rac1, Cdc42, PAK1, ROCK1, WASL genes related to migration and IL-8, IL-6, NFκB p50, NFκB p65, IκBα genes related to inflammation were determined by quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).Results: It was determined that EGCG treatment did not significantly change the expressions of investigated genes over 2 fold in terms of mRNA levels. EGCG, which effectively suppresses protein phosphorylations and levels, does not play a role in transcriptional regulation of migration and inflammation-related genes. These results show that EGCG probably reduces the activity of FAK and NFκB signaling pathways by altering the protein function without affecting mRNA levels. Conclusion: It is thought that EGCG may be useful in the treatment of premalignant lesions such as LUTS (lower urinary tract symptoms) and BPH, and its mechanism of action can be predominantly realized at post-translational level., Giriş ve Amaç: Bu çalışmada epigallokateşin-3-gallat’ın (EGCG) benign prostat hiperplazisi hücrelerinde migrasyon ve inflamasyon ile ilişkili genlerin transkripsiyonel regülasyonundaki rolünün araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntemler: EGCG uygulamasının migrasyon ile ilişkili FAK, PXN, RhoA, Rac1, Cdc42, PAK1, ROCK1, WASL genlerinin ve inflamasyon ile ilişkili IL-8, IL-6, NFκB p50, NFκB p65, IκBα genlerinin ekspresyonları üzerine etkisi kantitatif gerçek zamanlı-polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (qRT-PCR) kullanılarak tespit edildi.Bulgular: EGCG uygulamasının araştırılan genlerin mRNA seviyelerinde 2 kattan fazla anlamlı bir değişikliğe yol açmadığı belirlendi. Protein fosforilasyonlarını ve seviyelerini etkili bir şekilde baskılayan EGCG’nin, migrasyon ve inflamasyon ile ilişkili genlerin transkripsiyonel regülasyonunda rol oynamadığı belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, EGCG’nin büyük olasılıkla mRNA seviyelerini etkilemeden protein fonksiyonunu değiştirerek FAK ve NFκB sinyal yolaklarınının aktivitesini azalttığını göstermektedir.Sonuç: EGCG’nin alt idrar yolu semptomları ve BPH gibi premalign lezyonların tedavisinde faydalı olabileceği ve etki mekanizmasının baskın olarak post-translasyonel seviyede gerçekleştiği düşünülmektedir.

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia is a common senile disease. The present modern conservative management includes use of alpha blockers and 5 alpha reductase inhibitors. In operative management various type of operative procedure may be done, out of which most commonly done now-a-days is TURP. However, both of these modalities cause various side effects. Through Ayurveda we can find solution for this burning problem of society. In Ayurved Samhitas, symptoms of Benign Prostate Hyperplasia described under Mutraghata disease. There are 12 types of Mutraghata; one of them is Vatashthila, which can be correlated with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia disease. The general treatment of Mutraghata includes Uttar basti . Though Uttar basti is a traditionally used therapy, its efficacy with Dhanyak Gokshur Ghrita Yavakshar is not yet evaluated in the management of BPH. Uttar basti is cost effective and it may avoid surgery which ultimately results in increased quality of life of patients. So, in present clinical study, efficacy of Dhanyak Gokshur Ghrita Yavakshar Uttar basti in Vatashthila with special reference to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia is evaluated.

According to current reccomandations, open adenomectomy is considered the most efficient surgical option for patients with large benign prostatic hyperplasia. In order to reduce surgical trauma and to improuve postoperative recovery, there have been proposed several minimally invasive techniques for the treatment of large benign prostatic hyperplasia, the most innovative being laser surgery. High power Thulium:YAG laser vapoenucleation of prostate is becoming popular for minimal invasive surgical management of benign prostate hyperplasia.

To evaluate the Quality of Life (QoL), overall satisfaction, neurodegenerative dimension, and the role of comorbidities among men diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease PD, Erectile Dysfunction (ED) and Benign Prostate Hyperplasia (BPH) in the United States.

Objective: The aim of our study was to assess the comparative patient satisfaction and side-effects of the currently prescribed drugs – tamsulosin and silodosin for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Methods: A prospective study was conducted in a total of 110 BPH patients from the Department of Urology for a period of 6 months. Fifty-five patients in each group received silodosin 8 mg or tamsulosin 0.4 mg once daily. Data were collected using a suitably designed pro forma and the patient satisfaction was assessed with patient’s perception of study medication (PPSM) scale. International prostate symptom score (IPSS) was used for assessing the severity of symptoms. Results: The current study found that the treatment had a significant effect on improving scores of PPSM and IPSS at which all changes were significant at p

The human body is sterile during gestation; however, but during and after birth, the entire body surface becomes host to an enormous variety of microorganisms. Urine in the urinary tract was once considered sterile based on the lack of cultured microorganisms. Many recent studies have revealed evidence of microorganisms in human urine in the absence of clinical infection. Sequencing methods and analytical techniques are rapidly evolving to improve the ability to detect bacterial DNA and living bacteria and to understand the microbiota of the urinary tract. In women, fascinating evidence associates urinary tract microbiota with lower urinary tract symptoms. However, in men, the relevance of urinary tract microbiota in low urinary tract symptoms and prostate disease has not been established. In this review, we highlight a recent study that increases our ability to understand the urinary tract microbiota in men with lower urinary tract symptoms.

The article presented an overview of literary sources, which include a description of various surgical techniques for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia in different historical periods. The assessment of the disadvantages and advantages of various surgical methods for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia has been made. Modification and improvement of surgical interventions, changes in methods and approaches to surgical treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia made the surgeon’s work more accessible and of high quality. The development of surgical methods of treatment has made it possible to increase the efficiency of surgical interventions, which, in turn, has a positive effect on the quality of life of urological patients.

Several long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently emerged as potential biomarkers in cancer biology. In the present study, we examined the expression of four lncRNAs (CAT179, CAT1796, PRCAT47, and CAT1066) to evaluate their ability to discriminate prostate tumors from benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). Expression of these four lncRNAs was examined in 20 prostate cancer and 20 benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) samples, as well as in urine samples (11 BPH, and 11 cancer). Total RNA was extracted for cDNA syntheses. The expression of the candidate lncRNAs was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The lncRNAs CAT1796 and CAT179 were both upregulated in prostate cancer compared to BPH clinical samples (P

Aim. To study the status of provision of planned and urgent care to patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) in round-the-clock urological hospitals of the Ryazan region in recent 5 years. Materials and Methods. Statistical processing of the data for 2015-2020 obtained from medical statistics services of urological hospitals of Ryazan was performed. The following parameters were studied: the average age of patients who turned to emergency room with the diagnosis of acute retention of urine; the amount of surgical interventions (cystectomies) per months and years of the reporting period: open adenomectomy (in the following modifications: transvesical ade-nomectomy, retropubic adenomectomy), transurethral resection of prostate. Results. A high amount of referral of patients with BPH with clinical symptoms of acute reten-tion of urine was identified. The quantity and the share of palliative surgeries in the structure of patients with BPH stays at a high level. A tendency to growth in the amount of minimally inva-sive operations in surgical treatment for BPH is noted. Conclusion. The analysis of statistical data indicates the need for improvement of the quality of dispensary observation of patients with BPH, and improvement of methods of minimally inva-sive surgical treatment of BPH.

MicroRNAs are involved in various pathologies including cancer. The aim of the study was to assess the level of expression of miR-96-5p, -134-5p, -181b-5p, -200b-3p in FFPE samples of prostate cancer, adjacent cancer-free tissue, and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Samples of 23 FFPE prostate cancer and 22 benign prostatic hyperplasias were dissected and HE stained. Compartments of tumor tissue and adjacent healthy glandular tissue were isolated from each sample using Laser Capture Microdissection. Total RNA was isolated from dissected tissues. Expression of miR-96-5p, miR-134-5p, 181b-5p, and miR-200b-3p was determined by real-time RT-qPCR method. The expression of miR-200b-3p was significantly higher in cancerous prostate: both in adenocarcinomatous glands and in the adjacent, apparently unaffected glands compared to BPH samples. The expression of miR-181b-5p was lower in in both prostate cancer tissues and adjacent tissue compared to BPH samples. Expression of miR-96-5p and miR-134-5p was lower in prostate cancer tissues compared to BPH. Levels of miR-96-5p, miR-134-5p, and 181b-5p negatively correlated with the Gleason score. Given further studies, miR-96-5p, miR-134-5p and especially miR-200b-3p and miR-181b-5p may differentiate BPH and PC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00418-020-01941-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Novel emerging techniques for the surgical treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) related to lower urinary tract symptoms are being investigated very seriously to help search for a better method, and the studies are getting their place in the literature. In this review article, UroLift(®) system, (i)TIND(®), Aquablation(®), Rezūm® system, and prostatic artery embolization have been discussed according to the literature and both European and American urological guidelines. All related randomized controlled trials are discussed under the appropriate headings. Indications, technique, and the role of these minimally invasive surgical options for BPH are assessed. These methods, which are still being studied, are promising for the future. As the studies get completed, the indications will become clearer, and these techniques will find their respective places as the personalized treatment options.

Background The aim of this study is to investigate whether quantitative DW metrics can provide additive value to the reliable categorization of lesions within existing PI-RADSv2 guidelines. Fifty-eight patients with clinically suspicious prostate cancer who underwent PR examination, PSA serum levels, sextant TRUS-guided biopsies, and bi-parametric MR imaging were included in the study. Results Sixty-six lesions were detected by histopathological analysis of surgical specimens. The mean ADC values were significantly lower in tumor than non-tumor tissue. The mean ADC value inversely correlated with Gleason score of tumors with a significant p value < 0.001.Conversely, a positive relationship was found between the ADC ratio (ADC of benign prostatic tissue to prostate cancer) and the pathologic Gleason score with a significant elevation of the ADC ratio along with an increase of the pathologic Gleason score (p < 0.001). ROC curves constructed for the tumor ADC and ADC ratio helped to distinguish pathologically aggressive (Gleason score ≥ 7) from non-aggressive (Gleason score ≤ 6) tumors and to correlate it with PIRADSv2 scoring to predict the presence of clinically significant PCA (PIRADSv2 DW ≥ 4). The ability of the tumor ADC and ADC ratio to predict highly aggressive tumors (GS> 7) was high (AUC for ADC and ADC ratio, 0.946 and 0.897; p = 0.014 and 0.039, respectively). The ADC cut-off value for GS ≥ 7 was < 0.7725 and for GS ≤ 6 was > 0.8620 with sensitivity and specificity 97 and 94%. The cutoff ADC ratio for predicting (GS > 7) was 1.42 and for GS ≤ 6 was > 1.320 with sensitivity and specificity 97 and 92%. By applying this ADC ratio cut-off value the sensitivity and specificity of reader 1 for correct categorization of PIRADSv2 DW > 4 increased from 90 and 68% to 95 and 90% and that of reader 2 increased from 94 and 88% to 97 and 92%, respectively. Conclusion Estimation of DW metrics (ADC and ADC ratio between benign prostatic tissue and prostate cancer) allow the non-invasive assessment of biological aggressiveness of prostate cancer and allow reliable application of the PIRADSv2 scoring to determine clinically significant cancer (DW score > 4) which may contribute in planning initial treatment strategies.

Introduction: It is generally believed that Cyperus esculentus (tiger nut) has some fertility boosting effects. However, scientific validation of some the fertility boosting belief concerning tiger nut is lacking. Objective: The aim of this project was to study the effects of tiger nuts on PSA, Sperm midpiece, relative organ weight and histological changes in BPH induced rats. Method: A total of sixty (60) male rats weighing between 160 – 200 g were used in this study. They were divided into six groups of ten rats per group. Benign prostate hyperplasia was induced in three groups of the rats (as stated in methodology) with 30 mg/kg sub-cutaneous injections of hormones containing dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and estradiol valerate dissolved in olive oil in the ratio of 10:1 (three times in a week, one day interval). Administration of tiger nut meal commenced immediately and lasted for two months. At the end of administration, blood sample was collected from the rat via cardiac puncture for the determination of PSA. Semen sample was also collected for semen morphological studies. Internal organs notably, the prostate and the testes of the rats were also removed for histological examination. Results: The study showed that the induction of BPH brought about some adverse effects. On PSA, the administration of the tiger nut meal ameliorated the BPH by significantly reducing the increased level of the PSA which is a biomarker for prostate hyperplasia (P

Background:: Benign Prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is known as a disease prevalent in men after the age of 50 years old. Ninety percent of men with the age of 80 years and over have BPH. BPH is associated with functional problems like dysuria, nocturia, polyuria, urinary incontinence and recurrent urinary tract infections. Urtica dioica or nettle is a popular medicinal plant for management of BPH in men. Objective:: This article evaluates the efficacy and safety of nettle and its related possible mechanisms in the management of BPH. Methods:: For the preparation of this manuscript, all the information was gathered from accessible and inaccessible resources (Web, Books, Thesis, etc.). Results:: The results of preclinical and clinical studies confirmed the efficacy of nettle roots extracts (methanol, ethanol, and petroleum ether) in the improvement of BPH in term of IPSS score, and patient's life quality. An increase in mean and maximum urinary flow rates and a reduction in prostate volume and residual urine level were observed after treatment with nettle extract. Nettle roots should be used for 6-12 months as its use is possible for a long time without any serious adverse effects. Conclusion:: Designing the clinical trials to compare the efficacy of different extracts from roots or leaves and investigation of molecular mechanisms of action could be the approaches for future.

The minimally invasive UroLift® System procedure in moderate-to-severe benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) refractory to medical treatment may be superior over other prostate procedures regarding its...

Background The prevalence of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) varies among individuals from different races or ethnic groups. South-Kivu province (DR Congo) has several morphologically different ethnic groups. Our aim was to compare prostate volume and assess its possible association with specific anthropometric measurements among major ethnic groups. Methods This is a cross-sectional study of male subjects, ≥ 40 year old, enrolled in 10 different sites of South-Kivu allowing both easy access and ethnic diversity. We compared urological features, anthropometric parameters, and body fat composition among 979 subjects who met study criteria: Shi (n: 233), Lega (n: 212), Havu (n: 204), Bembe–Fuliru (n: 172), and minority ethnic groups (n: 158). Results Prostate volume was statistically different among ethnic groups. Median (interquartile range) size of prostate gland was significantly larger in Lega: 55 (38–81) cc, and smaller in Havu, 20 (17, 24) cc; p p p p: 0.046), and fasting blood glucose (p: 0.001). Conversely, prostate volume was neither associated with anthropometric parameters, nor with body fat composition. Conclusion Prostatic size varies widely among men from different ethnic origins in South-Kivu. Different genetic determinants and cellular composition of prostatic gland could represent risk factors that need to be examined in forthcoming studies.

Pain is an unpleasant symptom experienced by patients who undergoing post surgery of TURP BPH. One technique used to reduce pain after surgery is early mobilization techniques. This study aim ed to determine the effect of early mobilization on reducing pain scale in post surgery patients with TURP BPH . The design of this study was one group pre-post test design with a pre-experimental design, with a total sample was 12 respondents using purposive sampling technique. The instrument used in this study was guide sheet in the form of Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) and a pain gauge in the form of Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). Pain scale before early mobilization, 2 respondents (16.7%) were with pain scale 6 and 3 respondents (25%) were with pain scale 3. After early mobilization, 1 respondent (8.3%) was with pain scale 5 and 3 respondents ( 25%) were with pain scale 2. Wilcoxon test results obtained p-value = 0.0001

Background Current in vitro modeling systems do not fully reflect the biologic and clinical diversity of prostate cancer (PCa). Organoids are 3D in vitro cell cultures that recapitulate disease heterogeneity, retain prostate gland architecture, and mirror parental tumor characteristics. Methods To make better use of organoid models in the PCa research field, we provide a review of cutting-edge prostate organoid methodologies, applications, and limitations. Results We summarize methodologies for the establishment of benign prostate and PCa organoids and describe some of the model's practical applications and challenges. We highlight the patient-derived xenograft (PDX)-organoid interface model, which may allow for the generation of organoids from primary and rare PCa subtypes. Finally, we discuss potential future utilizations of PCa organoids in the realms of drug development and precision oncology. Conclusions and future directions Organoids represent a quasi in vivo modeling system that can be easily amenable to genetic modification and functional studies. As such, organoids may serve as an intermediate preclinical model for studying PCa. Future directions may include the refinement of culturing conditions to increase drug response fidelity in PCa organoids. The PDX-organoid interface model may enable the future establishment of primary and rare subtype PCa organoid lines.

Purpose Prostate problems, such as prostate cancer, and benign prostate hyperplasia have been recognized as problems largely related to androgens and genetic factors. They affect a large fraction of the elderly population, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality. Therefore, the purpose of this review paper was to investigate a therapeutic strategies for prostate cancer and benign prostate hyperplasia. Methods In order to determine the therapeutic exercise strategies for prostate cancer and benign prostate hyperplasia, previous literature was reviewed with MEDLINE, PubMed, and Scopus databases. Results Prostate cancer and its associated treatments can cause significant and lasting morbidities, such as cardiovascular and sexual dysfunctions. Various interventions have attempted to prevent or mitigate these dysfunctions. This review summarizes the available evidence concerning the effects of exercise training on male sexual health in the cancer prevalent population. Smoking cessation, regular exercise, and maintaining healthy weight are important public health targets for intervention. Importantly, several lifestyle modifications may lower the risk of developing more aggressive cancer or offer survival benefits to prostate cancer patients. Conclusions In this review article, physical exercise training can increase apoptosis markers in the prostate, suggesting exercise training as a potential novel therapeutic strategies for treating prostate cancer and benign prostate hyperplasia. Future studies in more advanced and varied prostate cancer populations are required to ascertain the duration, intensity and frequency of exercise that optimizes the effects of exercise training on prostate cancer and benign prostate hyperplasia.

Blasenhalsengen (BHE) nach operativer Therapie der benignen Prostatahyperplasie (BPH) und Anastomosenstenosen (AS) nach radikaler Prostatektomie beim Prostatakarzinom treten regelmasig auf. Beide Krankheitsbilder sollten jedoch wegen der zugrunde liegenden Pathologie, der Anatomie und der operativen Ergebnisse getrennt betrachtet werden. AS treten mit einer Inzidenz von 0,2–28 % meist innerhalb der ersten 2 Jahre postoperativ auf. Die initiale Therapie sollte endourologisch per Dilatation, (Laser)schlitzung oder Resektion erfolgen. Nach drei erfolglosen Versuchen sollte eine offene Rekonstruktion erfolgen. Hierfur sind verschiedene Zugangswege (abdominell, perineal, abdominoperineal) beschrieben, die alle mit guten Erfolgsraten einhergehen. Allerdings besteht ein hohes Inkontinenzrisiko. Die Inkontinenz kann erfolgreich mit der Implantation eines artifiziellen Sphinkters therapiert werden. Die Inzidenz der BHE liegt uber alle desobstruierenden Verfahren hinweg bei ca. 5 %. In der Regel treten BHE in den ersten 2 Jahren auf. Auch hier sollte zunachst eine endourologische Therapie erfolgen. Bei rezidivierenden BHE ist eine offene Rekonstruktion zu empfehlen. Die YV-Plastik ist dabei eine etablierte Operation, die T‑Plastik stellt eine Modifikation dar. Die Erfolgsrate der offenen Rekonstruktion ist hoch. Sowohl fur die AS als auch fur die BHE liegen erste Fallbeschreibungen fur robotisch assistierte Rekonstruktionen vor.

The diagnostic specificity of prostate specific antigen (PSA) is limited. We aimed to characterize eight anti-PSA monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to assess the prostate cancer (PCa) diagnostic utility of different PSA molecular forms, total (t) and free (f) PSA and PSA complexed to α1-antichymotrypsin (complexed PSA). MAbs were obtained by immunization with PSA and characterized by competition studies, ELISAs and immunoblotting. With them, we developed sensitive and specific ELISAs for these PSA molecular forms and measured them in 301 PCa patients and 764 patients with benign prostate hyperplasia, and analyzed their effectiveness to discriminate both groups using ROC curves. The free-to-total (FPR) and the complexed-to-total PSA (CPR) ratios significantly increased the diagnostic yield of tPSA. Moreover, based on model selection, we constructed a multivariable logistic regression model to predictive PCa that includes tPSA, fPSA, and age as predictors, which reached an optimism-corrected area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.86. Our model outperforms the predictive ability of tPSA (AUC 0.71), used in clinical practice. In conclusion, The FPR and CPR showed better diagnostic yield than tPSA. In addition, the PCa predictive model including age, fPSA and complexed PSA, outperformed tPSA detection efficacy. Our model may avoid unnecessary biopsies, preventing harmful side effects and reducing health expenses.

Context Pygeum africanum is still being employed in urology practice for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) secondary to benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). Evidence acquisition A non-exhaustive review has been carried out about Pygeum africanum, its mechanisms of action "in vitro" as well as "in vivo", clinical trials and routine clinical practice. Evidence synthesis The conclusions of the review and the reflections of the authors on the use of Pygeum africanum are described. Conclusions Although with an evidence level IV (based on expert opinion) the use of Pygeum africanum seems to be an option in the urological therapeutic arsenal.

In the article the results of conservative and operative treatment of 122 patients ranging in age from 42 to 80 years of age with acute delay of urine caused by benign prostate hyperplasia in the urology Department Alexander Hospital 2016 to 2018 years. n men, the most common cause of SSM is safe giperplazia (adenoma) prostate (BPH), found in the 45–53% of observations, tending to cause heart attacks in prostate tissue and in­creased Alpha-adrenergic activity. The main pathogenetic factor SSM in men is BPH, where heart attacks occur in the prostate tissue and increased Alpha-adrenergicheskaja activity. In 1 group comprised 42 patients diag­nosed for the first time, SSM, caused by BPH, in Group 2–80 patients with multiple SSM caused by BPH. All patients of Group 1 after combination therapy of Alpha alfuprost MICRORAION adrenoblokatorom in com­bination with jelefloksom noted restore self-sustaining urination. In Group 2 at 72 patients recovered partially and urinating they have plus sizes BPH, they performed Transurethral enucleation of BPH with positive effect.

Purpose: Photoselective vaporization of the prostate (PVP) with a 940-nm diode laser is an option for treating symptoms caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Here, we present our experience...

BackgroundProstate cancer (PCa) and benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) are commonly encountered diseases in elderly males. The two diseases have some commonalities: both are growth depend on hormone and respond to antiandrogen therapy. Some studies have shown that genetic factors are responsible for the occurrences of both diseases. There may be a correlation between BPH and PCa. MethodsThe GEO database can help determine the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between BPH and PCa. Gene Ontology (GO) term enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were utilized to find pathways in which the DEGs were enriched. The STRING database can provide a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network, and Cytoscape software can find hub genes in PPI network. GEPIA can be used to analyze expression and survival data for hub genes. R software was used to progress regression analysis, decision curve analysis and built nomograph. UALCAN and The Human Protein Atlas was utilized to test the results. Finally, we made clinical and cell experiments to verify the results.ResultsSixty DEGs, consisting of 15 up-regulated and 45 down-regulated genes, were found based on the GEO database. Using Cytoscape, we found 7 hub gene in the PPI network. The hub gene expression was tested on TCGA database. Except CXCR4, all hub genes expressed differently between tumor and normal samples. Meanwhile, all hub genes exclude CXCR4 has diagnostic value in predicting PCa and their mutations are risk factors leading to PCa. The expression of CSRP1, MYL9 and SNAI2 changed in different tumor stage. CSRP1 and MYH11 could affect the disease-free survival (DFS). The same results reflected in different database. In addition, we also chose three hub gene, MYC, MYL9, and SNAI2, to validate their functions in clinical specimens and cells.ConclusionThese identified hub genes can help us to understand the process and mechanism by which BPH develops into PCa and provide achievable targets for predicting which BPH patients may later develop PCa.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE:To evaluate efficacy and durability of greenlight laser (XPS-180watt) based prostatectomy for treatment of benign prostatic obstruction (BPO). The need for medical and or...

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE:Steroid 5α reductase 2 (SRD5A2) is the predominant enzyme responsible for prostatic development and growth. SRD5A2 inhibitors are the only class of benign prostate hyperp...

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE:Evaluating outcomes after benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) surgery among men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) only versus those with urinary retention (UR)METHOD...

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE:Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) is an effective option for patients with lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostate hyperplasia. Although...