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1. Impact of training system, soil management and soil water holding capacity on vine water status in a changing climate over 60 years in the Cognac production area

Author

Sebastien Zito, Cornelis van Leeuwen, and Benjamin Bois

Subjects
grapevine, water status, modelling, sensitivity analysis, FTSW, climate change, Agriculture, Botany, QK1-989
Abstract

This study investigates the impact of vine training systems on water deficits in the Cognac region (France), through the application of a vine water balance model, taking into account different soil water holding capacities (SWHC) and soil management strategies, including grass cover. Using climate data from the SAFRAN gridded database, over 2 million simulations were performed for the period 1962 to 2021 to quantify the response of grapevine water status under varying training systems and environmental conditions. Indices based on simulated relative stomatal conductance were developed to characterise the intensity of grapevine water deficit during the critical flowering-to-maturity period. Results show a significant trend of increasing water deficit between 1962 and 2021, particularly in the north-western part of the region, affecting 23 % of the Cognac production area. Sensitivity analysis of the water balance model indicates that SWHC is the predominant factor influencing grapevine water status, explaining nearly 80 % of the variance in water deficit days. The simulations further suggest that adjustments in canopy width and grass cover have a significant effect on the duration and severity of water deficit. The methodology developed in this research allows quantifying the relative importance of major drivers of vine water deficits: SWHC, training system parameters and vineyard floor management, under different climatic conditions. It can be used as a basis for providing easy-to-implement vineyard management strategies to mitigate the effects of climate change in viticulture. It was applied to the Cognac region, but the workflow developed is applicable to any grape-growing region in the world.

Published
2024
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2. Carbon isotope discrimination (so-called δ13C) measured on grape juice is an accessible tool to monitor vine water status in production conditions

Author

Cornelis van Leeuwen, Benjamin Bois, Luca Brillante, Agnès Destrac-Irvine, Mark Gowdy, Damian Martin, Marc Plantevin, Laure de Rességuier, Luis G. Santesteban, and Vivian Zufferey

Subjects
Agriculture (General), S1-972, Plant culture, SB1-1110
Abstract

Assessment of vine water status is needed to understand the effect of environmental factors and management practices on dry-farmed and irrigated vineyards. Among plant-based indicators, carbon isotope discrimination (δ13C) is easily accessible, reliable, and inexpensive. As it provides a post-hoc assessment of vine water status during the berry ripening period, it can be useful for assessing the results of vineyard management practices during the season, and to map water status in the vineyard to aid in future precision management. Possible applications and limitations of this technique for practical vineyard management are discussed in this article.

Published
2023

3. Projected impacts of climate change on viticulture over French wine regions using downscaled CMIP6 multi-model data

Author

Sebastien Zito, Julien Pergaud, Yves Richard, Thierry Castel, Renan Le Roux, Iñaki García de Cortázar-Atauri, Hervé Quenol, and Benjamin Bois

Subjects
phenology, ecoclimatic indices, agroclimatic indices, grapevine, Agriculture, Botany, QK1-989
Abstract

Climate change is a major challenge for the French wine industry. Climatic conditions in French vineyards have already changed and will continue to evolve impacting viticulture. This study aims to analyse the evolution of agro- and eco-climatic indices based on phenology simulation of French wine-growing regions. This evolution was analysed on a recent-past period (1962–1991 to 1992–2021) using SAFRAN climate data and on a future projected period (1985–2014 to 2041–2070) with two SSP trajectories (SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5). A set of 19 CMIP6 climate models downscaled at 8 km grid resolution over France coupled with three phenological and a water balance model were used. Phenological model parameters and training system characteristics were adapted to each region to match as much as possible current practices. Temperatures during the growing season have increased by +1 °C to +2.1 °C since the second half of the 20th century and could rise to +3.7 °C in regions around the Mediterranean by 2070. The inter-model variance concerning the precipitation is high, a significant change (decrease) in precipitation during the grapevine growing season is observed only for the regions of western France (Oceanic climate) over the period 2040–2071 with the SSP5 trajectory. All simulated phenological stages have shifted toward earlier dates. Their occurrence should be even earlier by 2070 with an average advance of up to 22 days for the mid-veraison of Pinot noir in eastern France. The theoretical maturity date (sugar content) should also be advanced from 19 to 30 days depending on the considered region and SSP. Thermal conditions closer to the photosynthetic optimum should promote onset by the early second half of the 21st century. The increase in both the number of hot days and grapevine water deficit during the period of fruit development should impact grape production in quality and quantity in all wine-growing regions. Spring frost projections show no significant change in risk for the second half of the 21st century, compared to current conditions.

Published
2023
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4. High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics for Increased Grape Juice Metabolite Coverage

Author

Sébastien Nicolas, Benjamin Bois, Kevin Billet, Rémy Romanet, Florian Bahut, Jenny Uhl, Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin, and Régis D. Gougeon

Subjects
Chardonnay, Pinot noir, Meunier, Aligoté, molecular fingerprints, mesocarp, Chemical technology, TP1-1185
Abstract

The composition of the juice from grape berries is at the basis of the definition of technological ripeness before harvest, historically evaluated from global sugar and acid contents. If many studies have contributed to the identification of other primary and secondary metabolites in whole berries, deepening knowledge about the chemical composition of the sole flesh of grape berries (i.e., without considering skins and seeds) at harvest is of primary interest when studying the enological potential of widespread grape varieties producing high-added-value wines. Here, we used non-targeted DI-FT-ICR-MS and RP-UHPLC-Q-ToF-MS analyses to explore the extent of metabolite coverage of up to 290 grape juices from four Vitis vinifera grape varieties, namely Chardonnay, Pinot noir, Meunier, and Aligoté, sampled at harvest from 91 vineyards in Europe and Argentina, over three successive vintages. SPE pretreatment of samples led to the identification of more than 4500 detected C,H,O,N,S-containing elemental compositions, likely associated with tens of thousands of distinct metabolites. We further revealed that a major part of this chemical diversity appears to be common to the different juices, as exemplified by Pinot noir and Chardonnay samples. However, it was possible to build significant models for the discrimination of Chardonnay from Pinot noir grape juices, and of Chardonnay from Aligoté grape juices, regardless of the geographical origin or the vintage. Therefore, this metabolomic approach opens access to a remarkable holistic molecular description of the instantaneous composition of such a biological matrix, which is the result of complex interplays among environmental, biochemical, and vine growing practices.

Published
2023
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5. L'incertaine évolution des risques de gelées de printemps au vignoble au 21ème siècle

Author

Benjamin Bois, Catinca Gavrilescu, Sébastien Zito, Yves Richard, and Thierry Castel

Subjects
Agriculture (General), S1-972, Plant culture, SB1-1110
Abstract

Avec des hivers plus doux, une plus grande précocité du débourrement de la vigne pourrait conduire à un accroissement des dégâts de gel au cours du 21ème siècle, en dépit du réchauffement climatique. Toutefois la projection du risque de gelées dans le futur souffre actuellement d’incertitudes. Nous revenons ici sur les éléments à considérer quand on souhaite évaluer le risque de dégâts de gel de printemps et les limites de l’exercice de simulation de ce dernier, en s’appuyant sur des travaux de simulations menées dans la région viticole de Chablis (Bourgogne, France).

Published
2023
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6. Isotopic comparison and correlation of δ13C between bulk wood and cellulose of Vitis vinifera L.

Author

Federico Roig, Federico Berli, Benjamin Bois, Olivier Mathieu, Fidel Roig, and Patricia Piccoli

Subjects
carbon isotope ratio, dendrochemistry, Vitis vinifera L., growth rings, Agriculture, Botany, QK1-989
Abstract

This study aims to compare the δ13C isotopic signal between bulk wood and α-cellulose in wood samples from the main trunk of Vitis vinifera L. to verify whether α-cellulose extraction is necessary for ecophysiological studies in this species. A pool of samples from different cultivars and provenances was analysed. The wood samples were obtained from cross sections of the main trunk of the plants, from where the annual growth rings were anatomically recognised, dated to the year of formation, and then separated. Each ring comprised both early- and latewood portions. For each sample, a part was saved as bulk wood and another part was destined for α-cellulose extraction. The δ13C isotopic signal in both types of samples was performed on a Vario Micro Cube elemental analyser coupled to a continuous flow mode to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer. A least squares regression was used to verify the correlation between the two variables. The results showed that the correlation coefficient of the isotopic signal for both types of samples was 0.86, and the slope of the regression line was not significantly different from one. Those results indicated that it is acceptable to use bulk wood instead of α-cellulose for δ13C isotopic studies in Vitis vinifera. This study is the first to compare isotopic δ13C signals between bulk wood and α-cellulose in grapevines. Therefore, this study constitutes a starting point to explore dendrochemical techniques based on the analysis of the δ13C content in Vitis vinifera wood, with the aim of deepening the ecophysiological knowledge of the grapevine in relation to water economy strategies and the links with climate variability and change.

Published
2023
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7. Climatic comparison between Belgium, Champagne, Alsace, Jura and Bourgogne for wine production using the regional model MAR

Author

Sébastien Doutreloup, Benjamin Bois, Benjamin Pohl, Sébastien Zito, and Yves Richard

Subjects
Wine, Belgium, climate modelling, bioclimatic indices, phenology, hazards, Agriculture, Botany, QK1-989
Abstract

In Belgium, vineyards have strongly increased over the last decades. Is it a trendy effect, or is Belgium becoming an increasingly favourable country for viticulture? A related issue is whether Belgium is similar to another French region from a climatic point of view. To address these questions, we use here the regional climate model MAR to provide high-resolution (5 km) climate information over the territory of Belgium and the north-eastern quarter of France. We first evaluate MAR outputs from a climate point of view against more than 150 weather stations and then from a viticulture point of view by computing bioclimatic indices, as well as key phenological dates and frost risk. The second step consists in comparing the four northernmost French wine regions (Champagne, Bourgogne, Jura and Alsace) with the Belgian wine region. MAR simulations are generally consistent with the observation, especially for the dates of the main phenological stages of the vine. Simulations of a frost risk in spring, heat stress in summer and Huglin’s heliothermal index show slightly more disagreement, but biases remain moderate. The Belgium wine region appears to be quite comparable to the Champagne and Jura regions, despite colder conditions that influence its bioclimatic indices. Under current climate conditions, the main risk for Belgian vines is frost after bud break.

Published
2022
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8. La viticulture durable vue à travers le prisme de 90 ans de résolutions de l’OIV

Author

Benjamin Bois, Mario Rega, and Yann Juban

Subjects
Social Sciences, Plant culture, SB1-1110
Abstract

Depuis sa création en 1924, l’OIV a adopté un large ensemble de résolutions relayant l’expression de positions politiques communes des États membres de l’Organisation ou portant des lignes directrices, des bonnes pratiques ou protocoles constituant des normes techniques de référence internationale pour la production, l’analyse, les échanges commerciaux, les plants de vigne ou des produits de la vigne. Parmi ces résolutions, 252 d’entre elles s’intéressent spécifiquement à la viticulture. Adoptées entre 1928 et 2017, elles couvrent un champ étendu de thématiques telles que les maladies et ravageurs de la vigne, les techniques viticoles, la production de raisins secs, les terroirs viticoles, l’environnement, la qualité des produits ou encore le matériel végétal.La présente communication revient sur l’analyse synthétique du contenu de ces 252 résolutions qui permet une lecture rétrospective des préoccupations d’ordre nationales et internationales ainsi que des efforts menés par l’Organisation pour accompagner la viticulture. On remarque notamment que le matériel végétal (sélection, état sanitaire, échanges internationaux, génétique de la vigne) a été, durant 90 ans et avec une relative constance, l’objet de nombreuses résolutions.

Published
2021
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9. Sensitivity of Grapevine Soil–Water Balance to Rainfall Spatial Variability at Local Scale Level

Author

Benjamin Bois, Basile Pauthier, Luca Brillante, Olivier Mathieu, Jean Leveque, Cornelis Van Leeuwen, Thierry Castel, and Yves Richard

Subjects
water balance, grapevine, rainfall, local scale, Burgundy, terroir, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

In rainfed agriculture systems, rainfall water management (harvesting, storage, and efficient use) is a key issue. At local scale (i.e., from 100 m to 50 km), the impact of rainfall spatial and temporal variability on crop water availability is seldom addressed. In order to accurately depict the space and time variations of rainfall at local scale, a dense rain-gauges network composed of 45 rain-gauges has been deployed over 28-km2 area, in Burgundy vineyards (North-East France). Rainfall data collected by each rain gauge from 2014 to 2016 were used as input variables in the Lebon et al. (2003) grapevine water balance model. All other climate variables, vineyard, and soil parameters were kept the same for each simulation in order to capture the impact of the sole spatial variability of rainfall on vineyard water status. As rainfall dynamics impact on the vineyard depends on the soil water content, water balance was modeled considering soils with low (50 mm) and medium (150 mm) soil water-holding capacities, representative of the soils of the area. The impact of modeled soil water availability for grapevine was assessed using the water deficit stress index (WDSI), i.e., the relative stomatal conductance. Local rainfall variability throughout the vine vegetative period leads to large variations in WDSI; it varied up to 0.3 within the study area due to because of rainfall spatial variability. Using a set of 34 weather stations at mesoscale level over Burgundy (186 km from North to South), we showed that local rainfall might contribute to change in grapevine water status as large as 50% of the simulated regional water balance spatial variability. Our results indicate that local rainfall and its impacts on agricultural production are probably not sufficiently considered in farming systems, potentially leading to inaccurate water management (cover-crop, irrigation) due to sparse rainfall network.

Published
2020
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10. Climate vs grapevine pests and diseases worldwide: the first results of a global survey

Author

Benjamin Bois, S. Zito, and A. Calonnec

Subjects
Diseases, pests, viticulture, climate change, grapevine, Agriculture, Botany, QK1-989
Abstract

Aim: This paper aimed to address the relationship between grapevine disease, pest occurrences and climate. The extremely large extension of viticulture worldwide offers the possibility to evaluate the impacts of climate variability on many aspects of the grape growing system. For this, we initiated a global survey to retrieve the most important diseases and pests in many grape growing regions worldwide and to identify the risk of exposure to pests and diseases of viticulture as a function of climate. Methods and results: Based on the answer of respondent about the main reported diseases/pests in their region, a severity index was calculated. Each region was geolocalised and data were compared to the WorldClim gridded climate database to document the range of climate conditions (growing season temperature and rainfall) associated to the main diseases/pests. The potential climatic-induced changes of grapevine disease and pest geography by 2050 are assessed using agro-climate projections from the ARPEGE CNRM model, using the RCP 4.5 scenario. The preliminary results allow to determine the distribution of diseases as function of agroclimatic indicators. Conclusion: While the distribution of diseases differs according to the region of the world, the current analysis suggests that mildews remain the major phytosanitary threat in most of the regions. Powdery mildew, trunk diseases and viruses were reported in extremely diverse climatic conditions, including intermediate and wet regions. Significance and impact of the study: This paper present an original methodology to address the relationship between grapevine disease and pest occurrences and climate. Such documentation is scarce in the current literature. Further analysis is currently being performed, including additional survey answers, climate indices and supplementary data collected (spatial extension, frequency of treatments…) to better depict the challenges of grapevine phytosanitary management in a changing climate.

Published
2017
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11. Which climatic modeling to assess climate change impacts on vineyards?

Author

Hervé Quénol, Iñaki Garcia de Cortazar Atauri, Benjamin Bois, Andrew Sturman, Valérie Bonnardot, and Renan Le Roux

Subjects
climate change, modelling, uncertainties, bioclimatic index, viticulture, Agriculture, Botany, QK1-989
Abstract

The impact of climatic change on viticulture is significant: main phenological stages appear earlier, wine characteristics are changing,... This clearly illustrates the point that the adaptation of viticulture to climate change is crucial and should be based on simulations of future climate. Several types of models exist and are used to represent viticultural climates at various scales. In this paper, we propose a review of different types of climate models (methodology and uncertainties) and then few examples of its application at the scale of wine growing regions worldwide.

Published
2017
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12. The effect of climate on Burgundy vintage quality rankings

Author

Robert E. Davis, Ruth A. Dimon, Gregory V. Jones, and Benjamin Bois

Subjects
Burgundy, climate, vintage quality, consensus ranking, vintage rating, Agriculture, Botany, QK1-989
Abstract

Aim: Based on consensus rankings from prominent rating authorities, we examined the importance of a suite of climatic variables, organized by winegrape phenological stage, in distinguishing between high- and low-ranked vintages in Burgundy. Methods and Results: Vintage ratings of Burgundy wines acquired from 12 sources were evaluated to develop consensus rankings for red and white wines from 1961–2015. Climate variables (air temperature, precipitation, degree-day accumulations, etc.) were organized by mean phenological stage and compared between good and poor vintages using Mann-Whitney U tests and multivariate stepwise discriminant function analysis. High temperatures, particularly during the growing season, were found to be the most consistently important climatic factor in distinguishing good-quality vintages from poor-quality vintages. The best red vintages had a greater diurnal temperature range during the growing season, whereas the top white vintages were not distinguished by unusually warm conditions, but the bottom-ranked white vintages were particularly cool and wet. The impact of rainfall varied across the growing season, with top-ranked Burgundy wines benefitting from rainfall during the bud break period and dry conditions during the ripening phase. Conclusions: The most important climatic factor in distinguishing between top- and bottom-ranked vintages is growing season temperature, especially high diurnal temperature range (for reds) and high average maximum temperatures (for whites). Good Burgundy vintages are more likely when there is ample rainfall during the bud break period in April and dry conditions during the véraison and ripening phases. Significance and Impact of the Study: As viticulturalists adapt to regional climate trends, a better understanding of how specific climate variables affect wine quality becomes increasingly important in viticulture management.

Published
2019
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14. Temperature-based zoning of the Bordeaux wine region

Author

Benjamin Bois, Daniel Joly, Hervé Quénol, Philippe Pieri, Jean-Pierre Gaudillière, Dominique Guyon, Etienne Saur, and Cornelis van Leeuwen

Subjects
Bordeaux wine region, Viticultural zoning, Grapevine phenology, Regression kriging, Temperature, Agriculture, Botany, QK1-989
Abstract

Temperature is a driving climate variable for grapevine development and grape ripening kinetics. The current study first reports interpolation of daily minimum and maximum temperature data by a weather station network from 2001 to 2005 in the Bordeaux (France) region by means of regression kriging using terrain, satellite and land-cover derived covariates. Second it analyses the interpolation procedure errors in agroclimatic indices by means of cross validation and then it compares the field observations of grapevine phenology to temperature-based predicted phenology applied to interpolated data. Finally it proposes a simple method to perform a zoning of Bordeaux vineyards based upon the spatialized prediction of the day on which grape sugar content reaches 200 g.L-1. The zoning performed shows large potential differences in grape maturity date (up to 20 days) induced by temperature spatial variability in a low relief area.

Published
2018

16. Phenological model performance to warmer conditions: application to Pinot noir in Burgundy

Author

Cédric Cuccia, Benjamin Bois, Yves Richard, Amber Kaye Parker, Iñaki García de Cortázar-Atauri, Cornelis van Leeuwen, and Thierry Castel

Subjects
climate change, phenological model, Pinot noir, Burgundy, Vitis vinifera, Agriculture, Botany, QK1-989
Abstract

Aim: The current work aims to assess the performance of two phenological models - a linear model (Grapevine Flowering Véraison model, GFV) and a curvilinear model (Wang and Engel model, WE) - to warmer temperature conditions for the grapevine variety Pinot noir in Burgundy. Methods and results: Simulations using historical data from the 1973-2005 period were similar between models and consistent with observations. To mimic potential climate warming for 2050 and 2100, 3 °C and 5 °C were added to each daily average temperature of the 1973-2005 dataset. The results showed that the two models simulated similarly the véraison stage of Pinot noir in Burgundy for temperature increases up to 5 °C. However, the simulation by the GFV model was 4.7 days earlier than that by the WE model when 10 °C was added. This difference may reflect the inhibitory effect of high temperatures on plant development incorporated in the equations of the WE model. Finally, both models were tested for three other sites in Europe (Carcassonne, Cagliari and Seville) with quite contrasting climatic conditions. Results obtained showed that both models differed significantly when they were applied at latitudes below 40°N. Conclusion: In cool-climate grape growing regions and for early grapevine varieties, increased temperatures (up to +5 °C) may advance the date of véraison as predicted by heat summation models but produce little difference in predictions between the simpler GFV model and the WE model. Significance and impact of the study: Both models (GFV and WE) satisfactorily reproduce the observed véraison dates for Pinot noir in Burgundy. For the range of temperature increases expected in the future for cool temperate areas, a model that uses a curvilinear response to temperature does not improve significantly the phenological predictions compared with a simple model based on a linear response.

Published
2014
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17. Mesoscale and Local Scale Evaluations of Quantitative Precipitation Estimates by Weather Radar Products during a Heavy Rainfall Event

Author

Basile Pauthier, Benjamin Bois, Thierry Castel, D. Thévenin, Carmela Chateau Smith, and Yves Richard

Subjects
Meteorology. Climatology, QC851-999
Abstract

A 24-hour heavy rainfall event occurred in northeastern France from November 3 to 4, 2014. The accuracy of the quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) by PANTHERE and ANTILOPE radar-based gridded products during this particular event, is examined at both mesoscale and local scale, in comparison with two reference rain-gauge networks. Mesoscale accuracy was assessed for the total rainfall accumulated during the 24-hour event, using the Météo France operational rain-gauge network. Local scale accuracy was assessed for both total event rainfall and hourly rainfall accumulations, using the recently developed HydraVitis high-resolution rain gauge network Evaluation shows that (1) PANTHERE radar-based QPE underestimates rainfall fields at mesoscale and local scale; (2) both PANTHERE and ANTILOPE successfully reproduced the spatial variability of rainfall at local scale; (3) PANTHERE underestimates can be significantly improved at local scale by merging these data with rain gauge data interpolation (i.e., ANTILOPE). This study provides a preliminary evaluation of radar-based QPE at local scale, suggesting that merged products are invaluable for applications at very high resolution. The results obtained underline the importance of using high-density rain-gauge networks to obtain information at high spatial and temporal resolution, for better understanding of local rainfall variation, to calibrate remotely sensed rainfall products.

Published
2016
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18. Vine water status is a key factor in grape ripening and vintage quality for red Bordeaux wine. How can it be assessed for vineyard management purposes?

Author

Cornelis van Leeuwen, Olivier Trégoat, Xavier Choné, Benjamin Bois, David Pernet, and Jean-Pierre Gaudillère

Subjects
water status, water deficit stress, vine, grape, water potential, water balance, carbon isotope discrimination, ripening speed, irrigation, Agriculture, Botany, QK1-989
Abstract

Aims: The impact of water deficit stress on vine shoot growth, berry weight, grape composition and overall vintage quality was investigated in Bordeaux vineyards. Methods for assessing water deficit stress were compared. Methods and results: Vine water status was assessed on three soil types during four vintages by means of stem water potential and carbon isotope discrimination measured on grape sugar. Regional water deficit was compared for a range of over 30 vintages by means of water balance modelling. It was shown that water deficit stress anticipated shoot growth slackening, limited berry weight and enhanced berry anthocyanin content. Berry sugar content was greatest when water deficit was mild. It was shown that stem water potential measurements and carbon isotope discrimination are accurate tools for assessing vine water status at plot scale. Seasonal water deficit at a regional scale can be correctly estimated by water balance models. Vintage quality in Bordeaux is determined by the intensity of water deficit stress rather than by the level of the temperatures. Conclusions: Vine phenology and grape ripening are highly dependent on water uptake conditions. Mild water deficit stress enhances grape quality for the production of red wines. Vine water status can accurately be assessed by means of stem water potential or carbon isotope discrimination measured on grape sugars. Quality losses through severe water stress can be avoided through the use of drought-adapted plant material, appropriate canopy management, yield reduction or the implementation of deficit irrigation. Significance and impact of the study: This study shows the key role of water deficits in the production of quality grapes for red wine production. Methods for assessing vine water status are compared and discussed. Among many existing methods, the accuracy of stem water potential, carbon isotope discrimination measured on grape sugar and water balance modelling are emphasized.

Published
2009
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19. Estimating spatial and temporal variations in solar radiation within Bordeaux winegrowing region using remotely sensed data

Author

Benjamin Bois, Lucien Wald, Philippe Pieri, Cornelis van Leeuwen, Loïc Commagnac, Philippe Chery, Maxime Christen, Jean-Pierre Gaudillère, and Etienne Saur

Subjects
Solar radiation, remote sensing, Vitis vinifera, vineyard zoning, Bordeaux, Agriculture, Botany, QK1-989
Abstract

Aims: This paper presents a study of spatial and temporal variations in solar radiation for the Bordeaux winegrowing region, over a 20 year period (1986-2005). Methods and results: Solar radiation data was retrieved from the HelioClim-1 database, elaborated from Meteosat satellite images, using the Heliosat-2 algorithm. Daily data was interpolated using ordinary kriging to produce horizontal solar radiation maps at a 500 m resolution. Then using a digital elevation model, 50 m resolution daily solar radiation maps with terrain integration were produced for the period 2001-2005. The long term (20 year) analysis of solar radiation at low spatial resolution (500 m) showed a west to east decreasing gradient within the Bordeaux winegrowing region. Mean August-to-September daily irradiation values, on horizontal surface, were used to classify the Bordeaux winegrowing region into three zones: low, medium, and high solar radiation areas. This initial zoning was downscaled to 50 m resolution, applying a local correction ratio, based on 2001-2005 solar radiation from the inclined surface analysis. Grapevine development and maturation potential of the different zones of appellation of origin of Bordeaux winegrowing regions are discussed in relation with this zoning. Conclusion: Solar radiation variability within the Bordeaux winegrowing region is mainly governed by terrain slopes and orientations, which induce considerable variations within the eastern part of Bordeaux vineyards. Significance and impact of study: Solar radiation has a major impact on vineyard water balance, grapevine development and berry ripening. However, irradiation data is seldom available in weather stations records. This paper highlights the need for high resolution mapping of solar radiation that uses remote sensing and terrain effect integration for agroclimatic studies in viticulture.

Published
2008
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20. Modification des conditions de maturation du raisin en Bourgogne viticole liée au réchauffement climatique

Author

Malika Madelin, Benjamin Bois, and Jean-Pierre Chabin

Subjects
climate change, vineyard, Burgundy, Côte and Hautes-Côtes de Beaune, phenology, Geography (General), G1-922
Abstract

Impacts of climate change such as those related to global warming, are observed in many vineyards in France and as in other vineyards in the world. In Burgundy, since 20 years, this evolution of the temperatures changes the maturation conditions, key time for "typicité" and signature of "terroir-millésime". After a study of the changes in Burgundy temperatures (which shows a thermal rupture in 1987-1988), a comparative analysis of the phenologic consequences is performed using thermal data and development dates for two vineyard sites in Côte and Hautes-Côtes de Beaune (Savigny-lès-Beaune et La Rochepot). The results show a latitudinal and vertical transfer of the temperatures and vine’s indexes over a 20-30 year period as well as a double effect of climate warming in the maturation stage attributed to the increase in temperatures and the time shift of this period (which occurs most often in August).

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22. Non-linear loss of suitable wine regions over Europe in response to increasing global warming

Author

Giovanni Sgubin, Didier Swingedouw, Juliette Mignot, Gregory Alan Gambetta, Benjamin Bois, Harilaos Loukos, Thomas Noël, Philippe Pieri, Iñaki García de Cortázar‐Atauri, Nathalie Ollat, Cornelis van Leeuwen, Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Océan et variabilité du climat (VARCLIM), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Recherches de Climatologie [UMR Biogéosciences] (CRC), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agroclim (AGROCLIM), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and European Project: 776613,Fighting and adapting to climate change,H2020-EU.3.5.1,EUCP(2017)

Subjects
Global and Planetary Change, Phenological model, Ecology, Vitis vinifera L, Environmental Chemistry, Climate change, General circulation model, [SDV.EE.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Bioclimatology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Adaptation to climate change, General Environmental Science
Abstract

International audience; Evaluating the potential climatic suitability for premium wine production is crucial for adaptation planning in Europe. While new wine regions may emerge out of the traditional boundaries, most of the present-day renowned winemaking regions may be threatened by climate change. Here, we analyse the future evolution of the geography of wine production over Europe, through the definition of a novel climatic suitability indicator, which is calculated over the projected grapevine phenological phases to account for their possible contractions under global warming. Our approach consists in coupling six different de-biased downscaled climate projections under two different scenarios of global warming with four phenological models for different grapevine varieties. The resulting suitability indicator is based on fuzzy logic and is calculated over three main components measuring (i) the timing of the fruit physiological maturity, (ii) the risk of water stress and (iii) the risk of pests and diseases. The results demonstrate that the level of global warming largely determines the distribution of future wine regions. For a global temperature increase limited to 2°C above the pre-industrial level, the suitable areas over the traditional regions are reduced by about 4%/°C rise, while for higher levels of global warming, the rate of this loss increases up to 17%/°C. This is compensated by a gradual emergence of new wine regions out of the traditional boundaries. Moreover, we show that reallocating better-suited grapevine varieties to warmer conditions may be a viable adaptation measure to cope with the projected suitability loss over the traditional regions. However, the effectiveness of this strategy appears to decrease as the level of global warming increases. Overall, these findings suggest the existence of a safe limit below 2°C of global warming for the European winemaking sector, while adaptation might become far more challenging beyond this threshold.

Published
2022
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23. La filière Vigne et Vin face au changement climatique : enseignements d’un forum de prospective pour le Val de Loire

Author

Jean-Marc Touzard, Jacques Gautier, Nathalie Ollat, Iñaki García de Cortázar-Atauri, Hervé Hannin, Benjamin Bois, Eric Duchêne, Françoise Brugière, Roy Hammond, and Patrick Aigrain

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 01 natural sciences, 010606 plant biology & botany, General Environmental Science
Abstract

L’article rend compte du forum de prospective organise en 2019 par INRAE et InterLoire pour explorer les futurs possibles des vignobles du Val de Loire face au changement climatique. 90 acteurs de la filiere ont exprime leurs perceptions des consequences du changement climatique en 2050, opte pour un scenario d’adaptation et propose des leviers d’action pour qu’il se realise. Les positions et propositions sont analysees et comparees a celles des forums realises dans six autres regions viticoles, montrant les specificites du val de Loire, en particulier sur les liens avec les enjeux d’environnement.

Published
2020
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24. Meteorological considerations of grapevine damage due to temperature variations: the 2019 late spring frost and summer heat wave events in Burgundy

Author

Olivier Cantat, Benjamin Bois, François Beauvais, Olivier Planchon, Catinca Gavrilescu, Matthieu David, Centre de Recherches de Climatologie [UMR Biogéosciences] (CRC), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, European Geosciences Union (EGU), Planchon, Olivier, and Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, 2. Zero hunger, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Summer heat, [SHS.GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, 15. Life on land, Atmospheric sciences, 13. Climate action, Spring (hydrology), Frost, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

Meteorological considerations of grapevine damage due to temperature variations: the 2019 late spring frost and summer heat wave events in Burgundy During 2019, the occurrence of two contrasting weather events, a cold snap and a heat wave, caused extensive damage to the vineyards of Northern Burgundy. The late spring cold snap, that occurred from May 5th to 7th, generated frost like conditions across the northern and north-western areas of the Côte-d'Or department. The weather stations of the Northern Auxois area, where the three observation and study sites are located, recorded minimum temperatures ranging between -1 and -2°C. On the 24th and the 25th of July vineyards were exposed, yet again, to an extreme temperature variation. A brief but unusually intense heat wave increased daily maximum temperatures up to 42°C in the department’s far north. Landforms such as plateaus were less exposed to the increase in temperatures due the limiting effect of higher elevations. This led to temperatures not exceeding 40°C above 300 m, elevation at which the vineyard sites of this study are located.Weather conditions that caused the early May frost event were related to a northern circulation present over Western Europe that persisted from the 28th of April to the 6th of May. The strong anticyclonic ridge stretching from Greenland to the Iberian Peninsula directed an air mass of arctic origin towards France. On July 24th and 25th, the presence of a surface high pressure system above Scandinavia, associated with a low-pressure center located near the Atlantic Ocean, generated an influx of a very hot air mass from the northern part of the African continent through France and neighbouring countries.The local impact of these two weather events was modulated by the topographical features specific to the study area: a limestone plateau strongly dissected by parallel valleys of S.E. / N.W. orientations. The three observation sites have similar soil characteristics and are located on south facing slopes. However, damage to vegetation was uneven across sites as well as within each site. These observations rise up the question of the influence of very fine-scale environmental conditions and the impact they might have on the different vegetative growth stages. Lastly, the variation in physiological response among grapevines and its effect on their sensitivity to the occurrence of different weather hazards is also to be considered.

Published
2021

25. Situating the Self Through Sketching: First Year Doctoral Students Finding Their Way

Author

Kelvin Quintyne, Tayebeh Sohrabi, Abu Arif, Simon Adu-Boateng, Benjamin Boison, Cecile Badenhorst, and Beverly Fitzpatrick

Subjects
PhD students, visual representation, self-study, pedagogy, narrative writing, Education (General), L7-991
Abstract

As part of a two-semester advanced research methodology course, five PhD students completed three sketches—beginning, middle, and end of course—to represent how they were thinking and feeling about themselves as doctoral students as they progressed through their first year. They also wrote reflections to complement the sketches and shared their sketches in class. At the end of the course, the students co-led a study with their two instructors to examine their learnings and understandings gained from sketching. The students wrote individual narratives about their experiences and the instructors wrote narratives about how sketching was part of their pedagogical thinking. The analysis revealed seven student themes, including positive outcomes and challenges associated with sketching. One positive outcome was that students felt empowered as the sketches gave them the opportunity to reflect back on their progress, both cognitively and emotionally, over their first year of doctoral studies. Sketching itself was a challenge for some, but all felt that it was a powerful experience. Sketching provided the instructors with insights they might not have gotten through words alone, enhancing their sense of teaching and learning, and gave them valuable information to support the students.

Published
2024
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26. Optimization of a leaf wetness duration model

Author

Thierry Castel, Yves Richard, M. Rega, Benjamin Bois, Sébastien Zito, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin 'Jules Guyot' (IUVV Jules Guyot), and Université de Bourgogne (UB)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Atmospheric Science, Global and Planetary Change, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Humidity, Forestry, Disease potential infection, Time step, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Daily values, 13. Climate action, Empirical model, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Range (statistics), Environmental science, Relative humidity, Duration (project management), Agronomy and Crop Science, Intensity (heat transfer), Powdery mildew, Leaf wetness, 010606 plant biology & botany, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience; Characterization of LWD (Leaf Wetness Duration) is essential when simulating the spread of phytopathogenic fungi. No standard for leaf wetness measurement exists and a wide range of sensors and models are currently available for estimating LWD. While the vast majority of models use hourly climate data (temperature, relative humidity, etc.) this time step is not widely available in historical records. It is also seldom available in spatially disaggregated projected (21st century) climatic data. Our study aims to develop a new method for using temperature and humidity on a daily time step to simulate leaf wetness duration. The principle behind our model consists in reconstructing hourly temperature and relative humidity based on optimized equations with the bootstrap statistical method for the studied area. Then hourly simulated data are used to estimate the daily duration of leaf wetness. The sensitivity of this process to daily and hourly temperature and relative humidity is assessed. The impact of this model on simulations of potential infections of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) by powdery mildew, using a key equation within a mechanistic model that simulates the pathogen's (Erysiphe necator) primary contaminations was evaluated. Results show that the error in simulating LWD and its impact on the potential intensity of the primary contamination of powdery mildew with daily climate data is low. This study has enabled us to set up an optimized modelling chain, which could be readily reproduced in different regions provided existing observational datasets enable suitable parameterization.

Published
2020
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27. Late Frosts AND VITICULTURE IN THE LOWER AND MIDDLE LOIRE VALLEY (FRANCE).A geoclimatic approach to a major meteorological hazard for viticulture

Author

Sophie Brunel-Muguet, Olivier Planchon, François Beauvais, Hervé Quénol, Edwige Savouret, Benjamin Bois, Olivier Cantat, Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique (LETG - Caen), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 (LETG), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique (LETG - Rennes), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin 'Jules Guyot' (IUVV Jules Guyot), Université de Bourgogne (UB), Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et Nutritions (EVA), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Parey, Blandine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Centre de Recherches de Climatologie [UMR Biogéosciences] (CRC), and Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SHS.GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, types de temps, weather types, General Medicine, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, viticulture, 01 natural sciences, atmospheric circulation patterns, [SHS.ENVIR] Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, Loire Valley, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, types de circulation atmosphérique, vallée de la Loire, France, wineyards, topoclimatologie, topoclimatology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 010606 plant biology & botany, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Night-time clear and calm weather conditions cause a highly contrasting fine-scale spatial temperature distribution, locally depending on topographic features, type of soil and land cover. The combination of meteorological and geographical features with plant phenology points out the strong sensitivity of spring phenology to the occurrence of late frosts. Spring frosts can have serious impacts on plant growth and can penalize economic sectors depending on fruit and wine production. Therefore, spring is the most monitored season. Strong frosts occurred in France in late April 2016, causing local and long-lasting (several consecutive hours) temperature records below -5°C in some lowland places. The same features occurred in spring 2017 and 2019. The study of the combined meteorological and topoclimatic features causing the spring frosts of 2016 in France was carried out in the lower and middle Loire Valley. This part of the Loire valley is one of the studied wine regions of the European project LIFE-ADVICLIM (ADaptation of VIticulture to CLIMate change: High resolution observations of adaptation scenarii). In this study, the following points are developed: the climate conditions in the geographical context of the lower and middle Loire Basin; the synoptic scale meteorology associated with late frosts and the peculiarity of spring frost compared to winter frost. The cold event of 27 April 2016 between Nantes and Orléans is analysed using a methodology that takes into account geography at fine scales. A comparative study is carried out between two nearby weather stations, representative of different local-scale geographical contexts: Romorantin, located on a valley floor with a sandy soil, and Lye, located on an open hilltop. The results show how the nested space-time scales must be taken into account to explain the contrasting temperature distribution: the synoptic scale allows frost risk triggering, while at local scale their effective impacts on the studied site to be highlighted, in terms of intensity and duration of the frost event., Dès que la situation météorologique est propice à l’établissement d’un temps clair et calme, des contrastes thermiques importants apparaissent de nuit au gré de facteurs locaux comme la topographie et la nature des sols. Si l’on croise ces composantes atmosphériques et géographiques avec la phénologie de la vigne, le printemps s’avère être une période particulièrement surveillée en raison de l’occurrence possible de gelées pouvant hypothéquer le développement du végétal et, par conséquent, pénaliser la production de raisins impactant les filières maraîchères et viticoles. Ce fut notamment le cas en France et dans certains pays voisins fin avril 2016, avec localement des gelées sous abri fortes (inférieures à -5°C) et durables (plusieurs heures consécutives). Le phénomène s’est également produit en 2017 et 2019. Pour illustrer les combinaisons de situations météorologiques et de phénomènes topoclimatiques à risques gélifs chez la vigne, l’étude de cas porte sur la basse et moyenne vallée de la Loire, région viticole française objet du programme européen LIFE-ADVICLIM (ADaptation of VIticulture to CLIMate change : High resolution observations of adaptation scenarii). Après avoir présenté le cadre climatique général du secteur d’étude, le contexte météorologique d’échelle synoptique et la particularité des gelées tardives par rapport à celles de pleine saison hivernale, l’article analyse la géographie à échelle fine de l’événement gélif du 27 avril 2016 entre Nantes et Orléans. Un zoom sur deux stations voisines représentatives de contextes géographiques différents (Romorantin à la topographie en creux sur sol sableux et Lye sur une colline dégagée) permet ensuite de montrer comment les jeux d’échelles spatio-temporelles mènent à une répartition thermique tout en contrastes, entre l’échelle synoptique (pour définir un potentiel de gelée tardive) et locale (pour en voir l’expression effective sur le terrain, en intensité comme en durée).

Published
2020

28. The french vineyard in the face of climate change: Developing an adaptation strategy based on prospective scenarios

Author

Hervé Hannin, Jean-Marc Touzard, Patrick Aigrain, Benjamin Bois, Françoise Brugière, Eric Duchêne, Iñaki Garcia de Cortazar-Atauri, Jacques Gautier, Eric Giraud Héraud, Roy Hammond, Nathalie Ollat, Marchés, Organisations, Institutions et Stratégies d'Acteurs (UMR MOISA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Innovation et Développement dans l'Agriculture et l'Alimentation (UMR Innovation), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), FranceAgriMer, Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin 'Jules Guyot' (IUVV Jules Guyot), Université de Bourgogne (UB), Santé de la vigne et qualité du vin (SVQV), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Agroclim (AGROCLIM), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut National des Appellations d'Origine (INAO), Groupe de Recherche en Economie Théorique et Appliquée (GREThA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Foued Cheriet, Carole Maurel, Paul Amadieu, Hervé Hannin, SCHLEICH, Jean-Walter, Foued Cheriet, Carole Maurel, Paul Amadieu, Hervé Hannin, Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Participatory approach, vineyard, viticulture, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Prospective, climate change, [SHS.ENVIR] Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, [SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences, France, wine, [SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2020

29. Le vignoble français face au changement climatique : élaboration d'une stratégie d'adaptation à partir de scénarios de prospective

Author

Hervé Hannin, Jean-Marc Touzard, Patrick Aigrain, Benjamin Bois, Françoise Brugière, Eric Duchene, Iñaki Garcia de Cortazar-Atauri, Jacques Gautier, Eric Giraud-Heraud, Hammond, R., Nathalie Ollat, CHERIET, F., MAUREL, C., AMADIEU, P., HANNIN, Hervé, Marchés, Organisations, Institutions et Stratégies d'Acteurs (UMR MOISA), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM), Groupe de Recherche en Economie Théorique et Appliquée (GREThA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2020

30. J. Sci. Food Agric

Author

Benjamin Bois, Cornelis van Leeuwen, Olivier Mathieu, Luca Brillante, Jean Lévêque, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California-University of California, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (EGFV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin 'Jules Guyot' (IUVV Jules Guyot), Université de Bourgogne (UB), Work funded by the Conseil Régional de Bourgogne and the Bureau Interprofessionnel des Vins de Bourgogne (BIVB)., Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University of California Davis, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne ( EGFV ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bordeaux ( UB ) -Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine ( Bordeaux Sciences Agro ), Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin 'Jules Guyot' ( IUVV Jules Guyot ), and Université de Bourgogne ( UB )

Subjects
[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, 0106 biological sciences, Propriété du sol, Leaf water, Disponibilité hydrique, 01 natural sciences, water stress, Discrimination isotopique du carbone, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, Botany, Bourgogne, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Vigne, Soil properties, Slop, [ SDV.SA ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Terroir, 2. Zero hunger, Viticulture, Nutrition and Dietetics, terroir, [ SDV.IDA ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, Ripening, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, [ SDU.STU.GC ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, carbon isotopic discrimination, Horticulture, Vitis vinifera, Precision viticulture, Soil water, slope, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Composition (visual arts), Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany, Food Science, Biotechnology
Abstract

Background: The measurement of carbon isotopic discrimination in grape sugars at harvest (δ13 C) is an integrated assessment of water status during ripening. It is an efficient alternative to assess variability in the field and discriminate between management zones in precision viticulture, but further work is needed to completely understand the signal.; Results: This work, spanning over 3 years, performed in a hillslope toposequence in Burgundy, delineates the relationships between main soil properties (gravel amount, slope, texture) and the grapevine water status assessed by δ13 C. The highest δ13 C, indicating most severe water deficit, was recorded in gravelly soils on steep slopes. The amount of sugars and malic and tartaric acids was also related to δ13 C. The relationship between δ13 C and predawn leaf water potentials (Ψpd ) was also investigated, because the absolute values of measured δ13 C were lower than the values currently found in the literature.; Conclusions: A mini-meta-analysis was performed, which showed that the slope of the relationships between minimum Ψpd and δ13 C was stable across studies (a change of 1‰ in δ13 C corresponded to a change of -0.2 MPa in the minimum Ψpd ), while the intercept of the comparison δ13 C/Ψpd changed, probably because of genetic variations between varieties, or environmental differences. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.; © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.

Published
2017
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32. Are life-history traits equally affected by global warming? A case study combining a multi-trait approach with fine-grain climate modeling

Author

Karolina Pecharová, Denis Thiéry, Philippe Louâpre, Benjamin Bois, Jérôme Moreau, Sébastien Zito, Corentin Iltis, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Santé et agroécologie du vignoble (UMR SAVE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Work supported by the Conseil Régional de Bourgogne Franche-Comté (PARI, FABER LOUAPRE-AGREE-BGS and VALEACLIMBOIS)., European Project: PO FEDER-FSE Bourgogne 2014/2020, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, and Santé et agroécologie du vignoble (SAVE)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Male, Physiology, Range (biology), European grapevine moth, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Population, Climate change, Biology, Moths, 01 natural sciences, Global Warming, Models, Biological, Defensive behaviors, Climate models, Life history theory, 03 medical and health sciences, Animals, Sex Ratio, education, Life History Traits, Trophic level, education.field_of_study, Ecology, Global warming, Immunity, Pupa, 010602 entomology, 030104 developmental biology, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, 13. Climate action, Insect Science, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Climate model, Female, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Energetic reserves
Abstract

10 pages; International audience; Predicting species responses to climate change requires tracking the variation in individual performance following exposure to warming conditions. One ecologically relevant approach consists of examining the thermal responses of a large number of traits, both related with population dynamics and trophic interactions (i.e. a multi-trait approach). Based on in situ climatic data and projections from climate models, we here designed two daily fluctuating thermal regimes realistically reflecting current and future conditions in Eastern France. These models detected an increase in mean temperature and in the range of daily thermal fluctuations as two local facets of global warming likely to occur in our study area by the end of this century. We then examined the responses of several fitness-related traits in caterpillars of the moth Lobesia botrana - including development, pupal mass, survival rates, energetic reserves, behavioral and immune traits expressed against parasitoids - to this experimental imitation of global warming. Increasing temperatures positively affected development (leading to a 31% reduction in the time needed to complete larval stage), survival rates (+19%), and movement speed as a surrogate for larval escape ability to natural enemies (+60%). Conversely, warming elicited detrimental effects on lipid reserves (-26%) and immunity (total phenoloxidase activity: -34%). These findings confirm that traits should differ in their sensitivity to global warming, underlying complex consequences for population dynamics and trophic interactions. Our study strengthens the importance of combining a multi-trait approach with the use of realistic fluctuating regimes to forecast the consequences of global warming for individuals, species and species assemblages.

Published
2019
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34. The effect of climate on Burgundy vintage quality rankings

Author

Ruth A. Dimon, Benjamin Bois, Robert E. Davis, Gregory V. Jones, and Laffont, Rémi

Subjects
Vintage, Wine, [SDV.SA.AGRO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, Phenology, Diurnal temperature variation, lcsh:S, Climate change, Growing season, consensus ranking, Horticulture, lcsh:QK1-989, lcsh:Agriculture, vintage rating, Annual growth cycle of grapevines, [SDU.STU.CL] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, lcsh:Botany, Environmental science, Physical geography, Viticulture, Burgundy, climate, vintage quality, Food Science
Abstract

Aim: Based on consensus rankings from prominent rating authorities, we examined the importance of a suite of climatic variables, organized by winegrape phenological stage, in distinguishing between high- and low-ranked vintages in Burgundy.Methods and Results: Vintage ratings of Burgundy wines acquired from 12 sources were evaluated to develop consensus rankings for red and white wines from 1961–2015. Climate variables (air temperature, precipitation, degree-day accumulations, etc.) were organized by mean phenological stage and compared between good and poor vintages using Mann-Whitney U tests and multivariate stepwise discriminant function analysis. High temperatures, particularly during the growing season, were found to be the most consistently important climatic factor in distinguishing good-quality vintages from poor-quality vintages. The best red vintages had a greater diurnal temperature range during the growing season, whereas the top white vintages were not distinguished by unusually warm conditions, but the bottom-ranked white vintages were particularly cool and wet. The impact of rainfall varied across the growing season, with top-ranked Burgundy wines benefitting from rainfall during the bud break period and dry conditions during the ripening phase.Conclusions: The most important climatic factor in distinguishing between top- and bottom-ranked vintages is growing season temperature, especially high diurnal temperature range (for reds) and high average maximum temperatures (for whites). Good Burgundy vintages are more likely when there is ample rainfall during the bud break period in April and dry conditions during the véraison and ripening phases.Significance and Impact of the Study: As viticulturalists adapt to regional climate trends, a better understanding of how specific climate variables affect wine quality becomes increasingly important in viticulture management.

Published
2019

35. La diversité des vignobles français face au changement climatique : simulations climatiques et prospective participative

Author

Nathalie Ollat, Sébastien Zito, Yves Richard, Patrick Aigrain, Françoise Brugière, Eric Duchêne, Iñaki Garcia De Cortazar-Atauri, Jacques Gautier, Eric Giraud-Héraud, Hervé Hannin, Jean-Marc Touzard, and Benjamin Bois

Subjects
General Medicine
Abstract

Etant donné les spécificités locales de la viti-viniculture française, en partie liées aux conditions climatiques, le changement climatique est un défi majeur que les acteurs de cette filière doivent relever régionalement. Pour explorer les stratégies d’adaptation à cette échelle, l’article combine deux approches : i) une description et simulation climatique régionalisée et ii) une prospective participative avec les acteurs de ces vignobles. L’étude climatique décrit les évolutions, entre le passé récent, la période actuelle et le milieu du XXIe siècle, de cinq indicateurs climatiques (Indice de Huglin, nombre de jours où la température maximale est supérieure à 35°C, cumuls des précipitations d’avril à septembre et d’avril à juillet, nombre de jours de précipitations supérieures à 1 mm entre avril à juillet), régionalisés à l’échelle 8 x 8 km dans neuf régions viticoles, à partir de 22 modèles GCM issus de l’exercice CMIP5. Dans ce contexte, les réactions de 500 acteurs sont présentées face à quatre scénarios d’adaptation de la filière d’ici 2050 (conservateur, innovant, nomade, libéral). Leurs perceptions et positionnements stratégiques ainsi que leurs propositions d’action ont été recueillis lors de forums participatifs organisés dans sept régions viticoles englobant les neuf espaces climatiques. Les évolutions climatiques sont marquées par une augmentation des températures et du nombre de jours très chauds, plus intense dans le quart nord-est sur la période historique, et dans le quart sud-est, y compris le Beaujolais, d’ici 2046-2065. L’analyse du positionnement des acteurs révèle la volonté de conserver le modèle socio-économique actuel, avec des spécificités régionales liées en partie à l’intensité des évolutions climatiques. Dans les sept régions, les acteurs sont majoritairement en faveur de l’intégration encadrée d’innovations, tout en étant conscients des risques économiques et de perte de références. Les propositions d’actions présentent des orientations communes, notamment sur l’enjeu de développer la R&D, et des spécificités associées aux évolutions climatiques, mais aussi à la structure du vignoble et à la gouvernance de sa filière.

Published
2021
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36. Using foresight exercise to design adaptation policy to climate change: The case of the French wine industry

Author

Hervé Hannin, Nathalie Ollat, Eric Duchêne, Françoise Brugière, Roy Hammond, I. G. de Cortazar-Atauri, Benjamin Bois, Jacques Gautier, Jean-Marc Touzard, Patrick Aigrain, Eric Giraud-Heraud, FranceAgriMer, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Santé de la vigne et qualité du vin (SVQV), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Agroclim (AGROCLIM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National des Appellations d'Origine (INAO), Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Innovation et Développement dans l'Agriculture et l'Alimentation (UMR Innovation), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Marchés, Organisations, Institutions et Stratégies d'Acteurs (UMR MOISA), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Aurand JM, Université de Bourgogne (UB), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Unité de Recherche Oenologie [Villenave d'Ornon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Environmental Engineering, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, lcsh:QR1-502, [SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, Climate change, adaptation, filière vitivinicole, 01 natural sciences, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, lcsh:Microbiology, lcsh:Physiology, 0404 agricultural biotechnology, stratégie d'adaptation, lcsh:Zoology, lcsh:QL1-991, Adaptation (computer science), Milieux et Changements globaux, sud de la france, 2. Zero hunger, lcsh:QP1-981, Welfare economics, étude prospective, gestion de l'irrigation, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, viticulture, 040401 food science, Futures studies, 13. Climate action, Order (business), [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, adaptation au changement climatique, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Foresight studies are regularly conducted at sectoral or geographical scales, in order to help policy makers and economic actors to define their strategy of adaptation to climate change (CC). Some studies are rather “quick exercises”, in which a panel of experts is consulted to define the expected impacts of CC and to identify adaptation leviers for future policy. In other cases, a true foresight methodology is developed, leading to the building of scenarios based on : i) a systemic and participatory approach, ii) the definition of key variables, iii) the choice of assumptions and the coherent relations between these assumptions, the narrative description of scenarios. This participatory dimension of the approach may be relevant to better integrate the climate change challenge into future strategies chosen by decision makers. Such an exercise was conducted in the framework of the multidisciplinary INRA / LACCAVE research project (2013–2017) to consider the CC adaptation strategy that could be implemented in the French wine industry by 2050. This communication presents the outcomes and insights opened up by this prospective exercise, based on a new approach derived from the scenarios method, following two main steps : 1) The first step consists of a “classical”, topdown, expert-led prospective approach, including the selection of four possible adaptation scenarios ; it was presented at the OIV Congress in Bento Gonc¸alves in 2016. 2) The second step is based on a bottom-up participatory approach with regional and national stakeholders during six regional meetings. Each meeting brought together 60 to 100 actors invited to interact on four scenarios and on solutions that could be developed : the “Conservative scenario” driven by incremental changes ; the “Innovative scenario” driven by the development of a wide range of technical innovations ; the “Nomad scenario” focusing on the relocation of vineyards ; the “Liberal scenario” where “everything would be possible anywhere”. A national working group has been set up by INAO1 and FranceAgriMer2, inviting the main national wine organizations to analyze the information collected during the regional meetings. This working group aims at making proposals to design the future climate strategy of the sector, taking into account the inter-regional diversity of situations. The participants expressed common positions (perception of limited resilience of the wine industry, increasing need for innovation, opposition to the relocation of vineyards...), but regional specificities were also noted (for example : development of irrigation in the south of France or calls for new research on pest control in other French regions). The large majority of stakeholders wanted to favor the pathway to the innovative scenario, with several regional variations. This foresight exercise generated a greater stakeholder awareness of the CC issue, leading to the implementation of collective actions at different scales. Its findings will provide significant support to the wine industry in developing a national climate strategy, taking into account regional specificities.

Published
2018
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37. Climate zoning of the Burgundy winegrowing region

Author

Benjamin Bois, Daniel Joly, Yves Richard, and Catinca Gavrilescu

Subjects
Vintage, lcsh:GE1-350, Vine, Geography, Phenology, Global warming, Frost, Climate change, Physical geography, Viticulture, lcsh:Environmental sciences, Terroir
Abstract

As one of the most emblematic wine regions of cool climate terroir viticulture, Burgundy is endowed with a set of very specific natural features suitable to the production of high quality wines, where climate is arguably one of the main factors to profoundly influence vine physiology/phenology and grape composition. These environmental nuances have led to a wide variety of styles in Pinot noir and Chardonnay wines that have been largely acknowledged and appreciated by the international market and vitivinicultural industry. However, individual grape varieties optimum quality is known to be closely related to well-defined climate and geographical ranges. Climate change and global warming latest trends make them more susceptible to undergo modifications in terms of berry ripening processes and advancements in harvest dates due to short-term and long-term spatiotemporal fluctuations in climate variability. The impact of air temperature on grapevine development and harvest outcomes has been widely documented by the scientific community, its influence translating as quality and quantity fluctuations in space (“terroir” effect) and time (“vintage” effect). Through this study we aim to assess the extent of these threats by means of modelling and spatializing the regional climate variations based on 5 agricultural climatic indices: the number of days with temperatures equal or greater than 35°C (heat stress), the number of days indicating a frost risk (equal or greater than -1°C), the mid-flowering, the mid-véraison and the theoretical grape maturity (200g/l of sugar) occurrence dates. Mid-flowering, mid-véraison as well as the theoretical grape maturity were estimated through the summation of temperatures over 10°C (starting 1st of March) based on the GFV (Grapevine Flowering Véraison) linear phenological model and were calculated for the 2 prime varieties cultivated in Burgundy (Chardonnay and Pinot noir). Daily minimum and maximum temperatures issued from a network of 64 weather stations scattered throughout the main 9 wine production subregions of Burgundy were spatially interpolated on a grid with a 75m resolution over a 41751ha area (74556 pixels). Spatial interpolations were performed at a daily time step integrating various topographical features through a regression-kriging model for the 2011-2015 period. Daily grid minimum and maximum temperatures were further used to calculate the 5 agroclimatic indices for each of the years of the study period. The entirety of the 74556 pixels were later classified at regular intervals in 6 groups which were assigned to each of the three phenological stages: “very early”, “early”, “intermediate”, “late”, “very late” and “variable”. The number of heat stress days as well as those presenting a frost risk were equally classified based on their occurrence as “very rare”, “rare”, “intermediate”, “frequent” and “very frequent”. The annual spatial structure of the individual classes was very similar due to temperature distribution being strongly governed by terrain features. We were able to identify observable differences between the north and the south subregions of Burgundy with a potential variation ranging from 7 to 15 days in terms of phenological and theoretical maturity occurrence dates. Côte de Nuits and Côte de Beaune vineyards indicate similar climate characteristics with early phenological timing (97% and 82% respectively of the area classified as “early”) and little frost and heat risks. The number of days with a frost risk is a lot more elevated in the Côte Châtillonnaise and the Chablis subregions, while the number of heat stress days was larger in the subregions located in the south of Burgundy.

Published
2018

38. La filière vigne et vin face au changement climatique à l’horizon 2050 : réflexion prospective et stratégique avec les acteurs de la vigne et du vin, résultats des six forums régionaux

Author

Nathalie Ollat, Jean-Marc Touzard, Eric Duchêne, Iñaki Garcia de Cortazar-Atauri, Eric Giraud-Heraud, Françoise Brugière, Patrick Aigrain, Benjamin Bois, Jacques Gautier, Hervé Hannin, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de Recherche Oenologie [Villenave d'Ornon], Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Marchés, Organisations, Institutions et Stratégies d'Acteurs (UMR MOISA), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), and INRA

Subjects
Prospective, Changement Climatique, Vin, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Vigne, Adaptation, changement climatique, prospective, vigne, vin, adaptation
Published
2018

39. Temperature-based zoning of the Bordeaux wine region

Author

Cornelis van Leeuwen, Etienne Saur, Benjamin Bois, Philippe Pieri, Jean-Pierre Gaudillère, Hervé Quénol, Daniel Joly, Dominique Guyon, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin 'Jules Guyot' (IUVV Jules Guyot), Université de Bourgogne (UB), Théoriser et modéliser pour aménager (UMR 6049) (ThéMA), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique (LETG - Rennes), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 (LETG), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin [Villenave d'Ornon] (ISVV), Université de Bordeaux (UB), Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE - UR1263), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France (Agreenium), Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (EGFV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Conseil Interprofessionnel du Vin de Bordeaux., Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE), Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique (LETG - Nantes), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement (IGARUN), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), IAVFF AGREENIUM VERSAILLES FRA, Partenaires IRSTEA, and Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)

Subjects
Bordeaux wine, Bordeaux wine region, viticultural zoning, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, Terrain, Horticulture, 01 natural sciences, Cross-validation, 040501 horticulture, Weather station, lcsh:Agriculture, grapevine phenology, regression kriging, lcsh:Botany, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Phenology, lcsh:S, temperature, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, lcsh:QK1-989, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Climatology, Environmental science, Spatial variability, 0405 other agricultural sciences, Zoning, Food Science, Interpolation
Abstract

16 pages; International audience; Temperature is a driving climate variable for grapevine development and grape ripening kinetics. The current study first reports interpolation of daily minimum and maximum temperature data by a weather station network from 2001 to 2005 in the Bordeaux (France) region by means of regression kriging using terrain, satellite and land-cover derived covariates. Second it analyses the interpolation procedure errors in agroclimatic indices by means of cross validation and then it compares the field observations of grapevine phenology to temperature-based predicted phenology applied to interpolated data. Finally it proposes a simple method to perform a zoning of Bordeaux vineyards based upon the spatialized prediction of the day on which grape sugar content reaches 200 g.L-1. The zoning performed shows large potential differences in grape maturity date (up to 20 days) induced by temperature spatial variability in a low relief area.

Published
2018
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40. Update in unified terroir zoning methodologies

Author

Benjamin Bois, Cornelis van Leeuwen, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), and Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, lcsh:GE1-350, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, business.industry, Computer science, Scale (chemistry), media_common.quotation_subject, Geomatics, Environmental resource management, 15. Life on land, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, law, CLARITY, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Production (economics), Quality (business), Product (category theory), business, Zoning, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 010606 plant biology & botany, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Terroir, media_common
Abstract

International audience; The concept of terroir is based on the assumption that the quality and the typicity of an agricultural product are linked to its origin. The precise definition of an origin requires zoning. Because terroir expression in viticulture is largely driven by interactions between the vine and its natural environment, soil and climate play a key role in terroir zoning. For clarity, soil-based and climate-based zoning are presented separately in this paper. They are, however, ideally carried out simultaneously, because of the existence of multiple interactions between these terroir factors. Prior to the implementation of zoning, the objectives need to be carefully defined. The appropriate scale at which the zoning is implemented depends on the objective and the available budget. The use of geomatics enables the production of maps at reduced cost and, possibly, increased accuracy. This paper is update of the unified zoning methodology which was adopted by the OIV in 2012 (OIV-VITI 423-2012).

Published
2018
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41. MOOC : 'Open Wine University 2'

Author

Marielle Adrian, Sandrine Rousseaux, Herve Alexandre, Jordi Ballester, Benjamin Bois, Jean-Jacques Boutaud, Claude Chapuis, Christian Coelho, Pierre-Yves Collin, Jean-Pierre Garcia, Regis Gougeon, Michèle Guilloux-Benatier, Olivier Jacquet, Thomas Karbowiak, Olivier Mathieu, Maria Nikolantonaki, Amélie Quiquerez, Florent Shepens, Mathieu Thevenot, Raphaelle Tourdot-Marechal, Sophie TROUVELOT, and EL Mjiyad, Noureddine

Subjects
[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], vins, Mooc, vigne
Abstract

Plan du cours Semaine 1 : Introduction Entre sol et climat Micro-organismes du vin Premiers pas en dégustation + support sur la vinification des vins blancs et des vins rouges Semaine 2 : Le vin en danger ? Climat et viticulture Principales maladies et ravageurs de la vigne Economie mondiale du vin après la crise du phylloxéra Semaine 3 : Façonner le vin Géologie et sols des terroirs bourguignons Vin et diversité microbienne Marchés du vin Semaine 4 : Maîtriser son terroir Construction du terroir de la vigne Vinification des vins spéciaux : l'exemple de la production de vins jaunes du Jura Défauts du vin Semaine 5 : Mettre le vin à table Mise en bouteille du vin Vieillissement du vin Le vin, territoire de communication

Published
2018

42. Lessons from a Prospective on the French Wine Industry Under Climate Change (2050)

Author

Jean-Marc Touzard, Patrick Aigrain, Benjamin Bois, Eric Duchêne, Iñaki Garcia de Cortazar-Atauri, Eric Giraud-Heraud, Jacques Gautier, Hervé Hannin, Nathalie Ollat, Innovation et Développement dans l'Agriculture et l'Alimentation (UMR Innovation), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), France Agrimer, Université de Bourgogne (UB), Santé de la vigne et qualité du vin (SVQV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Agroclim (AGROCLIM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité de Recherche Oenologie [Villenave d'Ornon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Institut National des Appellations d'Origine (INAO), Marchés, Organisations, Institutions et Stratégies d'Acteurs, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), IHEV Institut des hautes études de la vigne et du vin, Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Projet LACCAVE Long term impacts and Adaptations to Climate Change in Viticulture and Enology, Nouveau partenariat pour le développement de l'Afrique (NEPAD). Midrand, ZAF., Unité de Recherche Oenologie [Villenave d'Ornon] (OENO), and Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)

Subjects
climate change, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, adaptation, prospective, wine, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, scenario, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract

International audience

Published
2017

43. Water status and must composition in grapevine cv. Chardonnay with different soils and topography and a mini meta-analysis of the δ

Author

Luca, Brillante, Olivier, Mathieu, Jean, Lévêque, Cornelis, van Leeuwen, and Benjamin, Bois

Subjects
Plant Leaves, Carbon Isotopes, Soil, Food Handling, Fruit, Carbohydrate Metabolism, Water, Vitis, Wine
Abstract

The measurement of carbon isotopic discrimination in grape sugars at harvest (δThis work, spanning over 3 years, performed in a hillslope toposequence in Burgundy, delineates the relationships between main soil properties (gravel amount, slope, texture) and the grapevine water status assessed by δA mini-meta-analysis was performed, which showed that the slope of the relationships between minimum Ψ

Published
2017

44. From scenarios to pathways: lessons from a foresight study on the French wine industry under climate change

Author

Patrick Aigrain, Benjamin Bois, Françoise Brugière, Eric Duchene, Iñaki Garcia de Cortazar-Atauri, Jacques Gautier, Eric Giraud-Heraud, Hervé Hannin, Nathalie Ollat, Jean-Marc Touzard, OLLAT, Nathalie, GARCIA DE CORTAZAR-ATAURI, Iñaki, TOUZARD, Jean-Marc, Groupe de Recherche en Economie Théorique et Appliquée (GREThA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Marchés, Organisations, Institutions et Stratégies d'Acteurs (UMR MOISA), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2017

45. Corrigendum to 'Mesoscale and Local Scale Evaluations of Quantitative Precipitation Estimates by Weather Radar Products during a Heavy Rainfall Event'

Author

Denis Thevenin, Basile Pauthier, Thierry Castel, Carmela Chateau Smith, Benjamin Bois, and Yves Richard

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, Quantitative precipitation estimation, Meteorology, Local scale, Mesoscale meteorology, lcsh:QC851-999, Pollution, law.invention, Geophysics, Geography, law, Climatology, Weather radar, lcsh:Meteorology. Climatology, Precipitation, Event (probability theory)
Published
2017

46. Which climatic modeling to assess climate change impacts on vineyards?

Author

Andrew Sturman, Benjamin Bois, Renan Le Roux, Valérie Bonnardot, Hervé Quénol, Inaki Garcia de Cortazar Atauri, Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique ( LETG - Rennes ), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique ( LETG ), Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Université d'Angers ( UA ) -Université de Nantes ( UN ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Université de Rennes 2 ( UR2 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), UE Agroclim ( UE AGROCLIM ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin « Jules Guyot », Université de Bourgogne ( UB ), Centre for Atmospheric Research, Nova Gorica Polytechnic, Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique (LETG - Rennes), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 (LETG), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UE Agroclim (UE AGROCLIM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Bourgogne (UB), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Agroclim (AGROCLIM), Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin 'Jules Guyot' (IUVV Jules Guyot), Centre de Recherches de Climatologie [UMR Biogéosciences] ( CRC ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin 'Jules Guyot' ( IUVV Jules Guyot ), Centre for Atmospheric Research, University of Canterbury, and University of Canterbury [Christchurch]

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010501 environmental sciences, yeast, brewer s, 01 natural sciences, [ SHS.GEO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, lcsh:Botany, climate change, modelling, uncertainties, bioclimatic index, viticulture, saccharomyces cerevisiae, Milieux et Changements globaux, fermentation, changement climatique, Phenology, Environmental resource management, phénologie, lcsh:QK1-989, [ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, botrytis cinerea, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Climate change, Horticulture, phenology, lcsh:Agriculture, vitis vinifera, modèle climatique, global change, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Wine, business.industry, lcsh:S, Global change, Future climate, 15. Life on land, grapevine, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Climate model, Viticulture, expérimentation au vignoble, business, Scale (map), vigne, 010606 plant biology & botany, Food Science
Abstract

International audience; The impact of climatic change on viticulture is significant: main phenological stages appear earlier, wine characteristics are changing,... This clearly illustrates the point that the adaptation of viticulture to climate change is crucial and should be based on simulations of future climate. Several types of models exist and are used to represent viticultural climates at various scales. In this paper, we propose a review of different types of climate models (methodology and uncertainties) and then few examples of its application at the scale of wine growing regions worldwide.

Published
2017
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47. Electrical imaging of soil water availability to grapevine: a benchmark experiment of several machine-learning techniques

Author

Olivier Mathieu, Luca Brillante, Jean Lévêque, Benjamin Bois, Viticulture Research Center, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics ( CREA ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin 'Jules Guyot' ( IUVV Jules Guyot ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ), Work funded by the Conseil Régional de Bourgogne and the Bureau Interprofessionnel des Vins de Bourgogne (BIVB)., Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria (CREA), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin 'Jules Guyot' (IUVV Jules Guyot), and Université de Bourgogne (UB)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Soil test, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], [ SDV.SA.SDS ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, Soil science, Time domain reflectometry (TDR), [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 01 natural sciences, Vineyard, [ SDU.STU.GP ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Pedotransfer function, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), Machine learning, Plant available soil water, Electrical resistivity tomography, Transect, 2. Zero hunger, Hydrology, Soil–water mapping, Pedotransfer functions, Multivariate adaptive regression splines, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, 6. Clean water, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

22 pages; International audience; Electrical resistivity (ER) can be used to assess soil water in the field. This study investigated the possibility of extending the use of ER to measure plant available soil water variables, i.e. available soil water (ASW), total transpirable SW (TTSW), and fraction of transpirable SW (FTSW) using a pedotransfer approach. In a vineyard, 224 electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) transects and 672 time domain reflectometry (TDR) soil water profiles were acquired over 2 years. Soil physical–chemical properties were measured on 73 soil samples from eight different sites. To estimate the amount of soil water available to plants, grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) water status was monitored by means of leaf water potentials. A benchmark experiment was carried out to compare four machine-learning techniques: multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), k-nearest neighbours (KNN), random forest (RF), and gradient boosting machine (GBM). Model interpretation led to a deeper understanding of the relationships between electrical resistivity and soil properties when predicting soil water availability for the plant. The models assessed had good predictive performance and were therefore used to map ASW, TTSW and FTSW in the vineyard. ER coupled to machine-learning algorithms was shown to be a good proxy for quantification and visualisation of plant available soil water with low disturbance.

Published
2016
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48. Classification of varieties for their timing of flowering and veraison using a modelling approach: A case study for the grapevine species Vitis vinifera L

Author

Cornelis van Leeuwen, Iñaki García de Cortázar-Atauri, Olivier Jacquet, Thierry Dufourcq, Marion Claverie, Begoña Rodriquez Lovelle, Amber Parker, Thierry Lacombe, Jean-Laurent Spring, Michael C. T. Trought, Emmanuel Rouchaud, Paolo Storchi, William Trambouze, Laurent Panigai, Christophe Schneider, Hernán Ojeda, Rainer W. Hofmann, Jean-Michel Boursiquot, Laurence Gény, Benjamin Bois, Gérard Barbeau, Diego Tomasi, Isabelle Chuine, Jean-Yves Cahurel, Jean-Christophe Payan, Christine Monamy, Guy Guimberteau, Marlborough Wine Research Centre, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (EGFV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Lincoln University, UE Agroclim (UE AGROCLIM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Vigne et Vin (UVV), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Diversité et adaptation des plantes cultivées (UMR DIAPC), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), Domaine expérimental de Vassal (MONTP DOM VASSAL), Pôle Bourgogne - Beaujolais - Jura - Savoie, Institut Français de la Vigne et du Vin (IFV), Pôle Rhône-Méditerranée, Institut Français de la Vigne et du Vin (IFV)-AREDVI, Institut Français de la Vigne et du Vin, Pôle Sud-Ouest (IFV Sud Ouest), USC Œnologie, Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Chambre d'agriculture de Vaucluse, Centre Georges Chevrier. Savoirs : Normes & Sensibilités (FRE3499) (CGC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Bureau Interprofessionnel des Vins de Bourgogne (BIVB), Unité d'oenologie de Pech-Rouge (MONTP PECH ROUG UE), Comité Interprofessionnel du Vin de Champagne (CIVC), Institut Rhodanien, Syndicat Général des Vignerons des Côtes du Rhône, Chambre d'Agriculture de l'Aude, Santé de la vigne et qualité du vin (SVQV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Centre de recherche Pully, Station de recherche Agroscope Changins-Wädenswil ACW, Unità di ricerca per la Viticoltura, Consiglio per la Ricerca e Sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Centro di Ricerca per la Viticoltura, Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Antenne de Pézenas, Chambre d'agriculture de l'Hérault, Financial support from the Agri-cultural and Marketing Research and Development Trust, NewZealand., Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne ( EGFV ), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine ( Bordeaux Sciences Agro ) -Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Université de Bordeaux ( UB ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), UE Agroclim ( UE AGROCLIM ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive ( CEFE ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Sud] ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 ( UM3 ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Vigne et Vin ( UVV ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Diversité et adaptation des plantes cultivées ( DIAPC ), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques ( UM2 ), Domaine expérimental de Vassal ( MONTP DOM VASSAL ), Institut Français de la Vigne et du Vin, Pôle Sud-Ouest ( IFV Sud Ouest ), Université de Bordeaux ( UB ) -Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales ( UMR AGAP ), Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Bureau Interprofessionnel des Vins de Bourgogne ( BIVB ), Unité d'oenologie de Pech-Rouge ( MONTP PECH ROUG UE ), Comité Interprofessionnel du Vin de Champagne ( CIVC ), Service technique - Institut Rhodanien, Santé de la vigne et qualité du vin ( SVQV ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ), Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), Agroclim (AGROCLIM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Unité de Recherche Oenologie [Villenave d'Ornon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), and Unité expérimentale de Pech-Rouge (PECH ROUGE)

Subjects
Fructification, Atmospheric Science, Future studies, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Climate change, Context (language use), Biology, 01 natural sciences, Flowering, Veraison, Botany, Variety, Cultivar, [SDV.SA.HORT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Horticulture, Vitis vinifera, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Global and Planetary Change, Phenology, Temperature, Forestry, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, [ SDV.SA.HORT ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Horticulture, Horticulture, 13. Climate action, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Grapevine, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract

16 pages; International audience; tUnderstanding differences in phenology for varieties of a given species is important for making informeddecisions on variety choice in the context of climate change and breeding new cultivars. Phenologicalmodels that incorporate temperature as a key environmental factor can be used to describe the differencesin phenological timing between cultivars. This paper outlines a methodology, based on a phenologicalmodel, for classifying the timing of flowering and veraison for a substantial number of varieties of thegrapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). 95 varieties were characterized for flowering and 104 varieties for veraison.Various statistical measures were used to assess the performance and predictions of the model at thevarietal level: model efficiency, root mean squared error and confidence intervals. The methodologymight be used to understand varietal differences for other species in future studies. Model outputs canbe used in combination with predicted climate change scenarios to assess the suitability of varietiesunder climate conditions of the future.

Published
2013
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49. Projected shifts of wine regions in response to climate change

Author

Benjamin Bois, Roberto Ferrise, Marco Bindi, Camilla Dibari, Giacomo Trombi, Gregory V. Jones, Marco Moriondo, Istituto di Biometeorologia [Firenze] (IBIMET), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Department of Environmental Studies, Southern Oregon University (SOU), Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin 'Jules Guyot' (IUVV Jules Guyot), Université de Bourgogne (UB), Department of Agri-food Production and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Research supported by the Commission of EU (Project MEDIATION, project no. 244012)., Istituto di Biometeorologia [Firenze] ( IBIMET ), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche ( CNR ), Southern Oregon University, Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin 'Jules Guyot' ( IUVV Jules Guyot ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ), and University of Florence

Subjects
[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, 0106 biological sciences, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Climate change, Distribution (economics), Predictor variables, 01 natural sciences, Mediterranean Basin, HadCM3, suitability, [ SDV.SA ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Wine, Global and Planetary Change, business.industry, 15. Life on land, grapevine, [ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, climate change, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, 13. Climate action, General Circulation Model, Climatology, Period (geology), Environmental science, [ SDU.STU.CL ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, business, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

15 pages; International audience; This research simulates the impact of climate change on the distribution of the most important European wine regions using a comprehensive suite of spatially informative layers, including bioclimatic indices and water deficit, as predictor variables. More specifically, a machine learning approach (Random Forest, RF) was first calibrated for the present period and applied to future climate conditions as simulated by HadCM3 General Circulation Model (GCM) to predict the possible spatial expansion and/or shift in potential grapevine cultivated area in 2020 and 2050 under A2 and B2 SRES scenarios. Projected changes in climate depicted by the GCM and SRES scenarios results in a progressive warming in all bioclimatic indices as well as increasing water deficit over the European domain, altering the climatic profile of each of the grapevine cultivated areas. The two main responses to these warmer and drier conditions are 1) progressive shifts of existing grapevine cultivated area to the north-northwest of their original ranges, and 2) expansion or contraction of the wine regions due to changes in within region suitability for grapevine cultivation. Wine regions with climatic conditions from the Mediterranean basin today (e.g., the Languedoc, Provence, Côtes Rhône Méridionales, etc.) were shown to potentially shift the most over time. Overall the results show the potential for a dramatic change in the landscape for winegrape production in Europe due to changes in climate.

Published
2013
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50. Variations in soil-water use by grapevine according to plant water status and soil physical-chemical characteristics - A 3D spatio-temporal analysis

Author

Olivier Mathieu, Benjamin Bois, Luca Brillante, Jean Lévêque, Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Viticulture Research Centre, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics ( CREA ), Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin 'Jules Guyot' ( IUVV Jules Guyot ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ), Work funded by the Conseil Régional de Bourgogne and the Bureau Interprofessionnel des Vins de Bourgogne (BIVB), France., Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria (CREA), Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin 'Jules Guyot' (IUVV Jules Guyot), and Université de Bourgogne (UB)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, [SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, [ SDV.SA.SDS ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, Soil Science, Context (language use), Plant Science, Soil water uptake, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, Terroir, 01 natural sciences, Vineyard, Pedotransfer function, [ SDV.SA.AGRO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), Plant water stress, Electrical resistivity tomography, 2. Zero hunger, Water stress, Vitis vinifera L. (grapevine), 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Roots, 6. Clean water, Agronomy, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Scale (map), Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

14 pages; International audience; Understanding plant and soil-water relationships is crucial to optimise agricultural management. In this multidisciplinary work, soil geophysics and plant physiological measurements are coupled and a statistical method is proposed to visualising plant soil-water uptake in space and time. The method is applied in a vineyard context and shows differences in the use of tranpirable soil water by grapevine according to the type of soil and the time of the day (day/night).During two years the water stress experienced by a single Chardonnay/SO4 grapevine clone was monitored both at pre-dawn and midday by leaf water potentials in two field plots exclusively differenced by soil properties. At the same time, variations of electrical resistivity were monitored through electrical resistivity tomography, and then transformed in fraction of tranpirable soil water by the use of pedotransfer functions appositely developed in these soils. Spatio-temporal variations of transpirable soil water was used to predict plant leaf water potentials and the contribution of each soil region to grapevine water status was evaluated by statistical-learning methods. Strong spatio-temporal variability was observed both vertically and laterally between the two plots and within each plot at a fine scale. Principal causes of such differences were the level of plant water stress, along the season and during the day, and differences in soil physical-chemical properties. Soil contribution to plant water status varies in space and time at a fine scale. This paper introduces a novel methodological approach, transposable in any field survey, and brings further insight in the description of plant and soil relationships.

Published
2016
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