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The phytochemical study of the 70% ethanol extract of the aerial parts of Diplotaxis erucoides afforded one new flavonoid glycoside, namely kaempferol-3- O -[ α -L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)- β -D-xylopyranoside]-7- O - α -L-rhamnopyranoside ( 1 ), named diploerucoside A and seven known compounds including one flavonoid ( 2 ), one phenolic glycoside ( 3 ), one monoterpene ( 4 ), one triterpene ( 5 ), one sitosterol ( 6 ) and two monoglycerolipids ( 7 , 8 ). Their structures were established by extensive spectroscopic analysis including 1 D- and 2 D-NMR ( 1 H, 13 C, 1 H- 1 H COSY, HSQC and HMBC), mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS) and by comparison with the data reported in the literature.

Plant-based concrete is a construction material which, in addition to having a very low environmental impact, exhibits excellent hygrothermal comfort properties. It is a material which is, as yet, relatively unknown to engineers in the field. Therefore, an important step is to implement reliable mass-transfer simulation methods. This will make the material easy to model, and facilitate project design to deliver suitable climatic conditions. In recent decades, numerous studies have been carried out to develop models of the coupled transfers of heat, air and moisture in porous building envelopes. Most previous models are based on Luikov's theory, considering mass accumulation, air and total pressure gradient. This theory considers the porous medium to be homogeneous, and therefore allows for hygrothermal transfer equations on the basis of the fundamental principles of thermodynamics. This study presents a methodology for solving the classical 1D (one-dimensional) HAM (heat, air, and moisture) hygrothermal transfer model with an implementation in MATLAB. The resolution uses a discretization of the problem according to the finite-element method. The detailed solution has been tested on a plant-based concrete. The energy and mass balances are expressed using measurable transfer quantities (temperature, water content, vapor pressure, etc.) and coefficients expressly related to the macroscopic properties of the plant-based concrete (thermal conductivity, specific heat, water vapor permeability, etc.), determined experimentally. To ensure this approach is effective, the methodology is validated on a test case. The results show that the methodology is robust in handling a rationalization of the model whose parameters are not ranked and not studied by their degree of importance.

A new alkaloid pyrroloquinolone A ( 1 ), along with fifteen known compounds 2-16 were isolated from the petroleum ether, EtOAc and n -BuOH extracts of the whole plant Atractylis cancellata L. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis including 1D- and 2D-NMR and HR-ESI-MS techniques. This is the first report of alkaloids in the genus Atractylis . Some of the isolated compounds and extracts were evaluated for their antioxidant potential (scavenging activity of DPPH and ABTS radicals, and reducing Fe +3 and Cu +2 power assays) and acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activities. Compounds 8 and 11 showed good antioxidant capacity compared to ascorbic acid, BHA, and BHT used as standards, whereas compounds 1 and 2 exhibited good anticholinesterase activities compared to galantamine used as standard.

From acetonic extract of the whole plant Euphorbia pterococca Brot. (Euphorbiaceae), four new cycloartane-type ester triterpenes named cycloartenyl-2'E,4'E-decadienoate (1), cycloartenyl-2'E,4'Z-decadienoate (2), 24-methylenecycloartanyl-2'E,4'Z-tetradecadienoate (3), and 24-oxo-29-norcycloartanyl-2'E,4'Z-hexadecadienoate (4) were obtained along with nine known tetracyclic triterpenes (5-13). Their structures were established mainly by extensive use of spectroscopic techniques, including 1D ( 1 H and 13 C) and 2D homo- and heteronuclear NMR experiments (COSY, HSQC, HMBC and NOESY), and mass spectrometry (HRESIMS), and by comparison with data reported in the literature. In addition, the new compounds 1-3 have been tested for cytotoxicity, trypanocidal effects and on enzymes involved in endocannabinoid degradation. While inactive in all assays up to 100 μM, 1 showed selective inhibition of α/β-hydrolase 12 with an IC 50 of 11.6 ± 1.9 μM., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

In this study, six known compounds 1-6 were isolated from the aerial parts of Silene arenarioides Desf. using different chromatographic methods. The structures of these compounds were identified as maltol glycoside (1), soyacerebroside I (2), chrysin (3), apigenin (4), quercetin (5) and stigmasterol glucoside (6). The compounds (1) and (2) are reported for the first time from this genus. The isolated compounds were determined using NMR techniques ( 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, COSY, HSQC and HMBC) and mass spectroscopy (ESI-MS). The antibacterial and antioxidant activities of extracts and of compound (1) have been evaluated. The antioxidant activity was performed by DPPH radical scavenging method, which showed that methanol extract possesses a good antioxidant activity with value of IC 50  = 8.064 ± 0.005 μg/mL.

In this study, the various extracts of aerial parts of Helianthemum sessiliflorum Pers. were examined in vitro for possible source of antioxidants and for antibacterial activity. The antioxidant activity was performed by DPPH radical scavenging method which showed that ethyl acetate extract possessed the best antioxidant potential (IC 50  = 32.75 ± 2.07 μg/mL). The significant linear correlation was realised between the values of the total phenolic/flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of plant extracts. The ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts showed moderate antibacterial activity. In addition, the phytochemical study of n-butanol extract afforded nine known phenolic compounds (1-9). This is the first report of six of them (1, 3, 5-8) in Cistaceae family. The structural identification of the isolated compounds was achieved using several spectroscopic methods.

The phytochemical study of ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts of Pteranthus dichotomus Forssk. led to the isolation and identification of 11 compounds, including three glycolipids 1-3, one lignan 4, three flavonoids 5-7 and four phytosterols 8-11. Structures of the isolated compounds have been elucidated by analysis of 1D and 2D NMR data, and mass spectrometry EI-MS and ESI-MS and by comparison with literature data. Furthermore, the ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts were examined for their antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The results showed that both extracts (PDAC and PDBU) had a moderate antioxidant activity (IC50 = 375.514 μg/mL and 691.333 μg/mL) respectively.

Three new anthranilic acid derivatives: N-(R)-3'-hydroxydocosanoylanthranilic acid (1), N-(R)-3'-hydroxytricosanoylanthranilic acid (2) and N-(R)-3'-hydroxytetracosanoylanthranilic acid (3), in addition to one knownanthranilic acid and six known flavonoids, were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of Ononis pusilla L. The structures of the isolated compounds were assigned by spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D homo and heteronuclear NMR experiments, ESI-MS, chemical transformation and comparison with literature data.

Two new spiro-γ-lactone glycosides named microphynolide A (1) and microphynolide B (2), together with twelve known compounds including five biflavonoids namely neochamaejasmin A, neochamaejasmin B, daphnodorin B, genkwanol A and stelleranol, one bis-coumarin daphnoretin, two lignans called pinoresinol and matairesinol, one flavonoid glucoside, tiliroside, a sinapyl alcohol glucoside, syringin, and two phytosterols, β-sitosterol and β-sitosterol-3-O-glucoside, were isolated from ethyl acetate extracts of the aerial parts and roots of the plant Thymelaea microphylla Coss. and Dur. All the isolated compounds were characterised by using spectroscopic methods and comparison with the literature data.

Three new abietane-type diterpenoids: ent-abieta-8,11,13-trien-16-ol (1), ent-abieta-8,11,13-trien-11,16-diol (2) and 11,12-dihydroxy-7-oxo-ent-abieta-8,11,13-trien-16-oic acid methyl ester (3), in addition to three known triterpenoids: euphol (4), 24,25-epoxycycloartanol (5) and beta-sitosterol O-beta-D-glucoside (6) were isolated from the chloroform extract of the roots of Euphorbia guyoniana. Structures of the isolated compounds were established on the basis of spectroscopic analyses, including 1D and 2D homo and heteronuclear NMR experiments and ESIMS, and comparison with literature data.

Three new methylated flavonol glucosides: 3-methoxy-7-O-β-(6″-galloylgluco-pyranoside) quercetin (1), 3,4'-dimethoxy-7-O-β-(6″-galloyl-glucopyranoside) quercetin (2) and 3-methoxy-7-O-β-(6″-galloylgluco-pyranoside) kaempferol (3), in addition to six known flavonols, were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of Fumana montana Pomel. Their structures were assigned by spectroscopic methods.

Six new ent-abietane lactones (1-6), three new esterified tetracyclic triterpenes (7-9), and seven known diterpenoids and triterpenoids were isolated from the roots of Euphorbia retusa. Their structures were elucidated by means of spectroscopic studies including 1D and 2D NMR, mass spectrometry, chemical transformation, and comparison with literature data.

Two new compounds with tigliane and cycloartane skeletons: 4,12-dideoxy(4alpha)phorbol-13-hexadecanoate (1) and 24-methylenecycloartane-3,28-diol (2), respectively, in addition of four known diterpenoids and 13 triterpenoids: 3-benzoyloxy-5,15-diacetoxy-9,14-dioxojatropha-6(17),11-diene (4), ent-abieta-8(14),13(15)-dien-16,12-olide (5), ent-8alpha,14alpha-epoxyabieta-11,13(15)-dien-16,12-olide (6), ent-3-hydroxyatis-16(17)-ene-2,14-dione (7), 3beta-hydroxytaraxer-14-en-28-oic acid (8), beta-sitosteryl-3beta-glucopyranoside-6'-O-palmitate (9), multiflorenyl acetate (10), multiflorenyl palmitate (11), peplusol (12), 24-methylenecycloartanol (3), lanosterol (13), euferol (14), butyrospermol (15), cycloartenol (16), obtusifoliol (17), cycloeucalenol (18) and beta-sitosterol (19), were isolated from the roots of Euphorbia guyoniana. Their structures were established on the basis of physical and spectroscopic analysis, including 1D and 2D homo- and heteronuclear NMR experiments (COSY, HSQC, HMBC and NOESY) and by comparison with the literature data.